Ministry of Education and Science Russian Federation Public Educational Institution of Omsk "Gymnasium No. 85" Ancient mythology in the Chronicles of Narnia "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe"
Completed by: Isabekova Alina, Safarova
Milena
5-1 grade student
BEI "Gymnasium No. 85"
5-1 class
Supervisor:
Nogina L.V., teacher of the Russian language and
literature
Introduction
The relevance of the topic: the research lies in the fact that the problem of mythologism in the "ChroniclesNarnia" Lewis has not yet stopped the subject of a comprehensive systematic study in
domestic science, despite the significant popularity of the creative heritage of this
British writer.
The novelty of the work lies in the interdisciplinary approach, which consists in the study
the problem posed in the literary, linguistic and philosophical aspects, and
also in the study of the role of myth at the plot, character and ideological levels
artistic world"Chronicles of Narnia".
The purpose of the project work is to compare mythical and artistic characters.
Tasks:- determine in what way mythological
stories from K.S. Lewis are converted to
artistic;
The myth is...
Ancient times:- similar to religion;
- interpreted as a genuine event;
- served as a role model.
Nowadays:
- interpreted as a "fairy tale", fiction, fiction;
- fiction performing a particular function;
- thanks to the myth, a person discovers
rationality and the interconnection of everything that happens in
life
The work of C. S. Lewis. The history of the creation of the book "The Lion, the Witch and the Cloth
The Chronicles of Narnia began long before they were written.The image of a faun walking in the winter forest with an umbrella and
bundles under his arm, stalked Lewis since he was 16.
The prototype of Lucy Pevensie is June Flewett, daughter
teacher of ancient languages at St. Paul's School. Lewis did not invent the country of Narnia, but found it in the Atlas
ancient world when I was learning Latin, getting ready
for admission to Oxford. Narnia - Latin name
city of Narni in Umbria.
Geographic prototype that inspired Lewis
most likely located in Ireland, in the village
Rostrevor in the south of County Down.
Images of ancient mythology in the book by C. S. Lewis “The Chronicles of Narnia. The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe"
Faun Tumnus - British gentlemanHas a "strange but pleasant
face", curly hair, brown
eyes, short beard, horns on
forehead, protruding ears,
reddish skin covered
black wool goat's feet,
cloven hooves, long
tail, and the growth of only a few
taller than Lucy Pevensie.
Despite the winter and snow, walks with
bare-chested, though wearing a scarf and
umbrella.
In ancient mythology, Faun (Pan) is a spirit or
deity of forests and groves, god of shepherds and
fishermen in Greek mythology
This is a cheerful god and companion of Dionysus, always
surrounded by forest nymphs, dancing with them and
plays the flute for them. It is believed that Pan
possessed a prophetic gift and endowed it
the gift of Apollo.
Centaur
Centaurs were in Aslan's army whenthe peoples of Narnia fought against the White
witches in the battle at the ford of Beruna.
Centaurs are very wise and knowledgeable
creatures. Very often they become
soothsayers, astrologers and
healers.
Centaurs have always been on the side
Aslan, and the kings respected them and often
turned to them for advice and help.
Inhabitants of mountains and forest thickets, accompany
Dionysus and are distinguished by a violent disposition and
intemperance. Presumably
centaurs were originally the incarnation
mountain rivers and turbulent streams In heroic
myths, only centaurs are
educators of heroes, others are hostile
them.
Dryads and Naiads
For Lewis, these are the spirits of the elements that keeppeace and harmony in Narnia. Coming out of the forest
at the first call of Aslan on the day of creation
Narnia. Dryads, naiads and maenads in Narnia
awaken when the earth itself decides
wake up - to take an active
participation in what is happening.
In ancient mythology, dryads are
ancient mythology forest nymphs,
patroness of trees. It was believed that
dryads are inseparable from the tree with which
bound and die when the tree dies.
Naiads are deities in Greek mythology,
were nymphs of water sources - rivers,
streams and lakes.
10. Giants (giants)
Lewis the Giant Rumblebuffin has a veryeducated and tactful, knowledgeable
secular etiquette, from a family with traditions
Giants in ancient mythology are monstrous giants born of a goddess
land of Gaea from drops of blood of the sky god Uranus.
Titans rebelled against the Olympian gods
were defeated by them with the help of Hercules and
thrown into the depths of the earth.
11. Minotaurs
In the army of the White Witchminotaurs were present. They are
served the White Witch and came to
stone table, responding to her
call. They witnessed death
Aslan, and then participated in the battle at
Ford of Beruna.
AT ancient Greek mythology The minotaur is a monster with the body of a man and the head of a bull,
who lived in a labyrinth on the island of Crete.
Minotaur, whose real name was
Asterius, born of Pasiphae, wife of Minos.
His father was a bull that came out of the sea.
