The parts of a complex sentence must be connected with each other using a coordinating or subordinating connection. Which connection is used in a complex sentence can be determined by the union and some other important details. So they distinguish (BSC) and complex sentences (CSP).

To begin with, it should be remembered that a complex sentence consists of two or more grammar basics that have the same semantic meaning. How these stems interact with each other determines the type of sentence and the required punctuation.

For example, the sentence "I'll go for a walk" is simple, it has one grammatical basis. But if you add one more part to it (“I will go for a walk, but first I will do my homework”), then you get an MTP with two bases “I will go for a walk” and “I will do my homework”, where “but” acts as a coordinating union.

What is a writing connection? This is the interaction of two or more parts that are equal and independent of each other. Coordinating sentences are defined in two simple ways.

Necessary:

1. Asking a question from one grammatical basis to another is usually impossible in SSP: “It was a cool morning, but I went for a bike ride.”
2. Try to divide the SSP into two separate sentences without losing the meaning: "The sun disappeared behind the hill, and the sunflower heads drooped sadly" - "The sun went down" and "The sunflower heads drooped sadly." The meaning is not lost, while one sentence turned into two separate ones.

Vivid examples can be found in Russian folklore: “The hair is long, but the mind is short”, “The woman is dancing, and the grandfather is crying”, “The woman is with a cart, but the mare is easier”, they are also found in descriptions of nature and reflection texts.

Parts of the SSP are usually connected by unions of the same name, which are divided into types: connecting (and, also, etc.), separating (or, or, not that ... not that, etc.) and adversarial (but, but, but, etc.).

It's important to know! A coordinative connection can be used not only to connect simple sentences as part of a complex one, but also to connect homogeneous members, participial or adverbial phrases.

subordination

If two or more grammatical bases are used, while they are not equal, but depend on each other in some order, then this is a complex sentence with.

NGN necessarily has a main part and a subordinate one, and from the first to the second one can ask a defining question.

For example, “Vasya went out for a walk because his mother started general cleaning". The main part “Vasya went out for a walk”, from which we ask the question “why did he do this?” and in the subordinate part the answer is “because mom started a general cleaning.”

A secondary or subordinate part can act as a circumstance, definition or addition.

You can define this type of interaction:

1. By asking a question from the main clause to the subordinate clause.
2. Highlighting the grammatical foundations and identifying the main one.
3. Determine the type of union.

In writing, such a relationship of parts is distinguished by punctuation marks, and in oral speech - by an intonational pause.

Types of subordination

In order to correctly parse the sentence into parts and determine the types of subordination, it is necessary to correctly determine the main part and ask a question from it to the subordinate clause.

An adjective can be of several types:

1. The determinant answers the questions: which one? which the? whose?
2. The indicative answers the questions of indirect cases, i.e. everything except the nominative.
3. The circumstantial answers the questions: where? where? why? where? why? when? as?

Since the group of adverbial clauses is very voluminous, there are more subgroups among them. The question also helps to determine the type.

The adverbial clause is of the following types:

• time (when? how long?);
• places (where? where? from where?);
• reasons (why?);
• goals (for what? for what purpose?);
• mode of action and degree (how? to what extent? to what extent?);
• comparisons (how?);
• consequences (what follows from this?);
• conditions (under what condition?);
• concessions (against what?).

Important! The type of subordinate clause is determined precisely by the question, and not by the type of subordinating union or allied word. So, for example, the allied word "where" can be used not only in adverbial clauses of the place, but also in the attributive clause: "I'm in a hurry to that house (what?) Where I used to live."

Communication types in NGN

Since such a sentence often contains several subordinate clauses at once, it should also define subordinate relations:

• Consistent submission. Each clause refers to a word from the preceding clause ("I was humming a song I heard yesterday when we were walking in the park").
• Homogeneous submission. The structure resembles homogeneous members of a sentence. The subordinate parts answer one question and refer to the same word in the main clause, while the subordinating conjunctions can be different (“After what happened, I did not understand how to live and what to do next, how to forget everything and start life anew”). Punctuation marks follow the same rule as punctuation with homogeneous members of a sentence.
• parallel submission. The subordinate clauses refer to the same main clause, but answer different questions: "I was bored there, despite the crowd of people, because no one was interesting to me there."

Important! There may be proposals with combined submission.

Subtleties of punctuation

It is equally important to know what punctuation marks should be placed in the SSP and SPP, because the parts are necessarily connected by a union - service unit speech that does not decline, does not conjugate and connects homogeneous members or simple sentences as part of a complex one. It is the union that helps to understand what type of connection is used in the sentence.

