You may have already verified that even the easiest punctuation marks (at the end of a sentence) are not as easy to put as it seems at once, because it is necessary think about the meaning of the sentence and the text. And it's even more difficult work on punctuation in the middle of a sentence. Here you need to think about what blocks the sentence consists of, where the boundaries of the blocks are, then, in accordance with the rules, place punctuation marks. Don't be scared! Let's deal with even the most difficult cases, we will help them understand and turn them into simple ones!

Let's start with perhaps main blocks - simple sentences, which may be part of a complex What is a simple sentence? His heart is grammatical basis, usually consisting of subject And predicate. Around the grammatical base are minor members of the sentence, isolated and non-isolated; included in the predicate group and in the subject group.

The grammatical basis is therefore the basis because the whole offer rests on it. If you learn how to quickly find it, it will be easy to place those necessary punctuation marks that will mark the boundary of simple sentences as part of a complex one. How should one argue?

Determine how many stems are in the sentence:

Is it difficult to find the grammatical basis of a sentence? Sometimes it's very simple: subject (who? or what?), predicate (what is he doing? what did he do?). But often there are more complicated cases.

Output: one base is a simple sentence; two or more bases - complex.

Try to determine the grammatical basis of the following sentences (see answers below).

1. Everything is clear to us, the masters.
2. From the window of the room, suddenly I heard “ku-ku”!
3. Your host is both sweet and hospitable.
4. Everyone strives to get in with his proposal.
5. The village where we played in the summer was a lovely corner.
6. Evening. Forest. Far way.
7. Our city is decorated with a wonderful park.
8. He who strives for victory will surely win.

If you coped with this work without errors, you can be congratulated! If mistakes come across, do not be upset: they exist in order to cope with it and defeat them!

What mistakes could lie in wait for you here? Someone could lose the subject, somewhere there was no predicate, in some sentence an addition was squeezed in instead of the subject, in some cases, parts of the sentence that have nothing to do with each other are underlined.

Is it really that scary? Of course not! But, if you find the grammatical basis incorrectly, you cannot see the blocks correctly, so it turns out that a simple sentence is mistakenly taken as a complex one, in complex ones the number of parts is incorrectly determined, which means that punctuation marks are arranged as they please.

How to find this insidious grammatical basis? You can first find the predicate, then the subject, or vice versa, just remember a few tips:

1) In order to find the subject, be sure to ask from the predicate double question: who? what? Then you Don't confuse subject and object.

Try to do this by defining the subject in the following sentences.

The captain saw the shore first.

The front of the dress was decorated with flowers.

If you asked a double question from the predicate, then you found the subjects captain And flowers.

2) In order to find the predicate, try asking questions: “What is happening? What is said about the subject? What is this subject (subject)? What is he doing? (subject)"

Pupilwas beautiful.

On the street freshly And windy.

To kids couldn't sit in place.

wonderful a game– catch-up!

3) From a change in the places of the terms, the sum is changing. This means, be attentive to some sentences when determining the grammatical basis.

Green City(one-part nominative sentence).

city ​​green(two-part sentence).

You have already seen what happens when a sentence has only a subject or only a predicate (much more often). Such proposals are called one-piece. When working with such offers, be careful! It is in them often the object is disguised as a subject in meaning. Then back to our first clue, ask a double question– and everything will become clear.

Try to find the grammatical basis in these sentences.

to me cold but.

To him not sleeping.

to me I want to smileutsya.

Many people will say that these sentences have a subject and a predicate, that is, they are two-part. Then I can ask what is the subject? The answer might be - me, he. Then one more question: where are the words I and HE in these sentences? They are not, there are other forms: me, him. And this is already not a subject, but an addition. If you ask a question: who? what?- everything will fall into place. The correct answer is this: one-part impersonal sentences. They do not and cannot have a subject, the predicate is in italics.

We hope that you will now have fewer problems when determining the grammatical basis of a sentence!

Answers to the task.

1. Allit's clear.
2. I heard"coo-coo"!
3. Mastermil, hospitable.
4. Every tries to fit in.
5. Villagewas lovely corner; wewere playing.
6. Evening. Forest. Further way.
7. decoratesa park. 8. Aspiringwill win.

Do you have any questions? Don't know how to find the grammatical basis?

Let us consider in more detail such part of the grammatical basis as predicate. It may seem easiest to define simple verbal predicate. No wonder it's called - simple. This means that it is usually easier to find it than all other types of predicate. Most often, as such a predicate, we will find verb in the indicative mood.

The sun got up. Childrenwake up And go to school.Begins new beautiful day.

In these sentences it is really easy to define simple verbal predicates. However, there are points that you need to pay attention to when defining such a predicate. It can be clever disguise itself as a compound verb. Try to remember a few basic rules.

