« Mirage intrigue”- the term of Yu. V. Mann (the word “mirage” was borrowed from the critic of the last century Al. Grigoriev). It means that formally the intrigue takes place between Khlestakov and the officials, but in fact the officials interact not with Khlestakov, but with the absent Auditor. The name of the comedy "The Government Inspector" eloquently refers to this character, who never appears on stage. Meanwhile, it is he who constitutes "the purpose and meaning of comedy." “The auditor sits in the head of everyone” (N.V. Gogol). The inspector is replaced by Khlestakov, therefore, in the course of the development of the action, false, imaginary, "ghostly" (as Belinsky would say) or "mirage" relations are established between the characters. Based on this, we can say that there are two intrigues in comedy.

One real one: "The auditor is coming to us." This plot appears in the very first phrase and captures all the characters (Gogol considered such an energetic beginning a very important requirement for a comedy). This link can be understood in symbolic sense- mystical fear of the auditor as a manifestation of "wild conscience" (M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin). After the tie - an exposition (messages of officials on the state of affairs for the viewer - this is an acquaintance with officials). The climax is the Postmaster's message that Khlestakov is not an auditor, reading a letter to Tryapichkin and the words of the Governor ("Who are you laughing at, etc."). The denouement is the arrival of the Gendarme (with a message about the arrival of a real auditor) and a silent scene.

Another intrigue is the “mirage” (Vaudeville relationship between Khlestakov and officials). The plot here is the message of Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky that the auditor is Khlestakov. The climaxes are the scene of Khlestakov’s lies (and the compositionally parallel scene of Gorodnichiy boasting), the scene of taking bribes, the scene of Khlestakov’s “matchmaking” with a parody love triangle(he, the wife and daughter of the Governor). The denouement for Khlestakov is his departure, and for the Gorodnichiy, the moment when he feels ashamed (“He cheated, damned ...”). The action thus develops between two letters, which gives the composition a circular character.

There is no consensus among researchers regarding the final "silent scene", it can be interpreted in different ways. One of the possible interpretations is that a real, honest auditor finally appeared, and fair retribution overtook the officials. It is known, however, that there are no honest officials, including auditors, Gorodnichiy's many years of experience speaks for this, and the whole play proves this idea. Therefore, it is hardly worth hoping that this new auditor will be better than the previous one. In addition, the play does not say that "the official who arrived by personal order from St. Petersburg" is precisely the auditor (especially since the expected auditor must be "incognito"). That is, the alarm may again turn out to be false. But if this official is not an auditor, then it is generally unclear who he is and for what purpose he came. He travels accompanied by a gendarme and demands the governor to himself. If this gendarme is needed in order to arrest Gorodnichiy, then this is inexplicable, because there has not yet been an investigation, just as there was no audit itself.

However, it is obvious that the city does not need an audit from outside: it audited itself throughout the play. Therefore, it is no coincidence that the replica of the gendarme causes such a shock among the characters: the arriving official can indeed be associated with heavenly punishment, which the characters of the comedy are afraid of. This is facilitated by the fact that the gendarme announcing him is not on the list of actors. All this gives a special, mystical coloring to the end of the play.

It is noteworthy that the official arrives from St. Petersburg: this corresponds to the general color of the image of St. Petersburg in the play as a mysterious, transcendental, “mirage” city, which none of the inhabitants of the city has ever seen, existing in some special reality.

The history of the idea and genre originality Poems "Dead Souls"

Scene selection. As in the case of The Government Inspector, the plot is based on a well-known "joke", and it was suggested to Gogol by Pushkin. Gogol found it the most suitable for such a work, in which it would be possible to depict "at least from one side ... all of Russia." Here is what he himself said about this: “What an original story! what a diverse bunch! all Russia will appear in it. A simple "road" plot (Chichikov travels around Russia, buying up "dead souls") makes it possible to show pictures from the life of various social groups. It is essential that if in Gogol's earlier works the place of action is a mythologized city-world, then in Dead Souls Russia as a whole should be considered the place of action. Of course, this is also a mythologized Russia, Russia is the “child of Gogol” (A. A. Blok).

Dante background. As an important prototype for his poem, Gogol chooses Dante's Divine Comedy, main character who travels through Hell, Purgatory and Paradise in search of the soul of her beloved. The poem "Dead Souls", according to Gogol's plan, was also to consist of three parts, conditionally corresponding to Hell, Purgatory and Paradise. "Dead Souls" is conceived as a poem about the hero's gradual ascent from the lower spheres. human life to the highest, from the ugly to the beautiful, from chaos to harmony, from non-existence to being, from “dead souls” to a living soul. Everything bad (Hell) is concentrated in the first volume, the events of the second volume were supposed to turn out to be "Purgatory" for Chichikov, in the third volume the hero was to be completely transformed and become the embodiment of the national ideal. Together with Chichikov, both the author and Russia itself (in the person of the reader) pass this way. Does this mean that Gogol had a peculiar utopian plan to save, to transform Russia with his poem? It probably is. However, like any utopia, this plan was not realized in reality. Being in a state of severe spiritual crisis. Gogol destroyed the third volume of the poem and a significant part of the second.

"Dead Souls" - a poem. It is no coincidence that Gogol calls "Dead Souls" a poem, despite the fact that this text is prosaic. In this work, of course, the influence of an adventurous picaresque novel, or the so-called “picaresque”, is strongly felt, the main character of which (a rogue, “pikaro”) travels, meets on his way various people and skillfully circles them around the finger; the road plot gives the writer the opportunity to show a wide variety of socio-satirical pictures. But despite this, "Dead Souls" does not look like an ordinary novel. Let us list those features of the poetics of "Dead Souls" that justify the formula of the genre ("poem") proposed by the author.

1. The lyrical-epic nature of the work, the special role of the author's voice in it, lyrical digressions.

2. Important role compositional repetitions on different levels text.

3. Poetic manner of writing. Expanded metaphors and comparisons, long phrases with complicated rhetorical figures, arbitrary associative ones; rows, various deviations from the topic, in some places (reread the beginning of chapter 7) one can speak of a certain rhythmic element in prose and of the significant role of phonetic consonances. Large fragments of "Dead Souls" are easy to memorize precisely because of this "poetic" factor.

4. In general, the style of narration is of greater importance here than in a purely epic work (story, novel). As already mentioned, during this period of Gogol's work, the phantasmagoric element, as it were, passes from the plot into the style.

5. In the draft “Study Book of Literature for Russian Youth”, Gogol defines “a lesser kind of epic” as a medium genre between a poem and a novel: “... The author leads his [hero] life through a chain of adventures and changes in order to present at the same time live a true picture of everything significant in the features and customs of the time he took, a picture of shortcomings, abuses, vices ... ”Recall that an epic is a major epic work on a national theme, in it the “substantial forces of the people” find their expression (V. G Belinsky). "Dead souls" were thought. Gogol in precisely this perspective. Therefore, the reading of K. S. Aksakov should be considered very sensitive (the article “A few words about Gogol’s poem“ The Adventures of Chichikov, or Dead Souls ”), who calls this poem the Russian Iliad, and Gogol - the Russian Homer. (Read the article by K. S. Aksakov, as well as the articles by V. G. Belinsky about Dead Souls. What is the essence of the controversy between the two critics?)

Plot and conflict

The plot of the poem is simple.

Tie. In Chapter 1, Chichikov arrives in the city, meets with officials and prepares the ground for the adventure he has planned. Pay attention to the portrait characteristics of Chichikov (find indications of typicality, "averageness" of the hero), to the romantic clichés ironically parodied by Gogol in Chichikov’s self-characterization addressed to officials: “... and his conversation in such cases took on somewhat bookish turns: that he is an insignificant worm of this world and is not worthy of being cared for a lot, that he experienced a lot on in his life, endured in the service for the truth, had many enemies who even attempted on his life, and now, wanting to calm down, he is finally looking for a place to live, and that, having arrived in this city, he considered it an indispensable duty to pay his respects first to his dignitaries." Here, the parody is emphasized by an unexpectedly prosaic, even vulgar, ending.

