Psychology deals with the study of human nature and can explain various forms of human behavior. Opportunity like research characteristic features personality from drawings, has grown into a whole methodology. Exploratory tests are suitable for both children and adults. The techniques are extremely simple and do not require special preparation for implementation. The results are striking in their accuracy. What are the most common psychological tests on unconscious drawings?

Drawing test "Draw a house"

The task of the test is easy to understand based on the name of the psychological test. It is also easy to interpret the results from the drawings, the human psychology is arranged in such a way that he himself, without implying it, will tell about his inner world.

This drawing test can act as an independent study, or it can become a key to other tasks in which a person has depicted a house.

Drawing test "Choose a shape"

The sheet shows square, triangle, rectangle, circle and zigzag. A person is asked to first choose one figure that he associates with himself, and then arrange the remaining elements in order of personal preference. The psychological response consists of two components: the figure chosen first characterizes the dominant personality traits, the remaining details complement the image.

Incorrigible workaholics in the first place put square. Such people always with perseverance and diligence bring what they started to the end, they have an excellent memory and a sense of responsibility. Idealists do not lose sight of any details and love to "put everything on the shelves." Undoubtedly, such qualities are useful at work, but they interfere very much in personal life. Family happiness guaranteed in that case it will be possible to find a soul mate with the same character.

Triangle choose true leaders, strong, courageous, energetic, self-confident, able to soberly assess the situation and sensibly analyze what is happening. In all spheres of life, these people reserve the right to a decisive vote, do not change decisions taken and fail to admit their own mistakes. All life passes in rivalry and struggle for the first place.

Personalities - " rectangles are in a state of constant change. They are inconsistent and unpredictable, always dissatisfied with something and always looking for something better. Naivety and curiosity generate not only a keen interest in everything unknown, but also incredible courage. Therefore, such people are rarely alone.

Those who chose a circle always striving for harmony. Through the efforts of these philanthropists, a friendly atmosphere in the work team and a favorable atmosphere in the family union are maintained. They know how to listen and support, they are very sensitive and insightful. Psychology can become their life's work.

Open zigzag- preference for creative creative natures. Often they are expressive and eccentric, almost always naive and impractical. Excellent intuition, a subtle sense of humor and the ability to find a common language with everyone compensate for the shortcomings.

Drawing test "What do scribbles conceal?"

Involuntary driving with a pen on a piece of paper can tell a lot about a person's character.

This psychological test is considered one of the most truthful. After all, the information that a person gives out unconsciously is considered the most true. All secret thoughts, hidden experiences, unjustified hopes are projected onto paper.

Drawing test "Secrets of the inner world"

Very interesting and easy to do psychological test, which in the end can provide significant answers to many life questions. To carry out, you will need a pen (or pencil), a blank sheet of paper and a few minutes of free time.

First you need to divide the sheet into four equal parts. In the upper left sector, you need to draw a point, in the upper right sector - a rectangle, in the lower left part the “=” sign is displayed, and the lower right part remains empty. Now you need to discard all extraneous thoughts, calm down and proceed to the test. To do this, you need to draw in the first three fields everything that first comes to mind. You should not spend effort on masterpiece paintings, let it take no more than 15 seconds for one image. And in the last square, you should draw a boat floating on the waves. That's all, you can start decoding.

Answers to the psychological test "Secrets of the inner world"

1. Top left figure talks about interacting with the environment. If more dots or other small disparate details were added, then we are talking about a sociable open personality. And spirals, circles, ovals indicate a closed alienated person.
2. Right top drawing reveals the inner self. Selfish natures try to reduce the area of ​​​​contact of the picture with the rectangle, or generally draw elements away from the figure. Good-natured, sociable people associate their image with the proposed one. Most often it is a wall, a parallelepiped, a brick. Altruists, as a rule, draw a house.
3. Third drawing responsible for relationships with the opposite sex. The fewer details and the farther they are from the lines, the easier and simpler the thread of communication is built. Insecure individuals draw heaped pyramids of various symbols and signs.
4. Last drawing- this is Love. Romantics add a lot of unnecessary details: sails, stars, clouds, oars, people, animals. Practical natures with a strong character and alien to sentimentality depict a simplified scheme without frills and intricacies. Passionate dreamers rushing into feelings as if into a whirlpool, without a doubt, will draw a raging sea, on the waves of which the boat of love is swinging.

Everyone wants to look at themselves from the outside, to evaluate the psychology of the inner world from a different angle. Define psychological picture can be done with drawings. A person will spontaneously put on paper all the features of his personality, even those that are difficult for himself to admit.

Each person would like to know the secrets of his character and see himself from the outside. in the best way for self-knowledge is a psychological projective drawing that will reflect all the features of your personality.

When we do something that we don’t think about, the result shows not the logical, but the emotional side of the brain. Our experiences, joy, anger and everything else can erupt unconsciously projected on paper.

You will need privacy to take the test below. No one should distract you from the process. Take piece of paper, preferably A4, handle or pencil. Divide the sheet into equal four parts and number them so that it looks something like this:

The final preparation of the sheet will look like this:

• in the first sector, draw a dot in the middle
• in the second sector draw a small square or rectangle
• in the third sector there should be something similar to the "=" sign
• the fourth sector remains empty

You should get something similar:

So, free your thoughts, there will be no difficult tasks - draw only what comes to your mind right away.

In the first three sectors, just draw what you want. Draw what you feel without thinking. You don't need to draw something complicated - spend about 10 seconds per sector. After that, move on to the last task.

In the fourth sector, draw a boat that floats on the waves. The drawing should also be primitive - also do not spend a lot of time on it.

Deciphering the drawings

Sector one

This section represents your isolation or openness. If there are round figures in this sector, then you are a closed person. The same applies, for example, to a drawn spiral leading to the center (point). If you just drew a lot of dots, then you are very sociable and open. Roughly speaking, the more elements you applied, the better. The only exception is circles. They should be as few as possible.

Sector two

This section shows your kindness and responsiveness, as well as the level selfishness. You can consider yourself a kind person if what you have drawn is somehow connected to the original rectangle. The smaller the contact area, the more selfish you are. Open people often draw a wall, which indicates their focus on the company and the team. Many draw a house, which is also very good. If your drawing does not touch the rectangle, then this indicates that you need to think - maybe you are selfish.

Sector three

This sector will show how you consider yourself successful or successful with the opposite sex - is it easy for you to communicate and flirt. There should be as few drawing elements as possible and they should not touch the equal sign (as most people call it). People who are satisfied with their relationship with the opposite sex usually draw a smiley face to make something like "=)". Worst of all, if the drawing turns out to be symmetrical and heavily piled up, this is an indicator of your self-doubt in communicating with the opposite sex.

Sector four

Everything is extremely simple here. This sector shows you what you are in love and in relations. If the sea turned out to be restless, then you prefer dynamic love that breaks your head. If the sea is calm, then love for you is calm, warm and only pleasant, ordered emotions. As for the boat itself, you should pay attention to whether it is difficult to draw, as well as what is happening around it. Any excesses like sails or people (which were not discussed), stars, living creatures, the Moon, the Sun - speak of your romance. If none of this is there, then you are strong in character, and romance is alien to you.

Thus, the simplest at first glance test can show each person his true face. Psychological personality tests of this kind are the most accurate, since the test subject does not need to think - he is driven only by the emotional part of the brain. We wish you good luck and don't forget to press the buttons and

Incredible Facts

This psychological test was developed at Harvard University.

It will help to look into the subconscious of a person and reliably describe some of the traits of his character.

Thanks to him, you can get the answer to what you do best.

Rorschach spot test

The so-called Rorschach test is one of the most popular tests for determining the human psyche.

The Rorschach inkblot technique was invented in 1921 by Swiss psychiatrist Hermann Rorschach.

The essence of the test is to determine the associations that arise in the subject when viewing 10 ink blots.

Each of these ten outlines evokes different associations with a particular image, word, or phrase.

The test is based on the fact that a person's associations determine the characteristics of his personality.

Take the Rorschach test

1. Picture one

The answers allow the psychologist to determine how a person copes with stressful situations and emerging problems.

The most common answers when viewing the first picture are a bat, a butterfly, a moth, an angel.

A bat for some is a symbol evil spirits and something unpleasant. For others, it is overcoming a difficult path and rebirth.