12. Other mythological creatures mentioned in the book
Sirens are sea creatures that personifya charming, but insidious
sea surface, under which
sharp cliffs and shoals are hidden,
half-woman, half-fish or half-bird.
Triton - ancient Greek god, messenger
depths, son of Poseidon and Amphitrite, father
all newts
Unicorn creature, symbolizes
chastity, in a broad sense spiritual
purity and searching. Represent it in the form
a horse with one horn coming out of its forehead.
13. Myth and Reality in Lewis' The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
Transitions from the real world to the fantastic and back are made:- without any effort on the part of the heroes
-very fast, literally in a fraction of a second, and therefore imperceptible to the children themselves
Fulfillment of the highest destiny, accomplishment of a feat
Spiritual reincarnation
14. Conclusion
The book teaches the reader not only howgrow morally, above yourself or
life circumstances, but also
what in real life there is always a place for a miracle and
magic. And this applies not only to children,
because, as the author wrote, “But someday you
grow up to the day when you start again
read fairy tales".
Content
I. Introduction. The urgency of the problem.
II. Main part.
1.Myth in contemporary literature.
3. Images of ancient mythology in the book by K.S. Lewis The Chronicles of Narnia. A lion. The Witch and the Wardrobe"
4. Myth and Reality in Lewis' The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe.
III. Conclusion.
IV. Used Books.
V. Application ( Electronic presentation“Ancient Mythology in the Chronicles of Narnia (“The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe”).
Introduction
The urgency of the problem.
Thing my research work became images of ancient mythology in the book by K.S. Lewis The Chronicles of Narnia. The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe.
Object of study : book by K.S. Lewis The Chronicles of Narnia. The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe.
Relevance The theme of the research is to show how, through ancient mythology, the language of a fairy tale, the author touches on a huge number of rather serious things - and not just the theme of life and death, the moral growth of a person, but also what is beyond the death line, in an accessible way for children. perception of the presentation.
Novelty my work is to explore the role of images of ancient mythology on the plot and ideological levels of the artistic world of The Chronicles of Narnia. The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe.
A cycle of seven fantasy books (fairy tales) in one number refers the reader to biblical topics, the books tell about the adventure of children in magical land where animals and trees can talk, magic is everyday life, and good fights evil.
Target design work consists in determining the role of the ancient mythological characters in the work.
The goal defines the followingtasks:
Identify which mythological images are presented in the bookK.S. Lewis The Chronicles of Narnia. The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe";
Determine the artistic functions of ancient images in"The Chronicles of Narnia. The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe"K.S. Lewis.
The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the observations and conclusions obtained in the course of the work can be used in literature lessons.
II . Main content.
1. The concept of myth in modern literature.
AT modern world the concept of myth is interpreted as a "fairy tale", fiction, fiction. Most precise definition myth gives Literary encyclopedic Dictionary"Myths are creations of a joint popular fantasy that reflect reality in the form of sensually concrete personifications and animated creatures that are thought of as real."
However, it should be taken into account that in primitive societies the concept of a myth was interpreted as a genuine event and myths served as a subject for imitation. It is also noteworthy that for primitive communities myth was like religion. AT ancient times when primary attempts were made to interpret myths, i.e. scholars of ancient Greece carried out the interpretation Greek myths they have already begun to lose their credibility. At the same time, a point of view appeared that myths are a fiction that performs a particular function. In modern literature, incl. in the works of K.S. Lewis's mythology serves as a model to follow. It is thanks to the myth that a person discovers the rationality and interconnection of everything that happens in life.
2. Creativity K.S. Lewis. The history of the creation of the book "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe".
In his main specialty, C.E. Lewis was a literary historian. For most of his life he taught the history of literature of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance at Oxford, and in the end he headed a department created especially for him at Cambridge. In addition to five scientific books and a huge number of articles, Lewis has published eight books in the genre of Christian theology. During World War II, the BBC's religious broadcasts made him famous throughout Britain, Europe and the US, with a spiritual autobiography, three parables, three science fiction novels and two collections of poetry.The books for children that brought Lewis worldwide fame were far from the most important of his writings.
Lewis liked to say that The Chronicles of Narnia began long before it was written. The image of a faun walking through a winter forest with an umbrella and bundles under his arm had haunted him since the age of 16 and came in handy when Lewis first - and not without some fear - came face to face with children with whom he did not know how to communicate. In 1939, several girls evacuated from London during the war lived in his house near Oxford. Lewis began to tell them fairy tales: so the images that lived in his head began to move, and after a few years he realized that the story that was being born needed to be written down. The prototype of Lucy Pevensie is considered to be June Flewett, the daughter of a teacher of ancient languages at St. Paul's School, who was evacuated from London in 1939 and found herself in Lewis's house.
Lewis did not invent the country of Narnia, but found it in the Atlas of the Ancient World when he studied Latin, preparing to enter Oxford. Narnia is the Latin name for the city of Narni in Umbria. Blessed Lucia Brocadelli, or Lucia of Narnia, is considered the heavenly patroness of the city.
