"Sculpture Ancient Greece» - a presentation that will acquaint you with the greatest monuments of ancient Greek art, with the creations of outstanding sculptors of antiquity, whose heritage has not lost its significance for world artistic culture and continues to delight art lovers and serve as a model for the creativity of painters and sculptors.
Sculpture of Ancient Greece
“Kneel before Phidias and Michelangelo, admiring the divine clarity of the first and the severe anxiety of the second. Rapture is a noble wine for lofty minds. … A powerful inner impulse is always guessed in a beautiful sculpture. This is the secret ancient art". Auguste Rodin
The presentation consists of 35 slides. It presents illustrations that introduce the art of archaism, classics and Hellenism, with the most outstanding creations of the great sculptors: Myron, Polykleitos, Praxiteles, Phidias and others. Why is it so important to introduce students to ancient Greek sculpture?
The super-task of the lessons of world art culture, in my opinion, is not so much to acquaint children with the history of art, with outstanding monuments of world art culture, but to awaken in them a sense of beauty, which, in fact, distinguishes a person from an animal.
It is the art of Ancient Greece and, above all, sculpture, that serves as a model of beauty for the European look. Great german educator In the 18th century, Gotthold Evraim Lessing wrote that the Greek artist depicted nothing but beauty. The masterpieces of Greek art always amazed and delighted, in all eras, including our atomic age.
In my presentation, I tried to show how the idea of beauty, the perfection of a human being was embodied by artists from archaic to Hellenistic.
Presentations will also introduce you to the art of Ancient Greece:
Stages of development of ancient Greek sculpture: archaic, classical, Hellenistic.
Archaic period - kouros and kora. Sculptural canons of Polikleitos and Miron. "Dorifor", "Discobolus" is a hymn to the greatness and spiritual power of Man. sculptural creations
Scopas and Prixiteles - "Maenad", Aphrodite of Knidos. Lysippus the master late classic. Agesander-Laocoön, Venus de Milo.
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Slides captions:
Shaikhieva Nadezhda Ivanovna, teacher of fine arts, MOBU secondary school No. 3 named after Y. Gagarinag. Taganrog, Rostov region
Stages of development of ancient Greek sculpture:Archaic ClassicsHellenism
KORA (from the Greek kore - girl), 1) the ancient Greeks had the cult name of the goddess Persephone. 2) In ancient Greek art, a statue of an upright girl in long clothes. KOUROS - in the art of ancient Greek archaism, a statue of a young athlete (usually naked).
Sculptures of kouros
-The height of the statue is up to 3 meters; -They embodied the ideal of male beauty, strength and health; -The figure of an upright young man with his leg extended forward, his hands clenched into fists and extended along the body. -Faces are devoid of individuality; -Exhibited in public places, near temples;
Sculptures kor
- Embodied sophistication and sophistication; - Poses are monotonous and static; - Chitons and cloaks with beautiful patterns of parallel wavy lines and a border around the edges; -Hair is curled into ringlets and intercepted with diadems. -On the face enigmatic smile
1. A hymn to the greatness and spiritual power of Man; 2. Favorite image - a slender young man with an athletic physique; 3. Spiritual and physical appearance are harmonious, there is nothing superfluous, "nothing beyond measure."
Sculptor Polikleitos. Doryphorus (5th century BC)
CHIASMUS, in fine art, an image of a standing human figure leaning on one leg: in this case, if the right shoulder is raised, then the right thigh is lowered, and vice versa.
Ideal Proportions human body:
The head is 1/7 of the total height; The face and hands are 1/10 of the foot - 1/6 of the
Sculptor Miron. Disco thrower. (5th century BC)
The first attempt of Greek sculpture to break the captivity of immobility.
4th century BC1. Strived for the transfer of vigorous action; 2. They conveyed the feelings and experiences of a person: - passion - sadness - daydreaming - falling in love - fury - despair - suffering - grief
Maenad. 4th c. BC.
Scopas (420-355 BC)
Head of a wounded warrior.
Battle of the Greeks with the Amazons. Relief detail from the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus.
