This creates an antithesis in the penultimate sentence. Antithesis as an artistic technique

ANTITHESIS

- (from the Greek anti - against and thesis - position) - opposition, creating the effect of a sharp contrast of images (for example, Bazarov and P.P. Kirsanov, Oblomov and Stolz), compositional (for example, A.S. Pushkin's "Village") or plot (for example, the alternation of "military" and "peaceful" episodes in L.N. Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace") elements of the work. Antonyms are often used to express A., for example: "War and Peace", "Crime and Punishment", "Thick and Thin", etc.

Dictionary of literary terms. 2012

What is antithesis in literature

Antithesis is such an artistic pictorial and expressive means that allows you to compare one object with another on the basis of opposition. Usually, as an artistic medium, it is very popular with many contemporary writers and poets. But even in the classics you can find a huge number of examples. As part of the antithesis can be opposed in meaning or in their properties:

Two characters. This most often happens in cases where a positive character is opposed to a negative one;
Two phenomena or objects;
Different qualities of the same object (viewing the object from several aspects);
The qualities of one object are opposed to the qualities of another object.

Lexical meaning of trope

The technique is very popular in literature, because it allows you to most clearly express the essence of specific subject through opposition. Usually, such oppositions always look lively and figuratively, so poetry and prose that use the antithesis are quite interesting to read. She is one of the most popular and famous means artistic expressiveness literary text, be it poetry or prose.

The technique was actively used by the classics of Russian literature, and modern poets and prose writers are no less actively using it. Most often, the antithesis underlies opposition of two heroes of a work of art, when positive hero opposed to negative. At the same time, their qualities are deliberately demonstrated in an exaggerated, sometimes grotesque form.

The skillful use of this artistic technique allows you to create a vivid, figurative description of the characters, objects or phenomena found in a particular work of art (novel, story, story, poem or fairy tale). It is often used in folklore works(fairy tales, epics, songs and other genres of oral folk art). At runtime literary analysis text, it is necessary to pay attention to the presence or absence of this technique in the work.

Where can I find examples of antithesis

Antithesis-examples from literature can be found almost everywhere, in a variety of genres. fiction starting from folk art (fairy tales, epics, tales, legends, etc. oral folklore) and ending with the works of contemporary poets and writers of the twenty-first century. In connection with its peculiarities of artistic expressiveness, the technique is most often found in the following genres of fiction:

Poems;
Stories:
Fairy tales and legends (folk and author's);
Novels and stories. In which there are long descriptions of objects, phenomena or characters.

Antithesis as an artistic technique

As a means of artistic expression, it is built on the opposition of one phenomenon to another. A writer who uses an antithesis in his work chooses the most character traits two characters (objects, phenomena) and tries to fully reveal them by opposing each other. The word itself, translated from ancient Greek, also means nothing more than “opposition”.

Active and appropriate use makes the literary text more expressive, lively, interesting, helps to most fully reveal the characters of the characters, the essence of specific phenomena or objects. This is the reason for the popularity of the antithesis in the Russian language and in Russian literature. However, in other European languages this means artistic imagery is also used very actively, especially in classical literature.

In order to find examples of antithesis during the analysis of a literary text, one must first of all examine those fragments of the text where two characters (phenomena, objects) are not considered in isolation, but are opposed to each other from different points of view. And then it will be quite easy to find a reception. Sometimes the whole meaning of the work is built on this artistic device. It should also be borne in mind that the antithesis can be explicit, but it may also be hidden, veiled.

Find the hidden antithesis in art literary text quite simple if you read and analyze the text thoughtfully, carefully. In order to teach how to correctly use the technique in your own literary text, you need to familiarize yourself with the most striking examples from Russian classical literature. However, it is not recommended to abuse it so that it does not lose its expressiveness.

Antithesis is one of the main means of artistic expression, widely used in the Russian language and in Russian literature. Reception can be easily found in many works of Russian classics. actively use it and contemporary writers. Antithesis enjoys well-deserved popularity, because it helps to most clearly express the essence of individual heroes, objects or phenomena by contrasting one hero (object, phenomenon) with another. Russian literature without this artistic device is almost unthinkable.

Material from the Uncyclopedia

Antithesis (from the Greek. ἀντίθεσις - opposition) - a comparison of contrasting or opposite images.

"Peace to huts, war to palaces." Artist M. Chagall.

