KOUROS and KORA KOUROS (ARCHAIC APOLONES) - male figures (youths), sculpture of naked figures, a visual embodiment of the ideal of male beauty KUROS and KORA
KOUROS
(ARCHAIC
APOLON) - male
figures (boys),
statue of nudes
figures, visual
embodiment of the ideal
male beauty,
youth and health

Kuros are similar to each other: upright static figures with a leg extended forward, arms with palms clenched into a fist stretched along those

Kouros look like each other
on a friend:
upright
static figures with
put forward
foot, hands
clenched into a fist
palms outstretched
along the body. Features
persons are deprived
individuality.

FIGURES OF KOR - figures of girls - the embodiment of sophistication and sophistication. Postures are also static and monotonous. A characteristic detail - on the faces behind

FIGURES KOR –
figures of girls
embodiment
sophistication and
refinement. Poses
also static and
monotonous.
Characteristic detail -
mysterious on the face
smile.

VASE PAINTING The oldest vases (amphoras) from Dipylon (VIII century BC) Huge vases (1.5 m) were installed as tombstones. superficial

vase painting
ancient vases (amphoras) from
Dipylon (VIII century BC)
Huge vases (1.5 m)
established as
tombstones.
The surface was covered
circle ornament,
triangles, squares,
rhombuses - this type of ornament
called Geometric

Abstract images of warriors, men, women, chariots, birds and animals were applied with belts of unequal size and conveyed the rhythm of a circular

abstract
warrior pictures,
men, women,
chariots, birds and
animals were inflicted
belts of unequal
values ​​and passed
the rhythm of the circular
movement, subordinate
potter's form
products

BLACK-FIGURE VASE-PAINTING STYLE images with a marked contour were applied with thick black varnish on a clay surface (the period of early

BLACK FIGURE
VASE PAINTING STYLE
images marked
the contour began to be applied thick
black lacquer on clay
surface (early
classics). ornament organically
combined with
multipurpose scenes.
Flowerpots are getting smaller, stricter
and more elegant in form. For changing
ritual geometric
characters come
mythological stories.

EXECIUS (third quarter of the 6th century BC) - the largest master of black-figure ceramics. Favorite themes are mythological. Plots, exploits of Hercules, scenes and

EXECIUS (third
quarter of the 6th century BC.)
- major master
black-figure
ceramics. Favorite
themes are mythological.
Plots, exploits
Hercules, scenes from
"Iliad"

Authentic masterpiece of Exekias - amphora depicting Achilles and Ajax playing dice

VASE PAINTING OF THE RED-FIGURE STYLE (early classic period) - the parts of the vase free from the image were covered with black lacquer, and the figures were outlined

vase painting
RED-FIGURE
STYLE (period of early
classics) - free from
images of a part of a vase
covered with black lacquer
and the figures circled
contour and left
unpainted. Inside
red silhouette thin
drawn with a pen
lines that convey traits
face, hairstyle, folds
clothes.

During the period of the classics, SCULPTURE became widespread. MIRON (mid. V

in.
BC.)
- His job
"Discus thrower"

The works of POLYCLEUTES (second half of the 5th century BC) became a real hymn to the greatness and spiritual power of Man; his favorite image is slender

A true anthem
greatness and spiritual power
Human steel
works
POLYCLETUS (second
half of the 5th century BC) him
favorite image -
slender young man
athletic physique,
which has "all
virtues"
-His work "Dorifor"

CHIASM is the main technique of the ancient Greek masters for depicting a hidden movement in a state of rest.

By the end of the 5th century BC. monumental heroic images gave way to the world of human feelings and experiences. The main themes of sculptors are passion

By the end of the 5th century BC. monumental
heroic images gave way to the world
human feelings and experiences. Main
the themes of the sculptors are passion and sadness,
daydreaming and falling in love, frenzy
and despair, suffering and grief.
Scopas (420-c.355 BC), Praxiteles
(c. 390-330 BC), Lysippus (370-300 BC).
BC), Leohar (mid-4th century BC)

SCULPTURAL MASTERPIECES OF HELLENISM

The main thing in the sculptures of the Hellenistic period: - agitation and tension of faces; - expression of movements; - a whirlwind of feelings and the tragedy of experiences; -

dreaminess of the characters
harmonic perfection and
solemnity.

“Vase painting of Ancient Greece” - Hunting, battles, dances, etc. were depicted on vases. Vase painting flourished in Greece, which testifies to the love of the Greeks for color and paint. In the 6th century, a new style of painting Greek vessels appeared in Athens. Ancient Greece. Geometric style. Red-figure style. Athlete, hero winner. A favorite theme in the art of ancient Greece was man.

