State in East. Asia. In the first half of the 1st millennium AD. e. known as the country of Yamato. The name is from the ethnonym Yamato, which refers to the union of tribes living in the center, part of about. Khonshu, and meant people of the mountains, highlanders. In the 7th century the name for the country is adopted ... ... Geographic Encyclopedia

Japan- Japan. Temple in Kyoto. JAPAN (Japanese Nihon, Nippon), a state in East Asia, on the Japanese islands (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, the Ryukyu archipelago, etc., only about 4 thousand), washed by the Pacific Ocean, Japanese, Okhotsk and East China ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

JAPAN- (Japanese Nippon Nihon), a state in the East. Asia, occupying a chain of islands (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, the Ryukyu archipelago, etc., about 4 thousand in total), washed by the Pacific Ocean, the Sea of ​​Japan, the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, and the East China Sea. 372 thousand km². population 127 million ... Big encyclopedic Dictionary

Japan- Japan. Mount Fuji on a clear day. Hokusai. Colored woodcut from the 36 Views of Mount Fuji series. 1823 1829 Japan. Mount Fuji on a clear day. Hokusai. Colored woodcut from the 36 Views of Mount Fuji series. 1823 1829 Japan… … Encyclopedic Dictionary "World History"

Japan- Nippon, country rising sun Dictionary of Russian synonyms. Japan Land of the Rising Sun Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language. Practical guide. M.: Russian language. Z. E. Alexandrova. 2011 ... Synonym dictionary

JAPAN- (Japanese Nippon, Nihon), state in East. Asia, ch. arr. on the Japanese islands (the largest Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), the Ryukyu islands (the largest Okinawa), etc., only approx. 4 thousand about the Second World War. Pl. 372.2 tons km2. Us. 120 million hours (1984). The capital of Tokyo (11.8 million … Demographic Encyclopedic Dictionary

Japan- state in East Asia. The area is 372 thousand km2. Population 127 million people The capital of Tokyo... Historical dictionary

Japan- (Japanese: Nippon, Nihon) state in East. Asia, located on 4 large islands (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu) and numerous. small ones. Pl. 372.2 thousand km2. Hac. 122 million people (1988), The capital of Tokyo. B adm. respect is divided into 43 prefectures, 3 ... Geological Encyclopedia

Japan- a state located on the islands of the Pacific Ocean (Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku, etc.), near the coast of East Asia. Ancient monuments the arts of Japan belong to the Neolithic period (8th middle of the 1st millennium BC), to so ... Art Encyclopedia

Japan- (Japan), state in East. Asia. From the beginning 17th century this isolated and backward fief, the country was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate, but in the first half of the 19th century. his dominance was seriously weakened by the economy, problems, uprisings and the penetration of weapons. zap … The World History

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Japan can be a role model for us in the field of state building. The Land of the Rising Sun is one of two states on the planet that have proven the reality of the transition from the third world to the first. We would very much like Kazakhstan to become the third such state. Moreover, there are chances. For example, culturologist Murat Auezov sees a lot in common between Kazakhs and Japanese. According to him, the Japanese believe that their distant ancestors came to the Japanese islands from the territory of present-day Kazakhstan, where they supposedly lived south of Balkhash and in Altai.

- Now Japan is getting closer to us. We need to look at the Japanese experience. To understand how the consolidation of the nation becomes possible, when in the name of the interests of the people you have to step over some very important things for you, - says Murat Auezov.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, in the Central Asian region, it was among the Kazakhs that the most widespread revolutionary sentiments associated with the expectation of independence. Which at a later time led, as we know, to terrible Stalinist repressions against the Kazakh people, when the very existence of the nation was called into question.

And here the question arises: “Why is there a charge of collaboration with Japanese intelligence in the standard set of accusations brought against representatives of the Kazakh intelligentsia by the NKVD in the thirties?” After all, it would seem, where are we, and where is Japan?

We asked Murat Mukhtarovich Auezov, a well-known culturologist in our country, to answer it.

- And yet, why Japan? What connects us with a distant island nation?

I have visited this country twice. Moreover, both of my trips were financed by a fund that exists in Japan, endowed with broader powers than the Ministry of Culture. Personally, I wanted to know what the Japanese interest in our country is based on. Of course, there are a lot of interests in the field of politics, economics, but most importantly, the Japanese want to know where they came from to these islands. Where did they even come from? This question worries almost any Japanese, since archaeological excavations date mainly from the 6th - 7th centuries BC, while artifacts are more early period not detected. And this is what we talked about. The Japanese themselves believe that their distant ancestors came to the Japanese islands from the territory of present-day Kazakhstan, where they lived, presumably, south of Balkhash and in Altai. And there are many confirmations of this.