In a broader sense, antithesis is understood as any comparison of opposite concepts, situations, or any other elements in literary work. These are the contrasts between Don Quixote and Sancho Panza in the novel "Don Quixote" by M. Cervantes, the jester and the main characters of W. Shakespeare, Olga and Tatyana in "Eugene Onegin" by A. S. Pushkin, the Uzh and the Falcon in the "Song of the Falcon" by M. Gorky, Makar Nagulnov and grandfather Shchukar in "Virgin Soil Upturned" by M. A. Sholokhov.

The emergence of antithesis goes back to those initial stages of the development of culture, when the primary perception of the world as a chaotic realm of chances was replaced by a certain ordering of ideas based on the principle of duality: sea - land, sky - earth, light - darkness, right - left, north - south, even - odd . The myths of many peoples of the world tell about the first creators of the Universe - twin rivals, and one of the brothers creates everything bright, good, useful, the other - everything dark, evil, hostile to man.

Different concepts or characters turn out to be dependent on the feature by which they are compared. hero fairy tale on the one hand, enemies like the Serpent Gorynych or Koshchei the Immortal (the antithesis is the hero - the enemy), on the other hand, are his brothers (the antithesis is the hero - the imaginary hero). The same opposition has a different meaning in different contexts. The opposition “white - black” in the Serbian song has one meaning: “The plowman’s hands are black, and the loaf is white”, where it is close to the Russian proverb: “Work is bitter, but bread is sweet”, and the other is at the beginning of the poem by A.A. Blok "The Twelve", asserting the purity and sanctity of the revolution: "Black Evening. / White snow".

Finally, the third meaning is expressed in V. V. Mayakovsky’s poem “Black and White” (writing in Russian letters of the English expression “Black and White” or “Black and White”): “White work / does white, / black work - / black” . Behind the opposition of the two colors in V. V. Mayakovsky is racial and at the same time class antagonism, which characterizes the internal troubles of outwardly prosperous America.

Usually antithetical concepts are expressed by words opposite in meaning - antonyms. These are the antithetical titles “Mozart and Salieri” (A. S. Pushkin), “Wolves and Sheep” (A. N. Ostrovsky), “Fathers and Sons” (I. S. Turgenev), “War and Peace” (L N. Tolstoy), "Crime and Punishment" (F. M. Dostoevsky), "Thick and Thin" (A. P. Chekhov), "The Living and the Dead" (K. M. Simonov), "Deceit and Love" (I. Fr. Schiller), "Red and Black" (Stendhal), "The Prince and the Pauper" (M. Twain), directly or indirectly pointing to the conflicts underlying these works.

Naturally, in fairy tales and fables - genres where the characteristics of the characters are clear and definite, often antithetical titles - antonyms: "Truth and falsehood", "Man and master" (tales), "Wolf and lamb", "Sheets and roots" ( fables by I. A. Krylov). Proverbs are often built on the antithesis (see Proverbs and sayings), for example: "Labor feeds, but laziness spoils." As a strong means of emotional impact, the antithesis is used in oratory, in slogans and appeals: "Peace to huts, war to palaces!" (the slogan of the French Revolution of 1789–1799).

It happens that the members of the opposition in the second part follow in the reverse order (compared to the first), as if crosswise, in the form of the letter χ (in the Greek alphabet - the letter hee, hence the name of this figure - chiasm(see Replay). Socrates is credited with an aphorism that combines chiasmus with repetition: "Eat to live, not live to eat."

Antithesis can extend to a whole dialogue, which, in turn, can unfold into an independent work. Such is the genre of debate (disputes). These are the Sumerian disputes created millennia ago: “summer and winter” or “silver and copper” (remember Pushkin’s “Gold and Bulat”), and the well-known to many peoples “Debate of the belly (life) and death”, which has repeatedly attracted the attention of painters, playwrights and poets, up to M. Gorky (“The Girl and Death”) and A. T. Tvardovsky (chapter “Death and the Warrior” in the poem “Vasily Terkin”).