"Culture of Ancient Greece" - The schools taught writing, counting, singing and dancing. 8. Studying a new topic "The Theater of Dionysus" Getting good grades. Find errors in the text: Skene. Solving historical problems and puzzles. Culture of ancient Greece. Painting School Architecture Sculpture Olympic Games Theatre. 3. Find mistakes in the student's work:

"Culture and History of Greece" - The essence of things is revealed to people of a philosophical warehouse. In Greek myths, many parallels can be drawn with the legends of other peoples. Greece. The knowledge of the ancient Greeks about the origin of the universe and man is impressive. Modern sculptors learn from the masterpieces of ancient Greek masters. And nothing seems to change over time.

"Schools of Ancient Greece" - Logical chain. II. Hirete paydes! In the 6th century BC Pythagoras compiled a multiplication table. The sons of free Greeks studied at schools from the age of 7. One side of the stee-lo was sharp. School and Science in Ancient Greece. Eratosthenes is the father of geography. In the palestras, the boys learned to read, write, and count. Ancient Greek alphabet, writing.

"Culture in Ancient Greece" - POSEIDON - one of the Olympian gods. Gods of ancient Greece. Project goal: Ancient Greece. Already monumental Cretan palaces of the XIX-XVI centuries. astounding in scale. HERMES, god of trade and profit. (Video). For the right to enter the theater was supposed to be a small amount. Show Greece: Talk about literature, writing, music, religion, theatre, architecture.

"Olympic Games in Ancient Greece" - Olympic Games. Pentathlon: Running Long jump Javelin throw Discus throw Wrestling. Start of games. Run with weapons. First Olympic Games. The award is a laurel wreath. Home of the Olympic Games. The winner becomes a hero. Fist fight. Chariot racing. The next three days were devoted to competitions. Sports days.

In total there are 19 presentations in the topic

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Periodization of ancient Greek art The era of geometry (c. 1050 BC - VIII century BC) Archaic period (VII - VI centuries BC) Classical period (5 century BC .- Ser.4. century BC) Hellenism (334 BC-30 BC)

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The Age of Geometrics (c. 1050 BC-VIII century BC) The era was named after the type of vase painting. Ancient Greek vase painting is a decorative painting of vessels made in a ceramic way, that is, with special paints followed by firing. The ancient Greeks painted any kind of pottery used for storage, eating, in rituals and holidays. Ceramics, decorated with particular care, were donated to temples or invested in burials. After a strong firing, resistant to environmental influences, ceramic vessels and their fragments have survived in tens of thousands, so ancient Greek vase painting is indispensable in determining the age of archaeological finds.

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The painting that gave the name to the period is best represented. Her style is based on geometrization, tools are beginning to be used - a compass, a ruler. In the heyday of geometry, mostly closed vessels predominate, the entire surface of which is covered with geometric ornament. Specifically Greek features begin to form: register painting, as well as patterns - meanders (a border made up of right angles that form a continuous line), teeth, triangles, waves, grids. MEANDER VARIETIES

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The era of late geometrics was called "Depylonian" by the vessels found at the Depylon Gate in Athens. Images of geometrized animals appear. The quality of pottery improves, large forms appear. Paintings are carried out using brown varnish. In the late period, they begin to add purple and white. Images of a person are performed almost according to the ancient Egyptian canon. Very fond of the image of horses. There is a caressing of the surface of the vases - they pass with a liquid diluted varnish, getting a pinkish-golden color. There are no large sculptures. Small ones are divided into several styles: the “body” style - massive figurines, stone, terracotta, painted in a geometric style; the “stretched limbs” style - metal, great attachment to real proportions Horse, bronze, Olympia, ca. 740 BC

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In the architecture of the Hellenes of the geometric period, they start from scratch - with mud brick (cyclopean masonry was characteristic of the previous period). Megaron is a Greek house of a rectangular plan with a hearth in the middle. Scheme of an ancient Greek temple of the megaron type

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Archaic period (VII - VI centuries BC) Temple of Poseidon The next period in the history of Greece is called "archaic". This era, covering the IX-VI centuries. BC, - the time of the formation of the Greek city-states. The rapid development of these cities contributed to the flourishing of culture and art. In the VII-VI centuries. BC. Greek writing spreads, sciences flourish - mathematics, medicine, astronomy, philosophy arises. The growth of cities (policies) was primarily reflected in the development of monumental architecture. The temple, in which the statues of the gods were placed, became the main type of public building and dominated the development of the city, located on its central square. It usually hosted public meetings, religious festivals. The whole life of the policy and its citizens was concentrated around the Greek temple. That is why the architecture of the temple was given great attention.

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Already in the 7th century. BC. architects developed a system of correlation between the load-bearing and load-bearing parts of the building. This system, which formed the basis of the architecture of the entire Western world, was called the order. Early orders are considered "Doric" (it developed in the Peloponnese and Magna Graecia, that is, in the Greek colonies of Sicily and southern Italy) and "Ionic", born on the coast of Asia Minor. Greek temples were built from hewn cubes of limestone or marble without any binding solution. The architectural details of the built temple were tinted with different colors, as well as individual elements of the sculpture.