(Which of the landowners did Chichikov meet at the governor's "house party"?)

AT In the same chapter, we also find an exposition - a description of the city. Notice the satirical and grotesque aspect of the streetscape and the interior of the hotel. Highlight the formulas for indicating typicality (“Peace was of a certain kind, because the hotel was also of a certain kind, that is, exactly the same as there are hotels in provincial cities ...”, etc.). The paradox lies in the fact that although it is said about the usual and typical, many details are written out in a grotesque-hyperbolic way (the nymph depicted in the picture “with such huge breasts that the reader has probably never seen”, a room “with cockroaches looking out like prunes , from all corners", a shop with the inscription "foreigner Vasily Fedorov"), irony is visible ("Most often, darkened double-headed state eagles were noticeable, which have now been replaced by a laconic inscription:" Drinking House "; "The city was in no way inferior to other provincial cities : yellow paint on stone houses hit hard in the eyes and gray on wooden houses modestly darkened"). Pay attention also to a parody fragment from a newspaper note (“our city has been decorated ...”, etc.).

Action development. In chapters 2 to 6, Chichikov visits the landlords - the owners of "Dead Souls" - and makes deals with them. All chapters are built according to the same compositional principle. In the 7th chapter, Chichikov signs a bill of sale, for which he needs to come to the court of justice and give a bribe to the official "Ivan Antonovich Kuvshinnoye Rylo". In the 8th chapter, Chichikov comes to the ball to the governor, and here he is unexpectedly exposed by Nozdryov.

Climax. Nozdryov's performance at the ball can be considered the beginning of the plot's climax. This climax is extended. At the end of the eighth chapter, we meet Korobochka's "traveler" who goes to the city to find out "how much dead souls are now." The ninth chapter begins with a conversation between two ladies and continues as a grotesque-phantasmagoric retelling of the rumors about Chichikov. In the tenth chapter, all the officials gather at the police chief's to "talk" about what happened. Here the postmaster tells "The Tale of Captain Kopeikin". Please note: on the one hand, this insert slows down the course of the story, on the other hand, its appearance at the climax implies a special significance at a deeper, symbolic level of the work.

Interchange. In the 11th chapter, Chichikov leaves the city. Note that the junction is slightly blurred. Almost the entire chapter is woven from author's digressions: this is a biography of Chichikov (which can be considered as a "belated" exposition of the protagonist), as well as a number of lyrical digressions on the topic of Russia. In the final scene, Chichikov gradually loses his own "Chichikov" outlines and dissolves into the image of a troika, this is no longer Chichikov, but a generalized symbolic image of a Russian, which in the following volumes was supposed to correspond to a generalized symbolic image of Russia itself. Perhaps here Chichikov merges with the lyrical hero.

Once, the poet and critic Apollon Alexandrovich Grigoriev spoke of the plot of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol's play The Government Inspector in this way: "This is a mirage intrigue." But what is a “mirage intrigue” and what does it mean in a play about a county town?

In order to answer this question, we need to turn to the definitions of the words "mirage" and "intrigue". A mirage is an illusion, a phantom, a phantom generated by a game of the imagination. Intrigue (from Latin “I confuse”) - covert actions using various unseemly means to achieve a goal.

It turns out that the intriguer himself does not want to deceive anyone and may not even guess that he has become the culprit of the general deception? Exactly. The same thing happens with Ivan Alexandrovich Khlestakov, the hero of the play "The Inspector General", a young official who went to the Saratov province to his father. Ivan Alexandrovich is a junior titular councilor who has to live in a tavern in a county town because he “has overspent a little” by losing money in cards. But how did the young “titulary” find himself at the epicenter of the mirage intrigue? After all, it was not in vain that Nikolai Vasilievich said that the image of the “capital thing” is the most difficult to stage on stage.

The fact is that first Dobchinsky and Bobchinsky, the city landowners, and then the mayor and other residents of the city were able to deceive not Khlestakov's cunning, but his innocence, sincerity. “He’s lying, he’s lying, and he won’t break off anywhere!” the mayor said, “Huh? and won't blush! Oh, yes, you need to keep an eye on him ... ". But Khlestakov did not try to deceive the mayor. There is no cunning or malice in the young official, he only said what circumstances dictated to him. He lives in the moment of the present and acts as he was taught: you must respect the rank - he respects; he is asked about the charms of a luxurious life in St. Petersburg - he answers, becoming a minister and more important than a minister; offer him bribes, he takes them. Gogol himself, in his “Remarks for Gentlemen Actors,” gives the following advice to the artist performing Khlestakov: “The more the actor playing this role shows candor and simplicity, the more he will win.” A county town is an absurd world, a world of hypocrisy that clashes with the sincerity and simplicity of a St. Petersburg official. Thus, Khlestakov, against his will, becomes the center of intrigue. But why was Ivan mistaken for an auditor?

“I was so overcome with fear” - this is the first comment describing Khlestakov. It was the fear that seized the city before the arrival of the auditor that prepared the ground for deception. Therefore, the unintentionality of Khlestakov's actions confused so many people. They see what's on their mind. And now every little thing in the movements and speech of an official from St. Petersburg, as it were, confirms the fears of the townspeople - the auditor has arrived! "He! And the money does not pay and does not go. Who should be, if not him?” Dobchinsky suggests. “He, he, by God he is ... Such an observant one: he looked at everything, yes, he looked into our plates,” Bobchinsky echoed him. And what else should be the auditor, like "not bad appearance, in a particular dress, walks around the room, and in the face of such a reasoning ...".

Reading the play, we can see what an impressive amount of notes Gogol gives for the actors. “He said to the side”, “grabs his head”, “with disdain”, “teasing him”, “out loud” ... But it is surprising that the least of the author’s remarks refers to Khlestakov, who simply does not need them: he has what’s on his mind , then in the language. But then, by what means does Gogol portray his favorite grotesque character? main role Osip plays here, Khlestakov's servant, who, lying on a master's bed, reveals to us the whole truth about his master, a card player and a rake, who needs to "show himself in every city" and be sure to squander all the money. An important role is also played by the speech of the St. Petersburg official, quick and abrupt: “But what really? I am like that! I will not look at anyone ... I tell everyone: "I know myself, myself. I am everywhere, everywhere ...". After all, Khlestakov speaks and acts without any consideration: he is not able to stop constant attention on any thought. To emphasize all the instability and variability of Khlestakov's essence, Gogol gives a description of his appearance: "... thin, thin - how do you know who he is?" And one more thing: “... But what a nondescript, short one, it seems, he would have crushed him with a fingernail ...”, - says the mayor.

The image of Khlestakov is perhaps one of the most multifaceted in Russian literature. He personifies the "secular conscience" - stupid, treacherous, ambiguous and mirage.

Khlestakov's theme and "mirage intrigue" (Grade 8)

(Prepared by the teacher of the Russian language and literature of school No. 63 in Donetsk Pashentseva V.M.)

Target: get a holistic view of the image of Khlestakov and his character, develop critical thinking through the analysis of information, promote the development of students' speech, cultivate interest in reading; to form a concept among students about the "mirage intrigue" in the work of N. V. Gogol "The Government Inspector" and ways to disclose it; enrich the literary vocabulary of students;develop students' speech, develop figurative and analytical thinking, aesthetic and Creative skills students, to educate a spiritually developed personality, ready for self-knowledge and self-improvement, to educate love and respect for literature and the values ​​of national culture.

Tasks:

to systematize students' knowledge about the image of Khlestakov - the main carrier of the "mirage intrigue";

to continue the formation of the ability to analyze the text based on the speech characteristics of the characters;

Equipment: texts of N.V. Gogol's comedy "The Government Inspector", illustrations, performance posters, presentation

Type of lesson: mastering knowledge, skills, abilities.

Technology: critical thinking.

Critical thinking techniques: role-playing reading, comparative table, cinquain.

Methodical techniques: analytical conversation, staging, teacher's word, work in groups.

Forms of work: individual, pair

Vocabulary work: mirage, intrigue, fantasy, hyperbole, grotesque.

