PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES OF EMPLOYMENT CENTERS

Target activities of the Employment Center - the implementation in the municipal district of a single public policy in the field of promoting employment of the population.

Main tasks Job centers are:

• provision of state guarantees in the field of employment of the population;
• provision in accordance with the law Russian Federation and Perm Territory public services to the population and employers in the field of employment promotion and protection against unemployment, labor migration;
• creating conditions for more effective regulation of the use of labor force;
• development of effective employment of the population, creation of conditions for reducing unemployment and providing social support for unemployed citizens;
• increasing the mobility of the labor force and ensuring the regulation of migration processes, taking into account the needs of the labor market.

FUNCTIONS OF EMPLOYMENT CENTERS

The Employment Center performs the following functions on the territory of the municipal district:

1. Registration of citizens in order to assist in finding a suitable job, as well as registration of unemployed citizens.
2. Execution of the delegated authority.
3. Provision of the following public services in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation:

• assistance to citizens in finding a suitable job, and to employers in the selection of the necessary workers;
• informing about the situation on the labor market in the Aleksandrovsky municipal district and in the Perm Territory;
• organization of professional orientation of citizens in order to choose a field of activity (profession), employment, vocational training;
• psychological support for unemployed citizens;
• vocational training, retraining and advanced training of unemployed citizens, including training in another locality;
• organization of paid public works;
• organization of temporary employment of minors aged 14 to 18 years in their free time from study, unemployed citizens experiencing difficulties in finding a job, unemployed citizens aged 18 to 20 years from among graduates educational institutions primary and secondary vocational education job seekers for the first time;
• social adaptation of unemployed citizens in the labor market;
• promotion of self-employment of unemployed citizens, including the provision of citizens duly recognized as unemployed, and citizens duly recognized as unemployed and who have undergone vocational training, retraining and advanced training in the direction of the employment service, one-time financial assistance with their state registration as a legal entity, an individual entrepreneur or a peasant (farm) economy, as well as one-time financial assistance for the preparation of documents for the relevant state registration;
• assistance to unemployed citizens in moving and to unemployed citizens and members of their families in relocation to another area for employment in the direction of the employment service;
• organization of job fairs and training jobs;
• issuing proposals for employers to obtain opinions on the expediency of attracting and using foreign workers in accordance with the legislation on the legal status of foreign citizens in the Russian Federation.

4. Participation in the preparation of proposals for the formation of programs that provide for measures to promote employment of the population.
5. Execution of administrative regulations for the execution of delegated powers, federal state standards state services and state functions in the field of promoting employment of the population, approved by the Federal Authority.
6. Determination of the list of priority professions (specialties) for vocational training, retraining and advanced training of unemployed citizens.
7. Carrying out special events for the profiling of unemployed citizens (the distribution of unemployed citizens into groups depending on the profile of their previous professional activity level of education, gender, age and other socio-demographic characteristics in order to provide them with the most effective assistance with assistance in finding employment, taking into account the current situation on the labor market).
8. Implementation of vocational training, retraining and advanced training of women during parental leave until the child reaches the age of three years.
9. Ensuring the functioning of information technologies and automated information processing systems in the field of employment.
10. Formation and maintenance of registers of recipients of public services in the field of employment.
11. Ensuring security in the processing of personal data by technical, software and organizational actions.
12. Preparation and sending to the Founder of the following information:

• information (including databases) necessary for the formation of registers of recipients of public services in the field of promoting employment of the population;
• other information in the field of employment of the population, provided for by regulatory legal acts Federal body.

13. Implementation of regional programs that provide for measures to promote employment of the population, including programs to promote the employment of citizens at risk of dismissal, as well as citizens who are in special need of social protection and have difficulty finding work.
14. Implementation of measures of an active policy of employment of the population, additional measures in the field of promoting employment of the population.
15. Ensuring, in accordance with the methodological documents of the Founder, the work of the mobile office of the Employment Center, which implements the assigned functions by the employment centers of the Perm Territory.
16. Implementation of the functions of the recipient of the budget of the Perm Territory.
17. Compilation and submission for approval to the Founder of the budget estimate of the Employment Center.
18. Preparation and submission to the Founder in due time of forms of statistical, financial, accounting, budgetary, and other parity on the activities of the Employment Center in cases and in the manner established by applicable law.
19. Formation, maintenance and use of a data bank on the availability of vacancies (positions) and free training places for vocational training.
20. Ensuring, within its competence, the protection of information constituting a state secret.
21. Organization of the reception of citizens, ensuring timely and appropriate consideration of citizens' appeals, making decisions on them and sending answers to applicants.
22. Implementation of measures for mobilization preparation.
23. Implementation of professional training of employees of the Employment Center, their retraining, advanced training and internships.
24. Implementation, in accordance with the legislation, of work on the acquisition, storage, accounting and use of archival documents formed in the course of the activity of the Employment Center.
25. Performing the function of a state customer for placing orders for the supply of goods, performance of work, provision of services for the needs of the Employment Center and implementation of measures to promote employment of the population.
26. Execution state order for the provision of public services in the field of promoting employment of the population, approved by the Founder.
27. Implementation of income-generating activities for the lease of real estate in accordance with applicable law.
28. Implementation of other powers in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and the Perm Territory.