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The Doric column rested directly on the stylobate. Its trunk was decorated with many grooves-flutes. The column was completed by a simple capital, which consisted of a round stone pad (echin) and a rectangular slab (abacus). Above the columns was an entablature, consisting of three parts. Directly on the columns lay the architrave, on it was a frieze of alternating rectangular slabs (metopes) and vertical slabs with grooves (triglyphs). Above the frieze was a cornice. The front and back facades of the temples were decorated with triangular pediments, in which sculptures were usually placed. The Ionic order was distinguished by greater lightness and elegance of proportions. The column rested on the base, and the capital that crowned it had two curls - volutes.

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The most common type of Greek temple was the peripter. Such a temple stood on a high podium, its central volume (naos) was surrounded by columns of the Doric or Ionic order. The inner space of the temple (naos, or cella) was divided into three naves by two rows of columns. In the middle nave, at the opposite wall from the entrance, stood a statue of a god. One of the most significant temples of the archaic era is the temple of Apollo in Corinth in the second half of the 6th century. BC. It is a Doric peripter with a six-columned portico. Its squat proportions are characteristic of the early Doric order. Portico - a gallery formed by load-bearing columns, located in front of the entrance to the building. Nave (fr. nef, from lat. navis - ship) - an elongated room, part of the interior, limited on one or both longitudinal sides by a row of columns or pillars separating it from neighboring naves

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This period was also the time of birth of the famous Greek plastics. In sculpture, works appeared that convey the human image, close to reality. The development of sculpture was determined by the aesthetic demands of society. Frequent armed clashes of peoples with each other demanded great physical strength from the soldiers. From a young age, the Greeks were engaged in gymnastic exercises that developed the strength of the body and fortitude of the spirit. The ancient Hellenes were sure that physical beauty testifies to an equally beautiful spirit. The formation of such a worldview was largely facilitated by the Olympic Games, the winners of which were considered equal to the gods. The image of a beautiful man was embodied in the statues of young men, the so-called kouros.

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KOUROS (Greek kú ros - young man) Gods, most often Apollo, and heroes, including athletes - winners of sports, were represented in the guise of kouros. Sometimes such statues served as tombstones. Almost all such sculptures are of the same type: as a rule, this is a full-length figure with a simplified geometrized silhouette, one half of the body is a mirror image of the other. Shackled postures, outstretched arms pressed against a muscular body. Not the slightest tilt or turn of the head, but the lips parted in a smile. In the statues of the kouros, for the first time in ancient Greek sculpture, an attempt was made to depict the human body in motion. The left leg of each of the stone youths is extended - as if he is taking a step forward. At the same time, the figure remains strictly frontal (in order to preserve its unshakable straightness, the sculptors made the left “walking” leg longer than the right one). The statues of the kouros radiate confident strength, their faces illuminated by an enigmatic "archaic" smile.

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KORA (Greek kó rē - girl), a statue of an upright girl in long robes. These were images of the young priestesses of Athena, which were usually placed on the Acropolis. The girls were depicted standing motionless in long peploses, intercepted by a belt. Kora's head with long wavy hair could be decorated with a wreath, there were earrings in her ears, and in her left hand she held a wreath or a branch.

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The sculptor surprisingly conveys the face of a young priestess with almond-shaped eyes, thin arches of eyebrows, and an elusive smile. It should be noted that the archaic sculptures were not completely white; traces of paint were preserved on many statues. The kor's hair was golden, the eyes and eyebrows were black, and the pinkish tone of the marble perfectly conveyed the color of the human body. No less elegant were the clothes of the priestesses.

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Along with architecture and sculpture, vase painting was the most developed area of ​​artistic culture during the archaic period. Vase painting styles such as black-figure pottery are associated with the Late Archaic period. Black-figure hydria Black-figure krater

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Later, the masters, trying to convey space, volume and movement, changed the depiction technique, and the silhouette black-figure painting was replaced by red-figure painting. The red-figure style made it possible to realize what was planned: the murals received the necessary volume and depth of space.

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During the archaic period, the earliest forms of ancient Greek art were formed - sculptures and vase paintings, which become more realistic in the later classical period. Poetry flourishes, in which architects, vase painters, and the most famous musicians were glorified. The archaic period, during which the system of architectural orders was created, laid the foundation for Greek plastic art and painting, determined the paths for the further evolution of Hellenic culture.

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Classical period (5th century BC - mid-4th century BC) The next, classical, period in the history of Ancient Greece was the heyday of its civilization, and the V-IV centuries. BC. - the time of the highest achievements. At this time, Athens came to the fore, which was largely due to the formation of democracy there. The Athenian state became an example in striving to develop the culture of its citizens. Theater, sports, all kinds of festivities became available not only to aristocrats, but also to ordinary citizens. The cult of the body and physical beauty has become one of the aspects of personality education. The flowering of architecture and the scope of construction characterize the cultural upsurge of Athens in the 5th century. BC. The sculpture of the Athenian masters became an example of classical perfection.