Praxiteles (390 -330 BC)
He entered the history of sculpture as an inspired singer of female beauty. According to legend, Praxiteles created two statues of Aphrodite, depicting the goddess dressed on one of them, and naked on the other. Aphrodite in clothes was purchased by the inhabitants of the island of Kos, and the naked one was installed on one of the main squares of the island of Knidos.
Lysippos. Head of Alexander the Great circa 330 BC
Lysippos. Hercules fighting a lion. About 330s. BC..
Lysippos. "Resting Hermes". 2nd half of the 4th c. BC e.
Leohar
Leohar. "Apollo Belvedere". Middle 4th c. BC e.
In sculpture: 1. Excitement and tension of faces; 2. A whirlwind of feelings and experiences in images; 3. Dreaminess of images; 4. Harmonic perfection and solemnity
Nike of Samothrace. Beginning of the 2nd c. BC. Louvre, Paris
At the hour of my nightly delirium You appear before my eyes - Samothracean Victory With arms outstretched forward. Frightening the silence of the night, Gives rise to dizziness Your winged, blind, Unstoppable aspiration. being able.
Agesander. Venus (Aphrodite) de Milo. 120 BC Marble.
Agesander. "The Death of Laocoön and His Sons". Marble. Around 50 BC e.
http://history.rin.ru/text/tree/128.html
http://about-artart.livejournal.com/543450.html
http://spbfoto.spb.ru/foto/details.php?image_id=623
http://historic.ru/lostcivil/greece/art/statue.shtml
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
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Event. Greece. Myths of ancient Greece.
Get to know the culture of Ancient Greece. Help appreciate beauty artistic images ancient Greek myths. Awaken the desire to meet other myths....
Synopsis of the extracurricular event "Greece. Myths of ancient Greece"
Introduce students to Greek culture. To help pupils appreciate the beauty of the artistic images of ancient Greek myths. Awaken the desire to get to know other myths....
Class: 10
Presentation for the lesson
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Target: contribute to the formation of students' knowledge about the artistic culture of Ancient Greece.
Tasks:
- give an idea of the nature of ancient Greek architecture and sculpture;
- introduce the concept of “order” in architecture; consider their types;
- reveal the role of ancient Greek culture in the development European culture;
- educate interest in the culture of other countries;
Lesson type: formation of new knowledge
Lesson equipment: G.I. Danilova MHC. From the origins to the XVII century: a textbook for 10 cells. - M.: Bustard, 2013. Presentation, computer, projector, interactive whiteboard.
During the classes
I. Organization of the class.
II. Preparing for the perception of a new topic
III. Learning new material
Earth Ancient Hellas still strikes majestic architectural structures and sculptural monuments.
Hellas - this is how its inhabitants called their country, and themselves - Hellenes by the name of the legendary king - the ancestor of Hellenes. Later this country was called Ancient Greece.
The blue sea splashed, leaving far beyond the horizon. In the midst of the expanse of water, the islands were green with dense greenery.
The Greeks built cities on the islands. In every city lived talented people able to speak the language of lines, colors, reliefs. SLIDE 2-3
The architectural appearance of ancient Hellas
"We love beauty without whimsicality and wisdom without effeminacy." This is how the ideal of Greek culture was expressed by a public figure of the 5th century. BC. Pericles. Nothing superfluous is the main principle of the art and life of Ancient Greece. SLIDE 5
The development of democratic city-states largely contributed to the development of architecture, which reached special heights in temple architecture. It expressed the main principles, subsequently formulated on the basis of the works of Greek architects by the Roman architect Vitruvius (second half of the 1st century BC): “strength, utility and beauty”.
Order (lat. - order) - a type of architectural structure, when the combination and interaction of bearing (supporting) and carried (overlapping) elements are taken into account. The most widespread are the Doric and Ionic (late 7th century BC) and, to a lesser extent later (late 5th - early 4th century BC) Corinthian order, which are widely used in architecture up to our time. SLIDE 6-7
In a Doric temple, the columns rise straight from the pedestal. They have no decorations, except for stripes-flutes-vertical grooves. Doric columns hold the roof with tension, you can see how hard it is for them. The top of the column is crowned with a capital (head). The trunk of a column is called its body. In Doric temples, the capital is very simple. The Doric order, as the most concise and simple, embodied the idea of masculinity and fortitude of the character of the Greek tribes of the Dorians.
