an educated person distinguishes, first of all, his ability to correctly express his thoughts both orally and on paper. In order to follow the rules of punctuation, you need to know everything about the main members of the sentence.
The grammatical basis of the sentence (aka predicative) consists of the main members of the proposal, which are subject And predicate . Usually the subject is written out and singled out with one line, and the predicate - with two.
The article answers the most important questions:
- How to find grammatical basis suggestions?
- What members of a sentence make up its grammatical basis?
- What is the grammatical basis?
The subject is a word that indicates the subject to which the predicate refers. For example: The sun came out from behind the mountains. The sun is the subject expressed by the noun. A wide variety of parts of speech can act as a subject.
The subject can be expressed not only by single words, but also by phrases.
- The combination of a noun in the nominative case with a noun in the instrumental case. For example: Katya with Arina love to figure skate.
- A pronoun, as well as a numeral and an adjective in the superlative degree. For example: The most daring stepped forward.
- A pronoun or noun in the nominative case combined with a participle or adjective. For example: Someone bad tore her album with drawings.
- A combination of a numeral in the nominative case and a noun in the genitive case. For example: seven guys went out into the yard.
Interestingly, the subject can be even a phraseological unit.
Predicate
The predicate is related to the subject and answers questions such as “what does the object do?”, “what happens to it?”, “what is it?”. The predicate in a sentence can be expressed through several parts of speech:
Compound predicates
The predicate often consists of several words. Such predicates are called compound. Compound predicates can be verbal or nominal.
Composite verbal predicates are expressed in the following ways:
Compound nominal predicate may consist of:
- The linking verb to be and the short adjective. For example: Today Margarita was especially beautiful.
- Verbs to become, to be, to be and other semi-significant verbs in combination with a noun. He finally became a doctor!
- Verbs that have the meaning of the state of an object. Marina works as a teacher.
- Verb combined with an adjective in different forms. His dog was prettier others.
In a two-part sentence, both main members are present. However, there are also sentences in which only one main member is used. They are called singletons.
The subject in one-part sentences is most often a noun in the nominative case.
It can be expressed by means of a verb in its various forms.
In one-component definitely personal In the sentence, the predicate is expressed by the verb in the first/second person, singular/plural and present/future tense in the indicative mood, or by the verb in the imperative mood. Today I'm going for a walk. Don't touch the dirty dog!
In a one-part indefinite-personal predicate, the verb is in the third person and plural, present, future or past tense in the indicative mood. Also, the predicate can be expressed by the verb in the imperative or conditional mood. There's a knock on the door! Let him call Aunt Dasha. If I had been informed earlier, I would not have been late.
IN generalized-personal In a sentence, the predicate is expressed either by a verb in the second person singular or plural, or by a verb in the third person and plural. This is how they talk to visitors now.
In one-component impersonal the predicate is a verb in the form of the third person singular and the present or future tense. Also, the predicate can be a neuter verb in the past tense or conditional mood. Makes me sick. It was getting dark.
It is important to remember that the number of grammatical bases in a sentence is not limited. How to determine the grammatical basis of a complex sentence? The grammatical basis of a complex sentence is as easy to determine as the basis of a simple sentence. The difference is only in their number.
grammatical basis sentences form the main members of the sentence ( subject and predicate). That is, the grammatical basis of the sentence (predicative basis, core) is the main part of the sentence, which consists of its main members: the subject and the predicate. See also introductory words..
Subject.
Remember!
Subject can be expressed not only by a noun or pronoun in nominative case, but also:
| 1) numeral, adjective and participle in I.P. as a noun; Seven (num.)one is not expected. All Past (adj. as noun)I only dreamed. |
2) designs: Numeral / several, many, part, majority, minority + noun in R.P.; The prince gathered in the sakla multitude of people. Several ladies were walking quickly up and down the square. Someone, everyone, many / adjective + of + noun in R.P.; The best student solved this problem quickly. Someone, something + adjective, participle as a noun; Something so insignificant tied in a scarf. Noun / pronoun + c + noun / pronoun in Tv.P. ( but only if the predicate is expressed by the verb in the plural!). Vanya and Iwent along the forest road predicate in plural.). Annawith her daughter in her arms entered the room (predicate in singular). |
3) an infinitive that names an action that does not occur in time. livein a lordly way - this is a noble affair |
Predicate.