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Ordinary citizens of the city get the opportunity to solve important issues of political life at the people's assembly. The idea of ​​realizing oneself as citizens of the policy, and not just its inhabitants, was reflected primarily in the work of Sophocles, Euripides, Aeschylus, whose tragedies contributed to the successful development of the Greek theater. In many ways, it was the latter, being publicly available, that brought up patriotism and citizenship.

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In art, the ideal of a man-hero, perfect physically and morally, was fully embodied. Most of the sculptures have come down to us in late Roman copies. Of the surviving Greek originals, there is the famous statue of the "Delphic Charioteer", created around 470 BC.

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The young man is depicted full-length in a long chiton, intercepted by a belt at the waist, with reins in his hands. The flowing folds of his clothes are reminiscent of the flutes of a Doric column, but his face with eyes of colored stone acquires extraordinary liveliness, spirituality. This image, full of harmony, embodies the ideal of a perfect man, equal to the heroes of the epic. Delphic charioteer in chiton

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During the period of the early classics, the masters of the 5th century. BC. successfully solve the problem of synthesis of architecture and sculpture. Both of them act as completely equal, complementary arts. The sculptural decoration of the pediments of the temple of Zeus at Olympia (470-456 BC) is the best example of this. On one of the pediments was depicted the scene of the competition between Pelops and Oenomaus, which marked the beginning of the Olympic Games. The plot of the composition on the opposite pediment was the battle of heroes with centaurs.

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In the center of the pediment is a tall figure of Apollo. On either side of him are centaurs fighting with heroes. The faces of the latter - calm and courageous - demonstrate fortitude and confidence in victory. The whole idea of ​​the sculptural composition symbolizes the victory of the rational principle, embodied in Apollo and the Greek heroes, over the unbridled forces of nature in the person of the centaurs. The compositional solution of the sculptural groups is very thoughtful. The drama gradually grows towards the center, and suddenly Apollo, with his imperious gesture, seems to pacify this chaos.

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The great achievement of the Greek classics is undoubtedly the art of relief. The most famous work of this type of plastic art is the relief "The Birth of Aphrodite" (470-460 BC). This is a whole composition consisting of three reliefs made of Parian marble. The central one depicts the very moment of the birth of the goddess from sea foam. Two girls support Aphrodite, covering her body with a thin flowing cloth. On one of the side slabs there is a naked girl playing the flute, on the other - a woman, sitting in the same position and draped in long clothes, lights an incense burner in honor of Aphrodite.

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Middle and third quarter of the 5th c. BC. - this is the period when the leading masters of Greek plastic art - Miron, Poliklet and Phidias - worked. Their works have come down to us only in Roman marble copies of the 1st-2nd centuries. AD Myron's most famous work is "Discobolus" (460-450 BC). Miron was worried about the problem of depicting movement, capturing the moment that lies between the swing and the throw itself. The body captured by the movement is bent and tense, like a spring ready to unfold. Trained muscles bulged under the elastic skin of the arm pulled back. Toes, forming a reliable support, deeply pressed into the sand. The sculptor conveys all the power of internal tension necessary for victory.

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Unlike his contemporary Myron, Policlet liked to depict athletes not during exercise, but at rest. This powerfully built man is full of self-esteem. He stands motionless in front of the viewer. But this is not the static rest of ancient Egyptian statues. In the 5th century BC e. stiffness disappears, figures acquire movement, proportions - beauty, faces - spirituality. 5th century BC. Bronze. Ancient Greece. Spearman (Dorifor).

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One of the peaks of world artistic culture is the architectural and sculptural ensemble of the Athenian Acropolis, the construction of which is associated with the name of Phidias. On the rock of the Acropolis, on which settlements existed in the Mycenaean era, in the VI century. BC. erected many public buildings that were destroyed during the Greco-Persian wars.

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In the 50-30s. 5th century BC, during the reign of Pericles, Athens is decorated with new majestic buildings, including the most significant of them - the Acropolis ensemble

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Class: 10

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Target: contribute to the formation of students' knowledge about the artistic culture of Ancient Greece.

Tasks:

• give an idea of ​​the nature of ancient Greek architecture and sculpture;
• introduce the concept of “order” in architecture; consider their types;
• to identify the role of ancient Greek culture in the development of European culture;
• educate interest in the culture of other countries;

Lesson type: formation of new knowledge

Lesson equipment: G.I. Danilova MHC. From the origins to the XVII century: a textbook for 10 cells. - M.: Bustard, 2013. Presentation, computer, projector, interactive whiteboard.