Employment management system

Organizational forms of assistance to the unemployed began to take shape as appropriate funds appeared. The International Labor Organization (ILO), established in 1919, in one of the first conventions it adopted, raised the question of establishing systems of free state employment bureaus. The convention also provided for the establishment of committees of employers' and workers' representatives to assist the employment bureau.

The main responsibility of the public employment service is to ensure the best possible organization of the labor market as an integral part of national program achieving and maintaining effective employment, development and use of human resources. The Employment Service consists of a national system of job centers run by state power. This system brings together a network of local and regional offices sufficient to serve each geographical area of ​​the country.

The Employment Service registers job seekers, keeps a record of their professional qualifications, experience and wishes, interviews them in order to find them a job, if necessary, checks their physical condition and vocational training, in appropriate cases assists in obtaining vocational guidance, training and retraining; collects from entrepreneurs accurate information about vacancies and about the requirements that must be met by the workers they need; directs to vacant positions candidates with suitable qualifications and fit for work in physical condition. The functions of the employment service also include the adoption of measures for the employment of the unemployed. To do this, the employment service provides assistance to the unemployed:

o in a change of profession so that the supply of labor meets the demand for it;

o in facilitating territorial mobility to obtain work in areas where there are vacancies;

o in ensuring the temporary transfer of an employee from one area to another in the event of a temporary shortage or excess of labor in a particular area.

The Employment Service systematically collects and studies available information on the labor market and development prospects both for the country as a whole and for individual regions, industries, professions. Together with public and private organizations, it also participates in the development of socio-economic plans aimed at creating a favorable situation regarding employment.

National employment services arose in the 20s of the XX century. within the framework of the relevant ministries, called upon to deal with issues of labor legislation, labor inspection, unemployment benefits, regulation of labor disputes, etc. Employment services and its agencies became part of the structure state system management, employment service employees are civil servants. Employment services are financed within the framework of the state budget, as well as from employment and insurance funds.

Along with public employment services, there are also paid, commercial employment services and private employment agencies, not pursuing commercial purposes, associated with educational institutions, charitable and professional organizations.

Organization of the activity of the employment service

The structure of the employment service includes units dealing with the following main problems: vocational guidance, vocational training, organization of employment, social protection of the unemployed and job seekers.

Local centers and employment offices usually have two divisions. The first of them is engaged in the reception of job seekers, the second is in contact with enterprises. The functions of the first division include providing assistance in finding employment to persons applying to the employment service. The division, which works closely with enterprises, is called upon to satisfy job applications from available vacancies, thus achieving a certain balance of supply and demand in the labor market. To these two divisions, a third one is added, which is not related to external contacts and the reception of visitors. It deals with administrative matters, taking into account requests and offers, maintaining cards, collecting data on the local labor market. In some cases, mobile teams and employment commissioners are used, working according to a set schedule in certain industrial zones and areas.

Local employment offices are the primary links of the national employment system and, admittedly, determine its face and effectiveness. The structure and location of these bureaus usually depend on the administrative-geographical division of the national territory.

In addition to local bureaus, there are regional employment centers that unite homogeneous economic and natural zones of the country (regions and districts). AT modern conditions regional centers perform the following functions: carry out operations that are beyond the power of local bureaus, for example, coordinate the efforts of public and private institutions (chambers of commerce and industry, trade union organizations, local authorities, etc.) to solve social problems; provide organizational and methodological assistance to local employment offices; collect and analyze sociological, economic and statistical data at the regional level. In general, the apparatus of employees of regional centers performs such functions as advising enterprises, employment of various categories of workers, information support and vocational guidance, statistics and labor market research, employment promotion and implementation of special programs in this area, documentation and collection of publications, professional development employment service employees.

Regional centers report directly to the apparatus of the state employment service. In a generalized form, the structure of the state employment service includes a number of departments (departments) for following questions: employment of various categories of the population, movement of labor, job accounting, information support, professional guidance, consultation of organizations, labor market, employment protection, planning, preparation teaching aids and instructions research work, documentation, library and publications, external relations, human resources and training, retraining, administrative and financial matters.

The management of the national employment service is often carried out on a collegiate basis, that is, the management body includes representatives of other interested institutions. At the same time, the main state body that develops and implements employment policy is the Ministry of Labor.