There are three types of predicates in Russian. The following algorithm of actions will help you determine which type is represented in your proposal.
Distinguish!
If there are homogeneous predicates in the sentence, then each of them should be considered separately.
Also watch the video presentation.
Prompt.
1) Most often, doubts are caused by the definition of a simple verbal predicate, expressed in more than one word:
I I will take part in the exhibition.
In this example I will take part- a complex form of the future tense, which is defined in syntax as a simple predicate. And the combination participate is a phraseological unit that can be replaced by the word I participate. Therefore, we have a simple verbal predicate.
Trap!
Often they make a mistake, calling the following construction simple verbal predicates:
Everything in Moscow is saturated with poetry, pierced with rhymes.
This error is due to two factors.
First, a short passive participle should be distinguished from the past tense form of the verb.
Remember!
The short participle has suffixes -T-, -N-, and the verb -L-. Means, impregnated, pierced are short passive participles.
Secondly, we have a predicate that is expressed in just one word, but what is it - simple or compound (see Morphological analysis of a word with examples)? Try adding some adverbial tense to the sentence, for example, at the beginning of the twentieth century, and see how these forms behave.
At the beginning of the 20th century, everything in Moscow was saturated with poetry, rhymes were pierced.
A bunch appears It was and the predicate already clearly becomes compound. The Russian language is not characterized by constructions in the present tense with a bunch to be. Agree, it sounds clearly foreign if we say: All in Moscow eat impregnated with verses, rhymes eat pierced.
Thus, if in a sentence you encounter predicates expressed by short passive participles, then you are dealing with compound nominal predicate.
Remember!
Words can't, can, must, must included in composite predicates.
to me need to get off at this stop.
Trap!
Be careful with words to be, to appear, to be, because by highlighting only them, you can skip one more component of the predicate.
She seemed funny to me.Wrong!
If you highlight only the words seemed, then the meaning of the sentence is completely changed ( seemed = dreamed, dreamed, imagined).
Right: She seemed funny to me
Wrong: The teacher was strict (was = existed, lived).
Right: The teacher was strict.
Trap!
In this task, quite complex sentences are offered for analysis and the answer options are very often similar to each other. What "traps" can you expect here?
1) Offers can be made according to different models:
- subject + predicate;
- only predicate or subject (single-member sentences);
- subject + homogeneous predicates;
- homogeneous subjects + predicate.
In the answer option, the subject, predicate, or one of the homogeneous subjects or predicates may be omitted.
Remember!
The grammatical basis includes ALL the main members of the sentence, the omission of one of them is a clear mistake.
2) In the answer option, the subject and predicate of different grammatical bases can be combined.
3) The subject can only be in I.P.! Answer options with nouns, pronouns not in I.P. deliberately incorrect (except when they are part of the predicate and without them the whole meaning of the sentence changes).
4) The answer option may contain participial or participle turnover, which are never included in the grammatical basis.
Distinguish!
Structures should be distinguished verb + noun in V.P. And noun + passive participle.
The coordinates were calculated. ? Coordinates calculated.
IN first case coordinates is a noun in the accusative case that depends on the verb (i.e. addition), and in second is a nominative form that agrees with the past participle (i.e. subject). If you change each of the designs, the differences will be visible. Let's put the predicates in each of the sentences in the singular form:
Calculate coordinates. coordinate calculated.
The subject and predicate always agree with each other, and the object will remain unchanged.
5) Sometimes words which, which in complex sentences are subject.
[And shiny droplets crawled down his cheeks] , (which are on the windows during the rain). (which = droplets).
Parsing the task.
1. Which of the combinations of words is the grammatical basis in one of the sentences or in one of the parts of a complex sentence?
(1) So what is the difference between human and animal perception? (2) For an animal, only concrete things exist; its perception is inseparable from the real environment in which it lives and acts. (3) So, for example, the "television version" of a dog means nothing to a cat. (4) Man, in the process of evolution, acquired a unique ability to create in his imagination perfect images reality, but they no longer seem to be a direct cast from a specific thing. (5) Through development cognitive activity, in particular, the processes of abstraction and generalization, a person can isolate any individual features of the object being studied, being distracted from all other, insignificant details. (6) Thus, a person has the ability to form a generalized image of a real thing, which allows you to see and recognize common features and qualities of various phenomena of reality.
