Open lesson in Russian in the 7th grade

Subject - preparing for a summary 2 hours.

Work form: practical lesson number 1.

Text taken from workbook for 7th grade students. M., "National education", 2015, edited by I. P. Tsybulko

Lesson Objectives:

cognitive- to form practical skills for conducting multidimensional text analysis necessary for writing summary; to promote the organization of students' activities in the perception and comprehension of the text

Regulatory - create the necessary conditions for the development of creative logical thinking of students, increasing their cognitive motivation.

Communicative - improve different kinds speech activity of students in the classroom,

Equipment: computer; multimedia projector; screen; Educational Resources: handout, texts, postcard, telegram form, poster

1 . Organizational part

Good afternoon, dear colleagues!

Good afternoon guys!

Today we have with you public lesson, on which we will prepare for the presentation on the text of N. Zhurkovich, who wrote a lot wonderful works about the beauty of our native Russian nature, about animals and birds, communication with which often makes a person happy.

And I want our lesson to turn out as a holiday, a holiday of thought, a holiday of knowledge, a holiday of our joint creativity.

Let's smile to each other and give ourselves success!

2. Goal setting

Before we start working with the text, let's recall the words of the great Russian writer L.N. Tolstoy:

“If you want to be smart, learn to be attentive (Students finish a thought…listen), intelligent…(ask), calm…(answer) and stop talking…(when there is nothing to say).”

Call. Construction of the intended text based on key words

1. Guys, please look at the slide. Can you guess what the text will be about? Scattered on the slide are the words: titmouse, narrator, attached, my girlfriend, mischievous, beast, covered the self-assembly tablecloth, hid, watched, greedy, lover, subject

Children's assumptions (answers)

Working with text - the teacher reads the text

Slides #2-3

1. Overfed on generous grub, the tit has become attached to me. 2. All day I went from hole to hole, looking for a perch, and all day a tit scurried after me. 3. Her squeaking seemed to me not plaintive, but mischievous. 4. Once or twice my girlfriend and I arranged joint feasts. 5. I brewed coffee on a spirit stove and warmed sandwiches, and for a titmouse I covered a self-assembled mitten with its delicacies. 6. And then I noticed that my girlfriend is cunning beast.

7. How would you like it if you, for example, invited someone to your place, sat down at the table and began regale, and this subject, without embarrassment, would you take food from plates and hide it in your pockets?

8 ... my tit turned out to be such a subject. 9. No matter how much I posted edible supplies, everything gradually disappeared, and first of all, small cubes of ice-cream bacon. 10. She took food to the bush and hid it somewhere, apparently in reserve. 11. No, I will not allow myself to be fooled. 12. While the tit was eating "at the table", I calmly watched her, and when she began to put food in the "pocket", I wrapped the goodies in a piece of newspaper. 13. And then the real concert began! 14. The tit seemed to write out angrily: "Greedy!". 15. But I was overcome by a feeling, probably similar to the feeling of a loser who is trying to keep his beloved by any means.

(According to N. Zhurkovich)

Guys, did your assumptions on the content of the text come true?

How did the story make you feel? (surprise? fun? anxiety? made me think? (over what?)

(children's answers)

Conclusion: a person must live in harmony with nature, then harmony will live in his soul, a person will be happy.

The form of work of students - in groups (there are 4 of them);

Method - practical

And now take the texts that are on your table, carefully read the text and, using the "Insert" technique, make notes in the margins

Working with a table

Examination

Now, turn over the page on which the text is printed and try to answer the following questions.

Form of work - frontal, method - conversation

What do you think is the main idea of ​​this text?

1. The tit loved ice cream fat most of all?

2.Show that the world around us keeps many wonders and mysteries?

3. Did the narrator become so close to the tit that he even learned to understand its language?

4. Birds are characterized by grateful love for a person, but are their instincts stronger?

Which sentence from the text provides evidence for the following statement:

“The narrator became so close to the titmouse that he even seems to have learned to understand its language? Give the number of this offer.