It is characterized by a strict beauty of lines, shapes and proportions. SLIDE 8-9.
The columns of an Ionic temple are taller and thinner. Below it is raised above the pedestal. Flute grooves on its trunk are located more often and flow like folds of thin fabric. And the capital has two curls. SLIDE 9-11
The name comes from the city of Corinth. They are richly decorated plant motifs, among which images of acanthus leaves predominate.
Sometimes a vertical support in the form of a female figure was used as a column. It was called the caryatid. SLIDE 12-14
The Greek order system was embodied in stone temples, which, as you know, served as dwellings for the gods. The most common type Greek temple became a peripter. Peripter (Greek - “pteros”, i.e. “feathered”, surrounded by columns around the perimeter). On its long side there were 16 or 18 columns, on the shorter side 6 or 8. The temple was a room that had the shape of an elongated rectangle in plan. SLIDE 15
Athens Acropolis
5th century BC - the heyday of the ancient Greek policies. Athens is turning into the largest political and Cultural Center Hellas. In the history of ancient Greece, this time is usually called the “golden age of Athens”. It was then that the construction of many architectural structures that entered the treasury of world art was carried out here. This time - the reign of the leader of the Athenian democracy Pericles. SLIDE 16
The most remarkable buildings are located on the Athenian Acropolis. Here were the most beautiful temples of Ancient Greece. The Acropolis not only adorned the great city, but above all it was a shrine. When a man first came to Athens, he first of all saw
Acropolis. SLIDE 17
Acropolis means "upper city" in Greek. Settled on a hill. Temples were built here in honor of the Gods. All work on the Acropolis was led by the great Greek architect Phidias. As many as 16 years of his life, Phidias gave the Acropolis. He revived this colossal creation. All temples were built entirely of marble. SLIDE 18
SLIDE 19-38 These slides present a plan of the Acropolis, with detailed description monuments of architecture and sculpture.
On the southern slope of the Acropolis was the theater of Dionysus, which accommodated 17 thousand people. Tragic and comedic scenes from the life of gods and people were played out in it. The Athenian public reacted vividly and temperamentally to everything that happened before their eyes. SLIDE 39-40
Fine art of ancient Greece. Sculpture and vase painting.
Ancient Greece entered the history of world artistic culture thanks to the wonderful works of sculpture and vase painting. Sculptures adorned the squares of ancient Greek cities and the facades of architectural structures in abundance. According to Plutarch (c. 45-c. 127), there were more statues in Athens than living people. SLIDE 41-42
The earliest works that have come down to our time are kouros and kora, created in the archaic era.
Kouros is a type of statue of a young athlete, usually naked. Reached considerable sizes (up to 3 m). Kuros were placed in sanctuaries and on tombs; they were predominantly of memorial significance, but could also be cult images. Kuros are surprisingly similar to each other, even their poses are always the same: upright static figures with a leg extended forward, arms with palms clenched into a fist extended along the body. The features of their faces are devoid of individuality: the correct oval of the face, the straight line of the nose, the oblong section of the eyes; full, bulging lips, large and round chin. The hair behind the back forms a continuous cascade of curls. SLIDE 43-45
The figures of kor (girls) are the embodiment of sophistication and sophistication. Their postures are also monotonous and static. Tightly curled curls, intercepted by diadems, are parted and descend to the shoulders in long symmetrical strands. All faces have an enigmatic smile. SLIDE 46
The ancient Hellenes were the first to think about what should be wonderful person and sang the beauty of his body, the courage of his will, and the strength of his mind. Sculpture was especially developed in Ancient Greece, reaching new heights in the transfer of portrait features and the emotional state of a person. main theme works of sculptors was a man - the most perfect creation of nature.
The images of people by the artists and sculptors of Greece begin to come to life, move, they learn to walk and slightly put their foot back, freezing in half a step. SLIDE 47-49
Ancient Greek sculptors really liked to sculpt statues of athletes, as they called people of great physical strength, athletes. The most famous sculptors of that time are: Miron, Poliklet, Phidias. SLIDE 50
Myron is the most beloved and popular among Greek portrait sculptors. The greatest glory was brought to Miron by his statues of victorious athletes. SLIDE 51
Statue "Discobolus". Before us is a beautiful young man, ready to throw a discus. It seems that in a moment the athlete will straighten up and the disk thrown with great force will fly into the distance.