1) perception is (sentence 2)
2) acquired the ability (sentence 4)
3) they are not represented as a cast (sentence 4)
4) which allows you to see (sentence 6)
Option number 1 is not a grammatical basis, since here the predicate is not fully represented, which distorts the meaning of the whole sentence (perception is = in the meaning of “comes, arrives somewhere for some reason”). See point 3 in the Predicate section.
Option number 2 is also incorrect, since it lacks a subject. Who acquired the ability? In sentence 4, the subject is the word human.
Option number 3 true, although at first glance it seems wrong. The authors of the task are deliberately trying to confuse us. Although the word cast does not stand in the form of I.P., but it is part of the predicate, since without it the logic of the narrative is lost. They do not introduce themselves = Images do not call their names?!
Option number 4 incorrect . The subject is highlighted correctly. Word which the, as we have said, may be subject. In the subordinate part, it is replaced by the word image and performs the same functions, that is, it is the subject. But the predicate is not fully represented. In the offer it is allows you to see and recognize.
So way, the student who chooses option 3 will be right.
2. What words are the grammatical basis in the sixth (6) sentence of the text?
(1)… (2) They are united by one desire - to know. (3) And their age is different, and the professions are very different, and completely different level knowledge, but everyone wanted to know more than they already knew. (4) This expressed the need of millions and millions of people, eagerly absorbing all the secrets of the world, all the knowledge and skills accumulated by mankind. (5) Library visitors either studied somewhere or dreamed of studying. (6) They all needed books, but when they came to the library, they got lost in the ocean of books. (7) ... (According to K. Chukovsky).
1) books were needed, they were lost
2) they needed, they were lost
3) books were needed, coming here, they were lost
4) books were needed, they were lost in the ocean
The right one is Option 1, since in the remaining options, the second included secondary members of the sentence in the basis: in the second, the word is superfluous them (addition, stands in D.P.), in the third there is a participial turnover that is not included in the basis of the sentence, and in the fourth there is a circumstance in the ocean.
3. What combination of words is the grammatical basis in one of the sentences (or part of it)?
(1) ... (2) She will die of hunger if the gate is strong and no one opens it, but does not think to move away from the gate and pull it towards her. (3) Only a person understands that one must endure, work hard and do not what one wants, in order to get what one wants. (4) A person can restrain himself, not eat, not drink, not sleep, only because he knows what is good and should be done and what is bad and should not be done, but his ability to think teaches him this. (5) Some people increase it in themselves, others do not. (6)…
1) she will die (sentence 2)
2) what you want (sentence 3)
3) what is good and should do (sentence 4)
4) teaches ability (sentence 4)
This is an advanced task.
Option number 1 incorrect, since not all predicates are indicated by the authors. The proposal has a rather difficult structure for analysis. It is complex with a subordinate clause that is wedged between two homogeneous predicates. Therefore, you may not notice that the basis she will die must also include the predicate won't think of stepping back and pulling.
Option number 2 is also excluded. Verb I want to is impersonal and cannot have a subject.
Option number 3 similar to the previous one. This offer is also impersonal. Word must in dictionaries it is defined as a category of state, which is used in sentences without a subject.
True is Option 4.
You may have already verified that even the easiest punctuation marks (at the end of a sentence) are not as easy to put as it seems at once, because it is necessary think about the meaning of the sentence and the text. And it's even more difficult work on punctuation in the middle of a sentence. Here you need to think about what blocks the sentence consists of, where the boundaries of the blocks are, then, in accordance with the rules, place punctuation marks. Don't be scared! Let's deal with even the most difficult cases, we will help them understand and turn them into simple ones!
Let's start with perhaps main blocks - simple sentences, which may be part of a complex What is a simple sentence? His heart is grammatical basis, usually consisting of subject And predicate. Around the grammatical base are minor members of the sentence, isolated and non-isolated; included in the predicate group and in the subject group.
The grammatical basis is therefore the basis because the whole offer rests on it. If you learn how to quickly find it, it will be easy to place those necessary punctuation marks that will mark the boundary of simple sentences as part of a complex one. How should one argue?
Determine how many stems are in the sentence:
Is it difficult to find the grammatical basis of a sentence? Sometimes it's very simple: subject (who? or what?), predicate (what is he doing? what did he do?). But often there are more complicated cases.
Output: one base is a simple sentence; two or more bases - complex.
Try to determine the grammatical basis of the following sentences (see answers below).