The approximate structure of employment management bodies is shown in fig. 12.3.

Rice. 12.3.

Summary

one . The system of relations between people regarding the provision of jobs and participation in economic activities, determined by the characteristics of social production, is one of the main economic characteristics. Employment, expressing certain relationships between people, acts directly as a functional characteristic of the able-bodied population, dividing it into those included in various specific labor processes and those who are outside these processes. In other words, employment is the final moment of relations of distribution of workers by type of activity.

2. One of the main tasks of employment management is to establish an optimal balance between labor resources and jobs, which must be ensured both in terms of quantitative and qualitative parameters.

3. The employment management system covers a number of state and non-governmental bodies, institutions and organizations, the main goal of which is to ensure the best organization of the labor market. The Public Employment Service consists of a national system of job centers run by the central government.

The labor market is regulated not only by employment services. This includes general education and vocational educational establishments that directly affect the qualifications of people entering the labor market; institutions that provide employment assistance to persons with limited opportunities for this; career guidance centers for young people and for those whose qualifications are no longer needed due to technological change.
However, among this multitude actors employment services play leading role, monitoring the state of the labor market, regulating the actions of others. How successfully they cope with this role, how well the labor market functions in general.
Public employment services are special organizations that exist at the expense of the budget and carry out their intermediary functions free of charge for both employers and job seekers. They employ workers of any level and qualification, in any organization, but mainly in state structures. The only requirement for a person registering with the employment service is that the person must be unemployed.
The main activities of public employment services are:
1. registration of the unemployed;
2. registration of vacancies;
3. employment of the unemployed and other persons wishing to get a job;
4. studying the labor market situation and providing information about it;
5. testing of persons wishing to get a job;
6. professional orientation and retraining of the unemployed;
7. payment of benefits to registered unemployed.
Historically, employment services originated as departments of Ministries of Labor. In some countries, under the influence of the requirements of the social partners, they have been granted an autonomous legal status. They could also be initiated by employers' or workers' organizations, or they could have the status of private agencies acting in the public interest.
Most often, in accordance with the recommendation of the International Labor Organization in 1948, the employment service is autonomous, but is under the control of the Ministry of Labor. At the same time, it has regional and local branches, territorial bodies (consultation points, model centers, etc.) subordinate to the national employment service. The role of local employment offices cannot be underestimated. These departments are at the forefront of working with people and must take into account their diverse needs. It is the ability of local offices of employment services to meet these needs that testifies to the effectiveness of the entire organization of work with the economically active population.
The size of employment services differ depending on what functions are assigned to them by the legislation of a particular country, and their significance depends on the situation on the labor market in the country.
A qualitative change in the role of the employment service in the regulation of the labor market requires a change in approaches to the interaction of the employment service with the personnel services of the organization. This model takes into account that the employment service bears a special load during periods of economic recession and structural changes in the economy. To regulate the labor market, the employment service has the following rights:
- request information from employers on proposed structural changes and other measures that may result in the release of employees, as well as data on the need for labor, on the number of dismissed, hired and dismissed workers;
- direct employers, if they have a need for labor, citizens applying to the employment service for employment;
- develop and submit proposals for consideration by local authorities on establishing a minimum number of special jobs for employers for citizens requiring special social protection and experiencing difficulties in finding employment;
- conclude, by proxy of employers on their behalf, contracts with citizens on employment (with preliminary, if necessary, vocational training), pay such citizens at the expense of employers the cost of travel, daily allowance for each day they are on the road, and also issue them benefits when moving to new place of work.
The mechanism for regulating and organizing employment of the population provides for the participation of employers who contribute to the implementation of the state employment policy on the basis of:
- compliance with the terms of agreements (contracts, other agreements) regulating labor relations in accordance with the law;
- implementation of measures provided for in collective agreements (other agreements) for the protection of workers in case of unemployment or suspension of production; rendering assistance in employment, vocational training and provision of additional material assistance established by the legislation to the released workers at the expense of enterprises and other employers; creation of conditions for vocational training, retraining and advanced training of workers. When calculating taxable profit, the balance sheet profit of enterprises is reduced by the amount of funds spent by employers for these purposes;
- employment of the number of citizens determined by the local authority who are in special need of social protection.
In addition, employers must:
- in a timely manner, at least three months in advance, and in full, provide the employment service and the trade union body with information about possible mass layoffs workers, the number and categories of workers it may affect, and the period within which it is intended to be implemented. They are also responsible in the manner prescribed by law for providing false information;
- to hire citizens who directly applied to the enterprise on an equal footing with citizens who have a referral from the employment service.
Employers are entitled to partial reimbursement of funds in the form of additional tax benefits and other forms of compensation for expenses related to the creation of additional jobs for citizens in particular need of social protection, in excess of the minimum amount established by local authorities; to receive free information from the employment service on the state of the labor market,
If necessary, the employment service can compensate employers in full or in part for the costs of organizing training for employed citizens who are released from other enterprises.
Thus, there are all necessary prerequisites for the implementation of this mechanism.
In order to exercise their right to work, citizens conduct an independent job search or apply to the employment service authorities (a citizen’s application to the employment service authorities in order to find a job is a citizen’s right, but not an obligation), which, in turn, are designed to assist citizens in finding a suitable work.
A citizen can also exercise his right to work by direct appeal to the employer.
Article 3 of the Law "On Employment in the Russian Federation" defines the following conditions for recognizing a citizen as unemployed: ability to work, job search, readiness to start work, lack of earnings and work, the presence in the citizen's passport of a mark on registration at the place of residence, the presence of all required documents, registration with the employment service at the place of residence of a citizen in order to find a suitable job.
The employment service authorities have the right to consider the issue of recognizing a citizen as unemployed only if all of the above conditions are met in aggregate.
Only the citizen who is recognized as unemployed in accordance with the procedure established by law has the right to unemployment benefits.
Employment service bodies provide consulting assistance on issues within their competence to all applying citizens, regardless of their place of residence or stay; busy and not busy labor activity, citizens receiving pensions for old age (by age), for disability groups I, II, III, adolescents from 14 to 16 years old, youth, refugees, forced migrants, foreign citizens persons without citizenship.
The number of people employed by the state employment service of Primorye has increased. As of the end of 2002, 51,123 unemployed citizens were employed, which is 54.4% of the total number of applicants; in 1995, 27,586 unemployed were employed (34.7% of all applicants). Significantly decreased the number of unemployed in the cities of Artem, Dalnegorsk, Bolshoy Kamen, Vladivostok, Dalnerechensk, Lesozavodsk, Ussuriysk, Nadezhdinsky, Pozharsky and Chernigov regions.
There is a sharp change in the appealability to the state employment service of Vladivostok. When comparing the indicators of 1991 and 2002. an increase in the number of applicants from 43 to 4700 people was revealed. characteristic feature is that significantly more people who have not previously worked have entered the labor market.
The dynamics of the labor market, which is clearly marked today, is the result of the painstaking work of the Primorsky Regional Employment Center in accordance with the policy aimed at increasing jobs. Establishing closer contacts with employers helped a lot. As a result, the number of employed citizens is constantly growing, and today it has amounted to 51 thousand 123 people. The number of employed people increased significantly in the cities of Bolshoy Kamen and Partizansk, as well as in the Dalnerechensky, Krasnoarmeysky and Nadezhdinsky districts.
Great importance acquires temporary employment. Work with teenagers during the summer holidays has become more effective. Only adolescents aged 14 to 18, with the assistance of the employment service, about 10.5 thousand people were employed. In addition, more than 400 unemployed children received assistance in organizing recreation and treatment.
The participation of unemployed citizens in public works. During all eight months, 1243 people took part in them, which is 1.8 times more than during the same time last year. Such work is well established in the cities of Bolshoy Kamen, Vladivostok, Dalnegorsk, Dalnerechensk, Lesozavodsk, Partizansk, Nakhodka, Spassk-Dalny, Ussuriysk and Dalnerechensky, Kavalerovsky, Mikhailovsky, Olginsky, Partizansky, Border, Pozharsky and Khorolsky districts.
3,467 people were sent to vocational training with the assistance of the employment service, which is a quarter more than the same period last year. The number of vacancies reached 8.3 thousand, which is twice as many as at the end of August 1998. This is a good factor for job seekers. Meanwhile, in the cities of Arseniev and Partizansk, the demand for vacancies remains high.
Services related to the promotion of citizens' rights to employment are provided by the employment service bodies free of charge.
The activities of public employment services ensure the active interaction of unemployed citizens, employers, fixed and protected by legal norms, and also provides social support to socially vulnerable segments of the population. This is achieved by the following activities: the use of computer banks of vacancies, employment assistance, payment of benefits, professional counseling, referral for professional retraining, advanced training, creation of additional jobs for the disabled, youth, that is, the active implementation of the state policy of employment of the population.

Questions and tasks for self-control

1. What is meant by the state employment service?
2. What is the main and only requirement for a person who is registered with the employment service?
3. List the main directions of the employment service.
4. Under whose department is the employment service?
5. What rights are granted to the employment service to regulate the labor market?
6. Do employers participate in the mechanism of regulation and organization of employment?
7. List the conditions for recognizing a citizen as unemployed.
8. To whom do employment services provide advisory assistance?