The geographic prototype that inspired Lewis is most likely in Ireland. Lewis had loved northern County Down since childhood and traveled there more than once with his mother. He said that "heaven is Oxford transported to the middle of County Down". Lewis even named the exact place that became the image of Narnia for him - this is the village of Rostrevor in the south of County Down, more precisely the slopes of the Mourne Mountains, from where a view of the glacial fjord Carlingford Lough opens.
3. Images of ancient mythology in the book by K.S. Lewis The Chronicles of Narnia. The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe.
The book "Lion. The Witch and the Wardrobe” are not just filled with characters from ancient mythology - fauns, centaurs, dryads and maenads. K.S. Lewis, who was well versed in ancient mythology, does not just show us ancient mythological heroes, "cleansed" of everything rude and cruel, but tries not to transfer them to modern reality, despite the fantasy genre.
The episode of the first meeting between Lucy and Mr. Tumnus is interesting.“A few more seconds passed, and from behind the tree a very strangecreature. It was a little talltaller than Lucy and held an umbrella over her head, white with snow. Top parthis body was human, andlegs,covered with black shiny wool, were goatskin, with hooves at the bottom. He also had a tailwas neatthrown over the hand - the one in whichthis creature was holding an umbrella - so that the tail would not dragover the snow. Arounda thick red scarf was wrapped around his neck, the color of reddish skin. He had a strangebut a very nice face with a short pointed beard andcurly hair. On both sides of the forehead from the hairhorns peeked out.
Faun in ancient mythology(Pan)- spirit or deity of forests and groves, god of shepherds and fishermen in Greek mythology. This is a cheerful god and companion Dionysus, always surrounded forest nymphs, dances with them and plays the flute for them. It is believed that Pan had a prophetic gift and gave this gift to Apollo. He liked to frighten travelers with bizarre whispers and rustles, and sometimes he could confuse a person and not show him the way home. There was another role that the faun played with success. These are various divinations and predictions that he whispered with his chosen rustle of the leaves of sacred trees. The god of forests inherited the prophetic gift from his father, the ancient deity Peak, the patron saint of hunters and farmers. If anyone wanted to receive a prediction, he had to come on a certain day to a sacred grove, lie on the fleece of a sacrificed sheep and receive a prophecy in his dream. The faun was considered a crafty spirit that stole children.
So in the case of Lucy, Mr. Tumnus wanted to steal her away to take her to the White Witch, but as a true, well-bred English gentleman, Mr. Tumnus quickly repented of his deed and offered to take Lucy back to the lamppost so that she could get home sooner.
In addition to the faun Tumnus, the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe contains a large number of other ancientmythological characters:
Centaur - in ancient mythology, the embodiment of rural savagery and anger, but "the fairest of the centaurs", was the mentor of Achilles, whom he taught the arts of music, military affairs, and even medicine and surgery. Centaurs in the Chronicles of Narnia - creatures with the head and torso of a man on the body of a horse, were bold and good hero who fought on the side of Aslan (good).
Faun (Pan) - the spirit or deity of forests and groves, the god of shepherds and fishermen in Greek mythology. This is a cheerful god and companion of Dionysus, always surrounded by forest nymphs, dancing with them and playing the flute for them. In The Chronicles of Narnia, Faun Mister Tumnus has a "strange but pleasant face", curly hair, horns on his forehead, and a long tail (good).
Minotaur in ancient Greek mythology - a monster with a human body and a bull's head, who lived in a labyrinth on the island of Crete. In The Chronicles of Narnia, the minotaur was the same as in ancient mythology, and he fought on the side of the White Witch (evil).
nymphs in ancient Greek mythology, the personification of living elemental forces in the form of girls, noticed in the murmur of a stream, in the growth of trees, in the wild charms of mountains and forests. And in the Chronicles of Narnia, the nymphs were exactly the same as in ancient mythology. They were on the side of good, they served Aslan and watched everything that happens in the forest. (doyuro)
Unicorn - a mythical creature, symbolizes chastity. They usually represent him in the form of a horse with one horn coming out of his forehead. In The Chronicles of Narnia, the hero Peter rode a white unicorn (good)
Griffins - mythical winged creatures, with the body of a lion, the head of an eagle or lion. They have sharp claws and snow-white or golden wings. Griffins are contradictory creatures, simultaneously uniting Heaven and Earth, Good and Evil. In The Chronicles of Narnia they were exactly the same. They fought on the side of Aslan (good)
4. Myth and Reality in Lewis' The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe.
When reading"The Chronicles of Narnia. A lion. The Witch and the Wardrobe"One regularity draws attention: the transitions from the real world to the fantastic and back are made, firstly, without any effort on the part of the characters, and secondly, very quickly, literally in a split second, and therefore imperceptibly for the children themselves. But as soon as the guys enter the space of otherness, everything immediately changes. To explain this pattern, let's try to understand what the writer sees as the meaning of traveling to Narnia.