During the classes:

epigraphs : He is a kind soul, a dreamer in his own way

and endowed with a certain deceptive charm,

the elegance of the hang...

V.V. Nabokov

A strange thing is happening.

Wick, match, boy

Khlestakov by the power of fear and

reverence for him grows

in person, becomes a dignitary,

becomes who they see in him.

G.A. Gukovsky, in the book: “Gogol's Realism ”.

Khlestakov plays the main role in the action, all other faces turn around him, like planets around the sun.

Y. Mann.

Organizing time.

Announcement of the purpose and objectives of the lesson.

Updating of basic knowledge.

Frontal poll - a conversation on the text of a comedy

Where, in what place, does the action of the comedy take place?(In an unnamed county town, from which “if you ride for three years, you won’t reach any state.”)

In this nameless county town, as in a mirror, all of Russia is reflected, all sides public life and management. Who ownspower in a provincial Gogol town?(To the mayor. Characteristics of the mayor.)

How are things inhealth care ? (Characteristic of A.F. Strawberries.)

Who is in charge legal proceedings in the town? (Characterization of A.F. Lyapkin-Tyapkin.)

They say that the most difficult thing in life is to heal, judge and teach. The “health” of the whole society depends on the state of health care, legal proceedings and education. We remembered how things are in healthcare and judiciary. What about ineducation ? Maybe everything is safe there in Gogol's town?(Characteristics of education. L.L. Khlopov and teachers.)

What other areas of public life did we see in the first two acts of the comedy?(Characteristics of the postmaster)

What is the feeling everyone is waiting for the auditor?(Feeling of fear.)

Why is everyone afraid of the auditor's arrival?(Things in the city are going very badly, everyone has “sins”, everyone is afraid of punishment, retribution for their sins.)

What are the officials led by the mayor doing to protect themselves? (All efforts are directed not to a real correction of the shortcomings and omissions with which the life of the city is full, but to a kind of varnishing of reality. The mayor and officials only try their best to hide them, to splurge.)

When is mutual understanding established between the mayor and Khlestakov?
(When the mayor gave Khlestakov money "on loan." Everyone got what he wanted: Khlestakov - money, the mayor - the hope that his activities would remain without complaints and he would get away with everything).

I think that by the details of the portrait, the peculiarities of speech, by some actions it is easy to recognize a person, it is impossible to confuse him with another because of his individuality and uniqueness.

Literary dictation "Know the hero!"

Stupid as a gray gelding. (Khlestakov about mayor ).

Ran through with onions.(Khlestakov about Luka Lukich Khlopov, superintendent of schools).

Pig in a yarmulke(Khlestakov about Strawberry).

In the strongest degree mauvais ton. (Khlestakov about Judge Lyapkin-Tyapkin).

No, more of a chantret, and eyes as fast as animals, they even lead to embarrassment.(Dobchinsky about Khlestakov).

Profited expensive money, my dear, now he sits and twisted his tail, and does not get excited.(Osip about Khlestakov).

City gossips, damned liars, short-tailed magpies, damned rattlers. (Gorodnichy about Dobchinsky and Bobchinsky).

Yes, to say ... so as not to give free rein to his fists; for the sake of order, he puts lanterns under the eyes of everyone: both the right one and the guilty one. (Gorodnichiy about Derzhimorda).

As a child, his mother hurt him, and since then he gives off a little vodka.(Ammos Fedorovich Lyapkin-Tyapkin about the assessor of the county court).

That's who the generalship is like a saddle for a cow.(Judge Lyapkin-Tyapkin about the mayor).

Check yourself! (mutual check)

4. Study new topic

Teacher

Folk wisdom says: "Fear has big eyes." In a state of fear, a person can take one thing for another. This is exactly what happened in the nameless city presented in the comedy The Inspector General. Khlestakov, who at that moment was living in a hotel in the city, was mistaken for "incognito". Who helped this delusion?

("The city gossips Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky helped" in this. ("The real auditor is already in the city, and two weeks more")

How did Khlestakov end up in a hotel in this city? Who is Khlestakov really?(Characterization of Khlestakov Khlestakov appears as an insignificant and worthless person.)

Today in the lesson, I suggest you stop near the portrait of the main character of the comedy N.V. Gogol's "Inspector General" Ivan Alexandrovich Khlestakov, to identify his positive and negative sides and try to explain the reason for the strange transformation of the wicked little boy into a dignitary, into a general's person. The immortal text of the comedy, the work of our groups and the denotation graph that we will construct throughout our lesson will help us with this (the class is divided into 2 groups: CRITICS and LITERATORS)

So, get acquainted: “Ivan Alexandrovich Khlestakov from St. Petersburg”!

The first full characterization of Ivan Alexandrovich Khlestakov is given by his servant Osip. Who, no matter how servant, knows everything about the master. Therefore, he has a word. And Osip will representgroup 1 (writers). Listen carefully to Osip's monologue, note the positive and negative in Khlestakov.

OSIP'S MONOLOGUE

What positive and negative properties of Khlestakov does Osip speak about?

In notebooks you write down positive and negative traits Khlestakov's character

Group 2 critics (“+”: “get tickets to the keyatr every day”;

“-”: “find money, sits and tucked his tail, does not get excited; revels on father's money; sells everything to the last shirt; does not do business; walks around the prefecture”, plays cards; does not pay in the tavern, lack of independence, dependence on the father).

It was Khlestakov, represented by the servant Osip.

And how is the character of Khlestakov revealed in his behavior, speech, gestures, facial expressions in the tavern?

2. To answer this question, let's listengroup 1. Them given a creative task: to write a mise-en-scene “Khlestakov in the tavern” (mise-en-scene - aboutone of the most important means of figuratively revealing the inner content of the play)

Group 1 .On the main street of the county town there is a building with huge letters “Traktir”. It was here that Ivan Alexandrovich Khlestakov, an official from St. Petersburg, settled two weeks ago.

He was given a dark low room, so that when you enter it, you need to bend your head. In the middle of the room there is a small round table without a tablecloth: traces of the life of former guests are visible on it: stains from soup, wine, ink. In the corner of the room, under the stairs, there is a rickety bed. It's dark in the room.

Khlestakov enters, a young man of 23-24 years old, dressed in fashion: a black tailcoat, tight trousers, a chic bow adorns his neck, a top hat and a cane in his hands. On the face - longing, boredom, in hungry eyes - a great desire to eat. Without taking off his shoes, he lays down on the bed. He cannot lie down for a long time, because the feeling of hunger does not give him rest. He jumps up, walks around the room, tightens his lips in various ways, and finally says in a loud and resolute voice: “Hey, Osip!”. But Khlestakov is so humiliated by the lack of money and the fear of being on the street, he is so tormented by hunger that he is no longer capable of a timid request: “You go there ...”. Khlestakov sees that Osip does not want to go anywhere, and then he has no choice but to beg the servant, so his voice sounds quiet and not at all decisive. Here we understand that the servant becomes the master of the situation, that the master is under his heel! But how Khlestakov transforms when a servant enters his room with plates and napkins. His voice again sounded loud and resolute, he jumps for joy in his chair, his speech is full of exclamatory sentences. Now, more and more often, it is not a request, not a plea, but “fool!”, “Rogue!”, “scoundrels, loafers!” addressed to the servant.

- What “+” and “-” Khlestakov are reflected in this work?

Critics. (“+”: young man aged 23-24, dressed in fashion;

“-”: cowardly, arrogant, impudent, rude to a servant).

TEACHER. Most of all, a person reveals himself in action, in deeds. Therefore, the climax in the disclosure of the image of Khlestakov is the speech and actions of Khlestakov in the mayor's house.

MONOLOGUE OF KHLESTAKOV

Determine the advantages and disadvantages of Khlestakov in this situation.

(“+”: familiar with Russian and foreign literature, knows how to captivate listeners;

“-”: exaggerates, composes, lies about his life and service in the capital; invents lies).

What do you think, what action sounds like a hymn to Khlestakov and why?