The coordinating and subordinating connection in sentences involves the use of unions of the same name. Moreover, any of them is necessarily distinguished by a comma on paper, and when reading - by an intonational pause.

Subordinating conjunctions include: what, how, to, barely, only, when, where, from where, so much, to what extent, as if, as if, because, if, despite that, although etc.

The coordinative connection in a sentence and a phrase determines the use of conjunctions: and, yes, not only, also, but also, too, like ..., and, or, either, then, but, however, also, also, that is, etc.

But sentences are also non-union, in which case its parts are separated not only by a comma (“The sun has risen, the roosters habitually sang morning songs”), but also by other punctuation marks:

• colon: “I told you: you can’t be late!”
• semicolon: “The stars lit up in the sky, filling the night with light; sensing the night, a wolf howled in the distance on a high hill; a night bird screamed in a tree nearby.
• dash: "It's pouring down the street like a bucket - it's impossible to go out for a walk."

Useful video

Summing up

The presence of complex sentences makes written and oral speech bright and expressive. They can often be found in fiction and journalistic articles. The presence of complex structures allows a person to correctly and consistently express his thoughts, as well as show his level of literacy. Punctuation errors, on the contrary, testify to low speech culture and illiteracy.

Topic

Target

Tasks:

educational

developing

educational

Lesson type

Lesson Form: lesson-presentation

During the classes

I.Org.moment.

II. Poll.

What are the similarities and differences between complex sentences and compound and non-union sentences? (In it, the parts are unequal, one part is the main one, the other is subordinate).

and

The night was bitterly cold and stars dotted the sky.

When the storm left, the sun shone over the mountains and

Unfortunately, the garden has already faded and the birds have flown away.

ІІІ. Oral group work.

Love to native land, knowledge of its history is the basis on which only the growth of the spiritual culture of the whole society (SPP) can be carried out. This growth begins precisely from the roots, and a person must preserve the culture of the country (SSP). Local history is the most popular type of science: both great scientists and schoolchildren (BSP) can participate in the collection of materials. Each city is a synthesis of several cultures (PP).

І V. Project presentation

Tasks:

Pick up examples.

Create a slide presentation.

Project protection:

V.Practical work. Group work.

—

— Composing and non-union:

— Submissive and non-union:

3. Place a hundred teachers over yourself - they will be powerless if you cannot force yourself. (To Sukhomlinsky)

— writing , subordinating , unionless :

stock.

VI. Work on the text of the poem

What is the poem about?

VІІ. Workout at the board.

Choose the appropriate scheme for the written sentences.

3. Tchaikovsky argued that inspiration is a state when a person works with all his might, like an ox, and does not at all coquettishly wave his hand.

VІ II. problem task - 1 group

Similarity: Difference: 1st example - NGN with several clauses. 2nd example - joint venture with various types connections, in addition to subordination, there is also an allied connection.

2 group

Motherland and nature one root; for many of us home, where are you was born and increased childhood, With grove outskirts.

It consists of two parts connected by an unionless connection. The main connection is unionless. 1st part - a complex sentence with an explanatory clause;

2nd part - a complex sentence with two subordinate clauses: the first is a definitive , with what kind of house? Second - what river? also definitive.

1

Part 1 - in its structure - a simple sentence;

Part 2 - in its structure - NGN with a comparative clause with the conjunction "as" after the main clause.

2

1 part - SSP with the opposite union "but";

Part 2 - joint venture is unionless, consisting of two simple sentences connected by an unionless connection.

3

1 part - NGN with a clause of time, with the union "when",

Part 2 is a simple sentence.

4

Part 1 - a simple sentence,

Part 2 - NGN with a double union, therefore, after the union "and" a comma is not put, since the subordinate clause comes before the main one.

XI.Testing.

5

ХІІ. Generalization.

XIV.Homework:

1. [Only occasionally, (if a boat or something suspicious was seen nearby), a bright beam of a searchlight glided across the water], but [after a minute or two it instantly disappeared], and [then darkness set in again].

1 part in its structure - NGN with subordinate conditions (conjunction "if"), standing inside the main one; 2nd part and 3rd part are simple sentences.

2.

[ = - ]; [ = ], (what =)

may be nearby

[=-], and (although =-), but[=].

And, (though...), .

1. . Practical work.

- Perform ex. 538.

Exercise.