And the second question that interested me was the phenomenon of Japan's exit from the two largest crises for it in the 19th and 20th centuries.

Remember after atomic bombing Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which forced Japan to surrender in World War II, the country was ruined. She was forced to pay huge indemnities and reparations. But, despite this, by the end of the fifties, Japan was coming out of the crisis. Therefore, the question on my part sounded like this: “How did the nation manage to consolidate in such difficult conditions and keep itself afloat?” And then I was interested in the end of the nineteenth century, when the whole of Asia, the whole East were colonized and only Japan managed to literally miraculously maintain its independence.

- I understand that this fact has the most direct relation to us. As far as I know, at the beginning of the twentieth century, everything that was connected with Japan aroused unusually keen interest among representatives of the Kazakh intelligentsia?

Yes. But at the same time, we must remember that this renaissance wave of the Kazakh intelligentsia at the beginning of the 20th century was simply amazing in its wealth and spirituality. And this is not an exaggeration at all, not admiring the victims of the totalitarian regime, not a tribute to the deceased. No, they were actually system people.

Then, it was the twenties. The situation was dramatic. Revolution in Russia. At the same time, the former horse-nomadic civilization collapsed. There were tectonic changes. Representatives of the Kazakh intelligentsia, united in the Alash-Orda party, of course, saw all this and lived with the pains of that era. They were looking for their own ways, responding to the challenges of that time. They were framed when it became necessary to fight for independence both by force of arms and by enlightening the people. At that time big interest shows to Japan Mirzhakyp Dulatov. Akhmet Baitursynov is fond of this topic. There is a deep article of my father, then still young Mukhtar Omarkhanovich Auezov, which is called “Japan”. This is an article about the Meiji reforms, revealing the events of the last third of the nineteenth century in the Land of the Rising Sun. At that time, English gunboats and the French navy were approaching the shores of Japan; Russian empire. nearest neighbor - Great China- already on his knees. China is broken. Moreover, the position of the island country is aggravated by the fact that feudal Japan itself at that time is fragmented. Power in it belongs to the feudal shoguns, who are not subordinate to the emperor.

And then something almost unbelievable happens. The most powerful of the shoguns, Tokugawa, finds the strength to rise above the hustle and bustle of the current political moment by coming to the service of the emperor. This is how the national idea of ​​this people is formed, voiced in three short phrases: emperor, Japanese people, Japanese islands. The nation is consolidating. It is rapidly developing from feudalism to capitalism. The nation is modernizing. It's actually a phenomenon. After all, soon, after some short historical period of time, the Japanese armored squadron, equipped by that time with the most modern ships, in the battle of Tsushima inflicts a catastrophic defeat on the Russian fleet. What could happen, no one could even imagine. It was a shock for the same Russia. The whole world gasped.

Therefore, the interest of the Kazakh society of the beginning of the last century in Japan is understandable. Moreover, at that time the Kazakh intelligentsia knew better their past history than we are now. And the version that the Kazakhs and the Japanese are blood brothers was widely used in the Kazakh society. At the same time, the Alash Ordinians set the Japanese as an example.

- It turns out that the NKVD officers had some grounds for far-fetched accusations of representatives of the Kazakh intelligentsia in ties with Japanese intelligence?

Here it is more appropriate to talk about the spiritual attraction of the Kazakhs to Japan, about falling in love with Japan, about admiring this people, and not about espionage.

- There are many words in Japanese that are similar to Kazakh words: kite, koi, samurai? This strikes me as extremely interesting. Tell me, what other similarities exist in the culture of our peoples, in customs and traditions?

Here several levels overlap. Well, let's say one level is when people notice the similarity of individual words that carry the same meaning. Or, say, the same "Asian" spot on the bottom of a newborn baby. The Turks, the Mongols, the Koreans, the Japanese have it. By the way, the Chinese do not have it. But, speaking seriously, there are absolutely indisputable facts confirming the very deep historical connection between the Japanese and the proto-Kazakhs, let's say. Take, for example, any Kazakh who knows about the culture of his people, about Tengrism, about the relationship of nomads to nature, such a Kazakh will feel at home in any Japanese Shinto temple. Of course, there are many different beliefs in modern Japan, but it can be said that at heart every Japanese remains a Shintoist. This faith has three postulates, which you will be told in any Shinto shrine: worship of nature, worship of the spirits of ancestors, and purity in everything. This is the same tengrism. And in this regard, the Japanese and I are much closer in worldview than with some of our Muslim brothers.