During the classes

I. Organization of the class.

II. Preparing for the perception of a new topic

III. Learning new material

The land of Ancient Hellas still amazes with majestic architectural structures and sculptural monuments.

Hellas - this is how its inhabitants called their country, and themselves - Hellenes by the name of the legendary king - the ancestor of Hellenes. Later this country was called Ancient Greece.

The blue sea splashed, leaving far beyond the horizon. In the midst of the expanse of water, the islands were green with dense greenery.

The Greeks built cities on the islands. Talented people lived in every city, able to speak the language of lines, colors, and reliefs. SLIDE 2-3

The architectural appearance of ancient Hellas

"We love beauty without whimsicality and wisdom without effeminacy." This is how the ideal of Greek culture was expressed by a public figure of the 5th century. BC. Pericles. Nothing superfluous is the main principle of the art and life of Ancient Greece. SLIDE 5

The development of democratic city-states largely contributed to the development of architecture, which reached special heights in temple architecture. It expressed the main principles, subsequently formulated on the basis of the works of Greek architects by the Roman architect Vitruvius (second half of the 1st century BC): “strength, utility and beauty”.

Order (lat. - order) - a type of architectural structure, when the combination and interaction of bearing (supporting) and carried (overlapping) elements are taken into account. The most widespread are the Doric and Ionic (late 7th century BC) and, to a lesser extent later (late 5th - early 4th century BC) Corinthian order, which are widely used in architecture up to our time. SLIDE 6-7

In a Doric temple, the columns rise straight from the pedestal. They have no decorations, except for stripes-flutes-vertical grooves. Doric columns hold the roof with tension, you can see how hard it is for them. The top of the column is crowned with a capital (head). The trunk of a column is called its body. In Doric temples, the capital is very simple. The Doric order, as the most concise and simple, embodied the idea of ​​​​masculinity and fortitude of the character of the Greek tribes of the Dorians.

It is characterized by a strict beauty of lines, shapes and proportions. SLIDE 8-9.

The columns of an Ionic temple are taller and thinner. Below it is raised above the pedestal. Flute grooves on its trunk are located more often and flow like folds of thin fabric. And the capital has two curls. SLIDE 9-11

The name comes from the city of Corinth. They are richly decorated with floral motifs, among which images of acanthus leaves predominate.

Sometimes a vertical support in the form of a female figure was used as a column. It was called the caryatid. SLIDE 12-14

The Greek order system was embodied in stone temples, which, as you know, served as dwellings for the gods. The most common type of Greek temple was the peripter. Peripter (Greek - “pteros”, i.e. “feathered”, surrounded by columns around the perimeter). On its long side there were 16 or 18 columns, on the shorter side 6 or 8. The temple was a room that had the shape of an elongated rectangle in plan. SLIDE 15

Athens Acropolis

5th century BC - the heyday of the ancient Greek policies. Athens is turning into the largest political and cultural center of Hellas. In the history of ancient Greece, this time is usually called the “golden age of Athens”. It was then that the construction of many architectural structures that entered the treasury of world art was carried out here. This time - the reign of the leader of the Athenian democracy Pericles. SLIDE 16

The most remarkable buildings are located on the Athenian Acropolis. Here were the most beautiful temples of Ancient Greece. The Acropolis not only adorned the great city, but above all it was a shrine. When a man first came to Athens, he first of all saw

Acropolis. SLIDE 17

Acropolis means "upper city" in Greek. Settled on a hill. Temples were built here in honor of the Gods. All work on the Acropolis was led by the great Greek architect Phidias. As many as 16 years of his life, Phidias gave the Acropolis. He revived this colossal creation. All temples were built entirely of marble. SLIDE 18

SLIDE 19-38 These slides present a plan of the Acropolis, with a detailed description of the monuments of architecture and sculpture.

On the southern slope of the Acropolis was the theater of Dionysus, which accommodated 17 thousand people. Tragic and comedic scenes from the life of gods and people were played out in it. The Athenian public reacted vividly and temperamentally to everything that happened before their eyes. SLIDE 39-40

Fine art of ancient Greece. Sculpture and vase painting.

Ancient Greece entered the history of world artistic culture thanks to the wonderful works of sculpture and vase painting. Sculptures adorned the squares of ancient Greek cities and the facades of architectural structures in abundance. According to Plutarch (c. 45-c. 127), there were more statues in Athens than living people. SLIDE 41-42

The earliest works that have come down to our time are kouros and kora, created in the archaic era.