(D. IV, yavl. 3-7) When the hero, having entered the role of the governor general, takes bribes, or, as he says, on loan)

What are the positive and negative sides of the hero show up in this scene?

(“+”: Khlestakov understood the essence of all officials; “-”: he borrows, knowing that he will never give back, that is, he takes bribes).

TEACHER According to Khlestakov, he is the author of many works. What does this set say?(Khlestakov heard the names of the authors and the titles of the works, but does not even know what they are talking about: operas, prose, drama, and a literary magazine are in the same row. He does not hesitate to appropriate other people's works. ).
TEACHER What assessment do officials give to Khlestakov? Back it up with comedy("That's what a man means!")

TEACHER . The portrait of Khlestakov would not be complete if we did not talk about his attitude towards a woman.The second group (a group of critics) the task was given - on behalf of Khlestakov to tell about Anna Andreevna and Marya Antonovna.

Critics. Now I live in the mayor’s house, I live, I drag myself recklessly after his wife and daughter, I just haven’t decided where to start with - I think, first of all, with my mother, because it seems that she is now ready for all services. She is not bad and even appetizing, but a coquette and windy. He changes clothes four times a day, melts from my compliments and stories about St. Petersburg. When I declared my love to her, it seems that I outdid myself. And it made no difference to me who to say these words - Anna Andreevna or Marya Antonovna.

The mayor's daughter is a complete fool, she asked me to write poems for her in an album, she fell head over heels in love with me, I told her beautiful words about her handkerchief, neck, lips, and she believed in my love. It's good that she didn't get jealous of her mother.

- What qualities of Khlestakov did you discover for yourself?

(“+”: women like it;

"-": dragging after Anna Andreevna and Marya Antonovna; cynical, frivolous attitude towards women).

TEACHER It seems to me that another comedy hero could characterize Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov and complete our portrait. This is his friend Tryapichkin. This hero was not introduced by Gogol into comedy. But we will give him the floor.group of writers task was givencompose an answer Tryapichkin to Khlestakov's letter.

Group of writers

Dear sir, Ivan Alexandrovich!

I have received your sweet and frank letter. After reading it, I mentally hugged you and kissed you, and then laughed. What greatness, simplicity and what charm of thought - you are the governor-general! You certainly made an impression on everyone, despite the difference in tastes and opinions. I will also tell you that P. ... was amazed and recognized your letter as the decisively best Russian anecdote. I dare say that you have always been not averse to showing off, having a good time, living in a big way. But there, in the wilderness, to which “even if you ride for three years, you won’t make it”, you have surpassed yourself. I confess that I considered you even more successful in the field of women than myself. But even I could not imagine that you were dragging right behind your mother and daughter. As for the mayor and others, here, in St. Petersburg, there are quite a few of them. I almost died of laughter reading your remarks about these people. The original is scary. But I remember that even here you accurately understood the essence of your superiors.

I’ll tell you about myself in general, the owner of the local apartment still tolerates me, but I don’t have money, I’m thinking of writing an article about your mayor.

If you write to me now, then address as before, but if you find a lazy disposition in the countryside and within five days you are not going to write, you will undertake this much later, then address already to Gorokhovaya.

Then I remain all your Tryapichkin.

What are the new qualities of Khlestakov reveals his friend Tryapichkin?

(“+”: good with people “-”: lazy)

Conclusion:

As a result of our work in the lesson, we constructed a denotative graph of the concept “Khlestakov ”, i.e. compiled a verbal portrait, a “passport” of this hero using keywords.

Let's repeat the negative and positive features character

Denotative count Khlestakov I.A.

Positive.

negative

“get tickets to the keyatr every day”;

young man aged 23-24;

dressed in fashion;

familiar with Russian and foreign literature;

knows how to captivate listeners;

like women;

understands people.

1. “find money”;

2. “sitting and turning his tail up, not getting excited”;

3. “freaking out on father’s money”;

4. “sells everything down to the last shirt”;

5. “does not do business”;

6. “walks around the prefecture”;

7. does not pay in a tavern;

8. cowardly;

9. arrogant, insolent, rude to a servant;

10. exaggerates, composes, lies about his life and service in the capital;

11. invents fables;

12. takes bribes;

13. drags after Anna Andreevna and Marya Antonovna, does not take women seriously;

14. lazy.

TEACHER N. V. Gogol, creating a portrait of society and showing the imperfection of a person deprived of moral law, finds a new type of dramatic conflict.The officials themselves are deceiving themselves, literally imposing the role of a significant person on Khlestakov, forcing him to play it.The illogicality of their thinking( something that cannot be justified logically, contrary to logic.) and the ever-increasing fear, overshadowing the mind, is forced to take "icicle, rag", "helicopter dust" for the auditor. Heroes, courting Khlestakov in every possible way,rush to nowhere, in pursuit of emptiness, a mirage. It is this circumstance that makes us speak of a "mirage intrigue",which turns the situation of delusion in The Inspector General.

Pay attention to the terms. Try to explain the meaning of the words written on the board:

mirage, intrigue, hyperbole, grotesque (dictionary work)

mirage - a deceptive ghost of something

intrigue - the development of the main action in the work, Intrigues, covert actions, usually unseemly, to achieve something.

fiction - a type of fiction, which is characterized by: a high degree of conventionality, violation of norms. This is a picture of a strange, implausible

hyperbole - exaggeration

grotesque - artistic technique, which is based on a strange combination of reality and mysticism, beauty and nightmare,horror and comedy.

Give examples confirming the use of the above mentioned means by the author.

STUDENT 1 . Indeed, in the "Inspector" a lot is built on exaggeration:

fantastically exaggerated not only Khlestakov's stupidity, but also the universal human desire to appear at least a little better, higher than it really is;

STUDENT 2 The situation of delusion is comically exaggerated.

STUDENT 3 The action in the episode of Khlestakov's lies develops with ever-increasing energy. On the one hand, Ivan Alexandrovich's stories are gradually losing all credibility; on the other hand, everyone becomes more and more frightened by the hero's speech.

TEACHER Their experiences are expressively conveyed by remarks. Give examples (students give examples).

The mayor and others shyly get up from their chairs

The mayor and others are shaking with fear

The mayor, shaking with his whole body, is trying to utter

TEACHER What do we conclude?

STUDENT Fear became almost panic. After the shock experienced by the officials, it never occurs to them to doubt the reality of Khlestakov's power. Therefore, we consider this episode a decisive moment in the development of the action, the most acute manifestation of the conflict - comedy climax.

TEACHER Khlestakov is not just stupid, but "ideally" stupid. After all, it does not immediately occur to him why he is so received in this city.

For a few minutes in the scene of Khlestakov's liesthe mirage grows to incredible proportions. In the eyes of officials, Khlestakov makes a dizzying career.

5. Consolidation of knowledge

Related work « Formation of the concept of "mirage intrigue".

TEACHER What soil made it possible to unfold the "mirage intrigue".

What is the beginning of the comedy? (The auditor is coming to us)

TEACHER We have already explained the reasons for the officials' fear and realized that things are not going well in all spheres of city life. This soil makes it possible to unfold the "mirage intrigue", since everyone is afraid of punishment.It is fear that is the internal engine of the plot of the play. .

The main bearer of this intrigue is Khlestakov; when Khlestakov appears, the mirage materializes.

I am a general, I am the commander in chief, I am everywhere, everywhere, everywhere ... But why is he in charge?

TEACHER What is the comic of the scenes of Khlestakov's reception by city officials?

STUDENT Trembling with fear of the significance of Khlestakov's position and rank suddenly revealed to them, they admire him.

TEACHER So what do you think is the "mirage intrigue"?

STUDENT The concept of "mirage intrigue" lies in the transformation of Khlestakov into a significant person, that is, in filling the void with fictional content.

TEACHER Gogol laughs not only over the fact that the Elistratishka was mistaken for a field marshal, but over the fact thatdummy was taken as the ideal of man .

TEACHER Do we understand that Khlestakov is lying?

STUDENT(Yes, Khlestakov constantly makes reservations.)

TEACHER Let's remember who Khlestakov appears to be?