In the same local history museum in Osaka, a huge model of a bulk mound dating back to the 6th-7th centuries BC, an exact analogue of our Saka "golden" mounds, is shown. And take at least the same stone sculptures - balbals, which we have and in Japan. And there are no coincidences here. That is, the penetration of people from the mainland to the islands has been undertaken for many millennia. Suffice it to recall the same Shyngyskhan, who tried to conquer Japan.

- I think we can talk about some customs similar to the Kazakhs and the Japanese. For example, the Kazakh traditional sundetta (celebration of a newborn) actually one to one resembles the existing rite among the Japanese.

Yes, but I would like to say something else here. About the tragic pages of our history, in some way echoing the history of the Japanese people. About Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan and nuclear tests here, at the Semipalatinsk test site, conducted from 1949 to 1989. And this, of course, is a tragic relationship. In 1957, Mukhtar Omarkhanovich Auezov traveled around Japan for forty days as part of an ongoing international action against the spread of nuclear weapons. At that time, he spoke two or three times a day to the most diverse audience, feeling that he was fulfilling his filial duty to Kazakhstan, where explosions rumbled nuclear bombs. He records in his diaries the whole horror of what happened to people who were exposed to radiation. These diaries lay in vain. And now I inform the people of Kazakhstan with great joy that these records have been preserved. They are written in Arabic and have only recently been translated. Mukhtar Omarkhanovich could not publish them in Soviet time because then he did not have the opportunity. No publisher would take it. Since this would mean instant destruction in a totalitarian society. In the diaries, the pain suffered by the writer sounds along with curses to the nuclear monster.

Then, I also wanted to say. You say that in the early twenties, the leaders of Alash-Orda had an idea, looking at Japan, to consolidate their people in order to create their own independent state. I believe that such a thesis does not lose its relevance today. I see how today our people are waking up with a feeling of love for their people, for their land on which they live. For example, I respect my flag, I respect my coat of arms, I respect my people. And I want to do something for the people, to contribute at least some grain to the common cause.

- Yes, and this feeling is also very dear to me. I traveled a lot in Kazakhstan. I love Kazakh song. I returned to the Kazakh language. I am not such a tribune, although I can speak in my native language. But what I like most of all is to talk leisurely in a yurt with aksakals. I understand that this is our great wealth - a sense of belonging to our people. For all the difficulties we have, these are wonderful fruits of independence and freedom.

But once such a sense of homeland awakens in us, Japan becomes even closer to us. We need to look at the Japanese experience. Understand how the consolidation of the nation becomes possible. When in the name of the interests of the people you have to step over some very important things for you. Take, for example, the same Shogun Tokugawa, who realized that if you go to give up something in order to achieve a lofty goal, you are no longer lost to society and history. On the contrary, you are ascending to a new level in understanding yourself as a person. And this is very important for us. Because many of us hold on to our status quo instead of trying to enter a new dimension. Into the high being of one's spirit.

Serik MALEEV, Almaty

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Until recently, Japan remained a closed country. The older generation has a biased attitude towards visitors, and young people treat foreigners well. Asel Maratova visited Kazakhstanis in the Land of the Rising Sun and asked them about their life there.

In 2004, when Ainash (a student of the Faculty of Philology) faced the question of choosing a second foreign language, she decided to learn Japanese.

Ainash Dusanova, in Japan 2.5 years

Where else to use the language, if not in Japan? Last time I came for a year and lived in Tsukuba - a city about 40 minutes from Tokyo. By local standards, it is considered a village. I went as a tourist to Tokyo and decided that next time I would definitely settle there. I wanted to feel what it means to be a part big city.

I have been here for 2.5 years, studying for a master's degree. I like the local approach to learning. In Kazakhstan, they give tasks - they must be completed on time, study according to the schedule drawn up by the university and get an assessment for this. Here the student must receive a certain number of points. And you yourself choose the subject, time and teacher. I made a schedule for myself that allowed me to attend university three times a week. Because the main goal is to score a certain number of points in two years. How and in what way - it does not matter, the main thing is the result.

Living in another country builds character. In Kazakhstan, no matter how independent you are, there are always relatives nearby. Besides, studying in Japan is not as fun as it is here. It is immediately felt that the students came here for knowledge, and not for friends. There are five of us in the group - four guys and me. Of course, I have with everyone a good relationship, one of my classmates is mine best friend. But… we have known each other for 2.5 years, and still communicate with each other extremely politely. For me it's strange, for them it's absolutely normal.
Sempai ( approx. ed. - seniors) can tell you where to look for the right material, but nothing more. I am now in my second year - if a kohai comes to me with a question from the first, then I just send it to the library with the words "this is such literature, but you yourself must read everything."

Starting next year, I'm going to work, though I don't know what position yet. All the guys who were interviewed were shown about 10 possible positions. But it is still unknown what position I will get. We are asked where we would like to go, but the employer has the last word.