1. Everything is clear to us, the masters.
2. From the window of the room, suddenly I heard “ku-ku”!
3. Your host is both sweet and hospitable.
4. Everyone strives to get in with his proposal.
5. The village where we played in the summer was a lovely corner.
6. Evening. Forest. Far way.
7. Our city is decorated with a wonderful park.
8. He who strives for victory will surely win.
If you coped with this work without errors, you can be congratulated! If mistakes come across, do not be upset: they exist in order to cope with it and defeat them!
What mistakes could lie in wait for you here? Someone could lose the subject, somewhere there was no predicate, in some sentence an addition was squeezed in instead of the subject, in some cases, parts of the sentence that have nothing to do with each other are underlined.
Is it really that scary? Of course not! But, if you find the grammatical basis incorrectly, you cannot see the blocks correctly, so it turns out that a simple sentence is mistakenly taken as a complex one, in complex ones the number of parts is incorrectly determined, which means that punctuation marks are arranged as they please.
How to find this insidious grammatical basis? You can first find the predicate, then the subject, or vice versa, just remember a few tips:
1) In order to find the subject, be sure to ask from the predicate double question: who? what? Then you Don't confuse subject and object.
Try to do this by defining the subject in the following sentences.
The captain saw the shore first.
The front of the dress was decorated with flowers.
If you asked a double question from the predicate, then you found the subjects captain And flowers.
2) In order to find the predicate, try asking questions: “What is happening? What is said about the subject? What is this subject (subject)? What is he doing? (subject)"
Consider examples. Subject highlighted bold, predicate - in italics.
Pupilwas beautiful.
On the street freshly And windy.
To kids couldn't sit in place.
wonderful a game– catch-up!
3) From a change in the places of the terms, the sum is changing. This means, be attentive to some sentences when determining the grammatical basis.
Green City(one-part nominative sentence).
city green(two-part sentence).
You have already seen what happens when a sentence has only a subject or only a predicate (much more often). Such proposals are called one-piece. When working with such offers, be careful! It is in them often the object is disguised as a subject in meaning. Then back to our first clue, ask a double question– and everything will become clear.
Try to find the grammatical basis in these sentences.
to me cold
but.
To him not sleeping.
to me I want to smileutsya.
Many people will say that these sentences have a subject and a predicate, that is, they are two-part. Then I can ask what is the subject? The answer might be - me, he. Then one more question: where are the words I and HE in these sentences? They are not, there are other forms: me, him. And this is already not a subject, but an addition. If you ask a question: who? what?- everything will fall into place. The correct answer is this: one-part impersonal sentences. They do not and cannot have a subject, the predicate is in italics.
We hope you now have less problems when determining the grammatical basis of a sentence!
Good luck in learning Russian!
Answers to the task.
Subject highlighted bold, predicate - in italics.
1. Allit's clear.
2.
I heard"coo-coo"!
3.
Mastermil, hospitable.
4.
Every tries to fit in.
5.
Villagewas lovely corner; wewere playing.
6.
Evening. Forest. Further way.
7.
decoratesa park. 8. Aspiringwill win.
Do you have any questions? Don't know how to find the grammatical basis?
To get help from a tutor -.
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In a sentence, as a unit of connected speech, all words differ in function and are divided into primary and secondary. The main members express the key table of contents of the statement and are its grammatical basis. Without them, the proposal has no meaning and cannot exist.
Instruction
1. To highlight grammar basis any suggestions, you need to find and emphasize its main members. These include the subject and the predicate.
2. The subject is what is being said in the sentence. It invariably stands in its original form (nominative or infinitive) and, as usual, answers the questions: “who?”, “What?”. The subject is expressed by approximately all parts of speech, if they act in the meaning of a noun in the nominative case. The noun itself: "what?" The truth does not always lie on the surface. Pronoun: "who?" I am not a follower of drastic measures. Adjective or participle: "who?" the well-fed does not understand the hungry; "who?" vacationers were waiting for the bus. Numerals: "who?" three were responsible for cleaning up the area. Infinitive (indefinite form of the verb): singing is her passion. Any word that has the meaning of a noun in the nominative case: "what?" oohs and aahs came from the street. Phraseologism: "who?" from small to large went out into the field. Compound title: "what?" Milky Way stretched out in a wide strip. Syntactically complete phrase: "who?" Grandma and I went home.