The head of the department is with me on a friendly footing;

They wanted to make me a collegiate assessor;

Once they took me for the commander-in-chief;

I am already known everywhere;

I know pretty actresses;

With Pushkin on a friendly footing;

There are many of my works;

I have the first house in St. Petersburg;

I give balls (“a watermelon for seven hundred rubles”, “soup in a saucepan from Paris.”)

On the packages they write: "Your Excellency";

Managed a department once;

The state council itself is afraid of me;

I go to the palace every day;

Tomorrow they will be promoted to field march ...

TEACHER Why does everyone believe Khlestakov?

1.Fear rules them.

2) All officials aspire to high ranks. Khlestakov names various high ranks. The height of the rank overshadows any human qualities for them.

3) Khlestakov lies sincerely. Khlestakov skillfully deceived the officials because he was not going to deceive them. He does not play the auditor. Everything was done for him.

TEACHER In front of officials, Khlestakov makes a dizzying career. Gogol uses exaggeration in this scene, brought to incredible proportions, absurdity. What is the name of this artistic technique. ( GROTESQUE Notebook entry.)

TEACHER Who provokes Khlestakov to lie, his exploits? (The officials themselves fuel his fantasy.)

TEACHER Why is Khlestakov lying? (He doesn’t like his own life, so he invents another life on the go.)

TEACHER Gogol wrote:“Khlestakov’s sincerity deceived the mayor”, “Khlestakov does not cheat at all, he is not a liar by trade. He himself will forget that he is lying, and already he himself almost believes what he says.")

CONCLUSION

TEACHER Gogol managed to create an image close to life. Remember Khlestakov's phrase! “I am everywhere, I am everywhere”

Khlestakov lives among us and in many of us. Gogol created typical image, which in literature (and in life) received a common name"Khlestakovshchina".

How do you understand what "Khlestakovism" is?

STUDENT I believe that Khlestakovism is arrogant boasting, shameless lies, frivolity, frivolity.

TEACHER Are there Khlestakovs among us?

(In our time, there are also Khlestakovs - boastful, frivolous, deceitful people).

TEACHER We have defined the keywords for the denotation graph. Let's compose senkan using keywords. (student works at the blackboard)

Keyword indicated

Khlestakov

frivolous, despised ( insignificant, empty)
boasted, lied, took, begged, requested(accepted)
incapable of conscious, thoughtful lies (the most vivid image of a comedy)

False auditor(dummy, wick)

6 . Summary of the lesson.

Passing the microphone

today I found out...

it was difficult…

I realized that...

I learned…

I was able...

It was interesting to know that...

surprised me...

I wanted…

7. Homework repeat literary terms which we used today during the lesson

prepare oral composition on the topic: “Ivan Alexandrovich Khlestakov - an official from St. Petersburg”, in which, using the denotation graph, you will not only tell about Khlestakov, but also inExpress your attitude towards the character.

Make a quotation plan for Khlestakov's characterization

8. Evaluation

The basis of Gogol's "Inspector General" is not a love affair, not a desire to get a favorable position, rank; the dramatic situation of the work is formed by "the most horror, the fear of expectation, the storm of the law ahead" taking over the officials. The plot of the play consists in the very first phrase of Gorodnichiy (“I invited you, gentlemen ...”), and from that moment fear begins to bind the heroes and grows from action to action. Because of this, many comic situations arise, we see what morals reign in the city, what officials are goats, and so on. However, in comedy no hero-ideologist, like Chatsky, there is no hero deliberately leading everyone by the nose. Officials, overwhelmed by fear, obscuring the mind, impose on Khlestakov the role of a significant person, take "icicle", "rag" for the auditor. Heroes rush into nowhere, behind the void, behind the mirage. That's why Yuri Mann called the intrigue in the "Inspector" "mirage intrigue".

It begins with the story of Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky about how Khlestakov looked into their trinkets and that he is the auditor. The mirage materializes with the appearance of Khlestakov. Without this hero, there would be no "mirage intrigue". After all, it consists in turning him into a statesman - that is, filling a complete void with fictional content. This is due not only to the fear of officials, but also to the qualities of Khlestakov: he is absolutely stupid. The words come out of his mouth "completely unexpectedly", he is "without a king in his head." It does not immediately dawn on him why he is so warmly received in the city (and he still does not understand that he was mistaken for an auditor, even at the end). Khlestakov simply plays the roles that officials impose on him. At the first meeting with the Governor, Khlestakov tells the truth about his plight, about the prison, where he does not want to go, only the Governor himself does not want to perceive this truth. Later Khlestakov never consciously and deliberately pretends to be an auditor but - everything is done for him, even the central scene of lies is not led by him at all, as it might seem at first. In the scene of lies, the mirage grows to an incredible size. His exaggerations, by the way, characterize the poverty of nature: they are purely quantitative. Actually, I somehow don’t really want to call everything Khlestakov utters a lie, because behind the lies there is always the presence of a certain goal that I really want to achieve. Khlestakov does not have this goal. It is also impossible in the full sense to call the offerings in cash and in kind, which Khlestakov takes in act 4, bribes. Khlestakov simply does not understand that these are bribes, since he already knows his position for sure and cannot even imagine that everything given to him is given for a specific purpose. What is happening is perceived by him as another manifestation of the sweet customs of this wonderful city, inhabited by extremely pleasant and courteous people. It is characteristic that Gogol himself insistently emphasized that Khlestakov should not be perceived as a traditional comedic rogue, a swindler, since there is no deliberate intent in his behavior; it is no coincidence that he also compared Khlestakov with a piece of wood caught in a whirlpool.

Behind all the action, all the intrigue, this big zero is felt, put in the position of one, familiar to the characters and the audience. Gogol deliberately puts at the center of the play a hero who is unaware of the position he is in and does not try to benefit from this position. It is not the hero who leads the action, but the action leads the hero, so it is very conditional, but it can be succinctly indicated main feature constructing comedy. This is the originality of Gogol's development of a walking story about an imaginary auditor and the essence of the concept of a mirage intrigue.

35. Dead souls of N.V. Gogol: features of the genre and composition / vol. 1.2/

In 1835, Pushkin gave Gogol the plot "M.d." But it was only a starting point, an idea, nothing more. In the mid-1930s, he wrote to Pogodin: "I don't write stories anymore." When Gogol began work on the work, he said: "This will be my first decent thing." He calls his previous works pen trials.

Gogol says that "M.d." Not a story, not a novel. This is work for posterity. "Pushkin's time has passed, writers have a different task ... the battle for our souls." He wants " show Russia at least from one side".

That is, Gogol is looking for a plot that would make it possible to wide scope of reality. This opportunity was opened travel plot. Therefore the motive roads, ways turns out to be the theme of the poem. The plot of the journey makes it possible for Gogol to create a gallery of images of landowners.

The composition in the work is quite clear. The two main places of action are the city of NN and the surrounding estates. The chapters about Chichikov's stay in the provincial town are "torn apart" by his trip. But the events of the final chapters, as in a mirror, reflect the events of the first chapter (at the beginning, Chichikov does not make any impression; at the end, he is almost called Napoleon).

In the first volume, only dead souls appear before us. The question of social relations in bureaucratic, landlord Russia. The landlords occupy 5 chapters out of 11. The second social stratum is the bureaucracy (especially the 7th chapter), provincial and metropolitan officials; the story of Captain Kopeikin. Moreover, if separate chapters are devoted to the landlords, then among the officials Gogol does not find anyone worthy of devoting a separate chapter to him.

There are several opinions about why the landlords are presented in this and not another order:

1. Herzen believes that they are distributed according to the degree of decreasing humanity in a person.

2. There is an opinion that, on the contrary, the landowners are arranged in ascending order in the work: the lower a person fell, the more chances to be reborn.

3. Chess distribution: a struggle of two types - from the ownerless Nozdryov to the economic Korobochka, from Nozdryov to Sobakevich. Plyushkin's thriftiness at the same time leads to avarice, vice, mismanagement.