I like that at the time of graduation from the university, students are already employed. For third-year and first-year students, special websites are created where companies post information about themselves and available vacancies, indicating the field of activity, conditions, and salaries. Based on this data, students then pass tests and interviews.

"We pray that you will find the most suitable job for you."

A large number of suicides occur mainly during this period. For example, I submitted about 15 applications, and the Japanese on average apply to 50-80 companies. A positive response comes from 1-2 companies, from other places - a refusal. This is the greatest stress. The letters do not explain the reasons, but simply say "We are forced to refuse you." At the end - the standard phrase "we pray that you find the most suitable job for you." The Japanese joke about this phrase - "today a prayer came to me again." On the one hand, it is good to be employed at the time of graduation. But, on the other hand, the process is very nervous.

I want to work here for 5-6 years, look at the rotation of employees - they change every three years. After three years in the marketing department in Tokyo, you may be sent for the next three years to the personnel department in a village or in another country. Any relocation is at the expense of the company. During these two years I have already seen a lot of people, connections have appeared.

Sibagat came to the Land of the Rising Sun at the age of 19, in April 2008. He entered the Tokyo University of Foreign Languages ​​under the MEXT scholarship program of the Ministry of Education of Japan. I studied the language in Tokyo for a year, after that I lived and studied physics in Tsukuba, Japan's Silicon Valley, for four years.

Sibagat Aldiyarov, 25 years old, in Japan for almost 7 years

When I arrived here, I practically did not know the language. To be honest, I even doubted that I would be able to pass the exams, since the guys from Kazakhstan who applied and took the exams with me already knew the language a little. And I was just starting to learn katakana and hiragana (Japanese alphabet). In the entrance tests, he focused more on mathematics, physics and chemistry than on languages. At the time of the entrance tests, I was already studying physics at Novosibirsk State University and decided not to change my specialty. Apparently, they took me for good results in core subjects.

I cannot boast of the story of how Japan attracted me. I just knew that there are good technologies here, science is developed. I came here to study and come back to Kazakhstan. After receiving a bachelor's degree, he entered the master's program at the University of Tokyo and moved to the city of Sagamihara, which is located between Yokohama and Tokyo. By the way, Yokohama is probably the most beautiful and modern city in Japan. Especially Minato-mirai ("Future Harbor"), where the country's tallest skyscrapers are located.

Recently, various information has appeared on the "network" about Kazakh students who come abroad to study, but in reality they are just having fun. Here, mostly students who came on scholarships. And I can not say that someone came just to have fun. In order to get an education here, you have to really try. In Japanese universities, a constant presence in the classroom is accepted, absenteeism is not welcome.

Living in Tokyo requires a minimum of 100,000-120,000 yen per month.

In the first years I was very afraid to fail the exams, so I completely immersed myself in my studies. Gradually, he began to earn extra money by translating, teaching languages, and conducting excursions. Japan is a country with a very high standard of living and, as a result, prices. I studied on a government scholarship that covered the minimum necessities of life. For a bachelor's degree, it was 118,000 yen (182,560 tenge), and for a master's degree, 147,000 yen (227,426 tenge). Living in Tokyo requires a minimum of 100-120 thousand yen per month.

I have the impression that Japanese students in the humanities are more sociable than those who study in the technical or natural sciences. In Japan, it is not customary to hold alumni meetings; meetings of those who were in the same interest club at the university are more common. I decided to temporarily suspend my master's studies and concentrate on finding a job in a Japanese company.

I am looking for a job now. The Japanese have such a thing as shuukatsu - students look for work in an organized way a year before graduation. All companies hold job fairs, special seminars. Based on their results, several rounds of interviews are held. I went through several interviews and one psychological test. But, unfortunately, I did not receive invitations to these companies. I will prepare more carefully for the next interviews.

I miss sour cream, black bread, buckwheat, kazy and horse meat in general. I really miss Tulebayka, the Arbat and the stadium on Masanchi-Shevchenko, near which I used to live.

Until graduation, people usually do not get a full-time position in the company, they only earn extra money. But sometimes there can be problems with this. For example, if we conduct experiments in laboratories, then we try not to leave before the boss. Even if the work is done, everyone is doing their own thing: surfing the Internet, talking to each other, reading articles. If the head is in place, then no one goes home, as there may be an unscheduled meeting in the laboratory. I liked that the Japanese keep a respectfully polite distance. No one interferes in your affairs, but at the same time everyone is ready to help.

Before coming to Japan, Usen studied at Tomsk State University. Like the previous hero, he came to the country on a Japanese government program to get degrees.