Butterflies indicate a period of transition in life, hinting at transformation and the desire to change, grow and cope with the challenges that arise.

A person who sees a mole in an ink stain is most likely dissatisfied with his appearance, he also believes that others do not appreciate his talents.

He is prone to bouts of irritability and weakness.

But the outlines of the muzzle of an animal can signal a serious problem inside a person, an unwillingness to resolve these difficulties, about the fears that haunt him.

It can also be a sign of paranoia.

2. Picture two

The second picture is presented as a black and red ink blot.

As a rule, people see something sexual in this blot.

How a person reacts to this stain describes their ability to keep their feelings under control, including anger, discontent, and physical pain.

Red blotches in the majority of respondents are associated with blood.

As a rule, people look at the following objects in an inkblot: two figures, a person in the process of prayer, their own reflection in a mirror, or some kind of animal.

If a person saw two figures in the spot, this means that, most likely, he is very dependent on sex or is obsessed with his partner.

If in an ink spot someone saw a person reflected in a mirror, this means that the subject is not without narcissism. He is also characterized by egocentrism and selfishness. For him, his own "I" is above all.

Seeing a dog means that the person is wonderful and true friend, ready for the sake of friendship for a lot, even to the detriment of himself.

If the subject saw an elephant, this means that the person is endowed with a good memory, a sharp mind and a great sense of humor.

If they saw something negative and repulsive in the stain, this indicates the need to face their own fears.

The bear is associated with aggression, competition and the desire for independence.

Rorschach test, pictures

3. Picture three

The third figure helps to reveal the attitude of the test person to the people around him. Thanks to the black and red spots, you can determine how well he is adapted to social interaction.

The most common answers are two human figures, a person seeing his reflection in a mirror, a butterfly or a moth.

Two people symbolize a rather active social life, that society plays a huge role in his life. This means that a person has a very high level of social interaction.

If a person saw two figures in the picture that are involved in the game, this means that he is competing with someone in real life.

But if the patient suddenly saw people in the inkblot, washing hands, this indicates his insecurity, as well as possible paranoid tendencies.

Looking in the mirror means that a person sees only himself and is deprived of the ability to understand others. As a rule, he tends to neglect the opinions of others, focusing solely on his own ego.

But the rest, on the contrary, are looking at either two women or a person of indeterminate sex in an ink spot.

However, it is impossible to say with full confidence that this picture can be used to determine the sexual orientation of a person. Psychologists have different opinions on this.

Rorschach ink test

4. Picture four

In the fourth drawing, the patient is presented with an image shaded in black ink.

Associations with this pattern are associated with the upbringing of a person and his perception of authority.

As a rule, people see a large male figure, a monster or an animal, its skin.

A large animal or monster is a symbol of a strong fear of authorities, authorities or people who exceed you in physical or moral strength.

The skin of an animal indicates that the patient experiences a feeling of discomfort when it comes to authoritarian people.

In this inkblot, most of the respondents, as a rule, see something terrible, unpleasant and masculine.

Psychologists also pay attention to how a person describes this picture and what adjectives he uses.

This helps specialists to understand what is the attitude of a person towards authoritative people, in particular males.

5. Picture fifth

The fifth card is a black ink blot. Associations with this picture are similar to those caused by viewing the first card.

What a person sees in the picture describes his inner world and attitude to emerging problems. As a rule, the patient is able to see in this blot bat, butterfly or moth.

Unlike previous cards, people do not see something terrible and threatening here.

If a person's associations with this picture diverge from the associations that arise when viewing the first blot, this may indicate a lack of tension and discomfort.

If the patient saw moving figures in the blot, this may be a sign of paranoia or schizophrenia.

6. Picture six

Associations with the blot in this picture are related to the perception of a sexual nature.

The most common response options are: burrow, animal skin, ship, or human facial features.

The animal symbolizes the love of touch. Most often, the animal is seen by connoisseurs of tactile contact.

If a person saw a ship or facial features, this means that the person being tested is prone to superiority over a partner. As a rule, he dominates in relationships.

The carpet symbolizes a certain level of dependence on the opinions of others, as well as the fear of being alone. He is strongly attached to his partner and is afraid to let him out of his sight even for a short time.

The skin of an animal suggests that, most likely, a person is afraid to enter into close relationships and not strive to communicate with people around him. As a rule, such a person is characterized by a feeling of emptiness and loneliness.

If a person saw a person's genitals in a spot, this means increased sexuality.

Rorschach psychological test

7. Picture seven

The ink blot on the seventh card is completely black. This drawing is associated with the feminine, and the picture itself is called maternal.

The card will help reveal your relationship with your mother and tell you about her role in your life.

Therefore, the most common answers are women and children. There are those who see heads or kisses in the picture.

If the patient finds it difficult to answer what is shown on this card, this means that, most likely, he has problems with female figures in real life.

The heads of women symbolize the relationship of the test person to the mother.

If a person saw the heads of children, this means that he needs care. This vision of the picture also suggests that he may need to improve relations with his mother and analyze the relationship with her.

The kiss speaks of the desire and need for love. It may also indicate that the person had very close spiritual ties with the mother, and that in this moment he wants to find himself in other relationships, whether the interaction is romantic or social.

If an ink stain is associated with clouds, this means that the person is in anxiety and confusion.

There are also those who see not the ink spot itself, but the space that they associate with some object.

For example, seeing an oil lamp means that a person has a schizophrenic disorder.

8. Picture eight

The colors in this picture are different from the previous ones. Here and gray, and pink, and orange, and blue shades.

This is the most complex associative map among all the pictures of the Rorschach test.

If a person finds it difficult to determine what is shown in the picture, this means that he is having difficulty with how he reacts to various life situations, as well as to people who annoy him.

The most common answers are a butterfly, a moth, an animal.

If the patient finds it difficult to create a meaningful picture in his perception, this means that, most likely, he has an increased level of anxiety.

9. Picture nine

The ninth picture is also distinguished by an abundance of flowers. Here you can see green, orange and pink.

The spots in the image are blurry, so it will be quite difficult to quickly determine and formulate your associations.

As a rule, most people find it difficult to immediately answer what is shown in the picture.

For this reason, card number nine helps determine the ability to overcome uncertainty and cope with a lack of structure and sufficient information.

Most often, patients respond that the picture shows a person or an incomprehensible figure.

To see a person means the ability to cope with disorganization and lack of information.

But if the stain is associated with the demonic image of evil, this suggests that for internal comfort a person must have an orderly life with a clear schedule and schedule. He doesn't deal well with uncertainty and confusion.

Quiz: draw a man and find out what kind of character you are

A very simple and very interesting psychological test, for which a sheet of paper and a pencil is enough.

The task is elementary - any child can do it. You take a standard A4 sheet and draw a conventional person on it. With the help of three types of geometric shapes: triangles, circles and squares. You can use these elements in any combinations, sizes and proportions, but in total there should be exactly ten of them in your drawing. Ready for a masterpiece? Now read the key and decrypt hidden meaning- and then take a couple more leaves - and forward to the study of others!

Reference. Psychogeometry was created by American specialists led by Susan Dellinger, and the psychographic test “ Structural drawing man from geometric shapes” was developed by domestic psychologists Libin. And they offer detailed interpretations - for a whole book! Pics, on the other hand, offers the simplest, shortest and most understandable version of the test.

To begin with, let's evaluate which figures you got more among the “organs” of a little man.

What does triangle mean

As many as three horns - this is not a sparrow sneezed for you! A sharp and purposeful figure in all respects. And she declares to us (in a loud and confident commanding voice) about perseverance and energy. If a lover of triangles aims with his corner at some boundary and tramples on it, only an avalanche will stop him. In some places such a comrade himself is like that avalanche: “Hey, follow me!” - and everyone is already running. And he shines on them. The triangle is always right. If you think he is wrong, try to compete with him. Gore!

What does circle mean

This figurine is the most feminine in character. Not in the sense that if a gentleman preferred it, then he has a problem with traditionalism. It’s just that a round-loving person will always prefer to negotiate, rather than swinging a pitchfork and throwing excrement. She sincerely pities Mumu, wishes peace in the world, can talk heart to heart without creaking or meditate on the lawn. Krugi know how to listen and understand people better than others. The classic representative of the round party is Leopold with his mantra about “let's live together”.