Miron, one of the sculptors who sought to convey a sense of movement in his work. 25th century statue. Only copies have survived to this day, which are stored in various museums around the world. SLIDE 52
Polykleitos - ancient Greek sculptor and an art theorist active in Argos in the 2nd half of the 5th century BC. Poliklet wrote the treatise "Canon", where he first spoke about what forms an exemplary sculpture can and should have. Developed a kind of “mathematics of beauty”. He carefully peered into the beauties of his time and deduced the proportions, observing which you can build a correct, beautiful figure. The most famous work of Polykleitos is “Dorifor” (Spear-bearer) (450-440 BC). It was believed that the sculpture was created on the basis of the provisions of the treatise. SLIDE 53-54
Statue "Dorifor".
A beautiful and powerful young man - apparently the winner Olympic Games, slowly walks with a short spear on his shoulder. This work embodied the ideas of the ancient Greeks about beauty. Sculpture has long remained the canon (sample) of beauty. Poliklet sought to portray a person at rest. Standing or walking slowly. SLIDE 55
Around 500 B.C. in Athens, a boy was born who was destined to become the most famous sculptor of all Greek culture. He earned the fame of the greatest sculptor. Everything that Phidias did remains the hallmark of Greek art to this day. SLIDE 56-57
The most famous work Phidias - the statue of "Olympian Zeus" The figure of Zeus was made of wood, and details from other materials were attached to the base with the help of bronze and iron nails and special hooks. The face, hands and other parts of the body were made of ivory - it is quite close in color to human skin. Hair, beard, cloak, sandals were made of gold, eyes were made of precious stones. Zeus's eyes were the size of a grown man's fist. The base of the statue was 6 meters wide and 1 meter high. The height of the entire statue, together with the pedestal, was, according to various sources, from 12 to 17 meters. The impression was created "that if he (Zeus) wanted to get up from the throne, he would blow the roof off." SLIDE 58-59
Sculptural masterpieces of Hellenism.
Classical traditions were replaced in the Hellenistic era by a more complex understanding of the inner world of man. New themes and plots appear, the interpretation of well-known classical motifs changes, approaches to the depiction of human characters and events become completely different. Among the sculptural masterpieces of Hellenism, one should name: “Venus de Milo” by Agesander, sculptural groups for the frieze of the Great Altar of Zeus in Pergamon; “Nike of Samothrokiia by an unknown author, “Laocoon with his sons” by the sculptors Agesander, Athenador, Polydorus. SLIDE 60-61
Antique vase painting.
As beautiful as architecture and sculpture was the painting of ancient Greece, the development of which can be judged from the drawings that adorn the vases that have come down to us, starting from the 11th-10th centuries. BC e. Ancient Greek craftsmen created a great variety of vessels for various purposes: amphoras - for storing olive oil and wine, craters - for mixing wine with water, lekythos - a narrow vessel for oil and incense. SLIDE 62-64
Vessels were molded from clay, and then painted with a special composition - it was called “black lacquer”. Black-figure painting was called, for which the natural color of baked clay served as a background. Red-figure painting was called, for which the background was black, and the images had the color of baked clay. Legends and myths, scenes Everyday life, school lessons, competitions of athletes. Time did not spare the antique vases - many of them were broken. But thanks to the painstaking work of archaeologists, some managed to be glued together, but to this day they delight us with perfect shapes and the brilliance of black lacquer. SLIDE 65-68
The culture of Ancient Greece, having reached a high degree of development, later had a huge impact on the culture of the whole world. SLIDE 69
IV. Consolidation of the material covered
V. Homework
Textbook: chapter 7-8. Prepare reports on the work of one of the Greek sculptors: Phidias, Polykleitos, Myron, Skopas, Praxiteles, Lysippus.