Answer…(14)

The meaning of which word from the text is defined WRONG

1) grub (offer number 1) - food, food

2) a beast (sentence number 2) - a rogue, a rogue, a deceiver

3) treat (sentence number 7) - treat

4) subject (sentence No. 7) - a cunning, dodgy person

Children's answers

Finding out the meaning of the word subject

For reference "subject" -
1. A person who knows and acts, a being that opposes outside world as an object of knowledge;

2. General about a person (usually negatively characterized)

What word should come first in sentence number 8?

2. Therefore

4. At the same time

Group 1 - draws up a question plan using "thick" questions, using the words: How? How many? When? Why? For what? How? and writes it down on a piece of drawing paper, which he attaches to the board.

Sample questions:

How did the titmouse and the narrator spend their time?

What is the purpose of the narrator comparing a tit with an ill-mannered guest

Why did the tit hide food?

Why didn't the narrator let the bird hide food?

The 2nd group makes a syncwine on whatman paper for the image "tit" and stick it on the board

Approximate syncwine:

Mischievous, cunning

carried away, hid, resented

The tit turned out to be a real beast

Beloved

The 3rd group makes a syncwine on whatman paper for the image "narrator" and attaches it to the board (Exemplary cinquain)

Narrator

Observant, kind

Covered, treated, wrapped

Attached to the tit with all my heart

Group 4, using the "Keywords" method, builds a ladder (horizontally) to the word "tit"

2. My girlfriend

3. My tit

4. Beloved

We check. We evaluate. We draw conclusions.

We head the text, focusing on syncwines and a ladder table with keywords. What name reflects main theme this text?

1. Gluttonous tit

2. Adventure fishing

Before you start writing a presentation, you should carefully read the wording of the task itself and try to understand what needs to be done to complete it.

To write a concise presentation, the text is read twice with a break of 5-10 minutes. During this time, you need to determine and formulate the main topic of the text, write down keywords and try to structure the sequence of events or reasoning, i.e., schematically, thesis write down micro-themes or paragraphs of the text listened to (or read during preparation).

Required terms

Text are several consecutive sentences that are connected common theme, one thought and are characterized by semantic completeness.

Subject is what the text says.

Main idea of ​​the text- the attitude of the author to the subject, phenomenon or content of speech reflected in the text, this is what he proves, what he wants to convince the reader of.

microtheme- these are several independent sentences of the text, united by one thought, which are formally reflected in one paragraph. Usually, each micro-theme, when read aloud, is separated by an intonational pause.

Thesis- This is a group of several independent sentences of the text, connected by one thought contained in one paragraph.

Paragraph- the part of the text that starts with a red line and ends before the next red line. In other words, this is the part of the text between the two red lines.

How to prepare for writing an essay

Under the presentation, it is customary to understand the reproduction of the main content or main ideas of the text with the simultaneous exclusion of minor details.

How should you write a summary? In order to answer this question, analyze the criteria by which such work will be evaluated.

To properly write a summary, you need to be able to:

1) to highlight in the source text the most essential, important, i.e. the main thoughts and ideas;

2) using various methods of text compression, shorten the text without changing its theme and without skipping micro-themes;

3) find in the text means of expressiveness of speech that reflect the characteristics of an object or phenomenon and serve as an argument for expressing the attitude of the author.

When writing a presentation, the following requirements and principles must be taken into account:

1. Preserve text composition, i.e., the construction, ratio and relative position of the parts, and also take into account that the composition includes three parts: introduction, main part and conclusion.
2. Avoid logical errors, i.e., errors associated with violation or non-observance of the laws of logic. For example, it can be any contradictory or unsubstantiated judgments, as a result of which there is a violation of causal relationships or there is a lack of sufficient grounds for the above conclusion, it can be a violation of the sequence of presentation, lexical or semantic repetitions, as well as omissions of something important .
3. Voice Connectivity- one of the necessary features of the text, which lies in the fact that the writer expresses his thoughts and draws them up in writing in such a way that the connection between the individual parts of speech or segments of the text becomes important and understandable to the addressee.
4. Actual Accuracy- this is a citation of exact facts that correspond to reality, i.e. the text, during the presentation of which any distortion of the author's thoughts when interpreting the text while writing a summary, as well as when providing illustrations that support the argument, is unacceptable and is considered a mistake.
5. The person in the presentation cannot be changed. The presentation should be conducted from the person from whom the text is written.