What does square mean

This design stands on the ground firmly and steadily. As is her fan. His logic is impenetrable, his persuasiveness is like that of the textbooks "Native Speech" and "Arithmetic" combined, willpower is measured in horsepower, endurance - the rocks will envy. Speaking of horses: he usually plows appropriately too. He has everything on the shelves - both in his head and on the shelves themselves. To unsettle him, you need ... well, except to burst into tears. Emotionality is not his part, it is for the round ones.

Having examined the work, count how many in your “portrait”: 1) triangles, 2) circles, 3) squares. Write in the form of numbers: for example, two triangles, two circles and six squares - 226. And what does this formula say about you? Yes, a lot!

1 type: organizer (811, 712, 721, 613, 622, 631)

At school and institute, you were probably the headman - well, or at least, you collected contributions from everyone for Sabantu. At work, you are the one who takes responsibility at a critical moment and in the end rakes it to the fullest. In the family - mommy or daddy, and not only in relation to children. Everyone - from a kitten to a grandmother - asks you what they should do. And if someone does not ask, unreasonable, then it is worse for him!

Type 2: performer (514, 523, 532, 541)

A person who knows how to do his job - with love, understanding and most often on time. You have no worse sense of responsibility than the organizer, but you prefer to answer not for everyone, but for yourself. Well, you doubt it, it happens: is it true that everything here is already perfect, but is it possible to improve it in some other way?

Type 3: dreamer (433, 343, 334)

The very talented who is talented in everything. And you can draw, and dance, if necessary, and compose a project. By the way, your writing is the best. Sometimes, however, the result is not fully applicable to reality - but what to do if the reality around you is so imperfect?

Type 4: Sympathetic (181, 271, 172, 361, 262, 163)

On your Facebook wall, all the stray dogs of the planet are looking for salvation, and your vest is ready to accept all the humiliated and insulted. It's called "developed empathy": you just don't understand what "not taking it to heart" means. And please don't show you "White Bim" or "Titanic"!

Type 5: subtle nature (451, 352, 154, 253, 154)

Sensitive and fragile soul, it is better not to turn over. Even if they don’t seriously run into you, you still worry: what if they didn’t think right? And suddenly in the depths of your soul you were offended? Yes, and you yourself know how to be offended, get excited and get upset - but they, callous people, will not even notice. However, your moods are changeable, you generally do not like monotony.

6th type: independent (442, 424, 244)

But they would not climb to you with their attitudes and prejudices. You are an artist, you see! What kind of artist is he? That's right, free! You always have a couple of brilliant ideas in your head, your own point of view and your own rules of life. It is not recommended to criticize you - unless, of course, who cares about life and reason. Because there is nothing!

Type 7: sociable (415, 325, 235, 415)

It is easier for you to say in words than to write in a report. Reach out to a stranger? Yes please, no problem. Call on the phone and get the information you need? At least twice. You are a genius of communication and immediacy itself. Sometimes being outgoing takes you to places you never expected to be. Nothing, the language will not only bring, but also bring back!

Type 8: self-sufficient (118, 127, 217, 316, 226, 136)

Unlike the previous type, open wide to everyone, you don’t particularly like to open up. You even avoid these wide open ones: you never know what comes to mind for these noisy and hectic bees. If anyone really needs it, knock on the shell and wipe your feet on the threshold. And in general, you need to take a closer look, wipe yourself off - and then already ... Sometimes, because of this feature, you have to stay and fight your problems one on one. Well, yes, you are strict with others - so, after all, with yourself too!

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Target: determination of the individual characteristics of the child's personality.

The child is given a simple pencil and a standard sheet of A4 paper and asked to create a drawing. Instructions: "Draw, please, the person you want." Questions should be answered evasively ("Any", "Draw whatever you want"). In the process of drawing, all questions, remarks, features of behavior, as well as such manipulations as erasing drawing elements and additions are recorded. After the drawing is completed, you should move on to the conversation.

The conversation may include questions: Who is this person? Where does he live? Does he have friends? What does he do? Is he good or evil? Who is he looking at? Who is looking at him?

During a conversation with a child, you can ask him to clarify the unclear details of the picture. Another option is to ask the child to write a story about this person.

A short version of the processing of graphic information.

The man has a head.

He has two legs.

Two hands.

The body is sufficiently separated from the head.

The length and width of the body are proportional.

The shoulders are well defined.

Arms and legs are connected to the body correctly.

The junctions of the arms and legs with the body are clearly marked.

The neck is clearly visible.

The length of the neck is proportional to the size of the body and head.

The man has drawn eyes.

He has a nose.

Mouth drawn.

Nose and mouth are of normal size

Visible nostrils.

Drawn hair.

The hair is drawn well, it evenly covers the head.

The man is drawn in clothes.

At least the main pieces of clothing (trousers and jacket/shirt) are drawn.

All clothes depicted in addition to the above are well drawn.

Clothing does not contain absurd and inappropriate elements.

There are fingers on the hands.

Each hand has five fingers.

The fingers are quite proportional and not too splayed.

Thumb fairly well defined.

Well defined wrists.

The elbow joint is drawn.

Drawn knee joint.

The head has normal proportions in relation to the body.

The arms are the same length as the body, or longer, but not more than twice.

The length of the feet is approximately 1/3 of the length of the legs.

The length of the legs is approximately equal to the length of the body or longer, but not more than twice.

The length and width of the limbs are proportional.

Heels can be seen on the legs.

The shape of the head is correct.

Body shape is generally correct.

The outlines of the limbs are transferred correctly.

There are no gross errors in the transmission of the remaining parts.

The ears are well defined.

The ears are in place and of normal size.

Eyelashes and eyebrows are drawn on the face.

Pupils are located correctly.

The eyes are in proportion to the size of the face.

The person looks straight ahead, the eyes are not slanted to the side.

The forehead and chin are clearly visible.

The chin is separated from the lower lip.

The closer the child's drawing to this sample, the higher the level of his development. Give each positive answer 1 point and sum up the points. Normal mentally developed child must score, according to his age, the points indicated below.

5 years - 10 points

6 years - 14 points

7 years - 18 points

8 years - 22 points

9 years - 26 points

10 years - 30 points

11 years - 34 points

12 years - 38 points

13 years - 42 points

14 years - over 42 points

In favor of the child, such additional details of the drawing as a cane, briefcase, roller skates, etc., speak in favor of the child, but on the condition that this detail is appropriate in this drawing or even necessary for this image (a sword for a warrior).

Drawing analysis.

Note, first of all, whether there are gross errors in the image of the figure. The drawing of the human figure symbolizes the image of the body, which is very susceptible to external stimuli that disrupt the emotional state of the child, so the problems that he experiences will be symbolically reflected in the drawing. The more significant the child's disorder, the more both his body image and graphic representation suffer.

Among the serious deviations are the image of a figure with disparate body parts, completely inappropriate details, the image of another object instead of a person, the erasure of a painted human figure, rigid, motionless, robotic or very bizarre figures. Another significant negative factor is the image of a figure of the opposite sex by the child. It may be an expression of a confused sexual role, strong attachment, or dependence on a parent (some other person) of the opposite sex.

The symbolic meaning of the human figure:

Head. If a child pays little attention to the head, this may indicate problems of adaptation to the social environment, communication difficulties, or even the presence of neurosis, since the head and, in particular, the forehead is a reflection of self-control and the sphere of social contacts. Lack of forehead - the child deliberately ignores the mental sphere. A disproportionately large head is a sign that the child is suffering from headaches or experiencing other negative effects in this area. Fixation on the head may be associated with weakening intellectual abilities or control, as a result of which the importance of this part of the body for the child increases. A large head acts in this case as an expression of the desire to compensate for what is missing.

Hair . Highlighting the hair on the head is the desire to emphasize the masculinity of the male figure. Emphasizing girls' hair, careful depiction of lush hairstyles, long, cascading hair, combined with other obvious elements of decoration - early sexual maturation.

Face - a symbol of the sphere of communication, the most social part of the picture. Facial features are depicted indistinctly, poorly traced, the face is schematic, misses the image of facial features, draws the face last - difficulties in communication, timidity, very wary, expects only bad things from others, often hostile to others. Staring eyes, compressed lips, open mouth with bared teeth - aggression and hostility. Well-drawn facial features - attention to yourself, healthy self-esteem. A painted face, an image of an animal face or a robot-like, impersonal, expressionless face is a negative sign, loss of identity, loss of a sense of one's own "I".