1. The predicate is a verb in any tense (present, past and future):

The day after tomorrow I will definitelyI will read novel by L.N. Tolstoy "Anna Karenina".

My childwill study easily.

You will certainlyyou will admire achievements of the students of this school.

Do not be embarrassed that in front of you in sentences such predicates as b I will read, I will learn, I will admire. Yes, here is the predicate consists of two verbs BUT it's just form of the future tense. Compare with the present and past tenses: read, read; studying, studying; admire, admire.

Today I I read

My childstudies easily.

You admire achievements of the students of this school.

Yesterday I read novel by L. N. Tolstoy "Anna Karenina".

My child studied easily.

You admired achievements of the students of this school.

2. The predicate is a verb in any mood (indicative, imperative and conditional).

Don't be confused by the particles that help form shapes conditional and imperative(would, let, let, come on, let's, yeah). They do not turn a simple verbal predicate into a compound predicate, but they make it difficult for us to determine the type of the predicate.

You told her the whole truth(indicative).

You would tell her the whole truth(conditional mood).

You tell her the whole truth(imperative mood). Let she will rejoice.

3. The infinitive (the initial form of the verb) can also act as a simple verbal predicate.

I ride from the ice slide - and he is behind me.

We work while they rest.

4. Phraseologism is not divided into parts, but is one member of the sentence.

Nikita how the wind blew from the veranda.

Humanity is gradually going crazy.

Now let's take a look at compound verb predicate. It can be distinguished:

* main component- verb in the initial form,

* auxiliary component- more often verb, But maybe short adjective or participle, adverb or adverbial phrase, noun, phraseological unit.

Compound predicates show a particular tendency to disguise themselves as other members of the sentence during parsing, to be found incompletely, or to be lost altogether. But we will deal with that! Look at some hints.

1. The auxiliary verb in the compound verb predicate has a specific meaning: beginning, continuation, end of action; possibility, desire, evaluation of action. These could be words started, stopped, could, wanted, knew how, loved, was afraid, was wary, feared etc.

I want Okay pass exams.

Henot afraid to experiment.

We beware of buying low quality products.

2. In this case, the main component will be expressed by the initial form of the verb ( infinitive) rather than another part of speech.

Compare.

Shebecame an actress (compound nominal predicate).

She began to dance (compound verb predicate).

3. A short adjective or participle, adverb or adverbial phrase, noun, phraseological unit, stable combination can act as an auxiliary component. Auxiliary Component Value − possibility, desire, evaluation of action.

We always happy to help to our students(short adjective as a link).

I forced to reschedule classes the next day(short participle as a link).

Helover to play teacher(noun as a link).

Hunter eager to track down handsome deer by all means(phraseologism as a link).

4. Both actions must be performed one object (subject). Think about who performs the actions, then you will not confuse the simple and compound verbal predicates.

I asked grandmother to read a book to me.(The predicate is a simple verb, because I asked, and my grandmother will read).

We hope these tips will help you with parsing a sentence and determining the types of the predicate.

Good luck in learning Russian!

Do you have any questions? Not guided by the types of predicate?To get help from a tutor, register.

Subject And predicate are in the closest almost "family" relationship - grammatical And semantic. The predicate is called so because it says, "says" about the subject. These members of the sentence carry the main meaning of any sentence.

Are there problems in the "relationship" of the subject and the predicate? Of course they do. First of all, it concerns compound nominal predicate. This predicate type, as you remember, consists of linking verbs(auxiliary component) and nominal part. Most often, in the role of a linking verb, we meet the verb to be. Usually in a compound nominal predicate it is present in the past time: was, was, was, were . For example: Distinctive feature professors was his love for his subject.

In present time the linking verb is almost always omitted and the subject remains with the nominal part of the predicate. For example: Time is the best medicine.

Sometimes, however, we can meet the verb to be in present time. As a rule, this is a feature of scientific, bookish speech. For example: Predicateis one of the main members two-part sentence.

In ordinary, colloquial speech, a linking verb to be goes down. It probably wouldn't occur to anyone to say something like, "I'm a high school student." But the linking verb does not like to disappear without a trace, it often leaves its deputy. In the role of such a substitute, we can see dash. A dash is placed between the subject and the predicate if there is no linking verb, but sometimes before the predicate there are other words that can be “friends” or “not friends” with a dash. Remember a few tips.

Small winter rain – here being disaster our time.

Be in love -means to understand And forgive.

The concepts of subject and predicate are among the most basic in the Russian language. It is with them that the acquaintance of children with syntax begins. It is very important that the student understands this section and fixes it in memory, since all subsequent rules of punctuation, complex sentences and many other sections will be inextricably linked with the subject and predicate. These two concepts make up the grammatical basis, so it will also be discussed in this article. Refresh your memory and help your child learn new knowledge.