A.P. Chekhov said about one of his heroes (Laevsky in the story "Duel") that he was "bad good man". The hero of Yu. V. Trifonov's novel "Time and Place" Antipov considers himself a "happy loser." In this case, we have a special kind of antithesis - an oxymoron, or oxymoron (translated from Greek - “witty-stupid”), a combination of contrasting quantities that create a new concept. “I love the magnificent nature of withering” (A. S. Pushkin); “But I soon comprehended the mystery of their ugly beauty” (M. Yu. Lermontov). And if the title of the fable by I. A. Krylov is built on the opposition of two characters - “The Lion and the Mouse”, then F. M. Dostoevsky, giving a name to his hero, resorts to the oxymoron combination Lev Myshkin (the novel “The Idiot”). Oxymoron is sometimes taken out in the titles of works: “The Living Corpse” (L. N. Tolstoy), “The Gypsy Nun” (F. G. Lorca), “The Young Lady Peasant Woman” (A. S. Pushkin), “ Dead Souls"(N.V. Gogol).

Of particular note is the so-called imaginary antithesis. So, in N.V. Gogol's "The Tale of how Ivan Ivanovich quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich", the opposition of Ivan Ivanovich to his neighbor Ivan Nikiforovich, which is so categorical in appearance, upon closer examination turns out to be untenable, imaginary. This technique, representing one of the varieties of parody, goes back to folklore: “Yerema’s purse is empty, but Thomas’s is nothing”, “Yerema is in someone else’s, but Thomas is not in his own”, “Here Yerema was buried, and Thomas was buried.”

Thus, antithesis, serious and parodic, is found in prose and poetry, in myth and fairy tale, in genres large and small.

ἀντίθεσις "opposition") - a rhetorical opposition, a stylistic figure of contrast in artistic or oratory speech, consisting in a sharp opposition of concepts, positions, images, states, interconnected by a common structure or internal meaning.

Antithesis in literature

The figure of antithesis can serve as a principle of construction for entire poetic plays or separate parts. works of art in verse and prose. For example, Petrarch F. has a sonnet (translated by Verkhovsky Yu. N.), entirely built on the antithesis:

And there is no peace - and there are no enemies anywhere;
I fear - I hope, I freeze and burn;
I drag myself in the dust - and soar in the sky;
Alien to everyone in the world - and the world is ready to embrace.
She is in captivity of captivity, I do not know;
They do not want to own me, but the oppression is severe;
Cupid does not destroy and does not break the shackles;
And there is no end to life and torment - the edge.
I am sighted - without eyes; nem - I emit cries;
And the thirst for death - I pray to save;
I hate myself - and I love everyone else;
Suffering - alive; with laughter I sob;
Both death and life are sadly cursed;
And this is the fault, oh donna, - you!

Descriptions, characteristics, especially the so-called comparative ones, are often built antithetically.

For example, the characterization of Peter the Great in A.S. Pushkin's Stanzas:

Now an academician, then a hero,
Either a navigator, or a carpenter ...

Sharply shading the contrasting features of the compared members, the antithesis, precisely because of its sharpness, is distinguished by too persistent persuasiveness and brightness (for which the romantics loved this figure so much). Many stylists therefore treated the antithesis negatively, and on the other hand, poets with rhetorical pathos, such as Hugo or Mayakovsky, are noticeably fond of it:

Our strength is truth
yours - laurel ringing.
Yours is censer smoke,
ours is factory smoke.
Your power is a gold piece,
ours is a red banner.
We will take,
let's borrow
and we will win.

The symmetry and analytical nature of the antithesis make it very appropriate in some strict forms, as, for example, in the Alexandrian verse, with its clear division into two parts.

The sharp clarity of the antithesis also makes it very suitable for the style of works that strive for immediate persuasiveness, as, for example, in works that are declarative-political, with a social tendency, agitational or moralistic, etc. Examples are:

The proletarians have nothing to lose in it except their chains. They will gain the whole world.

Who was nobody, he will become everything!

The antithetical composition is often observed in social novels and plays when contrasting the life of different classes (for example: The Iron Heel by J. London, The Prince and the Pauper by Mark Twain, etc.); antithesis can underlie works depicting a moral tragedy (for example.

Antithesis

ANTITHESIS(Greek "Αντιθεσις, opposition) - a figure (see) consisting in a comparison of logically opposite concepts or images. An essential condition for antithesis is the subordination of opposites to the one that unites them general concept, or a common point of view on them. For example, “I started for health, but brought to rest”, “Learning is light, and ignorance is darkness.” This subordination may not be logically precise. So, the proverbs: “Rarely, but aptly”, “Small spool, but expensive” are built antithetically, although the concepts taken separately rare And well-aimed, small And expensive are not logically subordinate, as light And darkness, Start And the end; but in this context, these concepts are subordinate due to the fact that the words “rarely” and “small” are taken with a certain specification of their meaning in relation to the words “accurately” and “expensive” compared with them and taken in the literal sense. The paths, entering into the antithesis, can hide its logical clarity and accuracy even more. For example, “Today is a colonel, tomorrow is a dead man”, “Don’t buy a threshing floor, buy a mind”, “Thinks well, but blindly gives birth”, etc.