Chin - a reflection of willpower, authority, masculinity. Passion for the image of the chin (often erased, redrawn, circled, protrudes strongly) - compensation for weakness, indecision, fear of responsibility, the desire for superiority and gaining significance in the eyes of others. Especially if the lines in the image of the remaining parts are weak, light. The author of the drawing does not have such qualities in reality, but only draws himself like this in his imagination.

Brows. Neat eyebrows are evidence of caring for one's own appearance, grooming, restraint, and moderation. Thick, shaggy eyebrows - rudeness of character, obstinacy, intemperance, primitive morals. Raised eyebrows - arrogance, arrogance.

Ears - openness of perception or alertness in relation to the world around. Skipping this part or hiding it with hair is a minor oversight. A certain emphasis of the ears - sensitivity to remarks and condemnation; indirectly - stubbornness and disobedience to authorities.

Eyes - a reflection of the inner world of the child. A piercing, piercing look - aggressiveness. The eyes are large, with traced pupils or without pupils with shaded sclera - a symbol of fear or anxiety. Eyes wide open, but not exaggerated - curiosity. The look is not straight, but slanted - suspicion. Small eyes - secrecy, self-centeredness, absorption own feelings. Closed eyes - an attempt to isolate oneself from the outside world, from contacts. Lack of pupils, empty eye sockets - extreme egocentrism, the child does not find anything worthy of his attention around. Beautiful, symmetrical, well-drawn eyes - the desire to be attractive, likeable to other people.

Mouth is a multivalued element. The mouth is open - aggressiveness, verbal activity of an aggressive nature; if teeth are drawn - obvious aggression, possibly protective. The highlighting of the mouth (erasing, displacement, disproportionate size, underlining, etc.) is typical of young children who, not so long ago, were in oral dependence on their mother. In older children - a sign of lack of independence, dependence. The mouth, indicated by one straight line - internal tension.

Lips - a generally accepted symbol of the sexual sphere. Puffy lips in a figure drawn by a girl are a sign of correct gender identification. Traced lips (in a teenager) - the presence of narcissistic tendencies.

Nose. The absence of a nose is a certain degree of intellectual insufficiency.

Neck - a link between the body (a symbol of animal passions, impulsive life) and the head (intellectual center, mind, control). A long neck is a clamped, constrained, well-controlled person. Short neck - naturalness, straightness. The absence of a neck is a sign of immaturity.

Arms - a symbol of activity, communication and contact. Hands are spread apart, as for a hug - a sign of sociability, active interaction with the outside world. Hands hidden behind the back, hanging languidly along the body, tightly pressed to the body, palms hidden in pockets - unsociable and reserved. Flexible, mobile, freely located hands - good social adaptability, ease of establishing contacts with others. Rigid, stiff, mechanically extended, bent at right angles - superficial, unemotional contacts with the outside world. Large, large palms are a sign of an active, explosive character. Lack of palms - unsuitability, lack of faith in one's own strength, a feeling of unsuitability. Carefully traced fingers - the ability to control the situation, hold it in your hands, manage it. Long fingers with nails or emphasizing fists - aggression, militancy. Fists on the arm away from the body - open hostility, rebellion, confrontation. Hands with clenched fists pressed to the body - a hidden, suppressed tendency to rebellion. Aggression - fingers like the claws of a bird of prey; hands raised up, painted hands. Lack of hands - an extreme degree of passivity, inactivity, lack of sociability, timidity, intellectual immaturity; for older people - a sense of guilt in connection with their aggressive attitude. The same and heavily shaded hands. Short arms - isolation, turning inward, on oneself. Long arms - focus on the outside world, contact. Large, muscular arms - the priority of strength, the desire to become physically strong, compensation for one's own weakness.

torso - a symbol of the child's idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe physical appearance of a person. A strong, muscular body drawn by a fragile, weak child is a sign of compensation. large, strong body with powerful shoulders - inner strength, strong ego. Broad, massive shoulders are an expression of physical strength and superiority. strong child draws a weak body - this is associated with an experience from past experience. A fragile body is an expression of one's own weakness. Navel ( Small child) is a sign of egocentrism, if an older child is infantilism or a desire to withdraw into oneself. The rounded shape of the body - poise, a calmer character, some femininity. An angular, rectangular figure - masculinity, energy and expressiveness. Decoration of the figure (bows, buckles) - increased attention to one's own person. The image of the internal organs is an extremely negative sign - serious mental disorders.

Legs - a symbol of support, stability. The feet are drawn in profile - a sign of stability, self-confidence. Feet with fingers towards the observer, or lack of feet - a feeling of insecurity. Separation of the lower half of the body with a bold line (teenagers) - problems in the sexual sphere. Weak, short, poorly traced or shaded legs - an expression of uncertainty, weakness, own worthlessness, discouragement. The feet of a dressed person are depicted with fingers - extreme aggressiveness. Small, unstable feet - a feeling of insecurity.

Genitals . Hiding the genital area is common in teenage girls. In the female figure, the hands are depicted shyly covering the lower abdomen, while the arms of the male figure are boldly spread apart. Various objects (bouquet, etc.) can be depicted above the lower part of the abdomen.

Candid depiction of the genitals is very rare. The shift of interest from one's body to the fascinating world around, which is typical for the behavior of children during the period of latent sexuality. In most cases, the reason for the image of the genitals is a violation of behavior, aggression, phobia.

Because the drawn figure is closely related to the author of the drawing and, in a certain way, characterizes him, you should pay attention to the size of the figure, its pose, location on the sheet, the quality of the lines (pressure, hardness, duration, discontinuity), the sequence of details, the use of the background, as well as extraneous objects. The proportions of the body parts of the figure, the presence of unfinished elements of the drawing, the level of detail drawing, the presence of strong pressure and its localization, erasures, changes in the drawing, the emotions expressed on the face of a person and in his posture are taken into account.

Size and location:

A small figure that modestly occupies only a small area of ​​\u200b\u200bspace - a feeling of insecurity, anxiety, depression, ineptitude. Unnecessarily large, bulky dimensions of the figure - weak internal control and expansiveness.

Inclined figure - lack of mental imbalance, instability. The figure is shifted to the right - orientation to the outside world. Shift to the left - focus on yourself. The drawing predominantly at the top of the sheet is optimism. The location of the figure at the bottom of the sheet is a feeling of oppression, depression. A large, grandiose figure placed in the center of the sheet is an overestimated self-esteem. The child draws a line of the earth, and places a person high from it, as if floating - detachment from reality, a penchant for fantasy and imagination games, weak contact with reality.

perspective . Boys (rarely girls) of adolescence sometimes depict a person with a full-face body and a head in profile - a sign of social tension, a certain sense of guilt associated with the sphere of communication. Head in profile, torso full face, legs in profile - low mental development and disturbance of spatial imagination.

Other image features. Transparency effect (the ability to see one part through another in the picture). This is a natural factor if the drawing is made by a 6-year-old child. At an older age, this has a negative meaning, because. contradicts reality. Perhaps a sign of a slight delay in development, as well as disorganization of the personality or mental retardation. In the “soft” version, transparency indicates that the child lacks support and protection. A negative transparency value is estimated by the number of transparent elements and by the size of the transparent part (the second case is more indicative).

Optional Details . Cigarette, pipe, weapon, cane, buttons, pockets, hat. The weapon in the hands of the figure is a sign of hostility, aggressiveness. Buttons, pockets in the drawings of older children - insufficient maturity, infantilism. Emphasizing a tie, a hat is a sexual connotation. Other sexual symbols are the pipe, the cigarette, and less often the cane. Highlighting the fly of the trousers (teenagers) - preoccupation with masturbation.

Scattered parts of the body. This is evidence of deviations - the refusal to create a holistic picture, is noted in children with personal disorganization.

Limited, ascetic, robotic drawings are drawn by socially immature children. The most typical violation is the discrepancy between abilities and school performance.

Excessive shading. Emphasis on the hatching of the entire drawn figure or part of it (face, lower body, etc.) - anxiety. Excessive, vigorous shading, sometimes directed to the genital area, can be seen in the drawings of repressed, overly controlled younger students, at an age close to the period of latent sexuality. For children over 13 years old, shading is an indicator of emotional distress.