Text compression techniques

Ways to compress text

Exception	Generalization	Simplification
You can omit details, details Exclude repetitions, examples, illustrations, numerical data, digressions Don't mention quotes Do not use participial phrases Reduce the number of definitions Reduce the number of homogeneous members or synonyms Exclude sentences with descriptions or reasoning	Instead of a series of homogeneous members, you can use only one generalizing word form difficult sentence of two sentences related in meaning	Replace direct speech with indirect Break complex sentences into abbreviated simple sentences Replace subordinate clause participle turnover Change the complex sentence to a simple one Replace part of the text with a short synonymous expression Formulate any idea of ​​the text in your own words

The choice of each compression method in a particular case always depends on the communicative task, as well as on the characteristics of the text and the level of readiness of students. When compressing the text, it should be remembered that all sentences must be interconnected in meaning and grammatically, otherwise it will just be a set of independent sentences. It is necessary to preserve the division of the text into paragraphs.

In addition, there are combined and compatible methods. Under the combinatorial technique, we mean a technique based on combining text fragments with a possible rearrangement of its individual parts.

Compatibility technique is based on a combination or combination of individual parts of the text obtained as a result of compression or compression.

Examples of incremental text compression

Let's bring specific example gradual compression of artistic text:

Often in autumn I would closely watch the falling leaves to catch that imperceptible split second when the leaf separates from the branch and begins to fall to the ground, but I did not succeed for a long time. I have read in old books about the sound of falling leaves, but I have never heard that sound. If the leaves rustled, it was only on the ground, under the feet of a person. The rustle of leaves in the air seemed to me as unbelievable as stories about hearing the grass grow in spring.

I was, of course, wrong. Time was needed so that the ear, dulled by the rattle of the city streets, could rest and catch the very clear and precise sounds of the autumn earth.

(K. Paustovsky)

Example 1

1. First, select micro topics:

2. Then add comments and keywords:

3. Let's add a micro-theme:

Micro topics

Presentation is creative work, which implies a brief written retelling of the material read or listened to. This type of activity tests a person’s memory, the ability to correctly formulate thoughts, literacy and the level of mental preparation. That is why the question of whether is of interest to both schoolchildren and students.

Is it possible to teach a child to write a statement

Undoubtedly, it is possible to teach a younger student to write a presentation, but you will have to find the right motivation for him. If a child wants to master this skill, then you will quickly find an approach to learning.

To make it easier for you to teach a student to write a summary, develop his memory from childhood. To do this, read books together, play educational games and work on logical thinking. If in preschool age the baby will actively develop mentally, then explaining to him how to write a summary will not be difficult for you.

When it's time to master this skill, be patient. Regular training will lead to success fairly quickly. Work with your child so that in a few days he can easily write a paper at school for a high mark. Children quickly remember new material, so do not worry that you will have to spend a lot of time.

How to teach a child to write an essay

To explain to a child, please be patient. To achieve fast results, follow the instructions:

• Explain to the child that you will now read the text, and he should try to remember its essence.
• Read the text expressively, observing pauses and intonation highlighting important points.
• Read the text again, but more quickly.
• While you are reading, the child should write down for himself the main points from the text.
• Ask your child to write the text in their own words, using the sketches they made on their own.

How to write a child will understand the first time. But he will need time to master the technique of writing and adapt to a new occupation for him. Therefore, work out with your baby several times a week. You need to start with short and simple texts, gradually moving on to more complex ones.

This is the plan for working with children, but how to learn how to write a statement for an adult? If you need to pass an exam, test or test, which will include this type of test, then you will have to learn how to retell the text.