The genre of the work is ambiguous. Can it be considered a novel - that is, a great epic work, to which the narrative is focused on the fate of an individual and its interaction with the world? No, because before us is not a picaresque novel, not a story about Chichikov's failures and successes; Chichikov's adventures are only the way to solve Gogol's main task - to show all of Russia in numerous images, situations, heroes.

"M.d." can rightly be called poem. It is poetic, musical, it has an expressive language, saturated with images, metaphors. And most importantly, it contains Author and his constant digressions, which helped to raise issues in the work that cannot be resolved at the level of the plot. (Read the ticket about digressions). Also in the work, detailed comparisons, comments by the author, small remarks scattered throughout the poem are frequent. All reality passes through the prism of the author's consciousness. In the poem, as it were, two objects of the image - external world, reality and inner world personality (which is typical of lyrics). Your own life path the author connects with the fate of Russia.

Volume One

The proposed history, as will become clear from what follows, took place somewhat shortly after the "glorious expulsion of the French." Collegiate councilor Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov arrives in the provincial town of NN (he is not old and not too young, not fat and not thin, rather pleasant and somewhat rounded in appearance) and settles in a hotel. He makes a lot of questions to the tavern servant - both regarding the owner and income of the tavern, and revealing the solidity of it: about city officials, the most significant landowners, asks about the state of the region and whether there were "what diseases in their province, epidemic fevers" and other similar adversity.

Having gone on visits, the visitor discovers extraordinary activity (visiting everyone, from the governor to the inspector of the medical board) and courtesy, for he knows how to say something pleasant to everyone. About himself, he speaks somehow vaguely (that he “experienced a lot in his lifetime, endured in the service for the truth, had many enemies who even attempted on his life,” and now he is looking for a place to live). At the governor's house party, he manages to gain general favor and, among other things, make acquaintance with the landowners Manilov and Sobakevich. In the days that followed, he dined with the chief of police (where he met the landowner Nozdryov), visited the chairman of the chamber and the vice-governor, the farmer and the prosecutor, and went to the Manilov estate (which, however, was preceded by a fair author's digression, where, justified by love for detail, the author certifies in detail Petrushka, the visitor's servant: his passion for "the process of reading itself" and the ability to carry with him a special smell, "responding somewhat to residential peace").

Having traveled, against the promise, not fifteen, but all thirty miles, Chichikov finds himself in Manilovka, in the arms of an affectionate master. Manilov's house, standing on a jig, surrounded by several English-style flower beds and a gazebo with the inscription "Temple of Solitary Reflection", could characterize the owner, who was "neither this nor that", not weighed down by any passions, only unnecessarily cloying. After Manilov's confessions that Chichikov's visit was "a May day, a name day of the heart", and a dinner in the company of the hostess and two sons, Themistoclus and Alkid, Chichikov discovers the reason for his arrival: he would like to acquire peasants who have died, but have not yet been declared as such in the revision help, having issued everything legally, as if on the living (“the law - I am dumb before the law”). The first fright and bewilderment are replaced by the perfect disposition of the kind host, and, having made a deal, Chichikov leaves for Sobakevich, and Manilov indulges in dreams of Chichikov's life in the neighborhood across the river, of the construction of a bridge, of a house with such a belvedere that Moscow is visible from there, and of their friendship, having learned about which the sovereign would grant them generals. Chichikov's coachman, Selifan, who was much treated kindly by Manilov's yard people, in conversations with his horses, desired turn and, at the sound of a downpour, he overturns the master in the mud. In the dark, they find lodging for the night at Nastasya Petrovna Korobochka, a somewhat timid landowner, with whom Chichikov also begins to trade dead souls in the morning. Explaining that he himself would now pay taxes for them, cursing the old woman’s stupidity, promising to buy both hemp and lard, but another time, Chichikov buys souls from her for fifteen rubles, receives a detailed list of them (in which Pyotr Savelyev is especially struck by Disrespect -Trough) and, having eaten an unleavened egg pie, pancakes, pies and other things, departs, leaving the hostess in great concern as to whether she had sold too cheap.

Having driven out onto the main road to the tavern, Chichikov stops for a bite to eat, which the author provides with a lengthy discourse on the properties of the appetite of middle-class gentlemen. Here Nozdryov meets him, returning from the fair in the britzka of his son-in-law Mizhuev, for he lost everything with his horses and even the watch chain. Describing the charms of the fair, the drinking qualities of dragoon officers, a certain Kuvshinnikov, a great lover of "to use about strawberries" and, finally, presenting a puppy, "a real face", Nozdryov takes Chichikov (thinking to get hold of here too) to himself, taking away his son-in-law, who is resisting. Having described Nozdryov, “in some respects a historical person” (for wherever he was, there was history), his possessions, the unpretentiousness of dinner with an abundance, however, drinks of dubious quality, the author sends his son-in-law to his wife (Nozdryov admonishes him with abuse and a word “fetyuk”), and Chichikova is forced to turn to her subject; but he can neither beg nor buy souls: Nozdryov offers to exchange them, take them in addition to the stallion or make a bet in a card game, finally scolds, quarrels, and they part for the night. Persuasion resumes in the morning, and, having agreed to play checkers, Chichikov notices that Nozdryov is shamelessly cheating. Chichikov, whom the owner and the servants are already trying to beat, manages to escape in view of the appearance of the police captain, who announces that Nozdryov is on trial. On the road, Chichikov's carriage collides with a certain carriage, and while the onlookers who come running are breeding tangled horses, Chichikov admires the sixteen-year-old young lady, indulges in reasoning about her and dreams of family life. A visit to Sobakevich in his strong, like himself, estate is accompanied by a thorough dinner, a discussion of city officials, who, according to the owner, are all swindlers (one prosecutor is a decent person, “and even that one, to tell the truth, is a pig”), and is crowned with an interesting guest deal. Not at all frightened by the strangeness of the object, Sobakevich bargains, characterizes the favorable qualities of each serf, provides Chichikov with a detailed list and forces him to give a deposit.

Chichikov's path to the neighboring landowner Plyushkin, mentioned by Sobakevich, is interrupted by a conversation with a peasant who gave Plyushkin an apt, but not too printed nickname, and by the author's lyrical reflection on his former love for unfamiliar places and the indifference that has now appeared. Plyushkin, this "hole in humanity", Chichikov at first takes for a housekeeper or a beggar, whose place is on the porch. His most important feature is his amazing stinginess, and he even carries the old sole of his boot into a heap heaped in the master's chambers. Having shown the profitability of his proposal (namely, that he would take over the taxes for the dead and runaway peasants), Chichikov fully succeeds in his enterprise and, refusing tea with cracker, provided with a letter to the chairman of the chamber, departs in the most cheerful mood.

While Chichikov is sleeping in the hotel, the author reflects with sadness on the meanness of the objects he paints. Meanwhile, pleased Chichikov, waking up, composes merchant's fortresses, studies the lists of acquired peasants, reflects on their alleged fate, and finally goes to the civil chamber in order to conclude the case as soon as possible. Manilov, met at the gates of the hotel, accompanies him. Then follows a description of the official place, Chichikov's first ordeals and a bribe to a certain jug snout, until he enters the chairman's apartment, where, by the way, he also finds Sobakevich. The chairman agrees to be Plyushkin's attorney, and at the same time speeds up other transactions. The acquisition of Chichikov is discussed, with land or for withdrawal he bought peasants and in what places. Having found out that they were sent to the Kherson province, having discussed the properties of the sold peasants (here the chairman remembered that the coachman Mikheev seemed to have died, but Sobakevich assured that he was still alive and "has become healthier than before"), they finish with champagne, go to the chief of police, "father and a philanthropist in the city” (whose habits are immediately outlined), where they drink to the health of the new Kherson landowner, become completely excited, force Chichikov to stay and attempt to marry him.