Drawings without people. For young children - likely difficulties in interpersonal communication. The refusal to draw a person and depict inanimate objects must be considered as an unusual, possibly deviant act, suggesting difficulties in interpersonal relationships, abnormal indifference, emotional alienation, autism.

Dark clouds and shaded sun. The shining sun is a well adjusted child. Stormy clouds, shaded sun - an unhappy, anxious, depressed child.

Erasures . Erasure facts are an expression of anxiety and dissatisfaction.

2. "Psychological test according to the drawings - a non-existent animal." (R. Gilles).

Target: determining the psychological portrait of the subject and identifying the child's problems in relationships with the outside world.

For research it is necessary: a standard sheet of white and a simple pencil of medium hardness. Markers and pens cannot be used soft pencils are also undesirable.

Instructions for the child: invent and draw a non-existent animal and call it a non-existent name.

Explain to the child that the animal should be invented by him himself, captivate him with this task - to create such a creature that no one has invented before him. It doesn't have to be a cartoon character you've seen before, computer games or fairy tales. After the drawing is ready, ask the artist about the creature that he got. It is necessary to find out the sex, age, size, purpose of unusual organs, if any; ask if he has relatives and what kind of relationship he has with them, if he has a family, and who he is in the family, what he loves and what he is afraid of, what kind of character he has.

The test subject unconsciously identifies himself with the drawing, transfers his qualities and his role in society to the depicted creature. Sometimes children talk on behalf of the animal about their problems. But this does not always carry enough information and depends on the child's ability to analyze his inner world. For us, it is important to understand how well he is adapted in the team.

So, what should you pay attention to.

Sheet location

Normally, the drawing is located on the middle line of the sheet or slightly higher and to the right. The location of the picture closer to the upper edge indicates a high self-esteem and a level of claims that, according to the child, are not fully realized. It is important to understand that the higher the drawing is located, the stronger the child's feeling of dissatisfaction with his position in society, the need for recognition and self-affirmation. He believes that he deserves more and may worry that he was underestimated.

The lower the figure is, the lower the self-esteem of the child. Self-doubt, indecision, lack of desire for self-affirmation - that's what is characteristic of such an artist. The child remembers failures for a long time and may refuse to act at all if he is not sure of a positive result. He focuses on the obstacles to satisfying his needs.

The shift of the picture to the right indicates the desire for self-control, extraversion. The more the drawing moves to the right, the more "rebelliousness" is manifested in relation to something important for the drawing.

If the picture is on the right upper corner, we can say that the child most likely claims leadership and is actively in conflict with one of the other contenders for this role or has become in opposition to the already existing "rulers". In this case, parents, teachers, and children who enjoy full recognition and authority from the rest of the team may turn out to be "ruling".

The shift of the picture to the left, perhaps, expresses social inactivity, shyness, introversion. These patterns may not work if the drawing extends beyond the edge of the sheet.

We consider the location of the drawing in such detail precisely because now it is important for us to understand the position of the child in society and his assessment of his position. A sign of maladaptation is dissatisfaction with one's role in the team, and this must be addressed. Special attention. Since the location of the figure is only one of the criteria, in the process of analysis, our assumptions will be refined or even changed. Therefore, we continue to consider the figure.

Head or elements replacing it

This is the central semantic part of the figure. If it is turned to the right, then the artist is characterized by a high sense of purpose and activity, which adults sometimes mistake for excessive stubbornness. It is important to understand that his plans are realistic and feasible, and not to interfere, but to help the child set goals and achieve results.

Turning the head to the left characterizes the tested person as a person prone to reflection, fantasizing, his dreams often exist only in his imagination and are not realized in reality. Perhaps this is just a temperament, but such a situation can arise under fear of failure, which leads to a loss of activity, so you need to pay attention to this.

The image with the head in the full-face position indicates the presence of egocentrism or lack of control in behavior.

If the head is much larger than the body, the child may have a high appreciation of intellectual qualities in himself and those around him.

Eyes:

Large, with a clearly traced iris, the eyes may mean that the child is tormented by constant fear.

Drawing eyelashes is an indicator of interest in admiration from others, universal recognition of one's attractiveness.

Mouth:

A toothy creature is drawn by children who are characterized by defensive verbal aggression. Their rudeness should be taken as a way of self-defense from the attacks of others.

Language indicates the need for speech activity, the authors of such a creature are big talkers.

An open mouth without drawing lips and tongue, especially a painted over, shaded one, is a sign of readiness to be frightened, such children are often distrustful and apprehensive.

Ears:

If they are, this is a sign that the opinion and information of others about him is important to the child. The more ears, the more attention the child pays to what they think and say about him.

Additional details:

Horns - protection from aggression. In combination with claws and bristles - aggression is spontaneous or defensive-response.

Feathers - the desire for self-affirmation, self-justification, demonstrativeness.

Mane, wool, similarity of a hairstyle - sensitivity.

The paws of an animal, a pedestal, a support, and the like must be judged by their shape and proportion to the whole figure.

If the supporting part is solid, then the child has rationality, a tendency to make informed decisions based on existing information. He has his own opinion, which must be reckoned with, otherwise a protest will arise, which can be expressed both directly and in a hidden form.

Lightheadedness, impulsiveness, superficiality of judgments is evidenced by the image of a lightweight supporting part - small paws, for example.

The way the support is connected to the torso itself speaks of the degree of control over one's judgments and decisions. Accurate and thorough connection - a high level, careless and weak - a tendency to rash acts or uncertainty in one's opinion.

It happens that the figure has parts that rise above the general outlines of the picture. These can be wings, additional limbs, tentacles, shell details, feathers... They can serve as decoration or be utilitarian. Ask your child what they are for. If they are needed for some type of activity of the animal, most likely, the tested person is energetic, striving for self-assertion. Decorative parts are drawn by children seeking to attract the attention of others.

Tail - Reflects the child's self-esteem.

If it is turned to the left - we can judge the self-assessment of thoughts and decisions, to the right - actions and behavior.

The tail raised up means positive self-esteem, cheerfulness.

Lowered down - dissatisfaction with oneself, self-doubt, regret about what was said and done.

Branched tails, several tails - dependence or inconsistency in self-esteem.

Two tails are turned to the sides and the animal has large ears - the child's self-esteem is highly dependent on the opinions of others.

When analyzing the contours of the figure, pay attention to protrusions such as a ribbed shell, spikes or outgrowths, and similar details. They reflect the characteristics of the psychological protection of the child. The degree of aggressive protection is characterized by the presence of sharp protrusions and their orientation. Raised up, they say that the child is protected from people who have power over him and the ability to suppress, prohibit, limit him in anything. It can be parents, older children, educators, teachers.

If the protective elements are directed downwards, this may mean that the child is afraid of being unrecognized, of becoming the object of ridicule, or worries that he is already in this position, afraid of losing authority among children.

The protrusions on the sides are drawn by children who expect danger from all sides in any situation and are ready for protection.

Lines:

A child with increased fatigue, extreme sensitivity, sleep disturbance and similar problems associated with reduced vitality draws weak, cobweblike lines.

But bold, with pressure, lines, shading are characteristic not of energetic, but of anxious children. Pay attention to what details are made with special pressure to determine what exactly can disturb the child. But, of course, you need to take into account that if a child learns to draw in a studio or just enjoys it on his own, shading will be present simply as an element of the drawing.

Other details:

Unusual details - for example, mechanical objects embedded in the body - may be a sign of psychopathology or simply a manifestation of special originality, as well as an echo of an excessive passion for robots and science fiction.

Animal name:

The name that the child assigned to his creation carries information about the character of the child.

The rational content of semantic parts - a flying hare, a running cat, and the like - speaks of the rational mindset of the child.

Word formation with a book-scientific, Latin ending - reptilus - expresses the desire to emphasize the level of one's development, erudition.

Superficially sound, without any comprehension, words speak of a frivolous attitude to the environment.

Ironic and humorous - buzyroid, dumpling - expresses the same ironic and condescending attitude towards reality.

Repeating elements - tru-tru, couscous - may indicate infantilism.

Excessively long names can be given by children prone to fantasizing, which may have a protective character as a way of escaping from reality.

Now that you have analyzed all the details, write them all down, review the results and bring them together. A full-fledged psychological portrait, as I have already said, cannot be compiled with the help of one test, but it is the drawing technique, as far as my experience shows, that reveals the child's maladaptation in society.