Usen Galym, 12 years in Japan

I experienced culture shock. For the first time, I had to communicate with people in a language that was not my native language. It was both challenging and interesting at the same time. In general, many people call this country one of the most exotic. To some extent, it is. A different way of thinking, a different mentality, these constant bows to each other, distance in relationships.

Students under this program are required to study Japanese for one year. This time was the most difficult for me, because according to the results of the program, the university was determined and future life in Japan. The study was very difficult. And after entering the university it became a little easier. At first, it was not possible to establish normal contact with classmates. It was only after I joined the sports club that I began to communicate more.

The Japanese are tolerant of other people's opinions, lifestyle, worldview. Always think about others and about the consequences of their actions. Therefore, they think over every step they take.

At the same time, I don’t like that people keep their distance and are not emotional. I am far from the most temperamental person, but even by my standards, the Japanese are too reserved. They do not allow themselves to show natural joy or displeasure. Recently there was a case - I went skiing and watched a scene between mother and daughter. The little girl managed to ride on her own, but instead of encouraging her child, hugging the girl, the woman only allowed herself to clap her hands.

The Japanese do not allow themselves to show natural joy or displeasure.

When a graduate is hired, often his specialty or grades at the university do not play a special role. All recruits are given training, and only after a few months of training they are distributed within the company. At the university, I studied economics, but I wanted to work as a programmer. Thanks to such intense training, in a few months I learned to write programs like my colleagues with engineering education. The Japanese look more at potential and compatibility with company culture than academic knowledge.

In Japanese companies, the sempai-kohai social hierarchy is well preserved. This is expressed in the fact that sempai is always right. It is undesirable to leave work while the boss is in place. Our company cannot be called traditional from the point of view of the average Japanese, but even we feel the senior-junior hierarchy.

Japan has relatively low labor productivity. Here, the work that an employee does in a long 12-hour day can be done in a shorter time. A lot of attention is paid to details.

This year marks 12 years since I came here. But I plan to return home as I originally went to Japan to gain experience and knowledge. No matter how well I speak Japanese, I will always be an outsider here.

(In the photo from left to right Kainar and Darkhan)

Two young guys from Astana have been living and studying in Osaka for almost five years: Kainar and Darkhan. Both are 23 years old. Over a cup of coffee, the guys talked about how they live. Kainar was the first to arrive in the Land of the Rising Sun.

Kaynar

My mother often went on business trips and visited many countries, she liked Japan the most. This country also interested me, I began to read about Japan on the Internet. I liked their culture, achievements in the field of new technologies and economy, music. When I was in the 10th grade, I learned about the recruitment to the group for the study of the Japanese language. I immediately announced to my family that I would learn Japanese. After studying for six months at ENU, he decided to enter Osaka University. On January 6, 2010, I arrived in this country, and already in March of this year I completed my education as a programmer. I want to stay here until the middle of summer, then I will return home. I would stay and live here a little longer, but I'm needed more at home than here.

The first shock in Japan was the hostel we lived in. From the airport to the city, we (me and another Kazakh, Aidar) came by metro, and from the station by car. After unpacking all things, we decided to take a walk. As soon as we left the hostel, we found ourselves in a completely different world. There were only homeless people around, the area itself turned out to be very poor. This was not the Japan I had read about.

Darkhan is studying to be an economist. As it turned out, the guys knew each other in Astana. Both studied the language in the Kazakh-Japanese center. Darkhan's acquaintance with the language and culture of the country of samurai began in the 11th grade, when he and his friends jokingly told the teacher that they would enter the University of Tokyo. Later, one of my classmates suggested, "why don't we learn the language and go to Japan?"

We came to the Kazakh-Japanese center. Despite the fact that the period for passing the entrance tests in hiragana and katakana has passed, we managed to enroll in the courses. There he met and became friends with Kainar. A year later, I entered the Eurasian University, and by this time Kainar had already left for Japan. My teacher once asked: "Since Kainar left, maybe you should try?" He replied, "Why not?" Actually, I wanted to go to Tokyo, but since Kainar was Osaka, sensei advised me to go here. I was settled in a good hostel, a five-minute walk from the language school. When I got used to it a little, I decided to ride a bike to Kainar. The area where my friend lived shocked me. Around the homeless - mostly people who suffered as a result of a strong earthquake in Kobe in 1995. They were relocated to that area, but not equipped.

There were also pleasant moments. The first thing that catches your eye is the service. In any institution, people are met and escorted with bows. Everyone is very polite.

Darkhan

Sometimes when you go home for the holidays, you get a shock. You see how rude they are to a person who just asked for directions. Or in a store. I still can’t get used to the fact that sometimes there is no change in stores - they give you a box of matches.