As a means of enhancing expressiveness, the antithesis is used in the following main cases. Firstly, when comparing images or concepts that contrast with each other. For example, in "Eugene Onegin":

They agreed. Wave and stone

Poetry and prose, ice and fire

Not so different from each other.

Secondly, antithetical concepts or images can totality express something single. In this case, the antithesis usually expresses either the contrast, which already lies in the very content of the expressed object, or its magnitude. So, in Derzhavin, the antitheses “I am a king - I am a slave, I am a worm - I am a god”, etc. express the concept human, as beings of a contrasting, antithetical nature. The antithesis of Pushkin is of the same order: “And the rose-maidens drink the breath, perhaps full of the plague.” On the other hand, the size of the “Russian land” in Pushkin is expressed by the antitheses of its geographical limits: “From Perm to Taurida, from the Finnish cold rocks to the fiery Colchis, from the shocked Kremlin to the walls of motionless China.” Thirdly, an antithetical image (or concept) can be used to shade another image that is in the center of attention. Then only one of the members of the antithesis corresponds to the object being expressed, while the other member has the auxiliary meaning of enhancing the expressiveness of the first. This type of antithesis is related to the figure comparisons(cm.). So, Derzhavin:

"Where the table was food,

There is a coffin there."

Pushkin:

Not the noise of the dense forests,

And the cry of my comrades,

Yes, the scolding of the night watchmen,

Yes, a screech, yes, the ringing of shackles.

From Bryusov:

“But half-measures are hateful,

Not the sea, but a dead channel,

Not lightning, but gray midday,

Not an agora, but a common hall.

Spencer's psychological explanation of this figure that a black spot on a white field seems to be even blacker and vice versa can primarily be attributed to an antithesis of this type. White, of course, is not included here in black, but from outside states to him. Wed Pushkin: “I look at you with reverence when... you are black curls on the pale marble scatter." Fourth, the antithesis can express an alternative: either - or. So, Pushkin has Leporello's words to Don Giovanni: "You don't care where you start, whether it's from the eyebrows or from the legs."

Antithesis may not be limited to two contrasting images, but also be polynomial. So, in Pushkin's "Road Complaints" we find a number of polynomial antitheses:

“Is it a long time to walk in the world,

Now in a wheelchair, then on horseback,

Now in a wagon, now in a carriage,

Either in a cart or on foot?

The antithesis becomes especially effective when it is supported by the contrasts of sound writing, as, for example, in Blok:

"Today - soberly triumph,

tomorrow - crying and singing».

The figure of antithesis can serve as a principle of construction for whole poetic plays or separate parts of works of art in verse and prose. Descriptions, characteristics, especially the so-called. comparative, often built antithetically. For example, the characterization of Peter the Great in Pushkin’s Stanzas: “Now an academician, now a hero, now a navigator, now a carpenter,” etc., Plyushkina before And now in " Dead souls", etc. Klyuchevsky, like many other historians-artists, willingly uses the antithesis in his characteristics, for example, Boris Godunov (this "worker"), Alexei Mikhailovich (with a metaphorical expression of the main antithesis: "with one foot he is still firmly rested on his native Orthodox antiquity, and the other was already brought beyond its borders, and he remained in this indecisive transitional position"), etc. An alternative type of antithesis underlies Hamlet's famous monologue "To be or not to be." A striking example of a detailed antithesis is the oath of the Lermontov Demon: "I swear on the first day of creation, I swear on its last day." One of the most perfect samples An antithetically constructed comparison in our poetry is represented by the stanza: “Why does the wind spin in the ravine” from Pushkin’s “Pedigree of My Hero”.

Antithesis, as a compositional principle, can also be spoken of in relation to the architectonics of major literary genres. Already the very titles of many dramas and novels point to this kind of antithetical structure: "Treachery and Love", "War and Peace", "Crime and Punishment", etc. The figures of Napoleon and Kutuzov in Tolstoy, Prince Myshkin and Rogozhin, Aglaya and Nastasya Filippovna, or Dostoevsky's three brothers Karamazov, are contrasted antithetically in the architectonics of the whole.