Try to test your child, let it be a game for him, connect friends and relatives, just warn that the ability to draw in this matter does not matter and all those tested can dream up plenty.

3. "Psychological test drawing - kinetic drawing of the family." ( R. Burns and S. Kaufman).

Target: determination of emotional relationships between family members.

Instruction: "Draw your family so that its members are busy with something."

To complete the drawing, they offer a standard blank sheet of paper, a 2M pencil, and an eraser. Optional colored pencils are available.

The protocol records the time of the task, all the questions and statements of the subject, erasures, corrections, and so on.

The conversation after the end of the drawing includes approximately the following questions:

1. Who is in the picture?

2. What does each family member do?

3. Where are they located?

4. Are they fun or bored?

5. Who is the happiest and why?

6. Who is the most unfortunate, why?

In addition to questions, the child can be offered solutions to several situations to identify positive and negative relationships in the family:

1. Imagine that you have two tickets to the circus.

Who would you invite to come with you?

2. Imagine that your whole family is visiting, but one of you is sick and has to stay at home. Who is he?

3. You build a house from the designer (cut out a paper dress for a doll) and you fail. Who will you call for help? .

4. You have "N" number of tickets (one less than family members) for an interesting movie. Who will stay at home?

5. Imagine that you are on a desert island. Who would you like to live there with?

6. You received an interesting lotto as a gift. The whole family sat down to play, but you are one person more than necessary. Who won't play?

Interpretation:

1. Analysis of the structure of the picture.

1) Comparison of the composition of the drawn family with the real one:

a) If the family is drawn in in full force- a sign of the emotional well-being of the family.

b) If the figure shows an incomplete family, this may indicate the dissatisfaction of the families with the situation, the presence of emotional contacts with the family, and even aggression.

c) The case when there are no people in the picture at all and when people not associated with seven are depicted may indicate:

- some traumatic experiences about the family;

about a feeling of rejection, abandonment (for example, children from a boarding school);

- about autism;

a high level of anxiety associated with a sense of insecurity;

and also, the lack of contact between the psychologist and the child.

d) Cases of a decrease in the composition of the family in the drawing can also be explained by the fact that the child did not draw those who are least emotionally attractive to him or those with whom he has conflicts in the family. When asked why he didn’t draw them, the child gives a defensive answer: “there wasn’t enough space”, “I’m afraid it will turn out badly”, etc. Instead of them, the child sometimes draws animals or birds, etc.

e) If the child does not draw himself or draws only himself, this indicates a lack of a sense of community with the family. ;The option when the child draws only himself is explained additionally depending on how he does it:

- if he decorates the image in the picture with a large number of details, accessories, colors, etc., and also makes the image very large, then this may indicate the presence of self-centeredness, possibly hysterical character traits;

If the size of the picture is small in combination with a negative emotional background, this is a sign of a feeling of rejection, abandonment, sometimes autistic tendencies.

f) The option when the child in the figure increases the composition of the family can be explained by the presence of such trends as:

- unsatisfied psychological needs for cooperative equal relations, that is, the desire to have a child of the same age (brother, sister) for communication;

- the need to be in the company of other people;

- the desire to take a parental protective and leading position in relation to other children (that is, the picture shows a child or some animal, bird, etc.);

- the need for a person who can satisfy the desire for close emotional contact;

- in addition, sometimes it may be associated with the symbolic destruction of the integrity of the family, revenge on parents due to a feeling of rejection, uselessness.

2. Location of family members, features of their interactions

a) The family is drawn in full force, with hands joined together, or the family is busy with one thing - all this is a sign of cohesion, emotional well-being of the family, the inclusion of the child in this situation.

b) On low level emotional ties in the family may indicate signs such as:

- disunity of family members in the figure;

-a large distance between them;

- placing various objects or walls between them, for example, the father is a newspaper, the mother is a stove or ironing board. Particularly unpleasant characters are framed or drawn away from the rest. If the child has drawn himself apart from others, this indicates a feeling of alienation.

c) If family members are involved in some kind of competitive game, for example, a ball game, this means that the child recognizes the existence of a connection, mutual interest between them, as well as the presence of rivalry for influence in the family. A ball between two or more characters indicates a balance of love and rivalry. The ball near the head of one of the characters means, and that the child recognizes his active, decisive role in family life. The ball lies or bounces near the feet of some character - an inadequate role of this character in the process of rivalry.

3. The sequence and features of drawing family members.

a) The most significant character is drawn first, bigger size than all the rest, more carefully and detailed, longer than all the rest. In the process of drawing, the child can return, correct and supplement it.

b) A negative attitude towards any family member can be expressed through a non-detailed, or incomplete (without any parts of the body, for example, an image. The use of shading to depict a character may indicate the presence of conflicts in relation to him or the absence of affective ties. It can also be explained and pause, doubts before drawing any character.

c) The size of the figure of the draftsman in comparison with other figures may be different. If it is larger or on a par with others, then this is interpreted either as a sign of competition for parental love with another parent or sibling. If the figure of the author is smaller than the rest, which is not very consistent with reality, then this is a sign of a feeling of insignificance or a demand for care from parents. By the way or in what style the child draws himself (how much he resembles other characters), it is possible to establish with whom he identifies himself, whether it corresponds to his gender.

4. Symbolism of the picture:

a) Dirt (dirty plates piled in a heap, a pile of dirty leaves in the garden, dirty spots on the floor, etc.) - a symbol of the child’s internal anxiety due to unpleasant moments for him: internal disharmony, actions and behaviors that cause him feelings guilt, etc.

b) Water, ice, rain, stars, refrigerator and everything related to cold - a symbol of a depressive mood at the moment or in potency. This can also be evidenced by beds and sleeping or sick people lying on them, if the child identifies with them.

c) Symbols of rivalry: sport games or equipment fighting a cat with a dog.

d) Flowers and butterflies - a symbol of real or desired calm and serenity.

e) balls, kites- a symbol of a feeling of pressure from which the child is trying to get rid of.

f) Symbols of aggression: a crib or a cage, as a symbol of "captivity", imprisonment, punishment (for example, a younger brother in a crib). Here - a drum, a weapon, a hammer, a hoe or a rake, wild animals (for example, when visiting a zoo). and) Road signs- a symbol of restraint of emotions, submission to the rules imposed on the child to a greater extent by the school.

h) Symbols of power and threat: broom, clothes beater, vacuum cleaners, trucks, industrial equipment (excavators, cranes), trains, huge buildings hanging overhead.

i) The image of life-threatening objects between the characters (weapons, even toys, scissors, table knives, etc.) - a symbol of aggressiveness, the existence of a rivalry factor.

4. "House". (N. Gutkina).

Target: assessment of the level of preparation of the child for schooling: psychomotor development, features of voluntary attention and spatial perception.

Materials: sample drawing, sheet of paper, pencil.

Research progress:

Before completing the task, the child is given the instruction: “There is a sheet of paper and a pencil in front of you. Draw on this sheet exactly the same picture as here (a sheet with the image of a house is placed in front of the baby). Take your time, be careful, try to make your drawing exactly the same as on the sample. If you draw something wrong, do not erase with an elastic band (make sure that the child does not have an elastic band). It is necessary to draw correctly on top of the wrong drawing or near it. Do you understand the task? Then get to work."

In the course of the task, it is necessary to fix:

1. What hand does the child draw with (right or left).

2. How he works with the sample: how often he looks at it, whether he draws lines over the sample drawing that follow the contours of the picture, whether he compares what he has drawn with the sample or draws from memory.

3. Draws lines quickly or slowly.

4. Whether distracted during work.

5. Statements and questions while drawing.

6. Does he check his drawing with a sample after finishing work?

When the child reports the end of the work, he is invited to check whether everything is correct with him. If he sees inaccuracies in his drawing, he can correct them, but this must be fixed by the experimenter.

Processing and analysis of results:

Processing of the experimental material is carried out by the method of scoring, which are awarded for errors. Errors are like this.

1. The absence of any detail of the picture (4 points). The picture may be missing a fence (one or two halves), smoke, a chimney, a roof, shading on the roof, a window, a line depicting the base of the house.

2. Enlargement of individual details of the drawing by more than two times while maintaining the relatively correct size of the entire drawing (3 points for each enlarged detail).