3. The predicate indicates what exactly is being reported about the subject, and answers the questions: “what is he doing?”, “What is he like?”, “What is happening to him?” etc. Depending on the method of expression, the predicate may be a simple verb; compound nominal; compound verb and difficult.
4. The primitive verbal predicate is expressed by the verb in the form of one of the moods: the letter “what did you do?” came in a timely manner. The combined nominal predicate consists of 2 parts (a copula and a nominal part): he “what did he do?” was a builder ("was a builder" - a predicate). The combined verb is made up of a copula and an infinitive: children “what did they do?” stopped quarreling. A difficult predicate is a combination of elements of a compound nominal and a compound verb predicate: my brother invariably “what did he do?” wanted to be a lawyer. the last part suggestions(“I wanted to work as a lawyer”) is a difficult predicate, since only all the words as a whole provide the necessary information about the subject.
5. To determine the grammatical basis, read the whole sentence and determine whether it is primitive or difficult, consisting of 2 or more primitive ones. If the sentence belongs to the first type, then it will have one grammatical basis, and if it belongs to the second, then several. It depends on the number of primitives suggestions included in the difficult. Let's say: we were late because it was pouring downpour. “We were late” and “it poured downpour” - the grammatical foundations of the complex suggestions .
6. Find the subject in the sentence. To do this, ask the questions “who?”, “What?” and identify the word or phrase that answers them. After that, from the discovered subject, ask the questions “what is he doing?”, “What is he like?” and discover the predicate.
7. If there is only one of the main members, then this is a one-part sentence. Please note that for its understanding and interpretation it is not necessary to refer to the context. In Russian, there are five varieties of single-component sentences: denominative (with subject) “Hot July Day”; definitely-proper, indefinitely-proper, generalized-proper and impersonal (with a predicate). "Get busy." "You are being asked." "A reasonable person you recognize immediately." "Darker".
8. In syntactic parsing, the subject is underlined with one line, and the predicate with two.
In the Russian language lessons, students are required to master not only the skills of literate writing, but also the knowledge to see the construction of a sentence, to highlight its members. To do this, you need to learn to distinguish the main and secondary members. How to find the subject in a sentence? What are its main signs?
Instruction
1. Before everyone, you must know that all members of the sentence are divided into two groups: main and secondary. The main members are the subject and the predicate. They form the grammatical basis of the sentence. In order to find the subject, try to put a question to the word. It answers the question of the nominative case ("who?" Or "what?"). For example, in the sentence "Spring will come soon" to the question "what?" answers the word "spring". That is what the sentence is talking about. Remember that the subject is the main member of the sentence, the one that denotes who or what the sentence says. These words are traditionally expressed in the nominative case.
2. The subject can be nouns (more often than not), pronouns, participles, numerals, and even an indefinite form of the verb. So, in the sentence "To live - to serve the motherland" the word "to live" will be the subject. It is an indefinite form of the verb. Please note that in this sentence there is a dash between the main members. This happens, among other things, when the subject and predicate are expressed in an indefinite form of the verb. In the sentence “We had a great rest,” the main member of the sentence, answering the question “who?” is the pronoun "we".
3. In a sentence in which there is a verb, it is easier to detect. It is a word denoting the one who does the action. Consider the sentence: “The children happily rushed to the river.” You see that it has the verb “rushed.” Identify who is doing this action. This word will be the subject. Consequently, the word "children" answers the question of the nominative case, indicates the one who does the action and is the main member in this sentence, namely, the subject.
4. The subject can also be an indivisible combination of words. For example, in the sentence “A man with a child floated down the river”, the subject is the phrase “a man with a child.” Pay attention to the verb “floated”. It is used in the plural form. Consequently, the subject will be more than one word, oh, a phrase. This allows us to say that the action does not one, but two faces.
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From school curriculum It is known that one-component sentences are called impersonal, which indicate an action or a state that arises and exists independently from the carrier of the state or the manufacturer of the action.