Kaynar

We taught at home polite form language, and here everyone speaks the Kansai dialect. Outside the walls of the school, we did not understand what they were telling us and what they wanted from us. Therefore, when buying or ordering food, they simply pointed to the picture. At first, I couldn't eat certain foods at all.

Darkhan

I tried to eat familiar foods like hamburgers. Over time, Japanese friends appeared - they showed us what, how and in what sequence to eat. After that, Japanese cuisine began to please. Friends explained that with what sauce or in what order to eat; Having tried everything in the right order, you remember the taste for a lifetime. When you return to Kazakhstan, you start to miss this food.

Japan is considered one of the most expensive countries in the world. Usually people try to come here on scholarships.

Kaynar

I don't get a scholarship. My mom pays for everything. In Japan, I try to earn a living by myself, I work in a Hard rock cafe. I have been teaching Russian for half a year now, doing translations. Japan has been a closed country for a long time the strongest is coming division into Japanese and foreigners. I have Arab friends, they are generally not hired anywhere. Just for looks, even if they speak the language well.

Darkhan

We are lucky with the Asian appearance. The problem with the attitude of locals towards foreigners hardly concerns us. Kainar generally looks like a Japanese. They take me for a mestizo - I say jokingly that my father is Kazakh and my mother is Japanese. And as for the rest of the foreigners… even if a person speaks the language well, he will always be treated as an outsider. But in general, the Japanese are very friendly people. They are not openly rude.

Two years ago I started doing jiu-jitsu, lately I have started going out more often. Before, I spent all my time at home, working out. Sometimes we meet with local Kazakhs. Chinese Kazakhs also live here - they speak pure Kazakh, Japanese or English, they do not speak Russian. Unfortunately, we live in different parts of the city, so we rarely see each other.

I miss the normal human relations. Of course, you can find your social circle anywhere. Even in Japan. But Japanese society does not accept us. The Japanese draw a line that you can never cross.

When I return home, I feel - everything around is dear. Yes, our people are sometimes rude. But they are open. In Japan, it's every man for himself. And in Kazakhstan - if you have a friend, he will not leave you in a difficult situation.

I miss different things. By beer. I love Kazakh beer. It is much better than Japanese.

Kaynar

I've been dating a girl for 8 months now. Her name is Ayu Kagawa, she is now 21 years old. Studied Arabic language and Arabic culture. Ayu was already in Astana, lived with us for three weeks. He wants to go with me to Kazakhstan.

Aisulu Zhusupova, surgical oncologist, lives in Japan for 4 years

I first came to Tokyo in 2009 for an internship. I was struck by the high quality medicine in Japan, and I decided to return here later. After graduating from the Medical University in Astana, she completed an internship and clinical residency at the Kazakh Research Institute of Oncology and Radiology, in the Department of Breast Tumors. At this time, the opportunity arose to go to the oncology center in Tokyo.

Here, after the discovery of cancer, patients live much longer than in other countries. They are rehabilitated, returning to normal life. I wanted to study in Japan in order to use my knowledge in Kazakhstan later. That's why I came here again to get my doctorate in oncology.

It was not at all difficult to adapt, I liked everything from the very beginning: developed and convenient infrastructure, healthy and tasty food (especially seafood), cultured people, high level of service, very rich story and traditions. I would like to emphasize separately that Japan is one of the safest countries in the world. Over the past few years, I have made friends with many Japanese people, and they have become family to me. The Japanese are not just tolerant of each other, they greatly respect those who have moral principles and foundations. Some of my friends have already visited Kazakhstan, some of them are planning to come to us in the near future. I think we have a lot in common with the Japanese.

The Japanese take work very seriously. You can learn a lot from them: strict discipline, responsibility, in-depth study of your business, strong corporate spirit. It seems to me that our students should come to this country to study, for internships. Here you can get not only excellent knowledge, but also learn how to work, achieve results.

I miss Kazakhstan, I come 2 times a year. I want to use my knowledge and experience in the future to prolong the lives of our people.

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In April 2014, the finals of the International Olympiad in Tatar Language and Literature ended with a small sensation - a young student from Japan, Yuto Hishiyama, was recognized as the best expert on the Tukai language. The winner of the Grand Prix of the Olympiad did not stop there - he entered the master's program at KFU and improved his knowledge for two years. Now Yuto speaks and writes fluently in Tatar, gives interviews about Tatars and Tatarstan, publishes scientific articles with the results of his research in the field of Tatar grammar. She maintains social media accounts in Tatar. In a conversation with a correspondent of IA "Tatar-inform" Yuto Hishiyama spoke about his experience of learning the language and impressions of Tatarstan and communication with the Tatars.