3. An element of the picture is incorrectly depicted (3 points). Smoke rings, a fence, shading on a roof, a window, a chimney may be depicted incorrectly. Moreover, if the sticks that make up the right (left) part of the fence are drawn incorrectly, then 2 points are awarded not for each wrong stick, but for the entire right (left) part of the fence as a whole. The same applies to smoke rings coming out of the chimney and hatching on the roof of the house: 2 points are awarded not for each incorrect ring, but for all incorrectly copied smoke; not for every wrong line in the shading, but for the entire shading of the roof as a whole.

The right and left parts of the fence are evaluated separately: for example, if the right part is drawn incorrectly, and the left part is copied without errors (or vice versa), then the child receives 2 points for the drawn fence; if mistakes were made in both the right and left parts, then 4 points (2 points for each part). If a part of the right (left) side of the fence is copied correctly, and a part is incorrect, then 1 point is awarded for this side of the fence; the same applies to smoke rings and shading on the roof: if only one part of the smoke rings is drawn correctly, then the smoke is estimated at 1 point; if only one part of the hatching on the roof is reproduced correctly, then the entire hatching is worth 1 point. An incorrectly reproduced number of elements in a drawing detail is not considered an error, that is, it does not matter how many sticks there are on the fence, smoke rings or lines in the hatching of the roof.

4. Incorrect arrangement of details in the space of the drawing (1 point). Errors of this type include: the location of the fence is not on a common line with the base of the house, but above it, the house seems to be hanging in the air or below the line of the base of the house; displacement of the pipe to the left edge of the roof; a significant shift of the window in any direction from the center; the location of the smoke is more than 30 ° deviation from the horizontal line; the base of the roof corresponds in size to the base of the house, and does not exceed it (in the sample, the roof hangs over the house).

5. Deviation of straight lines by more than 30° from the given direction (1 point): vertical and horizontal lines that make up the house and the roof; fence sticks; changing the angle of inclination of the side lines of the roof (their location at a right or obtuse angle to the base of the roof instead of a sharp one); deviation of the fence base line by more than 30 ° from the horizontal line.

6. Breaks between lines where they should be connected (1 point for each break). In the event that the hatch lines on the roof do not reach the roof line, 1 point is given for the entire hatch as a whole, and not for each incorrect hatch line.

7. Lines overlap each other (1 point for each overlap). If the hatch lines on the roof go beyond the roof lines, 1 point is given for the entire hatch as a whole, and not for each incorrect hatch line.

Good execution of the drawing is estimated at "0" points. Thus, the worse the task is performed, the higher the total score. However, when interpreting the results of the experiment, it is necessary to take into account the age of the child. Five-year-old children almost never get a "0" grade due to insufficient maturity of the brain structures responsible for sensorimotor coordination.

When analyzing children's drawing it is necessary to pay attention to the nature of the lines: very bold or “shaggy” lines may indicate a state of anxiety in the child. But in no case can a conclusion about anxiety be made only on the basis of this figure. Suspicions must be checked by special methods for determining anxiety.

The "House" technique can be carried out both individually and in small groups.

The result of the implementation of the technique in points is determined not so much to compare one child with another, but to track changes in sensorimotor development the same child at different ages.

5. "Man in the rain." (E. Romanova, T. Sytko).

Target: assessment of adaptive capabilities and resistance to stressful situations. One of the few graphic techniques that can be interpreted by people who are not specialists in the field of psychology: parents and teachers.

Research methodology:

On a blank sheet of A4 paper, which is vertically oriented, the subject is asked to draw a person, and then, on another sheet of the same size, a person in the rain. Comparison of two drawings allows you to determine how a person reacts to stressful, unfavorable situations, what he feels in case of difficulties.

INSTRUCTIONS:

Instruction #1: "Please draw a person."

Instruction number 2: "Draw a man in the rain."

TREATMENT:

When interpreting the figures, it is recommended to be guided by the following provisions. When the drawing is ready, it is important to perceive it in its entirety. It is necessary to “enter” the drawing and feel what mood the character is in (joyful, jubilant, dejected, etc.), whether he feels helpless or, on the contrary, feels in himself internal resources to deal with difficulties, and perhaps calmly and adequately perceives difficulties, considering them a common life phenomenon. Thus, it is important to track the global impression of the drawing. This is an intuitive process. Only then can one proceed to the analysis of all specific details from the point of view of logic, while relying on the main provisions of the guide to interpretation.

In the process of testing, it is important to observe the progress of the drawing and pay attention to all the statements of the subject. To obtain more reliable information, it is necessary to conduct an additional interview with the test person.

INTERPRETATION:

Exposure, position on the sheet. In the drawing "Man in the rain" in comparison with the drawing "Man", as a rule, significant differences are found. It is important to see how the exposure has changed. So, for example, if a person is depicted as leaving, then this may be due to the presence of a tendency to escape from difficult life situations, avoiding troubles (especially if the figure of a person is depicted as if observed from a bird's eye view). In the case of a displacement of a person’s figure in the rain to the upper part of the sheet, one can assume the subject’s tendency to escape from reality, to lose support under his feet, as well as the presence of protective mechanisms such as fantasizing, excessive optimism, which is often not justified.

The position of the figure in profile or with his back indicates the desire to renounce the world, to self-defense.

The image placed at the bottom of the sheet may indicate the presence of depressive tendencies, a feeling of insecurity.

For the rest, the interpretation should be based on the "Man" methodology. For example, an image shifted to the left may be associated with the presence of impulsiveness in behavior, orientation to the past, in some cases with dependence on the mother. The image, shifted to the right, indicates the presence of an orientation to the environment and, possibly, dependence on the father.

If the drawing is located mainly in the upper part of the sheet, this may mean that a person has high self-esteem, he is dissatisfied with his position in society, he lacks recognition. If, when located at the top of the sheet, the figure is very small, then the person considers himself a kind of unrecognized genius. If the drawing is located mostly at the bottom of the sheet, then its author may have low self-esteem, self-doubt, depression, indecision, fears associated with self-presentation, disinterest in his position in society. The position of the picture along the horizontal axis (left-right): - if the picture is located more on the left side, the person relies more on past experience, is prone to introspection, indecisive in actions, passive; - if most of the drawing is located on the right side of the sheet, then we have a person of action who realizes his plan, is active and energetic.

Transformation of the figure. An increase in the size of the figure is sometimes found in adolescents who are mobilized by troubles, make them stronger and more confident. The reduction of the figure takes place when the subject needs protection and patronage, seeks to transfer responsibility for his own life to others. Guys who draw small figures are usually shy about showing their feelings and tend to be reserved and somewhat sluggish when interacting with people. They are prone to depression as a result of stress. The image of a person of the opposite sex may indicate a certain type of response in a difficult situation, the “switching on” of behavioral programs borrowed from specific people from the immediate environment (mothers, grandmothers). A change in age indicates a person's sense of self in a situation of life's turmoil.

If any parts of the body (legs, arms, ears, eyes) are omitted in the drawing “Man in the rain” when depicting the figure, this indicates the specifics of the defense mechanisms and the features of the manifestations of ego reactions.

The function of clothing is "the formation of protection from the elements." The abundance of clothing indicates the need for additional protection. Lack of clothing is associated with ignoring certain stereotypes of behavior, impulsive response.

Evaluation of the nature of the lines.

light lines - lack of energy, stiffness;

lines with pressure - aggressiveness, dominance, perseverance, anxiety;

uneven pressure - impulsiveness, instability, anxiety.

The contours of the figure.

continuous lines - insulation;

contour break - sphere of conflict;

many sharp corners - aggressiveness, poor adaptation;

double lines - anxiety, fear, suspicion;

shading - a zone of anxiety.

The direction of the human figure:

AT projective methodology“Man in the rain” it is important how the figure of a person is depicted: - turned to the left - attention is focused on oneself, one's thoughts, experiences in the past; - turned to the right - the author of the picture is directed to the future, active; - the back of the head is visible, the person is depicted with his back - a manifestation of isolation, avoiding conflict resolution.

If a person is depicted as running, the author of the drawing wants to run away from problems. A walking person means good adaptation. If a person in the figure is unsteady, this may mean tension, lack of a core, balance.

The figure of sticks indicates negativism, resistance to the technique. Overly childish, playful drawings speak of a need for approval. Drawings-cartoons mean the desire to avoid value judgments in your address, the experience of inferiority, hostility.