If you want to learn how to write a summary, understand that there is no faster and better way to learn than constant practice. Ask loved one or a friend to dictate to you a text that you will retell in writing. Remember these rules:

• Initially determine the topic of the text and highlight it main idea.
• Define the text style.
• Mentally break the text into an introduction, body and conclusion.
• Make an outline of the text if you are allowed to use your drafts.
• When you listen to the text for the second time, highlight for yourself some details that will help you recall certain points from the narrative.
• Write a retelling of each part on a draft, then link them together.
• When you're ready, rewrite your essay in a clean copy.

If you practice several times, then after 3-4 days you will be able to easily write a presentation of any complexity. Do not be afraid to make a mistake in the narrative or paraphrase the text too much. The presentation does not require an exact retelling. You will be given a high mark if you can express the main idea in your own words.

How to write a presentation, we sorted it out. Now let's move on to special points that will greatly facilitate your writing process:

• When you plan or write down important points, shorten your words so you don't waste time writing.
• Concentrate on the fact that you must remember the main idea, do not scatter attention to the entire text.
• Watch for literacy, your score will depend on it too.

Now you know what to do if you have to urgently prepare for an exam or control work. But remember that you are unlikely to be able to quickly grasp the essence of this method of testing knowledge if you have not previously developed your memory in any way.

We train memory

Only a person with a good memory will be able to write a competent presentation. To train her, read books, decide logical tasks, watch educational films and discuss them with friends. In addition, remember that you need to work on yourself not only before the test work, but throughout your life.

Thus, writing a presentation is not a difficult task. Approach its solution with all responsibility, so that after a short period of time you will be able to put your skills into practice.

1 slide - Master class "The system of work on teaching a concise presentation in order to develop coherent speech of students"

Prepared by: Russian teacher and Literature MBOU Secondary School No. 61, Persianovskogo settlement Polomoshnova Natalya

- Dear Colleagues! Today I want to present you a master class on the designated topic.

Namely, I want to demonstrate to you some of the techniques for working with text that help our students complete the first part of the OGE exam.

Oddly enough, I do not reinvent the wheel, but just follow the authors of the textbook (in this case Lvov, Lvov), in which this training is very clearly thought out and implemented in the form of a coherent system of exercises in the section “Speech Development”. To be honest, I was always touched by the exclamations of some of our teachers who like to tell that the Unified State Examination and the OGE are something inaccessible, that there is not much in the program. I want to emphasize that at each lesson we have the opportunity to work on the text, which means that targeted preparation is ongoing!

2 slide Master class objectives:

1. continue preparing for the OGE in the Russian language;

2. update knowledge about the features of a concise presentation;

3. generalize knowledge about the ways of text compression;

4. to form general educational skills of working with text;

5. develop the accuracy and conciseness of speech.

What is a summary?

3 slide - Concise summary -is a written retelling of the text, the basis of which is the reproduction of the main, main content. ("the necessary meaning is expressed as much as possible with a minimum expenditure of speech means"(Valgina N.S.)

In the format The OGE is a way to check such substantive sections of the Russian language subject as:Speech. Hearing. Adequate understanding oral speech. Presentation.

Communicative competence is checked in the work at the level of students' possession of productive and receptive skills of speech activity - as it is written in the specification for control and measuring materials.This is the first part of the examination paper, which takes 90 minutes to complete. Volume - not less than 70 words.

4 slide Remember!!!

The summary should be short in form, but NOT poor in content.

When teaching a concise presentation, we develop the skills of accurate and concise speech, that is, the following are formed:

5 slide - K communicative and speech skills:

1. the ability to isolate the main thing in information;

2. shorten the text in different ways;

3.correctly, logically and concisely express your thoughts;

4.find and appropriately, accurately use language means of generalized transmission of content.

At the same time, this type of presentation contributes to the improvement of general communication skills: to reveal the topic and the main

the thought of the text; plan the speech improve the created text, etc.

I must say that at every lesson in the development of speech, in which we write a concise presentation, on the desk, the children are always at handmemos - they are in front of you:

I divided the system of teaching children how to write a summary into several steps, well, or in another way, stages.

6 slide The four parts of the handout direct students to thesestages of work on the presentation.

7 slide - The first stage is listening and understanding

• Listen to the text. Define a topic.
• Highlight the main information in the text.
• How many semantic parts is the text divided into (composition, micro-themes)?
• Which sentence contains the main idea of ​​the text?
• Determine the speech type and text style.