The “Tatar story” by Yuto Hishiyama has been going on for seven years, during which time the Japanese managed not only to make new friends among the Tatars, but also to find followers among compatriots. A year ago, Yuto and the winner of the 2017 International Tatar Language and Literature Olympiad Mizuki Nakamura, as well as her husband Akira Sakurama, who also studies Tatar, wrote and published a book in Japan about Tatarstan and the Tatars. The book titled “Tatarstan Fanbook” (or Tatarstan Funbook) was published by Publib with a circulation of 1500 copies, and is intended for a wide range readers.

Yuto Hishiyama teaches Tatar language students in Japan, and thanks to him more and more compatriots learn about Tatar culture, Tatars, Tatarstan. Why does a resident of Japan have such an interest in the Tatars? How did he manage to achieve such perfection in language? How is the education system in Japan different from ours? These are the questions we asked Yuto Hishiyama himself.

About myself and my family

– Yuto, tell us a little about your family – where were you born, who are your parents? Do you have a girlfriend?

I was born in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. It is located north of Tokyo. Father's native village is also in this prefecture. Dad works as a journalist, knows English well. Mom grew up in the city of Nagasaki, worked there on television. There are three children in the family - me and two younger sisters. The eldest is already married, the youngest works as an artist. There are no girls yet.

About the education system in Japan

At what age did you go to school? visited Kindergarten?

In Japan, first grade starts at the age of 6. Children preschool age brought up in kindergartens. There are two kinds of kindergartens in Japan: Yotien and Hoikuen. In Yotien kindergartens, children stay until lunch, and in Hoikuen until evening. From the age of 4, I was brought up in Yotien for two years.

- What school did you go to? What is your education system?

We have three types of schools: elementary, middle and high school. Primary School 6 years, middle - 3 years, higher - 3 years. Primary and high school, that is, 9 years of education is compulsory. To enter higher education, you have to pass exams. Academic year starts in April and ends in March.

I studied at ordinary schools in Tokyo. Even in primary school, he was interested in foreign languages, learned the capitals of all countries and tried to draw a map of the world on paper. In high school, my interest shifted to foreign languages, in particular, I began to study Korean and Turkish on my own. There was a desire to enter the department of the Turkish language of the University of Tokyo foreign languages. Therefore, in high school in order to successfully pass the exams, he intensively studied English.

How are they admitted to higher education? educational institution? Is there a system of the Unified State Examination, like in Russia? Are there university entrance exams?

- For admission to public universities you have to pass exams like the exam. We call them "Central Exams". Then you have to take your own university exams. You do not need to take central exams to enter private universities. Since the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies is a public one, I took both types of exam. Exams are taken from January to March, that is, until the end of schooling. Those who failed to pass the exams begin to prepare to take them next year - at home or attend special courses.

- Do you manage to get a job after graduation? In Turkey, for example, graduates are given referrals. And in Russia, you have to look for work on your own.

Usually students start looking for a job in their third year. Usually, even at university, you already know what industry you want to go into, and after receiving a diploma, you apply to companies from this industry. There are those that send more than 100 applications to various firms. Finding a job is not so easy, however, according to statistics, this year 98% of university graduate applicants found a job.

“The reason for learning the Tatar language was the song “Aerylmagyz”

– Why did you start studying the Tatar language?

– As I have already said, since childhood I have been interested in foreign countries. Then, with pleasure, I began to study foreign languages, especially Turkish. Therefore, in 2009, I entered the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies in the Turkish language department of the Faculty of Foreign Languages. After studying Turkish there for two years, I became interested in learning other Turkic languages. At our university there were classes in Uzbek, Kazakh, Uighur, and I also studied these languages.

In August 2011, I listened to the song “Ayylmagyz” on YouTube. I really liked this song. There was a desire to master this language. I tried it, I liked it. The study of the Tatar language seemed to me more interesting than the study of other Turkic languages. Therefore, I decided to continue.

After listening to this song, Yuto wanted to learn Tatar

The Internet helped me a lot. I read Tatar media on the Web, watch the TNV channel and listen to Tatar radio. On YouTube, I listen to Tatar songs and watch Tatar films. I studied the grammar of the Tatar language using the Tatar language textbook written in German (Margarete I. Ersen-Rasch, TATARISCH, Lehrbuch für Anfänger und Fortgeschrittene, Harrassowitz Verlag, 2009). Tatar is very similar to Turkish. Therefore, Tatar grammar and Tatar words similar to Turkish are not difficult for me to study. If something is not clear, look it up in a dictionary. I love the Tatar language and want to know more about it.

– You have a lot of experience in learning different languages. Please share what qualities helped you? Is it enough to have an interest, a desire to learn a language, or do you also need natural abilities, a penchant for languages? Is a good memory also important?