Kouros is a type of statue of a young athlete, usually naked. Reached considerable sizes (up to 3 m). Kuros were placed in sanctuaries and on tombs; they were predominantly of memorial significance, but could also be cult images. Kuros are surprisingly similar to each other, even their poses are always the same: upright static figures with a leg extended forward, arms with palms clenched into a fist extended along the body. The features of their faces are devoid of individuality: the correct oval of the face, the straight line of the nose, the oblong section of the eyes; full, bulging lips, large and round chin. The hair behind the back forms a continuous cascade of curls. SLIDE 43-45

The figures of kor (girls) are the embodiment of sophistication and sophistication. Their postures are also monotonous and static. Tightly curled curls, intercepted by diadems, are parted and descend to the shoulders in long symmetrical strands. All faces have an enigmatic smile. SLIDE 46

The ancient Hellenes were the first to think about what a beautiful person should be, and sang the beauty of his body, the courage of his will and the strength of his mind. Sculpture was especially developed in Ancient Greece, reaching new heights in the transfer of portrait features and the emotional state of a person. The main theme of the sculptors' work was man - the most perfect creation of nature.

Greek painters and sculptors begin to revive, move, they learn to walk and put their foot back a little, freezing in half a step. SLIDE 47-49

Ancient Greek sculptors really liked to sculpt statues of athletes, as they called people of great physical strength, athletes. The most famous sculptors of that time are: Miron, Poliklet, Phidias. SLIDE 50

Myron is the most beloved and popular among Greek portrait sculptors. The greatest glory was brought to Miron by his statues of victorious athletes. SLIDE 51

Statue "Discobolus". Before us is a beautiful young man, ready to throw a discus. It seems that in a moment the athlete will straighten up and the disk thrown with great force will fly into the distance.

Miron, one of the sculptors who sought to convey a sense of movement in his work. 25th century statue. Only copies have survived to this day, which are stored in various museums around the world. SLIDE 52

Polykleitos is an ancient Greek sculptor and art theorist who worked in Argos in the 2nd half of the 5th century BC. Poliklet wrote the treatise "Canon", where he first spoke about what forms an exemplary sculpture can and should have. Developed a kind of “mathematics of beauty”. He carefully peered into the beauties of his time and deduced the proportions, observing which you can build a correct, beautiful figure. The most famous work of Polykleitos is “Dorifor” (Spear-bearer) (450-440 BC). It was believed that the sculpture was created on the basis of the provisions of the treatise. SLIDE 53-54

Statue "Dorifor".

A beautiful and powerful young man, apparently the winner of the Olympic Games, walks slowly with a short spear on his shoulder. This work embodied the ideas of the ancient Greeks about beauty. Sculpture has long remained the canon (sample) of beauty. Poliklet sought to portray a person at rest. Standing or walking slowly. SLIDE 55

Around 500 B.C. in Athens, a boy was born who was destined to become the most famous sculptor of all Greek culture. He earned the fame of the greatest sculptor. Everything that Phidias did remains the hallmark of Greek art to this day. SLIDE 56-57

The most famous work of Phidias is the statue of Olympian Zeus. The figure of Zeus was made of wood, and parts from other materials were attached to the base with the help of bronze and iron nails and special hooks. The face, hands and other parts of the body were made of ivory - it is quite close in color to human skin. Hair, beard, cloak, sandals were made of gold, eyes were made of precious stones. Zeus's eyes were the size of a grown man's fist. The base of the statue was 6 meters wide and 1 meter high. The height of the entire statue, together with the pedestal, was, according to various sources, from 12 to 17 meters. The impression was created "that if he (Zeus) wanted to get up from the throne, he would blow the roof off." SLIDE 58-59

Sculptural masterpieces of Hellenism.

Classical traditions were replaced in the Hellenistic era by a more complex understanding of the inner world of man. New themes and plots appear, the interpretation of well-known classical motifs changes, approaches to the depiction of human characters and events become completely different. Among the sculptural masterpieces of Hellenism, one should name: “Venus de Milo” by Agesander, sculptural groups for the frieze of the Great Altar of Zeus in Pergamon; “Nike of Samothrokiia by an unknown author, “Laocoon with his sons” by the sculptors Agesander, Athenador, Polydorus. SLIDE 60-61

Antique vase painting.

As beautiful as architecture and sculpture was the painting of ancient Greece, the development of which can be judged from the drawings that adorn the vases that have come down to us, starting from the 11th-10th centuries. BC e. Ancient Greek craftsmen created a great variety of vessels for various purposes: amphoras - for storing olive oil and wine, craters - for mixing wine with water, lekythos - a narrow vessel for oil and incense. SLIDE 62-64

Vessels were molded from clay, and then painted with a special composition - it was called “black lacquer”. Black-figure painting was called, for which the natural color of baked clay served as a background. Red-figure painting was called, for which the background was black, and the images had the color of baked clay. Legends and myths, scenes of everyday life, school lessons, athletic competitions served as subjects for painting. Time did not spare the antique vases - many of them were broken. But thanks to the painstaking work of archaeologists, some managed to be glued together, but to this day they delight us with perfect shapes and the brilliance of black lacquer. SLIDE 65-68

The culture of Ancient Greece, having reached a high degree of development, later had a huge impact on the culture of the whole world. SLIDE 69

IV. Consolidation of the material covered

V. Homework

Textbook: chapter 7-8. Prepare reports on the work of one of the Greek sculptors: Phidias, Polykleitos, Myron, Skopas, Praxiteles, Lysippus.