Part 1 - in its structure consists of 2 simple sentences connected by a coordinating union "and", therefore, this is an SSP, and the first sentence is two-part, the second sentence is one-part.

• echi.

teachers:

View document content
"A complex sentence with different types of connection"

Topic: Compound sentences with different types connections.

Target: organize the activities of students to study complex sentences with different types of communication.

Tasks:

educational: to form the ability to determine the types of allied and non-union communication in a complex sentence with different types of communication; practice the skill of punctuation in sentences with different types of communication;

developing: develop analytical skills: compare, compare, draw a conclusion; explore complex sentences through their comparative analysis;

educational: fostering a sense of patriotism, respect for people living nearby; education of a conscious attitude to language as a cultural phenomenon; education of interest and love for the Russian language.

Lesson type: lesson learning new material

Lesson Form: lesson-presentation

During the classes

I.Org.moment.

II. Poll. What sentences are called complex? (Having 2 or more grammatical bases

List the types of compound sentences. (Complex, complex, non-union).

What does this division depend on? (From the means of communication between the parts).

What are the similarities and differences between complex sentences and compound and non-union sentences? (In it, the parts are unequal, one part is the main, the other is subordinate).

Name the types of complex sentences. (Determinative; explanatory; circumstantial, which are divided into subspecies).

Name the means of connection of parts of complex sentences. (subordinating union or allied word).

What is the difference between a union word and a homonymous union? (The allied word is a member of the sentence, it is replaced by an independent part of speech from the main part of the sentence, and the logical stress always falls on the allied word).

Explain the absence of a comma before the union and in compound sentences:

The night was bitterly coldand stars dotted the sky.

When the storm left, the sun shone over the mountainsand the garden was filled with the scent of flowers.

Unfortunately, the garden has already fadedand the birds have flown away.

III. Oral collective work. Describe the proposals.

Love for the native land, knowledge of its history is the basis on which only the growth of the spiritual culture of the whole society (SPP) can be carried out. This growth begins precisely from the roots, and a person must preserve the culture of the country (SSP). Local history is the most popular type of science: both great scientists and schoolchildren (BSP) can participate in the collection of materials. Each city is a synthesis of several cultures (PP).

IV. Project presentation

Tasks:

Find theoretical material on your topic.

Pick up examples.

Create a slide presentation.

Project protection:

"Complex sentences with different types of connection"

"Punctuation marks in a complex sentence"

"The role of a complex sentence with different types of connection"

V. Practical work. Group work. Determine the types of communication, draw up diagrams.

- Composing and subordinating:

1. A person must work, work hard, no matter who he is, and in this alone lies the meaning and purpose of his life, his happiness, his delights. (A. Chekhov)

- Composing and non-union:

2. We heard: a boat sailed along the river, and it became easy on the soul. (V. Arseniev)

- Submissive and non-union:

3. Place a hundred teachers over yourself - they will be powerless if you cannot force yourself. (To Sukhomlinsky)

writing , subordinating , unionless :

4. After lunch, when the sun was at its zenith, we decided to make a stop, but suddenly our plans changed: we had too little time in stock.

VI. Work on the text of the poem

Whoever plowed the land himself, at the table Will cut the bread without dropping a crumb, Pulling the knotted stitches on a fresh tablecloth In the days of suffering.

I, too, grew up in the field and got stronger, I walked not passers-by along my native land, And by the way people value bread, I choose my friends on the road.

What is the poem about?

How do you understand the last two lines of the poem?

Task: to parse the first sentence - the second group,

(Pov., nev., complex., allied, SPP with adj., comp. x parts, conjunct. allied. words who: main part - two-part., distribution, comp. , expression d / o; adjective part - two-state, dist.)

second sentence - the first group.

(Pov., nev., complex., with different types of communication: compose and subordinate, composed of 2 parts, conn. And: 1 part - simple, two-part., distribution, complicated. homogeneous member; Part 2 - SPP with adjective explanatory, composed of 2 parts, connecting allied words as: main part - one-part, def - personal, distribution, uncomplicated; adjective part - two-part, distribution ., uncomplicated.

VII. Workout at the board.

Choose the appropriate scheme for the written sentences. 1. 1. Delusion and stupidity are incomprehensible and tricky, because they are unnatural, and genius is simple and understandable, like the truth ...

2. A thought flashed through: maybe the radio is working and someone will hear it?

3. Tchaikovsky argued that inspiration is a state when a person works with all his might, like an ox, and does not at all coquettishly wave his hand.