In my opinion, this meaning in all cases without exception is associated with the fulfillment of a higher destiny, with the accomplishment of a feat. "Sons of Adam" and "daughters of Eve" are called to act in accordance with the will of Aslan to fulfill the Creator's plan for the world and man. The fight against the forces of evil takes place on another level, namely, in the soul of each of the characters. The journey to Narnia should lead all the characters to spiritual reincarnation. But in order for the heroes to be able to achieve this goal, it turns out that it is not enough just to “transfer” them to the Other World, because, in addition to purely external circumstances, something much more important also affects the spiritual state of a person. Therefore, it is not enough to be in others, although best conditions- it is necessary to pass a series of serious tests involving work, fidelity to duty, self-sacrifice and, ultimately, the moral rebirth of the individual.
To be able to grow morally, the heroes need three things: 1) their own understanding of how the moral world "works" (the story of how the White Witch turned Mr. Tumnus into a statue because he refused to tell her about meeting Lucy); 2) role models (you can learn kindness and hospitality from Beavers); 3) "skills" that need to be developed in order to do the right thing, even when it's hard or dangerous (walking with Aslan before meeting the White Witch at the Stone Table). When all the necessary lessons are learned, the moral growth of the heroes takes place, and they again return to the starting point of their wanderings for the possibility of a new moral growth - all to the same mysterious doors of the wardrobe.
III. Conclusion.
In conclusion, I would like to note that the book by K.S. Lewis"The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe" is an amazing and beautiful story in which love and kindness rule, and good always triumphs over evil. This book teaches the reader not only how to grow morally, above himself or life circumstances, but also that in real life there is always a place for miracles and magic. And this applies not only to children, because, as the author wrote, “But someday you will grow up to the day when you start reading fairy tales again.”
IV. Used Books.
K.S. Lewis, The Chronicles of Narinia. The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, Eksmo, 2016 - 192 p.
Literaryencyclopedic dictionary / Under the general. ed. V. M. Kozhevnikov, P. A. Nikolaev. Editors: L. G. Andreev, N. I. Balashov, A. G. Bocharov and others - M .: Sov. encyclopedia, 1987.-752 p.
Legends and myths Ancient Greece Kun N.A., Veche, 2010, -464 p.
BORROWING FROM MYTHOLOGY AND CHRISTIAN SYMBOLS IN THE STORY "THE LION, THE WITCH AND THE
Dagldian A. S.
South Russian Institute of Management - branch Russian Academy national economy and public service
South-Russia Institute of Management - branch of Russian Presidential
National Economy and Public Administration
Annotation: The article is devoted to the fairy tale "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe". It is shown that this book carries a deep philosophical meaning and responds to numerous eternal questions. Also, the tale contains many hints of Christian ideas in an accessible form for young readers.
Keywords: Fairy tale, myth, good, evil, choice.
Annotation: Article is dedicated to the fairy tale "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe." It is shown that this book has a deep philosophical meaning and answers numerous eternal questions. Just tale contains many allusions to Christian ideas accessible to young readers form.
Key words: Fairy tale, myth, good, evil, choice.
The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe is the first book in the Chronicles of Narnia series, published in 1950. Author - English writer, Clive Staples Lewis. They tell about the adventures of children in a magical land called Narnia, where animals can talk, magic surprises no one, and good fights evil. The Chronicles of Narnia contains many allusions to Christian ideas in an accessible way for young readers.
To create his world, Lewis refers to the ancient Eastern, ancient, German-Scandinavian, Slavic, medieval European, Christian traditions.
The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe tells the story of the four Pevensie children - Peter, Susan, Edmund and Lucy. They are sent to a family friend, Professor Digory Kirk, due to the bombing of London. While playing hide-and-seek, Lucy hides in the Wardrobe, through which she gets to Narnia, where she meets the faun Tumnus. The faun is taken from Roman mythology. The supreme faun is the god of forests, fields, pastures, animals. He tells her that Narnia is under the control of the evil White Witch. Returning to her brothers and sister, Lucy tells where she was, but they do not believe her. Later, she ends up in Narnia for the second time. Edmund follows her. However, he meets the White Witch and her servant Maugrim. The servant of the White Witch, the wolf Mogrim, goes back to the Scandinavian Fenrir, a huge wolf, the son of the god Loki and the giantess Angrboda. The legend tells that while Fenrir was small, the gods kept him. The gods decided to put Fenrir on a chain, but he grew so strong that he tore any chains that were put on him under the pretext of testing his strength. Then, at the request of the gods, the dwarfs made a magic chain from the sound of cat steps, a woman's beard, mountain roots, bear veins, fish breath and bird saliva. The chain is thin and light. The wolf cub failed to break the chain and remained sitting on it.