M. Petrovsky.

Literary Encyclopedia: Dictionary literary terms: In 2 volumes - M.; L.: Publishing house L. D. Frenkel Ed. N. Brodsky, A. Lavretsky, E. Lunin, V. Lvov-Rogachevsky, M. Rozanov, V. Cheshikhin-Vetrinsky 1925

See also `Antithesis` in other dictionaries

ANTITHESIS (from the Greek antithesis - opposition) - a stylistic figure, a comparison or opposition of contrasting concepts, positions, images ("I am a king, - I am a slave, - I am a worm, - I am a god!", G. Derzhavin).

antithesis

Dictionary of literary terms S.P. Belokurova 2005

(te), antitheses, f. (Greek antithesis) (book). 1. Contrast, opposite. || Comparison of two opposing thoughts or images for greater strength and brightness of expression (lit.). 2. Same as antithesis (philosophical).

1. Comparison of sharply different words.
2. Contrasting contrasting concepts.

Antithesis

antithesis

Merged or separate? Spelling dictionary-reference book. - M.: Russian language. B. Z. Bukchina, L. P. Kakalutskaya. 1998 .

Antithesis ANTITHESIS, antithetical, in a broad sense - the principle of world perception, which consists in discovering the opposite of two phenomena; in art - a technique that captures the contrast of concepts, characters, psychol. states, situations, attributes of life, etc. A. is intensively used by L. throughout the creative. ways; from a local artist. A.'s reception in L. develops into a worldview. epistemological phenomenon and acquires new life, complete artistic surprises. In production L. stand out several. levels A.A. philosophical and poetic. type: "good" - "evil", "action" - "reflection", "beauty" - "ugliness", "ver...

ANTITHESIS (from the Greek antithesis - opposition), a stylistic figure, co- or opposition of contrasting concepts, states, images ("Beautiful, like an angel in heaven, Like a demon, insidious and evil", M.Yu. Lermontov>).

1. g. 1) Opposite, opposition. 2) A stylistic device that consists in juxtaposing opposite or sharply contrasting concepts and images. 2. g. The same as: antithesis.

well. or antithesis m. Greek. rhetorician. opposite, opposite, for example: there was a colonel - there was a dead man. Great man for small things.

antithesis

opposition, contrast, opposition, contrast, juxtaposition. Ant. thesis

Dictionary of Russian synonyms

Antithesis

(1 well); pl. antit e/ PS, R. antite/ h

Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language. 2006 .

antithesis

ANTITE BEHIND(Greek ἀντίθεσις - opposition) - a stylistic figure of contrast, a sharp opposition of concepts, positions, images, states, etc. in artistic or oratory speech. A. was widespread in Western European literature of the Renaissance and in the poetry of later times. F. Petrarch has a sonnet entirely built on A.:

And there is no peace - and there are no enemies anywhere;

I fear - I hope, I freeze and burn;

I drag myself in the dust - and soar in the sky;

Alien to everyone in the world - and the world is ready to embrace.

She is in captivity of captivity, I do not know;

They do not want to own me, but the oppression is severe;

Cupid does not destroy and does not tear the shackles;

And there is no end to life and torment - the edge.

I'm sighted - be ...

antithesis

(Greek antithesis - opposition). A stylistic figure that serves to enhance the expressiveness of speech by sharply contrasting concepts, thoughts, images. Where the table was food, there is a coffin(Derzhavin). Antithesis is often built on antonyms. The rich feast even on weekdays, but the poor mourn even on holidays(proverb).

Dictionary-reference book of linguistic terms. Ed. 2nd. - M.: Enlightenment Rosenthal D. E., Telenkova M. A. 1976

Women's Portal Flero

This creates an antithesis in the penultimate sentence. Antithesis as an artistic technique

See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what is ANTITHESIS in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

What is antithesis in literature

Lexical meaning of trope

Where can I find examples of antithesis

Antithesis as an artistic technique

Antithesis in literature

Women's Portal Flero

See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what is ANTITHESIS in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

What is antithesis in literature

Lexical meaning of trope

Where can I find examples of antithesis

Antithesis as an artistic technique

Antithesis in literature

RELATED ARTICLES