4. There is an ancient saying: a doctor cannot be a good doctor if he only good doctor.

5. When I entered, everyone was silent: apparently, they were talking about me. (when…), : .

6. We part forever; however, you can be sure that I will never love another: my soul has exhausted all its treasures, its tears and hopes on you. ; however, (what…) : .

VIII. problem task - 1 group

Compare two schemes and determine how they are similar and how they differ.

Similarity: these are two joint ventures, and in the first example and in the second there is a sequential subordination. Difference: 1st example - NGN with several clauses. 2nd example - a joint venture with various types of communication, in addition to subordination, there is also an allied connection.

IX.Linguistic experiment- 2nd group

It is deeply symbolic that the words Motherland and nature one root; for many of us the capacious concept of the Motherland is inextricably linked with home, where are you was born and increased, with the river, on the banks of which yours passed childhood, With grove planted together with friends for outskirts.

, (what..) ; [ …(where…), ..(..which…), …].

A complex sentence with different types of connection: non-union and subordinating.

It consists of two parts connected by an unionless connection. The main connection is unionless. 1st part - a complex sentence with an explanatory clause;

2nd part - a complex sentence with two subordinate clauses: the first is a definitive , with what kind of house? Second - what river? also definitive.

X. Work in groups on cards

Practical work with commentary.

1 . [The sun went down] and [the night followed the day without a break], [as is usually the case in the south].

[ - = ], and [ - = ], (like - =).

This is a sentence with different types of communication: coordinating and subordinating; consists of two parts connected by the coordinative union "and":

Part 1 - in its structure - a simple sentence;

Part 2 - in its structure - NGN with a comparative clause with the union "as", standing after the main clause.

2 . [The sun has long since set], but [the forest has not yet died down]: [the turtledoves murmured near], [the cuckoo cuckooed in the distance].

[ = - ], but [ - = ]: [ - = ], [ - = ].

This sentence is complex with an allied and allied connection, consists of two parts connected by an allied connection;

Part 1 - SSP with the opposite union "but";

Part 2 is an allied joint venture, consisting of two simple sentences connected by an allied connection.

3 . (When he woke up), [the sun was already rising]; [the barrow obscured him].

(When - =), [ = - ]; [-=].

This complex sentence with an allied and allied connection consists of two parts connected by an allied connection:

Part 1 - NGN with a clause of time, with the union "when",

Part 2 is a simple sentence.

4 . [The fire burned brightly], and (the closer I drove up to it), [the more sharply the flame separated from the world hanging over it].

[ - = ], and (than - =), [those = - ].

This is a complex sentence with a coordinating and subordinating connection, next to it there is a coordinating union “and” and a subordinating double union “what, by that”, consists of two parts connected by a coordinating connection, the union “and”.

Part 1 is a simple sentence

Part 2 - NGN with a double union, therefore, after the union "and" a comma is not put, since the subordinate clause comes before the main one.

XI. Testing.

1. Parts of this complex sentence are connected by a coordinating and subordinating connection a) The snowball that fell at night transformed the slopes, and the whole neighborhood sparkled with dazzling whiteness. b) The elk ran out to the edge, which was overgrown with bushes, and, without stopping, went to the river. c) I went out into a clearing lit by the sun, and stopped, looking around. 2. Parts of this complex sentence are connected by a coordinating and non-union connection a) There, lit by a generous cloud of dawn, Thick clouds, escaping from the heights, Hang in lush, amber clubs. b) The fields were washed with dew, the streams were brighter than mica, And the burnt gardens were covered with greenery. c) The forest turns black, awakened by warmth, Embraced by spring dampness, And already on the strings of pearls From each wind they tremble. 3. Parts of this complex sentence are connected by a subordinating and non-union connection a) It is pleasant after a long walk to lie motionless on the hay: the body basks and languishes, and sweet laziness closes its eyes. b) Nature must be loved, and this love will find the right ways to express itself with the greatest force. c) In a bright autumn forest, you feel especially keenly: you are a particle of this land that belongs to you. 4. Parts of this complex sentence are connected by a coordinating, subordinating and non-union connection a) The fog began to dissipate, and I saw a hilly spruce forest on the shore and a lone large spruce, which, by its power, could be mistaken for a tower. b) There is a wonderful time in the year: the earth puts on the most expensive clothes, and these days it seems that the earth even begins to glow. c) White columns of still bare birches, the tops of which looked like smoke frozen in the air, were adjacent to the golden trunks of pines. 5 . In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which commas should be in the sentence? offered to take a walk in the garden. A) 1.3 B) 1.3.4 C) 1.2.3.4 D) 2.3.4

ХІІ. Generalization.