According to prophecy, before the end of the world, he will break the chain. The sorceress treats Edmund with enchanted Turkish Delight and subdues the boy. She orders him to bring all four children to her castle. Later, all four children end up in Narnia, they discover that Tumnus was taken away by the police (it was Edmund who repeated Lucy's story to the witch and thus betrayed the faun). Mr. Beaver meets the children and tells that Aslan is already on his way, which means that the ancient prophecy begins to come true that Aslan will come, the Long Winter will end and four people will become the rulers of Narnia. The long winter is borrowed from Norse mythology, in which there is a "Fimbulwinter" that precedes the end of the world. During the story, Edmund escapes and heads for the White Witch's castle. And Peter, Susan, Lucy and the Beavers go to Aslan. On the way, Santa Claus meets them and gives them gifts that should help them: Peter - a sword and shield, Susan - a bow, arrows and a horn, Lucy - a dagger and a magic potion, a drop of which cures any disease and any wounds. The children meet Aslan at the Stone Table, the center of magic in Narnia, and with his help rescue Edmund from the captivity of the White Witch. Aslan knights Peter and Edmund and the Narnians begin to prepare for battle. But Jadis wants to take the soul of the traitor Edmund to himself according to the Laws Ancient Magic. Aslan and the witch enter into negotiations, and the traitor is saved. No one, except Lucy and Susan, ever found out that the Great Lion was killed for the traitor Edmund on the Stone Table, resurrected according to the Laws of "Even More Ancient Magic". Aslan and the girls appear only at the end of the battle, but it is they who bring victory and strengthen the fighting spirit of the warriors. Lucy heals seriously wounded warriors with a magic elixir and her brother, who is finally healed not only from his wounds, but also from his bad inclinations, which, as we learn, he adopted from "boys from bad company." The children stay in Narnia and become its kings and
queens - Peter the Magnificent, Edmund the Just, Susan the Magnanimous and Lucy the Courageous. They forget about the world from which they came, but one day, already adult brothers and sisters arrange a hunt for a white deer that grants wishes, and accidentally stumble upon a Narnia lantern and a wardrobe door. Drawn by a deer, the Pevensies make their way through a spruce thicket and find themselves in the very room and at the very moment from which their journey began.
The main source of creation of the work for Lewis was, of course, the Gospel. No wonder his book is sometimes called a children's Christian catechism.
Lewis writes of Aslan's "royal and peaceful yet sad" look, that he was "kind and formidable" at the same time. The golden radiance of Aslan's mane, which the author constantly mentions, is associated with the gold of the halo. In Narnia, they swear by the name of Aslan, the heroes say: "In the name of Aslan", "Aslan I ask you", and the hermit even exclaims "Merciful Aslan!" A stream springs from Aslan's footprint, which is reminiscent of numerous medieval legends about the flow of springs. The Great Lion creates Narnia with his song and gives its inhabitants the main commandment: "And all love one another." He determines that only sons of Adam and daughters of Eve can rule Narnia. All this is a paraphrase of the corresponding lines of the Book of Genesis (Gen. 1, 2627). The commandments that Aslan gives to the Narnians come from the commandments of Moses and the Sermon on the Mount. Aslan demands love, humility and repentance from the inhabitants of his country. He condemns any attempt to shift the blame onto someone else.
Aslan's behavior has clear parallels with the gospel image of Christ. The Great Leo is not imposed on anyone, does not try to please, his actions often go beyond justice in the usual sense of the word. Aslan tests heroes beyond necessity,
deliberately provoking them. He is especially strict with Lucy, who at first glance seems to us his favorite. He sternly exclaims, "How many more wounded must die because of you?!" as Lucy anxiously looks into the face of her barely alive brother after she healed him with a miraculous elixir. Aslan forgives Edmund's betrayal, never rebuking him, but listens with pleasure to the repentance of Peter and Susan, who are guilty of much lesser offenses. A reader familiar with Christianity will certainly remember the gospel “... and from everyone to whom much has been given, much will be required; and to whom much has been entrusted, more will be exacted from him” (Luke 12:48). Aslan is in no hurry to save Narnia, leaving it for a hundred years in the power of the White Witch, he never praises or compliments anyone, never expresses his love for his people with some kind of broad, understandable to absolutely everyone gesture. One of the few testimonies of his love for his creation, a feat of self-sacrifice, becomes known to Susan and Lucy as if by accident. But the greatness of Aslan becomes a powerful factor that removes - the children do not see him for a single second as an ordinary lion, which could be reproached for something. Even his defenseless head, devoid of a thick mane, seems beautiful to the girls after a few moments of pity and horror. The heroes of Lewis are tormented by doubts about choosing the right path - appearances are often deceptive, and not all actions can be unambiguously assessed, but Aslan rarely helps the heroes resolve these issues. In general, he appears on the pages of the book infrequently, is not always shown in his true form and prefers to speak in riddles, like the Son of God. For only the elect can hear the Word of God: "Blessed are your eyes that they see, and your ears that they hear" (Matthew 13:16).