What is the subject

To begin with, consider the rule of the Russian language:

• The subject is one of the main members of the sentence. It can denote both an object and an action or a sign of a predicate. Answers the question "Who?" and "What?".

As a rule, this member of the sentence is expressed by a noun or a pronoun. It is emphasized with one line.

• For example, in the sentence “Grandma went to the market”, the subject will be the noun “Grandma”, since in this sentence the grandmother is the main character.
• If we take the sentence “He likes ice cream”, then the pronoun “He” will be the subject in it.

However, there are other interesting cases, in which absolutely any part of speech acts as a subject, if it can be defined as a noun. For example:

• Five go to the right. In this sentence, the subject will be the word "Five", although in its usual form it is a numeral. Here it replaces the noun, acting as the main member of the sentence.
• Miser pays twice. In this case, the subject will also be the word "Miserly", which is a noun, and outside the sentence - an adjective.

The verb also often acts as the subject if it is in the indefinite form:

• Going to the store is his main goal. This difficult sentence, in one of the parts of which the subject is the infinitive.

And finally, even a whole phrase can become the subject. It can be indivisible names, full name of a person.

• Anna Sergeevna hurried home. In this sentence, the subject is Anna Sergeevna.

After a while, the child will be able to determine the subject intuitively, without reciting the rules by heart.

What is a predicate

The predicate must be underlined with two parallel horizontal lines, answers the question “What is it?” and “What does it do?”, and also denotes an action or some sign of the subject.

The predicate has several types:

• verb.
• Composite noun.
• Compound verb.

Each type of predicate is best analyzed separately. The simplest of them is the verb.

• The verb predicate is usually expressed by the verb in certain moods: indicative, imperative, and also conditional. To determine the predicate correctly, you need to refresh your memory and remember what moods are.
• Perhaps a predicate in the form of a stable phrase.
• Phraseologisms also belong to the verbal predicate.

The compound verb predicate is easy to notice:

• In this case, two verbs answer the main question of the predicate. For example: "He still continued to eat." The predicate will be "continued to eat."
• Or "The cat needs a lot of sleep." Now the predicate - "need to sleep."

A compound nominal predicate is so called because it contains a linking verb and a nominal part: a noun or pronoun, adverbs, participles.

• She was a beauty. In this sentence, the predicate is “she was a beauty”, since the word “was” often acts as a linking verb, and “beauty” is a nominal part.

It may not be possible to remember everything the first time, but after solving the tasks you will succeed.

What is a grammatical basis

The grammatical basic is the main members of the sentence, namely: the subject and the predicate. They are connected in meaning and are distinguished by horizontal lines.

The stem itself, as a rule, is highlighted in square brackets in the sentence.

REMEMBER!1)
proposal could be
one-part (usually predicate,
therefore, the subject will not be in it)
2) the main terms can be homogeneous,
that is, several subjects or
several predicates

When identifying the subject, look for the word that denotes the producer of the action. And this word is only in the nominative case.

I do not like it.
In this sentence, the subject
No!

Subject

Noun
or pronoun in
nominative case
adjective, participle,
infinitive acting as
noun.
Syntactically indivisible
phrase.

Young woman
I immediately realized that he
wants to eat all the time.
She keeps her eyes on the road that goes
through the grove.
Those present did not pay attention to him
no attention.
Solving this issue is our main
a task.
One day ten of our
officers dined at Silvio's.

Predicate
Simple
composite
verbal
verb nominal

Simple verbal predicate (PGS)

ASG is a predicate, expressed
verb of any mood, tense and
faces
The village drowned in potholes (Ch. ex. incl.,
last time)
Give me a paw, Jim, for good luck... (ch.
command. nakl)
But, doomed to persecution, I will still be
to sing

10.

But, doomed to persecution, for a long time I
I will sing
I will sing - a complex form of the future
time.

11.

I will, will be, will be, etc.
Infinitive
PGS

12. Compound verbal predicate (CGS)

Auxiliary part
Infinitive
GHS

13. a) phase verbs, i.e. denoting the beginning, continuation or end of an action (begin, begin, become, continue, end, stop, etc.).

a) phase verbs, i.e. denoting
start, continue or end of an action
(begin, begin, become, continue,
end, end, etc.).
For example: He started to cough. She
keeps laughing. We're done
do the exercise.

14.

b) modal verbs denoting intention,
will, ability, desire (to want,
to be able, to be able, to intend, to be able, to prepare,
dream, hope, think, etc.)
For example: I want to travel a lot. You could
to speak not so loudly? We try
study well.