ХІІІ. Summing up the lesson.

XIV. Homework:

1.write out fiction proposals with different types of communication, draw up diagrams;

2.compose test tasks of 5 questions on the topic "Complex sentence".

1. [Only occasionally, (if a boat or something suspicious was seen nearby), a bright spotlight beam glided across the water], but [after a minute or two it instantly disappeared], and [then darkness set in again].

This is a complex sentence, with different types of communication: coordinating and subordinating; consists of three parts connected by coordinating unions "but", "and";

1 part in its structure - NGN with subordinate conditions (conjunction "if"), standing inside the main one; 2nd part and 3rd part are simple sentences.

[..,(if = - or - =), = - ], but [ - = ], and [ = - ].

2. [Slowly, in long zigzags, the caravan rose higher and higher along the white slope]; [it seemed] (that there would be no end to the rise).

This is a complex sentence with an allied and allied connection, consists of two parts connected by an allied connection;

1st part is a simple sentence;

2nd part of NGN with an additional clause.

[ = - ]; [ = ], (what =)

In complex sentences with coordinating and subordinating connection may be nearby coordinating and subordinating conjunctions. A comma is placed between them when, after the subordinate clause, there is no second part of the double union (how) or the union “but”.

Thick clouds were rushing across the gloomy sky, and although it was only the third hour of the day, it was dark.

[=-], and (although =-), but[=].

Thick clouds were moving across the gloomy sky, and although it was only the third hour of the day, it was dark.

And, (though...), .

. Practical work.

We execute ex. 538.

Exercise. Write down sentence II and draw up diagrams.

[In the morning, in the sun, the trees were covered with luxurious hoarfrost], and [this went on for about two hours], [then the hoarfrost disappeared], [the sun closed], and [the day passed quietly, thoughtfully, with a drop in the middle of the day and anomalous lunar twilight in the evening].

[ - = ], and [ = ], [ - = ], [ - = ], and [ - = ]

complicated by the same circumstances

This is a complex sentence with different types of connection, it consists of two parts, connected by a non-union connection;

Part 1 - in its structure consists of 2 simple sentences connected by a coordinating union "and", therefore, this is an SSP, and the first sentence is two-part, the second sentence is one-part.

Part 2 - in its structure it consists of three simple sentences connected by an allied and allied connection, all three sentences are two-part, the latter is complicated by a homogeneous circumstance of the mode of action.

Draw a diagram of this proposal, describe it)

teachers: Complex sentences make the speech more expressive, give the presentation a strict, businesslike character, make the enumeration more intense, and the speech - excited and solemn. Using a problem task.

In this article, we will look at what complex sentences with different types of connections are, examples of which will be given and analyzed. But to be clear, let's start from afar.

What is a complex sentence

In syntax, a sentence is words that have a common meaning and are associated with the help of grammar laws that have common theme, the purpose of the utterance and intonation. With the help of sentences, people communicate, share their thoughts, present any material. Thought can be expressed briefly, but it can be expanded. Accordingly, the proposals can be concise or widespread.

Each sentence has its "heart" - a grammatical basis, i.e. subject and predicate. This is the subject of speech and its main characteristic (what does it do, what is it, what is it?). If the grammatical basis in the sentence is one, it is a simple sentence, if there are two or more of them, then it is complex.

(JV) may include two parts, three, four and even more. Relations in meaning between them, as well as the means of their connection with each other, can be different. There are complex allied proposals and non-union ones. To learn about their diversity, read the next section.

What are joint ventures

We have already begun to talk about the fact that joint ventures can be allied or non-union. Everything is very simple. If the parts of the joint venture are connected by a union (or by intonation, then the connection between them is called allied, and if only by intonation, then, accordingly, unionless.

In turn, allied sentences are divided into coordinating and subordinating - depending on whether their parts are in an "equal" position or one depends on the other.

Spring will come soon. This is a simple suggestion. the world will play again bright colors. This sentence is complex, while its parts are connected by intonation and union " when". We can ask a question from the main predicative part to the subordinate clause ( the world will sparkle with bright colors when? - when spring comes), which means that Spring will come soon and nature will bloom. This sentence also has two parts, but they are united by intonation and a coordinating union and. You cannot form a question between parts, but you can easily divide this sentence into two simple ones. This sentence is a compound one. Spring will come soon, flowers will bloom, birds will fly, it will become warm. This joint venture consists of four simple parts, but all of them are united only by intonation, there are no unions on the borders of the parts. This means that it is unionless. In order to compose complex sentences with different types of connection, it would be necessary to combine both allied and unionless relations in one sentence.