The heroes of Lewis make the right choice in the end. But if a person himself does not want to see the truth, if he has locked himself in a dungeon
his imagination, then no one, not even God, can help him. "For the heart of these people is hardened, and they can hardly hear with their ears, and they have closed their eyes" (Matthew 13:15). It is impossible to see a Lewis miracle without first believing in it. Moreover, even getting into Narnia armed with earthly logic and planning in advance is impossible.
Lewis turns out to be not only an orthodox Christian, but otherwise remains a conservative: he condemns the new schools that do not study classical philosophy, the Law of God and good manners. The author puts his indignation on this occasion into the mouth of Professor Digory Kirk: “And what is only taught in today's schools ....”.
Bibliography:
1. C. S. Lewis, The Chronicles of Narnia, Moscow: Strekoza-Press, 2006.
2. Bolshakova O. Chronicles of Lewis. Newspaper "New Testament", 2004, no.
3. Dashevsky G. Clive Staples Lewis. Magazine "Weekend", 2008. No. 18 (64).
4. Carpenter H. John R. R. Tolkien - biography. Per. from English. A. Khromova, ed. S. Likhacheva. - M.: EKSMO-Press, 2002.
5. Curius S. Lewis, Narnia and the Crucified Lion. Time Z magazine, 2006, No. 02.
6. Koshelev S. Clive Staples Lewis and his Wonderland. Foreword to The Chronicles of Narnia by K. S. Lewis; Per. from English. - M.: SP "Cosmopolis", 1991.
7. Krotov Ya. Introductory article to the novels by C. S. Lewis "Beyond the Silent Planet" and "Pepelandra". Clive Staples Lewis. Collected Works in 8 volumes. Volume 3. Beyond the Silent Planet. Pepelandra. Alexander Men Foundation, Bible for All, 2003.
Whoever was king in Narnia will always be the king of Narnia.
The dictionary will be under the sea, not yet finalized.
BACCHUS, Bromium, Bassareus, Aries - the names of Dionysus, in Greek mythology, the god of the fruitful forces of the earth, vegetation, viticulture,
winemaking, son of Zeus and Semele, daughter of the Theban king. One day, in
while sailing in the Aegean Dionysus was kidnapped by sea robbers
and put him in chains to sell him into slavery, but the chains themselves
fell from the hands of Dionysus; braiding the mast with vines and ivy and
sails of the ship, Dionysus appeared in the form of a bear and a lion. The pirates themselves
rushed into the sea out of fear, turned into dolphins. Everywhere on
On his way, Dionysus teaches people viticulture and winemaking. AT
the procession of Dionysus was attended by Bacchantes, satyrs, maenads or Bassarids with
wands covered with ivy. Girded with snakes, they crushed everything on
their way, engulfed in holy madness. With cries of "Bacchus, Evoe"
they praised Dionysus-Bromius ("stormy", "noisy" and beat tympanums.
Dionysus was also identified with Egyptian god sun Amon,
the sacred animal of Amun is the ram (ram).
GHOST, werewolf - in Slavic mythology werewolf man,
possessing the supernatural ability to transform into a wolf.
GNOMES- in the mythology of the peoples of Europe, small, human-like
creatures that live underground, in the mountains or in the forest. They grow with
child or with a finger, but endowed with supernatural power, wear
long beards and live much longer than humans. In the bowels of the earth
gnomes keep treasures - precious stones and metals; they are skillful
artisans can forge magic rings, swords, etc. Usually
gnomes give people good advice, but there are also hostile to them (especially
black gnomes).
JINNS- .in Muslim mythology spirits, often evil. According to
muslim tradition, genies are created by Allah from smokeless fire and
are air or fiery bodies with intelligence.
They can take any form and carry out any orders.
DOMOVOI- in East Slavic mythology, the spirit of the house. Represented
in the form of a person, often on the same face as the owner of the house, or as
a small old man with a face covered with white wool. From the well-wisher
The health of livestock depended on the negative or hostile attitude of the brownie.
The brownie often approached evil spirit and, according to beliefs, could
turn into a cat, dog, cow, sometimes a snake, rat or
frog.
DRYADS- in Greek mythology, nymphs, the patroness of trees,
some of them were born and died with the tree. It was believed that
those who plant trees and those who take care of them enjoy a special
patronage of the dryads.
UNICORN- a mythical animal (in early traditions with the body of a bull,
in later ones with the body of a horse, sometimes a goat), referred to by the most
characteristic feature - the presence of one straight long horn on
forehead. In medieval Christian tradition, the unicorn is seen
as a symbol of purity and virginity. In Russian "alphabets" 16-17
centuries the unicorn is described as a terrible and invincible beast, like
a horse whose strength is in its horn. Unicorn horn
attributed healing properties(according to folklore ideas
the unicorn purifies the water poisoned by the serpent with its horn).