VI. Lesson summary

Lesson #8

MHK-10

Fine art of ancient Greece

D.Z.: Ch.8, creative workshop back. 4 p.91

Ed.: A.I. Kolmakov

LESSON OBJECTIVES

• give an idea of ​​the fine arts of Ancient Greece; to teach to highlight the features of different types and periods of fine art (archaic, classical style, Hellenism);
• develop artistic analysis skills;
• to cultivate respect and interest in the art of antiquity.

CONCEPTS, IDEAS

• archaic;
• classic style;
• Hellenism;
• kouros;
• bark;
• vase painting;
• Phidias, Policlet, Myron, Scopas;
• black-figure and red-figure vase painting

Universal learning activities

• describe masterpieces of sculpture and vase painting;
• correlate the work of sculpture with a certain cultural and historical era;
• to characterize the features and creative manner of the individual author's style;
• prepare reports on the work of Greek sculptors;
• make sketches of paintings for vases and other household items in the artistic traditions of ancient Greek masters;
• to conduct a comparative analysis of ancient plastics with the sculptural works of ancient Egypt;
• express their own opinion about the artistic merits of individual works of fine art of ancient Greece

Knowledge check

• Explain the concepts: order system, peripter, naos, portico, pediment.
• Name the features of the Doric, Ionic and Corinthian orders.
• What type of Greek temple was widespread during the archaic period?
• What are the distinctive features of Hellenistic architecture?

STUDY NEW MATERIAL

Lesson assignment. What is the significance of the fine arts of Ancient Greece for the World civilization and culture?

sub-questions

• Sculpture and vase painting of the archaic. Kuros and bark. Masterpieces and masters of vase painting. The main stylistic differences between works of small plastic and painting. Black-figure vase painting.
• Visual art of the classical period. Red-figure vase painting. The rise of the art of sculpture. Mastery in the transfer of portrait features and the emotional state of a person. The ideal of physical strength and spiritual beauty in the work of the great masters of sculpture.
• Sculptural masterpieces of Hellenism. Novelty of themes, tragic and expressive interpretation of classical plots and images

Archaic

ARCHAIC(from the Greek. archaikos - old, ancient), in art history - the early period of ancient Greek culture.

Archaic period in the history of Greece (650-480 BC) - a term adopted among historians since the 18th century. It arose during the study of Greek art and originally belonged to the stage of development of Greek art, mainly decorative and plastic.

• A large place in the art of the archaic was occupied by sculpture, which adorned not only temples, but was also an integral part of a religious cult.
• The new ideal of beauty - a healthy human body - is embodied in the statues that have come down to us.

Archaic. Sculpture

These are male figures. kouros (i.e. young men) were installed near the temples. They were called Archaic Apollos. Huge sizes (sometimes 3m), kouros they are similar to each other, even their postures are always the same: upright figures with a leg extended forward, arms along the body with palms clenched into fists, facial features are devoid of individuality.

Female figures - bark (i.e. girls). Their postures are monotonous and static. Fancy combed hair with tight curls, intercepted diadems, separated by a parting and descending to the shoulders with long symmetrical strands. Characteristic detail: on everyone's faces enigmatic smile .

classical period

• During the classical period, sculpture reached new heights in the transfer of portrait features and the emotional state of a person.
• Numerous sculptors worked in Greece in the 5th century. BC e. Three of the most significant stand out among them: Miron, Polikleitos and Phidias.

The classical period in the history of ancient Greece is usually calculated from the end of the VI century to 338. BC e. This, in general, a short two-hundred-year period, however, is marked by the highest flowering of ancient Greek society in all spheres of life.

• Statue of Olympian Zeus - the work of Phidias, an outstanding work of ancient sculpture, one of the seven wonders of the world. It was located in the temple of Olympian Zeus, in Olympia - a city in the region of Elis, in the north-west of the Peloponnese peninsula, where from 776 BC. e. to 394 AD e. Every four years, the Olympic Games were held - competitions of Greek, and then Roman athletes. The Greeks considered unfortunate those who did not see the statue of Zeus in the temple ...

Phidias

Athena Parthenos

• Famous ancient Greek sculpture by Phidias. Time of creation - 447-438. BC e. Not preserved. Known from copies and descriptions.

Myron in his work he finally overcame the last remnants of archaic art with its stiffness and immobility of forms.

Myron

In the middle of the 5th century BC e. he made a statue Discus thrower but - young man throwing a disc. He conveyed the complex pose of an athlete tensed for a throw vividly and convincingly. And in other works Myron sought to reveal all the richness and diversity of human movements.