How many simple sentences can be in a complex one?

For a sentence to be considered complex, it must include at least two simple, two predicative parts. Complex sentences with different types of connection (we will see examples below) contain at least three parts, and sometimes there are about ten. But in this case, the proposal can be difficult to perceive. Such sentences combine allied and non-union communication, coordinating and subordinating in any combination.

He was surprised; a strange feeling filled his head and chest; the water ran with frightening speed, indomitably breaking through between the stones, and fell from a height with such force that it seemed that the mountain, along the slopes of which were full of mountain flowers, could not withstand this pressure ...

Here's a great example. Here are parts of complex sentences with different ones. In this sentence there are 5 predicative parts, between which all of the possible types of connection are presented. What are their features? Let's remember in more detail.

allied coordinating link

Complex allied sentences are compound (CSP) or complex (CSP).

The coordinative connection (CC) connects "equal" simple sentences. This means that it is impossible to form a question from one predicative part of a complex sentence to another, there is no dependence between them. Parts of the SSP can easily be made independent sentences, and the meaning of the phrase will not suffer from this and will not change.

Coordinating conjunctions are used to connect parts of such sentences. and, but, or etc. The sea was restless, and the waves crashed against the rocks with furious force..

allied subordination

With a subordinating relationship (PS), as its name implies, one part of the sentence "subordinates" to itself the other, carries the main meaning, is the main one, while the second (subordinate) only complements, specifies in something, you can ask a question about it from the main part. For subordinating communication, such unions and allied words are used as what, who, when, which, because, if etc.

But it is sad to think that youth was given to us in vain, that they cheated on her all the time, that she deceived us ...(A. Pushkin). This sentence has one main part and three subordinate clauses, dependent on it and answering the same questions: " But it's sad to think (about what?), which is in vain ..."

If you try to divide the NGN into separate simple ones, then in most cases it will be seen that the main part retains its meaning and can exist without clauses, but the clauses become incomplete in semantic content and are not full-fledged sentences.

Unionless connection

Another type of joint venture is unionless. A complex sentence with different types of connection most often combines a connection without unions with one of the allied types or with both types at once.

Parts of the BSP are connected only intonationally. But this type of joint venture is considered the most difficult in terms of punctuation. If in union sentences only one sign is placed between their parts - a comma, then in this case you need to choose one of four punctuation marks: comma, semicolon, dash or colon. In this article, we will not go into the details of this difficult rule, since our task today is complex sentences with different types of connections, exercises in their grammatically correct compilation and punctuation.

The horses set off, the bell rang, the wagon flew(A.S. Pushkin). This sentence has three parts connected by intonation and separated by commas.

So, we briefly gave a description of each of the possible types of connection between the parts of the joint venture, and now we will return to the main topic of the article.

Algorithm for parsing a joint venture with different types of communication

How to correctly place signs in a joint venture with many parts and different types of connections? The most important thing is to determine how many parts it has and where exactly their boundaries pass. To do this, you need to find the grammatical foundations. How many of them - so many predicative parts. Next, we highlight all the minor members related to each of the bases, and thus it becomes clear where one part ends and another begins. After that, you need to determine what types of connections between the parts (look for the presence of unions or their absence, try to ask a question or try to make each of the parts a separate sentence).

And finally, it remains only to correctly punctuate, because without them it is very difficult to perceive complex sentences with different types of communication in writing (textbook exercises are precisely aimed at developing this skill).

How not to make a mistake in choosing punctuation marks?

Punctuation of a complex sentence with different types of connection

Once the predicative parts are isolated and the types of connection established, everything becomes very clear. We place punctuation marks in accordance with the rule relating to a particular type of communication.

Coordinating (SS) and subordinating connection (PS) require a comma before the union. Other punctuation marks in this case are very rare (with a coordinative connection, a semicolon is possible if one of the parts is complicated and contains commas; a dash is possible if the parts are sharply contrasted or one of them contains an unexpected result).

With an allied connection, as mentioned above, there may be one of four punctuation marks, depending on what semantic relationships are between the parts of the sentence.