CENTAURS- in Greek mythology, wild creatures, demi-humans
semi-horses, inhabitants of mountains and forest thickets, are distinguished by a violent temper and
intemperance, but some centaurs, such as Chiron, embody
wisdom and benevolence, bring up the heroes of Greek myths.
KIKIMORA- in East Slavic mythology evil spirit at home, a little invisible woman (sometimes considered the wife of a brownie). At night, disturbs small children, confuses yarn, hostile to men.
May harm pets, especially chickens.
http://dragons-nest.ru/glossary/img/hecate.jpg WITCHES, witches - in mythology and popular beliefs, women who have entered into an alliance with the devil (or other evil spirits) in order to gain supernatural abilities.
Leshy- in East Slavic mythology, an evil spirit, the incarnation
forests as part of space hostile to man. Goblin is the owner
forests and animals, he is represented dressed in an animal skin, sometimes with
animal attributes - horns, hooves.
MINOTAUR- in Greek mythology, a monster-man-bull that lived on
Crete. He was in an underground labyrinth, where he was brought every year
sacrificed seven boys and girls. Athenian prince Theseus voluntarily
went to Crete among those destined to be devoured by the Minotaur,
killed the monster, and with the help of the thread of the royal daughter in love with him
Ariadne got out of the maze.
NAIADES- in Greek mythology, the nymphs of springs, streams and springs, the keeper of the waters. Bathing in their water cures diseases.
Nymphs- in Greek mythology, the deities of nature, its life-giving and fruitful forces: rivers, seas, springs, lakes, swamps, mountains, groves, trees. Some of them are mortal, such as the nymphs of the trees - they are inseparable from the tree in which they live. They are the owners of ancient wisdom, the secrets of life and death. They heal and heal, predict the future.
WEREWOLF
SATIRES- in Greek mythology, the demons of fertility, which were part of
retinue of Dionysus. They are covered with wool, long hair, bearded, with
horse or goat hooves, with horse tails, horse
or goat ears, but their torso and head are human. They are
bullies love wine.
STRENGTHS- in Greek mythology, the demons of fertility, the incarnation
elemental forces of nature. Enter the retinue of Dionysus, ugly, snub-nosed,
thick lips, with bulging eyes, with a horse's tail and hooves. They are
are famous for their cocky disposition and passion for wine. Depicted seated
on a donkey and sipping wine from a skin.
SIRENS- in Greek mythology, demonic creatures, semi-
half-bird women who inherited a divine voice from their mother muse.
TRITON- in Greek mythology, a sea deity, the son of Poseidol. He dwells in the depths of the sea in a golden house. Sea creatures newts love to frolic and blow into shells.
GHOUL- in Slavic mythology, a dead man attacking people and animals.
FAUN- in Roman mythology, the god of forests, fields, pastures, animals. The faun was considered a crafty spirit that stole children.
The book "Lion. The Witch and the Wardrobe” are not just filled with characters from ancient mythology - fauns, centaurs, dryads and maenads. K.S. Lewis, who was well versed in ancient mythology, does not just show us ancient mythological heroes, “cleansed” of everything rude and cruel, but tries not to transfer them to modern reality, despite the fantasy genre.
The writer immerses the antique image into modern everyday reality only once, depicting the cave of the faun Tumnus in accordance with the tastes of the British gentleman: a burning fireplace in the cave, comfortable armchairs, a family portrait, a home library with books “The Life and Letters of Silenus” (in the anti-myth Silenus - in Greek mythology, an old satyr, the son of Hermes or Pan and one of the nymphs, the uncle and mentor of Dionysus. Often he was drunk, and once Midas found him in such a state, who treated him kindly, and then escorted him back to Dionysus. As a reward, Midas received from Dionysus the gift of turning into gold everything he touched. Silenus had a prophetic gift, and he could be made to predict the future in a state of drunken sleep. Elderly satyrs, called silens, constantly appear in Dionysus's retinue as his servants.), "Nymphs and their customs", "A study of common legends", "Is Man a myth".
The episode of the first meeting between Lucy and Mr. Tumnus is interesting. “A few more seconds passed, and from behind the tree it seemed very strange creature. It was a little taller than Lucy and held an umbrella over its head, white with snow. The upper part of his body was human, and his legs, covered with black shiny hair, were goat's, with hooves at the bottom. It also had a tail, which was neatly slung over the arm - the one in which the creature held the umbrella - so that the tail would not drag in the snow. Wrapped around his neck was a thick red scarf, the color of reddish skin. He had a strange but very nice face with a short pointed beard and curly hair. On both sides of the forehead, horns peeked out of the hair.