Rain protection.

Umbrella, hat, raincoat, etc. - these are symbols of protective mechanisms, ways to cope with troubles.

The umbrella is a symbolic image of mental protection from unpleasant external influences. From the point of view of the interpretation of images, the umbrella can be considered as a reflection of the connection with the mother and father, which are symbolically represented in the image of the umbrella: the dome is the maternal principle, and the handle is the paternal principle. An umbrella may or may not protect against bad weather, limit the character's field of view, or may not be available. So, for example, a huge mushroom umbrella may indicate a strong dependence on the mother, who decides all difficult situations for a person. The size and location of the umbrella in relation to the figure of a person indicate the intensity of the action of mental defense mechanisms.

A very large umbrella means codependence with parents, a desire in a difficult situation will receive support from authoritative persons. The absence of a hat, umbrella and other protective equipment indicates poor adaptation and the need for protection. A hat on your head is a need for protection from superiors.

Body.

Head - sphere of intelligence and control. A disproportionately large head indicates the subject's conviction in the significance of thinking. A small head is an experience of intellectual inadequacy, inferiority.

Neck - the connection of the mind with the senses. An excessively large neck indicates that the painter is aware of his bodily impulses and tries to control them. A long, thin neck means inhibition in the awareness of one's bodily impulses. Short thick neck - the painter makes concessions to his weaknesses, desires. The neck is tied with a scarf - a break in the connection between the mind and feelings.

Shoulders - a sign of physical strength. The larger the shoulders, the greater the need for power, recognition. Small shoulders - a feeling of own low value, insignificance. Sloping shoulders - despondency, despair, guilt.

torso excessively large - the presence of unsatisfied needs, desires. A square body is a sign of masculinity. The body is very small - a feeling of humiliation, low value.

Face shows an attitude to the world, it is important to pay attention to the severity of certain features. The face is underlined - strong preoccupation with relationships with others, one's own appearance. The face is hidden under the brim of a hat or covered with an umbrella or not traced - the desire to avoid unpleasant influences.

Eyes . Large, shaded eyes indicate the presence of fears, the desire to control the external environment. Small dot eyes (sticks) - self-absorption, avoidance of visual stimuli. Eyelashes - coquettishness, demonstrativeness. Big ears - sensitivity to criticism, interest in the positive opinion of others. Ears are small, lack of ears - avoidance of criticism, unwillingness to hear bad things about yourself.

Limbs, hands - a symbol of interpersonal interaction. Wide open arms, palms forward, speak of openness, a desire for action. If the hands are wider at the wrists than at the shoulders, this indicates impulsiveness in actions. If the hands are depicted separately from the body, the impulses of the body are uncontrollable for the painter. Hands behind the back mean unwillingness to give in, but aggression is under control. Arms too long - big ambitions. Hands are tense and pressed to the body - rigidity, sluggishness, tension. Lack of hands - unwillingness to communicate, a sense of one's own inadequacy. The fingers in the picture represent feelings, most often aggression. The thumbs, drawn separately, express repressed aggressiveness.

rain attributes . Rain is a hindrance, an undesirable effect that prompts a person to close, hide. The nature of his image is connected with how a person perceives a difficult situation: rare drops - as temporary, surmountable; heavy, filled drops or lines - heavy, constant.

It is necessary to determine where the rain "comes" from (to the right or left of the person) and which part of the figure is affected to a greater extent. The interpretation is carried out in accordance with the assigned meanings of the right and left sides of the sheet or the figure of a person.

along the lines, which depict rain, one can judge the attitude of the author of the picture to the environment. Balanced, identical strokes, in one direction, speak of a balanced environment. Messy strokes - the environment is disturbing, unstable. Vertical strokes speak of stubbornness, determination. Short, uneven strokes throughout the field and the absence of all defenses indicates anxiety and perception environment as hostile.

Clouds are a symbol of expectation of trouble. It is important to pay attention to the number of clouds, clouds, their density, size, location. AT depressed state depicts heavy thunderclouds occupying the entire sky.

Puddles, dirt symbolically reflect the consequences of an alarming situation, those experiences that remain after the "rain". You should pay attention to the manner of depicting puddles (shape, depth, splashes). It is important to note how the puddles are located relative to the figure of a person (whether they are in front of or behind the figure, surround the person from all sides, or he himself is standing in a puddle).

Puddles symbolize unresolved problems. You need to pay attention to whether there are puddles to the left or to the right of the character: if on the left, then the person sees problems in the past, if on the right, he foresees them in the future. If a person is standing in a puddle, this may mean dissatisfaction, loss of orientation.

Additional details.

All additional details (houses, trees, benches, cars) or objects that a person holds in his hands (handbag, flowers, books) are considered as a reflection of the need for additional external support, support, in an effort to get away from solving problems by switching and replacing activities. A more complete decoding of the details is based on the symbolic meaning of the images presented. For example, lightning can symbolize the beginning of a new cycle in development and dramatic changes in a person's life. A rainbow, which often appears after a thunderstorm, portends the appearance of the sun, symbolizes the dream of an unrealizable striving for perfection.

Additional objects depicted in the drawing (lantern, sun, etc.) usually symbolize significant people for the author of the drawing.

Trends .

Signs of emotional coldness - a schematic figure; the face is partially or completely not drawn

Signs of impulsivity - a lot of movement in the figure; disheveled hair; inconsistency in the direction of the body, arms and legs; lack of clothing Signs of conflict in the family - limited space for the figure; a clear discrepancy between the quality of the drawing and others; positive emotions are clearly drawn on the face.

Signs of infantilism - a person in fabulous or festive clothes; on the face an expression of delight; the figure has no neck; the drawing has moved up compared to others; a decrease in the age of a person, compared with other drawings; drawing of a man in the form of a child

Signs of self-distrust - a boy is drawn; an umbrella over a person is held by someone or something; clothes have a lot of fasteners; man goes to the left

Distortion and omission of details. The absence of essential details may indicate an area of ​​conflict and be a consequence of repression as a protective mechanism of the psyche. So, for example, the absence of an umbrella in the picture may indicate a denial of support from parents in a difficult situation.

Color in drawings. Drawings can be done with a simple pencil. However, many people prefer to use colored pencils. It should be remembered that an accurate interpretation of the color solution cannot be made if the subject does not have the entire set of colored pencils. Colors can symbolize certain feelings, mood and attitudes of a person. They may also reflect a range of different reactions or areas of conflict. A well-adapted and emotionally well-adjusted child usually uses two to five colors. Seven to eight colors indicate high lability. The use of one color indicates a possible fear of emotional arousal.

The final stage.

This stage in the interpretation of the figure is associated with the integration of information obtained in the first and second stages. Here all the received material is analyzed, correlated with the results of standard tests and with information about a person.

By the way the character changes from the first drawing to the second, we can draw conclusions about

the attitude of the artist to life's difficulties,

about the ways in which he usually overcomes these difficulties.

Usually the pictures are so eloquent and symbolic that even a non-specialist is able to understand and interpret them.

Some drawings show how the tested person's skills of constructive response to stressful situations are not formed.

When comparing two drawings from the series, pay attention to the following characteristic changes:

How the color changes (background color, color of the man, what color are the raindrops painted in);

Does the gender of a person change from drawing to drawing? Very often in such series, the gender of a person changes. This will indicate to us the way of responding - according to the “female” or “male” gender type, a person encounters difficulties;

Does the age of a person change? Does the approximate age of the man correspond to the age of the artist himself? Regression to childhood - the child depicted in the picture of an adult will show. If the picture of a child or teenager shows an adult or an old man, this will tell you which of the older relatives the child tends to imitate when solving his problems.

Does the size of the figure change? A very miniature figure in the second picture indicates low stress resistance, vulnerability, possibly low self-esteem. A very large figure indicates an active life position, aggressiveness.

After drawing, you can have a discussion. Examples of psychologist questions

Tell us about this person: how does he feel, feel?

How comfortable does the person feel in this situation?

What is his mood?

What does he most want to do?

Did it rain unexpectedly or according to the forecast?

Was the person ready for the rain or was it a surprise for him?

Do you love rain? Why?

At what point in time did we find him?

What are his prospects?

If a person is uncomfortable (bad) in the rain, then how can he be helped? What can a person himself do to help himself, to cope with the rain?