Drawing up schemes of complex sentences with different types of communication

This step can be done before punctuation, or after, to check their correctness. Schemes are used in punctuation to graphically explain the choice of a particular punctuation mark.

The scheme helps to write complex sentences with different types of communication without punctuation errors. Examples of punctuation and charting will be given right now.

[The day was beautiful, sunny, surprisingly calm]; [a cozy shadow approached from the left], and [it became difficult to understand], (where it ends, the shadow) and (where the emerald foliage of trees begins).

In this sentence, between the first and second parts, an allied connection is easily traced, between the second and third - a coordinating one, and the third part is the main one in relation to the next two subordinate parts and is connected to them by a subordinating connection. The scheme of this joint venture is as follows: [__ =,=,=]; [= __], and [=], (where = __) and (where = __). Schemes of complex sentences with different types of communication can be horizontal and vertical. We have given an example of a horizontal scheme.

Summing up

So, we found out what complex sentences with different types of connection are (their examples are very common in works of fiction and business communication). These are sentences containing more than two simple ones in their composition, and their parts are connected by different types of syntactic connection. SP with different types of communication may include NGN, SSP and BSP in various combinations. In order not to make mistakes in punctuation marks, it is necessary to designate simple sentences inside a complex one and determine the types of syntactic connection.

Be smart!

Punctuation marks in a complex sentence

A complex sentence is a sentence that has two or more grammatical bases. Types of complex sentences can be represented in the following scheme:

Complex sentences:

1.Allied
2.Unionless. I am sitting in my garden, the lamp is on.
3.With different types of communication.Thunder struck, lightning flashed, and soon there was a sound of rain.

Compound. The desert listens to God, and the star speaks to the star.

Complex. I know that I don't know anything.

Let's sort it out in order.

So compound The suggestions are quite simple:

A comma is placed between simple sentences that are part of a complex sentence: Morning came and everyone went home.

A comma is not put if the sentences connected by unions have a common secondary member, introductory word, comparative turnover or general subordinate clause: The Volga is visible from the window and the stars gleam high(the common term is “out of the window”).

Complex sentences

We put a comma:

• between simple sentences that are part of a complex one: We set off as the sun rose. Let me know where you are staying. To keep the child from getting wet, he was wrapped in a raincoat.
• when using compound unions because, because, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, instead of, while, after, since, in order to, in order to . Depending on the meaning, a comma is placed either before unions or inside them: He didn't come to school because he was sick. We only left because it got dark.
• between homogeneous subordinate clauses punctuation marks are placed in the same way as between homogeneous members of a sentence: It was obvious that he was right and that I was all to blame.

Do not put a comma:

• between adjacent unions what if what though if there is a second part of the union then or So : He said that if the weather does not improve, then fishing should be forgotten.
• if there is a negation before the union (union word) not : He began to find out not what happened, but who did it.
• if the subordinate part is one allied word: He promised to return, but did not say when.
• before a subordinating conjunction if it is preceded by words in particular, that is, namely, especially : He got better, especially when he found out about what had happened.
• before steady turns as you like, wherever you go, by all means, as much as you like, no one knows where, as if nothing had happened, etc.

AT non-union complex sentences there is always some kind of punctuation mark. It is important to understand which one. Understanding!

We put a comma

• between simple sentences that are part of a complex one, if they are short and interconnected: Clouds rolled in, lightning flashed, rain fell.

We put a colon:

• the second sentence indicates the reason for what is said in the first (in terms of meaning, a union can be inserted between them because ): Love a book: (=because) it will help you sort out the confusion of life.
• the second sentence reveals the content of the first (in terms of meaning, words can be inserted between them, namely ): The picture changed: (=namely) the snow melted, the damp earth smoked, the grass broke through.
• the second sentence complements the first (in terms of meaning, a subordinating conjunction can be inserted between them what : "feel that..."): Suddenly I feel: (=that) someone is pulling me aside.
• The second sentence expresses a direct question: Tell me, branch of Palestine: where did you grow, where did you bloom?

We put a dash:

• with rapid change of events, unexpected result: Woke up - he was gone. The cheese fell out - there was such a cheat with it.
• when contrasted (in terms of meaning, a subordinating union can be inserted between the parts ah, but ): Sasha is stupid - (= a) Petya is smart.
• if the first sentence expresses the time or condition of the action (according to the meaning, unions can be put before the first sentence when, if ): (When) The forest is cut down - chips fly.
• when comparing (in terms of meaning, unions can be inserted between the parts as if, as if): He says the word - (= as if) the nightingale sings.
• if the second sentence is a result or conclusion (by meaning, a word can be inserted between the parts that's why ): The smoky sun rises - (= therefore) the day will be hot.