Chichikov's purchases make a splash in the city, a rumor is circulating that he is a millionaire. Ladies are crazy about him. Several times trying to describe the ladies, the author becomes shy and retreats. On the eve of the governor's ball, Chichikov even receives a love letter, though unsigned. Having used, as usual, a lot of time on the toilet and being pleased with the result, Chichikov goes to the ball, where he passes from one embrace to another. The ladies, among whom he is trying to find the sender of the letter, even quarrel, challenging his attention. But when the governor's wife approaches him, he forgets everything, because she is accompanied by her daughter ("Institute, just graduated"), a sixteen-year-old blonde, whose carriage he encountered on the road. He loses the favor of the ladies, because he starts a conversation with a fascinating blonde, scandalously neglecting the rest. To complete the trouble, Nozdryov appears and loudly asks if Chichikov has bought a lot of the dead. And although Nozdryov is obviously drunk and the embarrassed society is gradually distracted, Chichikov is not given a whist or the subsequent dinner, and he leaves upset.

At this time, a chariot with the landowner Korobochka enters the city, whose growing anxiety forced her to come in order to find out, nevertheless, at what price dead souls. The next morning, this news becomes the property of a certain pleasant lady, and she hurries to tell it to another, pleasant in all respects, the story is overgrown with amazing details (Chichikov, armed to the teeth, bursts into Korobochka at dead midnight, demands the souls who have died, inspires terrible fear - “ the whole village has come running, the children are crying, everyone is screaming. Her friend concludes from the fact that the dead souls are only a cover, and Chichikov wants to take away the governor's daughter. After discussing the details of this enterprise, the undoubted participation of Nozdryov in it and the qualities of the governor's daughter, both ladies dedicate the prosecutor to everything and set off to rebel the city.

In a short time, the city seethes, to which is added the news about the appointment of a new governor-general, as well as information about the papers received: about the fake banknote maker who showed up in the province, and about the robber who fled from legal persecution. Trying to understand who Chichikov is, they recall that he was certified very vaguely and even spoke about those who attempted on his life. The postmaster’s statement that Chichikov, in his opinion, is Captain Kopeikin, who took up arms against the injustice of the world and became a robber, is rejected, since it follows from the entertaining postmaster’s story that the captain is missing an arm and leg, and Chichikov is whole. An assumption arises whether Chichikov is Napoleon in disguise, and many begin to find a certain similarity, especially in profile. Inquiries from Korobochka, Manilov and Sobakevich do not produce results, and Nozdryov only multiplies the confusion, announcing that Chichikov is definitely a spy, a fake banknote maker and had an undoubted intention to take away the governor's daughter, in which Nozdryov undertook to help him (each of the versions was accompanied by detailed details up to the name priest who took up the wedding). All these rumors have a tremendous effect on the prosecutor, he has a stroke, and he dies.

Chichikov himself, sitting in the hotel with a slight cold, is surprised that none of the officials visits him. Finally, having gone on visits, he discovers that they do not receive him at the governor's, and in other places they fearfully shun him. Nozdryov, visiting him at the hotel, among the general noise he made, partly clarifies the situation by announcing that he agrees to hasten the kidnapping of the governor's daughter. The next day, Chichikov hurriedly leaves, but is stopped by a funeral procession and forced to contemplate the whole world of bureaucracy flowing behind the coffin of the prosecutor Brichka leaves the city, and the open spaces on both sides of it evoke sad and encouraging thoughts about Russia, the road, and then only sad about their chosen hero. Concluding that it is time for the virtuous hero to give rest, and, on the contrary, to hide the scoundrel, the author sets out the life story of Pavel Ivanovich, his childhood, training in classes where he already showed a practical mind, his relationship with his comrades and teacher, his service later in the state chamber, some kind of commission for the construction of a government building, where for the first time he gave vent to some of his weaknesses, his subsequent departure to other, not so profitable places, transfer to the customs service, where, showing honesty and incorruptibility almost unnatural, he made a lot of money in collusion with smugglers, went bankrupt, but dodged the criminal court, although he was forced to resign. He became a confidant, and during the fuss about the pledge of the peasants, he put together a plan in his head, began to go around the expanses of Russia, in order to buy dead souls and put them in the treasury as living, get money, buy, perhaps, a village and provide future offspring.

Having again complained about the properties of his hero’s nature and partly justified him, having found him the name of “owner, acquirer”, the author is distracted by the urged running of horses, the similarity of the flying troika with rushing Russia and the ringing of a bell completes the first volume.

Volume two

It opens with a description of the nature that makes up the estate of Andrei Ivanovich Tentetnikov, whom the author calls "the smoker of the sky." The story of the stupidity of his pastime is followed by the story of a life inspired by hopes at the very beginning, overshadowed by the pettiness of service and troubles afterwards; he retires, intending to improve the estate, reads books, takes care of the peasant, but without experience, sometimes just human, this does not give the expected results, the peasant is idle, Tentetnikov gives up. He breaks off acquaintances with his neighbors, offended by the treatment of General Betrishchev, stops visiting him, although he cannot forget his daughter Ulinka. In a word, without someone who would tell him an invigorating “forward!”, He completely turns sour.

Chichikov comes to him, apologizing for a breakdown in the carriage, curiosity and a desire to pay respect. Having won the favor of the owner amazing ability his ability to adapt to anyone, Chichikov, after living with him a little, goes to the general, to whom he spins a story about a quarrelsome uncle and, as usual, begs for the dead. On the laughing general, the poem fails, and we find Chichikov heading towards Colonel Koshkarev. Against expectation, he gets to Pyotr Petrovich Petukh, whom at first he finds completely naked, carried away by the hunt for sturgeon. At the Rooster, having nothing to get hold of, for the estate is mortgaged, he only overeats terribly, gets acquainted with the bored landowner Platonov and, having incited him to travel together in Russia, goes to Konstantin Fedorovich Kostanzhoglo, married to Platonov's sister. He talks about the ways of managing, by which he increased the income from the estate dozens of times, and Chichikov is terribly inspired.

Very promptly, he visits Colonel Koshkarev, who has divided his village into committees, expeditions and departments and has arranged a perfect paper production in the mortgaged estate, as it turns out. Returning, he listens to the curses of the bilious Costanjoglo to the factories and manufactories that corrupt the peasant, to the peasant's absurd desire to enlighten, and to his neighbor Khlobuev, who has run a hefty estate and is now lowering it for nothing. Having experienced tenderness and even a craving for honest work, after listening to the story of the farmer Murazov, who made forty millions in an impeccable way, Chichikov the next day, accompanied by Kostanzhoglo and Platonov, goes to Khlobuev, observes the unrest and debauchery of his household in the neighborhood of a governess for children, dressed in fashion wife and other traces of ridiculous luxury. Having borrowed money from Kostanzhoglo and Platonov, he gives a deposit for the estate, intending to buy it, and goes to the Platonov estate, where he meets his brother Vasily, who effectively manages the economy. Then he suddenly appears at their neighbor Lenitsyn, clearly a rogue, wins his sympathy with his skillfully tickling a child and receives dead souls.

After many seizures in the manuscript, Chichikov is found already in the city at a fair, where he buys fabric of a lingonberry color so dear to him with a spark. He runs into Khlobuev, whom, apparently, he cheated, either depriving him, or almost depriving him of his inheritance by some kind of forgery. Khlobuev, who missed him, is taken away by Murazov, who convinces Khlobuev of the need to work and determines for him to raise funds for the church. Meanwhile, denunciations against Chichikov are being discovered both about forgery and about dead souls. The tailor brings a new coat. Suddenly, a gendarme appears, dragging smart Chichikov to the governor-general, "angry as anger itself." Here all his atrocities become apparent, and he, kissing the general's boot, plunges into the prison. In a dark closet, tearing his hair and coat tails, mourning the loss of a box of papers, Murazov finds Chichikov, awakens in him with simple virtuous words the desire to live honestly and goes to soften the governor general. At that time, officials who want to harm their wise superiors and receive a bribe from Chichikov deliver a box to him, kidnap an important witness and write many denunciations in order to completely confuse the matter. Unrest breaks out in the province itself, greatly worrying the governor-general. However, Murazov knows how to feel the sensitive strings of his soul and give him the right advice, which the Governor-General, having released Chichikov, is already going to use, as "the manuscript breaks off."