VI. Lesson summary
Sculptures of ancient Greece The art of ancient Greece became the support and foundation on which the whole European civilization. The sculpture of Ancient Greece is a special topic. Without antique sculpture there would be no brilliant masterpieces of the Renaissance, and further development this art is hard to imagine. In the history of the development of Greek antique sculpture, three major stages can be distinguished: archaic, classical and Hellenistic. Each has something important and special. Let's consider each of them.
- The art of ancient Greece became the support and foundation on which the entire European civilization grew. The sculpture of Ancient Greece is a special topic. Without ancient sculpture, there would be no brilliant masterpieces of the Renaissance, and it is difficult to imagine the further development of this art. In the history of the development of Greek antique sculpture, three major stages can be distinguished: archaic, classical and Hellenistic. Each has something important and special. Let's consider each of them.
Sculptures created between the 7th century BC and the early 5th century BC belong to this period. The epoch gave us figures of naked young warriors (kouros), as well as many female figures in clothes (koros). Archaic sculptures are characterized by some sketchiness and disproportion. On the other hand, each work of the sculptor is attractive for its simplicity and restrained emotionality. The figures of this era are characterized by a half-smile, which gives the works some mystery and depth.
"Goddess with a pomegranate", which is kept in the Berlin state museum, one of the best preserved archaic sculptures. With external roughness and "wrong" proportions, the attention of the viewer is attracted by the hands of the sculpture, brilliantly executed by the author. The expressive gesture of the sculpture makes it dynamic and especially expressive.
The classics of sculpture of this particular era are most associated with ancient plastic art. In the era of the classics, such famous sculptures like Athena Parthenos, Olympian Zeus, Discobolus, Doryphorus and many others. History has preserved for posterity the names of outstanding sculptors of the era: Policlet, Phidias, Myron, Skopas, Praxiteles and many others. The masterpieces of classical Greece are distinguished by harmony, ideal proportions (which indicates excellent knowledge of human anatomy), as well as internal content and dynamics. Hellenism
- Late Greek antiquity is characterized by a strong oriental influence on all art in general and on sculpture in particular. Complex foreshortenings, exquisite draperies, numerous details appear. Oriental emotionality and temperament penetrate into the calmness and majesty of the classics.
- The most famous sculptural composition of the Hellenistic era is Laocoön and his sons Agesander of Rhodes (the masterpiece is kept in one of the Vatican Museums). The composition is full of drama, the plot itself suggests strong emotions. Desperately resisting the snakes sent by Athena, the hero himself and his sons seem to understand that their fate is terrible. The sculpture is made with extraordinary precision. The figures are plastic and real. The faces of the characters make a strong impression on the viewer.
- Phidias - the famous sculptor of Ancient Greece of the 5th century BC. He worked in Athens, Delphi and Olympia. Phidias took an active part in the reconstruction of the Acropolis in Athens. He was one of the leaders in the construction and decoration of the Parthenon. He created a statue of Athena 12 meters high for the Parthenon. The basis of the statue is a wooden figure. Ivory plates were applied to the face and naked parts of the body. Clothing and weapons were covered with almost two tons of gold. This gold served as an emergency reserve in case of unforeseen financial crises.
- The pinnacle of Phidias' creativity was his famous statue of Zeus at Olympia, 14 meters high. She depicted a thunderer sitting on a richly decorated throne, his upper torso is naked, and the lower is wrapped in a cloak. In one hand, Zeus holds a statue of Nike, in the other, a symbol of power, a rod. The statue was made of wood, the figure was covered with ivory plates, and the clothes were covered with thin golden sheets. Now you know what were the sculptors in Ancient Greece.
slide 1
Outstanding sculptors of Ancient Hellas
Presentation MHC lesson prepared by the teacher Petrova M.G. MBOU "Gymnasium", Arzamas
slide 2
The purpose of the lesson
to form an idea of the development of the sculpture of Ancient Greece by comparing the masterpieces of different stages of its development; introduce students to the greatest sculptors of Ancient Greece; develop the skills of analyzing works of sculpture, logical thinking based comparative analysis works of art; to cultivate a culture of perception of works of art.