Impersonal suggestions hefty colorful, short. They are important in dialogues. works of art. Often used in colloquial speech. In the text, this kind of suggestions we express the states of nature, environment well-being of a person, his mental and physical state. impersonal suggestions It is easier for us to formulate the impracticability, the inevitability of action, the denial. Also, according to Dietmar Rosenthal, these syntactic constructions have a shade of inertia, passivity. According to another well-known linguist, Alexander Peshkovsky, with the support of impersonal sentences, it is possible to express: - ease of action. Such a construction helps the author to show that the action takes place on its own, without the efforts of a person (“It was sown freely ...”); - a state that a person himself cannot cope with ("She could not sit still"); - the suddenness of an act. When people themselves do not expect such actions from themselves (“Here I’m going to them ...,” Brykin said by itself”); - the time when the action is performed on its own, against the freedom of man. Some occasions, sometimes unclear (retreat and an impersonal form of expression), stop him, force him to act differently (“What, couldn’t you say?” Tanya asked. “Yes, somehow it didn’t affect,” he answered her "); - the work of memory, its clarification and other features of the body ("Suddenly, my head started working very clearly. I remembered: I was driving across a faded field. "); - cardiac processes associated with the activity of the imagination ("Now I'm dreaming: I would get sick for weeks on two, three"); - a person's hope for something that has no basis. A person believes because wants it to come true (“It was believed for some reason that spring would be early”); - the work of thought, which is performed independently on whether a person wants to think about it or not (“And I also thought that now everything will go differently”) Thus, the universal meaning of impersonal sentences is the statement of an independent action (sign) that is not correlated with the agent.
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When parsing a sentence, you must first find it basis. Thus, the construction of the phrase becomes clear, as well as often where and how to place punctuation marks. Consequently, any person who wants to write correctly, it is desirable to be able to determine this basis .
Instruction
1. Define what a grammatical basis is. More often than not, it is represented by the subject, expressing the object or subject of the action, and the predicate, which describes the action. Such proposals are called 2-combined. A single-component base becomes if one of the 2 elements is missing in it.
2. Find the subject in the sentence. It should mean something about someone or something in question. It should also answer the question "who?" or "what?". The subject can be expressed by different parts of speech. More often than not, this is a noun in the nominative case. The subject may also be a pronoun, and not only personal, but also indefinite, interrogative or negative. It must also be in the nominative case. If the supposed subject is part of an inseparable phrase, say, "Ural Mountains", then each phrase becomes part of the stem of the sentence.
3. Highlight the predicate in the analyzed phrase. It must denote an action done by or on the subject. More often than not, this member of the sentence is expressed by a predicate, and verbal adjectives also occur in this role. The predicate must agree with the subject in person, number and gender.
4. When performing a written task, underline the subject with one, and the predicate with two lines.
5. When finding several subjects and predicates, analyze the construction of the sentence. If you see two or more semantic combinations of sentence members in front of you, then we are talking about a difficult sentence with a coordinating or subordinating connection. In the case when several predicates refer to one subject and vice versa, then you have a primitive sentence with an extended stem. However, such repeating elements must still be connected with the union "and" or separated by commas.
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The grammatical basis of a sentence is its most important structural part, which largely determines the meaning of each phrase. The grammatical basis in linguistics is often called the predicative core. The term "predicative basis" is also often used. This grammatical phenomenon exists in many languages.
Instruction
1. Determine if the phrase you need to parse is actually a sentence. Some phrases in Russian are both sentences and statements at the same time, but there are also those that can only be attributed to the 2nd category. In the first case, it is allowed to single out the members of the sentence in the phrase or to determine their syntactic positions. As usual, statements consisting of several words are sentences.
2. Find the subject. This member of the sentence denotes the subject, the action of which is described in the phrase itself. The subject is grammatically independent, it answers the questions of the nominative case. However, the subject can also be expressed by another part of speech, which in this case will function as a noun. Consequently, determine the active object, even if it is expressed not by a completely familiar part of speech or by a noun not in the nominative case. For example, in the sentence “VKontakte invites you to register”, the subject will be “VKontakte”. At the same time, in the sentence “The VKontakte public network invites you to register”, the subject will be the word “network”.
3. Define the predicate. It denotes the action of the subject and answers the questions of verbs. Remember that the predicate cannot always be expressed by the verb. The verb predicate can be simple or compound. In the second case, the grammatical basis includes both verbs, that is, standing in the individual form and in the infinitive. The combination of subject and predicate is the predicative core.
4. One of the main members of the proposal may be missing. In this case, the statement remains a sentence if it is allowed to determine the position of the missing member of the sentence. Occasionally, this can only be learned from the context. Let's say that the participants in the dialogue can discuss someone's actions and answer each other's questions in one word. It is clear to the interlocutors who or what is being discussed, they can only name the actions of the subject. In this case, there is a grammatical basis, but it consists of one member of the sentence. For example, if the interlocutors talked about social networks before, then one of them may ask which one is preferable. The result of "VKontakte" is a sentence, from the fact that there is a subject and a predicate is implied.