- First of all, of course, there must be interest, desire. And if you have the ability, you can probably master the language in more short time. And more importantly, depending on mother tongue Learning a language can be either easy or difficult. There are languages complex system pronunciation or writing, and grammar rules - with many exceptions. Such languages, for sure, are difficult for almost everyone. The grammar of the Turkic languages, including Tatar, is similar to the grammar of the Japanese language, there are few exceptions to the rules. Therefore, the study of the Turkish, Tatar language, unlike, for example, Russian, was not very difficult for me.

Memory, I believe, plays very important role. Because when you learn a language, you need to learn and keep in mind not only the rules of grammar, but also thousands of words. And when you study such languages ​​as Russian, you must also remember the exceptions. Therefore, it is probably better to learn languages ​​at a young age.

- How do your parents and friends perceive your passion for the Tatar language?

- Parents know what kind of person I am, that since childhood I have been interested in foreign languages. Therefore, they were not particularly surprised that I began to study Tatar. Friends the same.

About the subtleties of the Tatar language

– As a linguist, what interesting features would you note the Tatar language?

- The biggest feature of Tatar (and Bashkir), which distinguishes them from other Turkic languages, is that the vowels seem to have changed places. For example, if in some word in other Turkic languages ​​the vowel [o] is used, then in the Tatar language the vowel [u] is used: in Turkish - on, in Tatar un (ten). And vice versa: [u] in other Turkic languages, and in the Tatar language - [o]. For example, in Turkish the word for "flour" is un, in Tatar it is already "he". You can also note a large number of expressions, tracing from the Russian language. For example, in the Tatar language they say: “Sina nichi yash?” (How old are you? - Ed.) In Turkish "Sen kaç yaşIndasın?" (At what age are you? - Ed.), in Kazakh it also sounds “Sen neshe zhastasyn?”. And in the Tatar language, the pronoun goes in the directive (dative) case, this is possibly the result of the influence of the Russian language.

– You write with knowledge of the peculiarities of the Tatar language. How do you manage to capture subtleties?

– The most important thing is to pay attention to how the language is used in real life. This can only be learned by interacting with people. Therefore, visiting Tatarstan and communicating with the Tatars helped me a lot in mastering the language.

– Are Japanese and Tatar languages ​​similar?

There are similarities in grammar. For example, the word order in both cases is SOV (Subject, object, verb - subject, direct object and predicate - Ed.).

« common feature in the mentality of the Tatars and the Japanese - diligence "

- Communicating with the Tatars, what features of the Tatar people did you pay attention to?

– When I lived in Kazan, I did not see much difference between Tatars and Russians. There is different people. I think it's more important what country you live in. I can tell the differences between the inhabitants of Japan and Russia. For example, in Russia it is not customary to smile when communicating with strangers. In Japan, according to etiquette, you should smile even at strangers. When I came to Russia for the first time, I was a little afraid of the offended look of cashiers in stores.

– How much do people in Japan know about Tatarstan, Tatars?

- Since Tatarstan is not an independent state, very few people know about it. If you go out on the streets in Tokyo and ask people, I think 90-95 percent will answer "I don't know, I haven't even heard." Many people know Alina Zagitova, but they don’t know that she is a Tatar, they think that she is Russian. Kazan probably knows more people. During the World Cup, the Japanese national team was based in Kazan. My comrades and I opened a blog and published a book about Tatarstan and the Tatars. The book came out in November last year. We hope that there will be more people who know about Tatarstan and Tatars.

– Did you manage to visit the villages of Tatarstan? Did you find something interesting for yourself?

– Yes, in 2013 I visited a village in Zelenodolsk district. My first Tatar friend, whom I met in Tokyo, called me there. it home village his moms. They treated me to Tatar dishes, as far as I remember, dumplings, they came up with Tatar name- Yunus.

In 2015 and 2016, he traveled to one of the villages in the Aznakaevsky district. This is the home village of another friend of mine. With a friend I climbed Chatyrtau, and for the first time I went to the Tatar bath.

Compared to villages in Japan, they differ in that the roads are not yet paved. And the design of houses, of course, is different. You have a lot of one-story houses, but we generally have two-story houses. Tatar villages are in open areas, and Japanese ones are in the mountains. There are also common features. There are many old people in the villages, few young people.

As for the cuisine, there are more differences than common. Japan is an island nation. We have a lot of different seafood. The main food is rice. Therefore, raw fish and rice sushi is like a symbol of Japanese cuisine. A common feature in the mentality of the two peoples is diligence and diligence.

- Where are you now, what are you doing?

– Now I am studying linguistics at the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. I write articles about the grammar of the Tatar language, speak at conferences. I plan to come to Kazan in early November to participate in the conference.

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