Complex sentence with different types of connection is a combination of complex sentences already known to us. Therefore, it is important to determine which link coordinates the parts of the sentence. We put punctuation marks based on this. Most questions arise when the coordinating and subordinating conjunctions are nearby. When should they be separated by a comma? Everything is simple here:

Compare:
You can call me, but if you don't call today, we'll leave tomorrow.
You can call me, but if you don't call today, we'll leave tomorrow.

Summing up

First we need to determine if the sentence is simple or complex. To do this, we consider the number of grammatical bases.
If the sentence is simple, we pay attention to the subject and predicate - do they belong to those between which a dash should be placed?
Is this simple sentence complicated? Does it have homogeneous members of the sentence, introductory words or constructions, appeals, union "how"?
If this sentence is complex, we need to determine the type of coordinative connection.
Coordinating conjunctions: and, ah, but, yes . It’s simple here - if they are, then the sentence is complex. If the parts of a compound sentence do not have a common member, feel free to put a comma.
If we don’t see coordinating conjunctions, but we see some others, most likely the sentence is complex. We check if we have separated any allied words with an extra comma.
If we don’t see any allied words, and the sentence is complex, then it is non-union. Our task is to determine what kind of sign separates the parts of the non-union complex sentence: a comma, a dash or a colon.
If in a sentence we see both unions (or allied words), both coordinating and subordinating, and an allied connection, we focus on each type of connection separately. Special attention pay attention to the presence in the second part of the unions then yes, but .

The syntactic analysis of the sentence should begin with a thorough study of the theoretical material on this topic. This is the main component of a positive result. The most voluminous in terms of practical skills will be the analysis of a complex sentence, for example, with different types of communication.

First of all, it is necessary to characterize the entire syntactic model as a whole, and then each part individually. For clarity, we will analyze a compound sentence with various types of communication.

Anguish suddenly overwhelmed me, as if it wanted to finish me off completely, and in order not to succumb to despondency, I plunged into work, which, it seemed to me, was supposed to distract me.

1. We build a scheme and bring that we are dealing with complex sentence with different types of connection:

[Melancholy suddenly piled up] 1, [as if she wanted to finish me off completely] 2, and, (in order not to succumb to despondency) 3, [I plunged into work] 4, (which, as it seemed to me, should have distracted me) 5.

We argue: 5 grammatical foundations, i.e. 5 simple ones make one complex one. We conditionally divide them into 2 segments: 1 and 2 simple sentences (BSP) + 3, 4 and 5 (SPP with two subordinate clauses), the connection between which is carried out by the conjunction and. Thus, we observe a non-union subordinating and coordinating (main) connection between the parts of a complex sentence.

│ 1, 2 │, and, │(to…) 3, [n.] 4, (which) 5.

1. Let's give a description of the whole proposal. We are dealing with narrative, complex, with different types of connections. In terms of emotional coloring - non-exclamatory.

The first block, consisting of two simple sentences (BSP), is not complex in characterization, so we will pay more attention to the second block - SPP with two subordinate clauses.

In this SPP, we see a clear example of parallel subordination, because both subordinate clauses refer to more than one word of the main part and answer different questions. in order not to succumb to despondency, the subordinate goal (dipped into the work for what purpose?), It refers to the whole sentence and is introduced by the subordinating union “to”; ... which, it seemed to me, should have distracted me - the attributive clause (what kind of work?), Corresponds with the noun “work” in the main part of the sentence and joins with the help of the allied word “which”.

1. And now we give a description of each simple, which is part of our complex.

Tosca suddenly hit...

... as if she wanted to finish me off completely ... Narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complete, uncomplicated.

... to not give in to discouragement ... Narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, one-part (impersonal), non-spread, incomplete, uncomplicated.

… I plunged into work… Narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complete, uncomplicated.

... which, as it seemed to me, should have distracted me ... Narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complete, complicated by an introductory phrase.

Thus, the analysis of the complex sentence is completed in full. According to this principle, analysis of the compound should also be performed. Once again, we draw your attention to the fact that you need to know the theoretical part thoroughly, since the analysis of the complex is closely intertwined with the characteristics of the simple.

We are convinced that the above analysis of the sentence will help in working on similar syntactic constructions.

Good luck in mastering the basics of Russian syntax.