Faun in ancient mythology (Pan)- spirit or deity of forests and groves, god of shepherds and fishermen in Greek mythology. This is a cheerful god and companion of Dionysus, always surrounded by forest nymphs, dancing with them and playing the flute for them. It is believed that Pan had a prophetic gift and endowed Apollo with this gift. He liked to frighten travelers with bizarre whispers and rustles, and sometimes he could confuse a person and not show him the way home. There was another role that the faun played with success. These are various divinations and predictions that he whispered with his chosen rustle of the leaves of sacred trees. The god of forests inherited the prophetic gift from his father, the ancient deity Peak, the patron saint of hunters and farmers. If anyone wanted to receive a prediction, he had to come on a certain day to a sacred grove, lie on the fleece of a sacrificed sheep and receive a prophecy in his dream. The faun was considered a crafty spirit that stole children.
So in the case of Lucy, Mr. Tumnus wanted to steal her away to take her to the White Witch, but as a true, well-bred English gentleman, Mr. Tumnus quickly repented of his deed and offered to take Lucy back to the lamppost so that she would get home sooner.
In addition to the faun Tumnus, a large number of other ancient mythological characters are found in the book "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe".
Centaurs were in Aslan's army when the peoples of Narnia fought against the White Witch at the Battle of Beruna's Ford. Several centaurs were turned to stone and kept in the White Witch's castle.
Centaurs are very wise and knowledgeable creatures. They are half horse, half human. Centaurs live two to three times longer than normal humans. Very often they become soothsayers, astrologers and healers. The centaurs were always on the side of Aslan, and the kings respected them and often turned to them for advice and help.
Centaurs have two stomachs - human and horse, so it is unprofitable to invite them to visit. They eat for a long time and a lot, both human food and grass. At the same time, no one dares to laugh at the centaurs, they look so majestic and dignified. Also, no one rides centaurs. They can put a rider on themselves only if they themselves want to, and this is considered a very great honor for the rider.
And in ancient mythology, centaurs are wild mortal creatures with the head and torso of a man on the body of a horse, inhabitants of mountains and forest thickets, accompany Dionysus and are distinguished by their violent temper and intemperance. Presumably, centaurs were originally the embodiment of mountain rivers and turbulent streams. In heroic myths, some centaurs are educators of heroes, others are hostile to them.
Also in the book there are spirits of the forest, trees and water - dryads and naiads. For Lewis, these are the spirits of the elements that keep peace and harmony in Narnia. They leave the forest at the first call of Aslan on the day of the creation of Narnia. In Narnia, dryads, naiads and maenads wake up when the earth itself decides to wake up - to take an active part in what is happening. In ancient mythology, dryads are forest nymphs in ancient Greek mythology, the patroness of trees. Dryads were believed to be inseparable from the tree with which they are associated and die when the tree dies. There was a belief that people who plant trees and take care of them enjoy the special protection of tree nymphs. Dryads will not let him disappear into the forest if he suddenly gets lost or something happens to him. And for groundless damage or destruction of trees, dryads could severely punish a person, for example, deprive him of his mind. Naiads - deities in Greek mythology, daughters of Zeus, were nymphs of water sources - rivers, streams and lakes. Naiads were the patrons of a certain water body, its soul and incarnation. Naiads were considered durable, but not immortal. Associated with rivers, streams and lakes, they would die if their water body dried up.
The book also contains Giants, which can be compared with giants in ancient mythology - monstrous giants born by the goddess of the earth Gaia from drops of blood of the sky god Uranus. The Titans rebelled against the Olympian gods, were defeated by them with the help of Hercules and cast into the depths of the earth. Lewis, the Giant Rumblebuffin, is very well-mannered and tactful, knows social etiquette, from a family with traditions.
Minotaurs were present in the army of the White Witch. They served the White Witch and came to the Stone Table, responding to her call. They witnessed the death of Aslan, and then participated in the battle at the ford of Beruna. In ancient Greek mythology, the Minotaur is a monster with a human body and a bull's head that lived in a labyrinth on the island of Crete. The Minotaur, whose real name was Asterius, was born from Pasiphae, the wife of Minos. His father was a bull that came out of the sea, and according to another version - Poseidon himself. Minos hid his son in an underground labyrinth built by Daedalus. The labyrinth was so complex that not a single person who entered it could find a way out.
Occasionally, mythological creatures are mentioned in the book: sirens (sea creatures personifying the charming, but treacherous sea surface, under which sharp cliffs and shallows are hidden, half-woman half-fish or half-birds) tritons (an ancient Greek god, messenger of the depths, son of Poseidon and Amphitrite, father of all tritons), who came out of the sea to greet the new rulers of Narnia and the unicorn (a creature that symbolizes chastity, in a broad sense, spiritual purity and quest. They represent it in the form of a horse with one horn coming out of the forehead).