Athena

Discus thrower

Marsyas

Amazon

Polykleitos

Doryphorus

diadumen

Unlike Miron, his younger contemporary Polykleitos usually depicted a calmly standing person. He enjoyed special fame the statue Doryphora (spearman), an athlete-warrior, embodying the ideal of a beautiful and valiant citizen of a free policy (c. 440 BC). The pose of the young man, slightly bent with one leg and leaning on the other, is simple and natural, the muscles of his strong body are conveyed vividly and convincingly. Polykleitos built his sculptures according to the system developed by him of mathematically exact ratio of parts of the human body. The ancient Greeks called the statue of Doryphoros canon, i.e. rule ; many generations of sculptors followed its proportions in their works.

• At the end of the 5th century BC e. the period of crisis of the slave-owning policies of Greece begins.
• The war between Athens and Sparta weakened Greece. The worldview of the Greeks, their attitude to art is changing.
• The majestically sublime art of the 5th century, glorifying the hero-citizen, gives way to works that reflect individual feelings and personal experiences.

Scopas - sculptor of the 1st half of the 4th century BC e.

Pothos

Maenad

• Scopas depicts wounded warriors with faces distorted by suffering. His statue was famous maenads, companion of the god of wine Dionysus, rushing in a frantic, drunken dance (a reduced marble copy is in Dresden, in the Albertinum).

The gods were also depicted in a new way. In the statues of the famous sculptor of the 4th century. BC uh . Praxiteles the gods, having lost their greatness and power, acquired the features of earthly, human beauty. God Hermes he depicted resting after a long journey (Museum, Olympia). In the hands of the god is the infant Dionysus, whom he amuses with a bunch of grapes.

Hermes with baby Dionysus

Venus

Apollo Saurocton

Sculptor of the second half of the 4th century. BC e. Lysippus created a new image of a young athlete. in his statue Apoxyomene (of a young man cleansing the body of sand) it is not the pride of the winner that is emphasized, but his fatigue and excitement after the competition (Vatican Museum, Rome).

Hermes,

putting on sandals

Apoxyomenos

Hercules

Sculptural masterpieces of Elinism

Hares from Lindos.

The Colossus of Rhodes.

• There is a further division of art into genres. stands out decorative ceremonial genre - multi-figure lush reliefs and compositions of colossal proportions ( The Colossus of Rhodes ). Sometimes, when an event was of exceptional social significance, the artistic imagination created masterpieces. expressive-heroic plan . Takova "Nike of Samothrace" - a statue of the victorious goddess, erected in honor of the defeat of the fleet of Ptolemy

Height 32 m.

Beginning 3rd century BC.

At the entrance to the harbor

city ​​of Rhodes.

Nika

Samothrace

Agesander, Polydorus and Athenodorus "Death of Laokon and his

sons." (40 BC).

The plot of the work

borrowed from the legendary

tales of the fall of Troy.

Laocoön a, who warned the Trojans about the deceit of the Greeks, and his two sons are strangled by two giant snakes. The suffering on the face of the hero, the high tragedy of the whole composition express a silent protest against the injustice of the gods, fate.

Bust of Serapis

Cameo Gonzaga.

• Sculpture is gradually moving away from monumentalism, becoming more intimate in its own way, images of charming plump babies are being created, small plastic art is developing, cameos appear - a synthesis of plastic art and jewelry art, garden and park architecture (especially in Alexandria).

Painting

Greek painting is represented mainly vase painting Yu. The Greeks treated pottery not only as a means of creating necessary household utensils, but above all as an art.

Huge vases, sometimes reaching 1.5 m, were installed as tombstones near Greek settlements. The surface of the vases is covered with ornaments in the form of circles, triangles, squares, rhombuses ( geometric style ).

Drawings depicting the figures of warriors, chariots, men, women, birds, animals were applied with belts of unequal size and conveyed the rhythm of a circular movement subordinate to the shape of a vase.

Painting

was

wide

widespread

in Ancient Greece

in the form of frescoes and paintings on vases

Greek painting almost never survived in the originals. To some extent, the idea of monumental painting Ancient Greece can give images on Greek vases.

The years when the Greek state prospered were also the heyday of painting. ...However, the heyday of Ancient Greece is better known not for works of art, but for painting ceramics.

Artists were famous, respected and revered by the people. The most professional artists have even begun to sign their works, which no one has done before.

• Today I found out...
• It was interesting…
• It was difficult…
• I learned…
• I was able...
• I was surprised...
• I wanted…

• You can use presentation template: Shumarina Vera Alekseevna, teacher GKS (K) OU S (K) School No. 11 VIII kind. Balashov. Website: http :// pedsovet.su /

• Lebed S.G., teacher of fine arts, MHK. Ilyinsky secondary school, author of the content of the presentation