8-9 slide - The second stage is the distinction between the main and the secondary, the formation of the ability to shorten the text in different ways.

This is the development of text compression skills. At the same time, schoolchildren should be able to separate information into main and secondary, be able to use techniques for excluding irrelevant and secondary information, and collapse the original information due to generalization.

10 slide - I offer you a smallpractical work, which will consolidate the skills of text compression. We work in pairs. Here are worksheets with tasks that you will complete during the explanation, and then we will check the answers.

So, what methods of text compression will we use?

Exception is the first way.

11 slide - EXCEPTION options:

1. exclude a few synonyms in a series of homogeneous members, we keep the one of the synonyms that has the greatest capacity in this context. slide 12-13,
2. 2. We remove explanatory constructions from the text, for example, a rowhomogeneous memberssimple sentences

The second way - Generalization

When GENERALIZING it is necessary: Slides 14 -

• isolate single facts;
• choose the language means of their generalized transmission;
• compose a new text.

The third way is to simplify

For SIMPLIFICATION it is necessary: ​​slides 15

• replace a complex sentence with a simple one;
• replace the sentence or part of it with a demonstrative pronoun;
• combine two or three sentences into one;
• break a complex sentence into abbreviated simple ones;
• convert direct speech into indirect speech.

slide 16-17-18 Replacing a subordinate adverbial clause with a participial turnover.

slide 19 - Let's check the answers in the Practical work

20 slide - stage 3

• - Writing summary each part,
• Tie them togetherto get text.

slide 21

Stage 4

• . editing what was written on a draft.
• Rewriting clean, checking what is written.

slide 22 - I remind students of the main CONDITIONS in writing a presentation:

• it is necessary to convey the content of both each micro-theme and the entire text as a whole;
• do not combine micro topics in one paragraph;
• start each paragraph with a red line;
• volume of presentation - 70-90 words;
• Write your essay in neat, legible handwriting.

I bring to your attention practical work №2.

Text compression techniques can be practiced in regular Russian lessons. I invite the participants of the master class to break into four groups. Each group is invited to compress 1, 2, 3, 4 parts of the text using the compression techniques indicated above and guided by the table"Techniques for compressing (compressing) text".

I propose to check the product obtained as a result of group work.

Completed version.

Conclusions: Thus, it should be noted that when compressing the original text, the graduate creates a new speech work, in which the sentences must be united by a common meaning, and the content is transmitted sequentially without violating paragraph division and without logical errors.

Dear Colleagues! The success of passing the exam in the Russian language depends on how we prepare. It does not matter what methods we will use, the main thing is that they work for the result. We all want to wish you good luck in your exams!

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Slides captions:

Preview:

How to write a concise summary (detailed instructions for students) 1.After the first reading : Define it topic, State the main idea Define text style, type of speech, Find out the meaning of unknown words. Make a plan highlighting micro topics. 2. After the second reading. Working with the outline of the text, mark in it key words , the most striking expressions that are associated with the transfer of basic information of the text. Consider the content of the text, determine which information is primary and which is secondary. Define reduction methodtext (exclusion, generalization, simplification); Write summary each part, tie them togetherto get text. 3. Edit the draftpaying attention to: A) the accuracy of the transfer of the plot, facts, the logic of the deployment of the text, the connection between sentences and microthemes (sequence), division into paragraphs; B) compliance with the requirement of text compression when transmitting its content, whether there are any unnecessary details, avoiding the topic; 1. Every person who entered the room with the kids had a joyful, bright, friendly smile on his face. 2. Remove explanatory constructions from the text, for example, a rowhomogeneous memberswith a generalizing word or seriessimple sentencesas part of the unionless complex, explaining the content of the first part. 2. He knew different languages: German, French, Italian and Moldovan, and no one could recognize Russian in him. 2. Generalization - Task: Isolate individual facts and select language means for their generalized transmission; Residents of the village spend their leisure time in different ways. Someone rereads Jules Verne novels loved since childhood; someone spends a lot of time on the river or in the forest. The main occupation of teenagers is sport games and competition. The most memorable event was last year's cyclocross. 3. Simplify - 1. Replace the relative attributive clause with a synonymous definition. A small room on the second floor is occupied by a company that offers its customers tours to all continents and countries. The first and most important part of the Russian language exam in the 9th grade is the presentation. The procedure is simple: an audio recording with the reading of the text is turned on twice in the audience, after which the students must summarize what they heard in a volume of at least 70 words. A brilliantly written presentation adds 7 points to the final result (out of 39 maximum). And this is 17% of the total result of the ninth grade exam. Alas, the statistics on the OGE are disappointing. 65% of schoolchildren cope with this part only on the top three, getting the minimum score due to the essay and the test part. Is it worth it to present? Special attention? Undoubtedly. The ability to correctly state the text is an indicator that a person is able to extract the main idea from what he heard and present it in the form of his own coherent text. And although the presentation of the children learn to write with elementary school, usually there are problems with the transmission of sounding text in writing. First, the child tries to write down the entire text, including introductory words, service parts of speech and minor constructions. As a result, not keeping up with the speaker, he loses the thread of reasoning and violates the semantic integrity of the text. This is the most serious mistake. The texts proposed for presentation are a discussion about a problem proposed by the author. So, the sequence of development of thought is extremely important. In an effort to keep up with the reader and write down everything, the child invariably misses one of the semantic links. I would like to point out that The exam requires you to write a short summary.. This means that an attempt to record everything in a row in most cases ends in failure. And if the child writes quickly and manages to write everything down? Will he get the highest score? No. In this case the test will not score points for the text compression criterion. There is such a criterion, and the expert is obliged to evaluate how much the graduate was able to compress original text. That's why rule number one: passing text one to one does not work. As you prepare to present, help your child formulate in their own words what they have heard. At first, if there is a problem with the presentation of the thought, take texts of a small volume, about 120-150 words. Secondly, the meaning of some phrases modern student is simply incomprehensible. Often these are quotations cited as evidence of the author's thought. I'll give you an example. Speaking about the receptivity of the child's soul, the author of one of the texts for presentation cites the words of A. S. Pushkin, who wrote: "They say that misfortune - good school; May be. But happiness is the best university. It completes the education of the soul, capable of good and beautiful ... " Most schoolchildren do not understand which university in question without knowing about figurative meaning given word Therefore, such points require separate clarification and clarification. The third problem is the student's inability to link disparate sentences into a coherent text. The sentences, like incoherent scraps of thought, follow each other without any logic. iconmonstr-quote-5 (1) The skill of compiling a coherent text is worked out in the course of training presentations. And here I come to the main idea. Don't be limited school preparation to the presentation. Often, due to the emphasis on the essay and the test part, the teacher simply does not have time to work out the detailed presentations. Ordinary moms and dads who have graduated from school and have the skill of coherent speech can definitely help their child prepare for this difficult task. An easy way to learn how to write an essay The main thing in the presentation is to understand the main idea of ​​the sounding text. At the lesson, schoolchildren are taught to divide the text into semantic parts and highlight the main idea of ​​each - it is called a micro-topic. If we act strictly mathematically, the original text should be reduced by about half: iconmonstr-quote-5 (1) from 160-200 given words to make a coherent text of the order of 80-100. How do you know what to throw away and what to keep? In the classroom, I advise you to use a simple technique: after the first reading, write out grammatical basis Each sentence has a subject and a predicate. This will help highlight the semantic "concentrate" of the text. As an example, I will give a paragraph from the already mentioned text about childhood impressions. “A certain elusive line that occurs when one state passes into another, sometimes the opposite, worries me most in childhood. Children are the most subtle connoisseurs of such elusive real states. But even adults who know the world know that the most delicious potatoes are slightly crunchy, on the verge of raw and baked. A fraction of a second before a dangerous jump over an obstacle, the moment when the swing is still moving up, but the reverse movement is about to begin, an exciting moment before falling into water or straw - all this gives rise to an incomprehensible delight that makes up happiness and the fullness of life. 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