slide 3
Actualization of students' knowledge
What is the main thesis of ancient Greek art? What does the word "Acropolis" mean? -Where is the most famous Greek Acropolis? In what century was it rebuilt? -Name the ruler of Athens at that time. -Who supervised the construction work? -List the names of the temples that are on the Acropolis. -What is the name of the main entrance, who is its architect? Who is the Parthenon dedicated to? Name the architects. - What is the famous portico with a sculptural image of women carrying a ceiling that adorns the Erechtheion? -What statues that once adorned the Acropolis do you know?
slide 4
ancient greek sculpture
There are many glorious forces in nature, But there is nothing more glorious than man. Sophocles
Problem statement. - How was the fate of ancient Greek sculpture? - How was the problem of beauty and the problem of man solved in Greek sculpture? - From what and to what did the Greeks come?
slide 5
Check out the table
Names of sculptors Names of monuments Features of creative manner
Archaic (VII-VI centuries BC) Archaic (VII-VI centuries BC) Archaic (VII-VI centuries BC)
Kuros Kora
Classical period (V-IV centuries BC) Classical period (V-IV centuries BC) Classical period (V-IV centuries BC)
Myron
Polykleitos
Late Classic (400-323 BC - turn of the 4th century BC) Late Classic (400-323 BC - turn of the 4th century BC) Late Classic (400 -323 BC - turn of the 4th century BC)
Scopas
Praxiteles
Lysippos
Hellenism (III-I centuries BC) Hellenism (III-I centuries BC) Hellenism (III-I centuries BC)
Agesander
slide 6
Archaic
Kouros. 6th century BC
Bark. 6th century BC
The immobility of postures, the stiffness of movements, the "archaic smile" on the faces, the connection with Egyptian sculpture.
Slide 7
classical period
Miron. Discus thrower. 5th century BC
Miron was an innovator in solving the problem of movement in sculpture. He depicted not the Disco Thrower movement itself, but a brief break, an instantaneous stop between two powerful movements: a backswing and throwing the whole body and disk forward. The face of the discus thrower is calm and static. There is no individualization of the image. statue embodied perfect image human citizen.
Slide 8
Compare
Chiasmus is a sculptural technique for conveying hidden movement at rest. Polikleitos in the "Canon" determined the ideal proportions of a person: head - 17 height, face and hand - 110, foot - 16.
Miron. Discus thrower
Polykleitos. Doryphorus
Slide 9
late classic
Scopas. Maenad. 335 BC e. Roman copy.
Interest in the inner state of a person. Expression of strong, passionate feelings. Drama. Expression. Image of vigorous movement.
Slide 10
Praxiteles
statue of Aphrodite of Knidos. It was the first depiction of a female figure in Greek art.
slide 11
Lysippus developed a new plastic canon, in which individualization and psychologization of images appear.
Lysippos. Alexander the Great
Apoxyomenos
slide 12
Compare
"Apoxiomen" - dynamic pose, elongated proportions; new canon head=1/8 of total height
Polykleitos. Doryphorus
Lysippos. Apoxyomenos
slide 13
plastic study
Slide 14
How the problem of beauty and the problem of man were solved in Greek sculpture. From what and to what did the Greeks come?
Conclusion. Sculpture has gone from primitive forms to ideal proportions. From generalization to individualism. Man is the main creation of nature. Types of sculpture are varied: relief (flat sculpture); small plastic; round sculpture.
slide 15
Homework
1. Complete the table on the topic of the lesson. 2. Compose questions for the test work. 3. Write an essay "What is the greatness of ancient sculpture?"
slide 16
Bibliography.
1. Yu.E. Galushkin "World Artistic Culture". - Volgograd: Teacher, 2007. 2. T.G. Grushevskaya “Dictionary of the MHK” - Moscow: “Academy”, 2001. 3. Danilova G.I. World art culture. From the origins to the 17th century. Textbook grade 10. - M.: Bustard, 2008 4. E.P. Lvova, N.N. Fomina “World Artistic Culture. From its origin to the 17th century” Essays on history. – M.: Peter, 2007. 5. L. Lyubimov “Art Ancient World” - M .: Education, 1980. 6. World art culture in modern school. Recommendations. Reflections. Observations. Scientific and methodical collection. - St. Petersburg: Nevsky Dialect, 2006. 7. A.I. Nemirovsky. “A book to read on the history of the ancient world”