Note!
In some cases, syncretic members of a sentence are part of the grammatical core. They are grammatically connected with both the subject and the predicate and can simultaneously be the subject and, say, the circumstance.
Useful advice
Be extremely careful in cases where phraseological cycles occur in a sentence. The subject can be expressed in such a cycle, and then in the grammatical basis there will be not two words, but several, and it is unthinkable to divide them.
A large amount of time is given to the grammatical analysis of sentences in the Russian language lessons, it is certainly included in the final control program. Schoolchildren need to be able to correctly determine the grammatical basis of the sentence; tea, in case of an error, the entire task will be considered unfulfilled.
You will need
- -sentence;
- -ruler;
- -pencil.
Instruction
1. Study the offer carefully. Remember that the definition of the grammatical basis is the first stage from which its review begins. Every proposal has a basis! In most cases, it consists of a subject and a predicate, but can be represented by only one of them. Such proposals are referred to as two-part and one-part sentences, respectively. In difficult sentences, there are often two grammatical bases or more.
2. Find the subject in the sentence you are comprehending and underline it. In order not to confuse the subject and the object, it should be remembered that the subject answers the questions “who? what?". It can be expressed both by a noun or a pronoun in the nominative case, and by other parts of speech: adjective, numeral, verb. If the pronoun in the sentence is in a different case, then with a high probability it will be an object. The subject can consist of one or more words and is underlined when parsing with one horizontal line. He is hot. (There is no subject in this sentence, the predicate is hot). The walls were decorated beautiful pictures. (Pictures - subject, decorated - predicate). The strongest of the children quickly ran to the finish line. (The strongest of the children is the subject, ran - the predicate).
3. Find the predicate and underline it. To do this, you need to ask questions from the subject “what is he doing? what is he? More often than not, the predicate is expressed by a verb, but, as in the case of the subject, other parts of speech can be used: noun, adjective, adverb. The verb predicate can be represented by one or more words. When parsed, it is underlined by two parallel horizontal lines. The students did not find the notebooks. (Students - the subject, did not find the predicate). The mental game is chess. (Chess is the subject, the game is the predicate). It got dark. (The sentence consists of one predicate). I need to get off at the next stop. (Combined predicate - you need to get out)
Tip 7: How to determine the grammatical basis of a sentence
In order to understand the grammatical structure of a sentence, it is necessary to discover its basis before everyone. To do this, use the methods developed by linguists. When you understand the basis of a sentence, you will be able to, say, correctly punctuate.
Instruction
1. Find out what the grammatical basis is. These are the main members of the sentence - the subject and the predicate, which traditionally constitute the core sense of the sentence. In some cases, sentences may contain only the subject or only the predicate, as well as several words that perform identical functions of the main members of the sentence.
2. Find the subject. Most often it is expressed by a noun or a pronoun. In this case, it certainly stands in the nominative case and answers the question "who?" or "what?". In a rare case, the role of an object or subject of an action in a sentence is played by a numeral or even a whole phrase. If you see a proper name in the nominative case in a sentence, it is highly likely that this will be the subject.
3. Determine the predicate in the sentence. It denotes the action of the subject, the one that is the subject. In most sentences, the predicate is a verb coordinated with the subject in number and gender. Also, this member of the sentence can be expressed by verbal phrases, verbal adjectives and even nouns. The verb must answer the question "who does?" or “what is he doing?”, grammatically coordinated with the first part of the stem of the sentence.
4. Mark the found basis in the sentence. Underline the subject with one constant horizontal line, and the predicate with two.
5. If there are several subjects and predicates, specify the grammatical structure of the sentence. If all subjects and predicates agree with each other grammatically and in meaning, then this indicates a primitive sentence. On the contrary, if they are independent and have an independent meaning, then you have sentences with two or more stems, between which there is a coordinating or subordinating connection.
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Note!
Be careful if the sentence contains the words "to be", "to be", "to appear". Emphasizing only them, it is easy to make a mistake and skip another part of the predicate.
Useful advice
The words “permitted”, “necessary”, “impossible”, “necessary” are included in the combined predicate.