Mirage Intrigue" in Gogol's comedy "The Inspector General" "The Inspector General" is a whole sea of ​​fear. Yu. Mann The main character of a dramatic creation is the center of the play. All other persons circulate around it, like planets around the Sun I. Kroneberg (quoted from J. Mann's book "Gogol's Poetics") I. Organizational Moment II. Work on the topic of the lesson 1. Explanation of the goals and objectives of the lesson 2. Work in notebooks. Record the topic of the lesson and epigraphs. 3. Teacher's word: What is the nature of Gogol's play? Is it possible to say that the comedy is fantastic in nature? 4. Dictionary work No. 1 1. Fiction (For example, he invents a brilliant fate for himself, fantastic changes in the external conditions of life) Hyperbole (a scene of lies - a watermelon 700 rubles, 35 thousand couriers + poverty Grotesque imagination in this most fantastic change). Mirage Intrigue 5.

Lecture: Gogol's auditor: the concept of a "mirage" intrigue. Khlestakov and Khlestakovism.

He lives in the moment of the present and acts as he was taught: you must respect the rank - he respects; he is asked about the charms of a luxurious life in St. Petersburg - he answers, becoming a minister and more important than a minister; offer him bribes, he takes them. Gogol himself, in his “Remarks for Gentlemen Actors,” gives the following advice to the artist performing Khlestakov: “The more the actor playing this role shows candor and simplicity, the more he will win.” A county town is an absurd world, a world of hypocrisy that clashes with the sincerity and simplicity of a St. Petersburg official.

Attention

Thus, Khlestakov, against his will, becomes the center of intrigue. But why was Ivan mistaken for an auditor? “I was so overcome with fear” - this is the first comment describing Khlestakov. It was the fear that seized the city before the arrival of the auditor that prepared the ground for deception.

Khlestakov - the concept of "mirage intrigue"

The basis of Gogol's "Inspector General" is not a love affair, not a desire to get a profitable place, a rank; the dramatic situation of the work is formed by “the very horror, the fear of expectation, the storm of the law ahead,” which seizes the officials. The plot of the play consists in the very first phrase of Gorodnichiy (“I invited you, gentlemen ...”), and from that moment fear begins to fetter the heroes and grows from action to action. Because of this, many comic situations arise, we see what morals reign in the city, what officials are goats, and so on.

At the same time, in comedy there is no hero-ideologist, such as Chatsky, there is no hero who deliberately leads everyone by the nose. Officials, overwhelmed by fear that obscures the mind, impose on Khlestakov the role of a significant person, take the “icicle”, “rag” for the auditor. Heroes rush into nowhere, behind the void, behind the mirage.

That is why Yuri Mann called the intrigue in The Inspector General "a mirage intrigue."

Mirage intrigue and the image of Khlestakov in the play "Inspector" (Gogol N.V.)

In the scene of Gorodnichego's first meeting with him, the latter loses all doubts about this. And why? After all, everything does not speak in favor of Khlestakov, and even the Governor notices this: “But what a nondescript, short one, it seems, he would crush him with a fingernail.” But Anton Antonovich does not attach any importance to his observations, and only reading the letter to the “soul of Ryapichka-nu” will reveal the truth to him.
The mirage intrigue lies in the transformation of Khlestakov into a significant person, into statesman, that is, in filling the complete emptiness with fictional content. Its development is due not only to the fear and illogical thinking of officials, but to certain qualities of Khlestakov himself. Gogol reveals the very moment of "mistakes". The fact that Khlestakov looked into the plate of Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky served as the basis for the mayor to take him for an auditor.

vi. summary of the topic of the lesson

Info

He said to the side”, “grabs his head”, “with disdain”, “teasing him”, “out loud” ... But it is surprising that Khlestakov, who simply does not need them, is the least of the author’s remarks: he has something on his mind, then in the language. But then, by what means does Gogol portray his favorite grotesque character? The main role here is played by Osip, Khlestakov's servant, who, lying on a master's bed, reveals to us the whole truth about his master, a card player and a rake, who needs to "show himself in every city" and be sure to squander all the money. An important role is also played by the speech of the St. Petersburg official, quick and abrupt: “But what really? I am like that! I won't look at anyone...

I tell everyone: “I know myself, myself. I am everywhere, everywhere…” After all, Khlestakov speaks and acts without any consideration: he is not able to stop constant attention on any thought.

Gogol's inspector: originality of intrigue. Khlestakov's image

But the whole point is that it is here that X ingenuously expresses the whole truth about himself. In the future, Khlestakov never consciously and deliberately plays the auditor out of himself - everything is done for him, even the central scene of lies is not led by him at all, as it might seem at first. In the scene of lies, the mirage grows to an incredible size.

Important

His exaggerations, by the way, characterize the poverty of nature: they are purely quantitative. Actually, I somehow don’t really want to call everything Khlestakov utters a lie, because behind the lies there is always the presence of a certain goal that I really want to achieve. Khlestakov does not have this goal. It is also impossible in the full sense to call the offerings in cash and in kind, which Khlestakov takes in act 4, bribes.

What is a mirage intrigue in the auditor

To do this, let us return to the first phrase of Gorodnichiy, uttered in the first phenomenon of the first act. The brilliant playwright managed to find such a phrase, which is in the full sense of the key, launching. Therefore, this phrase inspires fear in all officials, because things in the city where the play takes place are going very badly.
- Explain why the Governor, who “has been living in the service for thirty years”, whom “not a single merchant, not a single contractor could deceive”, who “deceived scammers over scammers, a rogue and such rogues that they are ready to rob the whole world”, who “ he deceived three governors, ”he himself was deceived at the expense of Khlestakov, in which“ there was simply not half a little finger similar to the auditor? Guys, we saw that from the beginning of the comedy, fear becomes a full-fledged participant in the play, which increases from action to action and will find its maximum expression in a silent scene.

Once, the poet and critic Apollon Alexandrovich Grigoriev spoke of the plot of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol's play The Government Inspector in this way: "This is a mirage intrigue." But what is a “mirage intrigue” and what does it mean in a play about a county town? In order to answer this question, we need to turn to the definitions of the words "mirage" and "intrigue". A mirage is an illusion, a phantom, a phantom generated by a game of the imagination.

Intrigue (from Latin “I confuse”) - covert actions using various unseemly means to achieve a goal. It turns out that the intriguer himself does not want to deceive anyone and may not even guess that he has become the culprit of the general deception? Exactly. The same thing happens with Ivan Alexandrovich Khlestakov, the hero of the play "The Inspector General", a young official who went to the Saratov province to his father.

Attempts to start a feverish dance again cause a terrible fury of the mountain king, the blows of the staff literally shake the entire underground kingdom, and silence ensues. IV The originality of the composition of the I and V acts of the comedy. The Inspector General begins with such a stroke of Gorodnichiy's phrase, after a moment of petrification everything comes into some kind of convulsive and feverish movement. Fear accelerates this movement, increases strength tenfold: “To be in time, to be in time, to be in time!” - but then the next blow: a message from Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky that the auditor is already here! Again, momentary stupor and confusion - again the energy of action, unprecedented in strength. Nothing can be done, and a lot needs to be done at the same time. Only now the point of application of forces has changed: not to put the city in order, but to "take an auditor."

What is a mirage intrigue in the comedy auditor

It begins with the story of Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky about how Khlestakov looked into their trinkets and that he is the auditor. The mirage materializes with the appearance of Khlestakov. Without this hero, there would be no “mirage intrigue”. After all, it consists in turning him into a statesman - that is, filling the complete emptiness with mental content.

Behind all the action, all the intrigue, this big zero is felt, put in the familiar position of one for the characters and spectators. Gogol deliberately puts at the center of the play a hero who is unaware of the position he is in and does not try to benefit from this position. It is not the hero who leads the action, but the action leads the hero - this is very conditional, but it is possible to succinctly indicate the main feature of the construction of the comedy.

This is the originality of Gogol's development of a walking story about an imaginary auditor and the essence of the concept of "mirage intrigue".