15.

c) verbs expressing emotional
state (fear, fear,
to be ashamed, to be ashamed, to be ashamed,
beware, dare, love,
hate, etc.)
For example: He was afraid to be late for the exam.
We don't like to travel a lot.

16.

Short name adjective + infinitive = cgs
For example: I am glad to attend the conference. We
ready to serve in the dining room. She is agree
marry him. You must immediately
leave.
NECESSARY, NECESSARY, NECESSARY + infinitive.
For example: You should wash your hands before eating. to me
need to leave immediately. You need to submit
work by the deadline.

17. Compound predicate (CIS)

Bundle
Nominal part
SIS
Her husband was young, handsome, kind, honest and
adored his wife.

18.

a) the verb to be in various forms of tense and
inclinations
For example: A poet has a kunak for a poet. Name
a noun is a part of speech
which…
In the present tense, the linking verb is BE
appears in zero form.
For example: He is the director. He is a student.

19.

Verb
with weakened lexical
meaning - TO BE, TO APPEAR,
BECOME, STAY,
TO BE, TO BE CALLED, TO BE,
COUNT, BECOME, etc.
For example: Her sister's name was Tatyana.
Onegin lived as an anchorite. The plot of the novel
turned out to be original. She is
owner of this car.

20.

linking verb
with the meaning of movement,
position in space - GO,
RUN, WALK, SIT,

In a sentence, as a unit of connected speech, all words differ in function and are divided into primary and secondary. The main members express the key table of contents of the statement and are its grammatical basis. Without them, the proposal has no meaning and cannot exist.

Instruction

1. To highlight grammar basis any suggestions, you need to find and emphasize its main members. These include the subject and the predicate.

2. The subject is what is being said in the sentence. It invariably stands in its original form (nominative or infinitive) and, as usual, answers the questions: “who?”, “What?”. The subject is expressed by approximately all parts of speech, if they act in the meaning of a noun in the nominative case. The noun itself: "what?" The truth does not always lie on the surface. Pronoun: "who?" I am not a follower of drastic measures. Adjective or participle: "who?" the well-fed does not understand the hungry; "who?" vacationers were waiting for the bus. Numerals: "who?" three were responsible for cleaning up the area. Infinitive (indefinite form of the verb): singing is her passion. Any word that has the meaning of a noun in the nominative case: "what?" oohs and aahs came from the street. Phraseologism: "who?" from small to large went out into the field. Compound title: "what?" Milky Way stretched out in a wide strip. Syntactically complete phrase: "who?" Grandma and I went home.

3. The predicate indicates what exactly is being reported about the subject, and answers the questions: “what is he doing?”, “what is he like?”, “what is happening to him?” etc. Depending on the method of expression, the predicate may be a simple verb; compound nominal; compound verb and difficult.

4. The primitive verbal predicate is expressed by the verb in the form of one of the moods: the letter “what did you do?” came in a timely manner. The combined nominal predicate consists of 2 parts (a copula and a nominal part): he “what did he do?” was a builder ("was a builder" - a predicate). The combined verb is made up of a copula and an infinitive: children “what did they do?” stopped quarreling. A difficult predicate is a combination of elements of a compound nominal and a compound verb predicate: my brother invariably “what did he do?” wanted to be a lawyer. the last part suggestions(“I wanted to work as a lawyer”) is a difficult predicate, since only all the words as a whole provide the necessary information about the subject.

5. To determine the grammatical basis, read the whole sentence and determine whether it is primitive or difficult, consisting of 2 or more primitive ones. If the proposal belongs to the first type, then it will have one grammatical basis, and if the second - then a few. It depends on the number of primitives suggestions included in the difficult. Let's say: we were late because it was pouring downpour. “We were late” and “it poured downpour” - the grammatical foundations of the complex suggestions .

6. Find the subject in the sentence. To do this, ask the questions “who?”, “What?” and identify the word or phrase that answers them. After that, from the discovered subject, ask the questions “what is he doing?”, “What is he like?” and discover the predicate.

7. If there is only one of the main members, then this is a one-part sentence. Please note that for its understanding and interpretation it is not necessary to refer to the context. In Russian, there are five varieties of single-component sentences: denominative (with subject) “Hot July Day”; definitely-proper, indefinitely-proper, generalized-proper and impersonal (with a predicate). "Get busy." "You are being asked." "A reasonable person you recognize immediately." "Darker".

8. In syntactic parsing, the subject is underlined with one line, and the predicate with two.

In the Russian language lessons, students are required to master not only the skills of literate writing, but also the knowledge to see the construction of a sentence, to highlight its members. To do this, you need to learn to distinguish the main and secondary members. How to find the subject in a sentence? What are its main signs?

Instruction

1. Before everyone, you must know that all members of the sentence are divided into two groups: main and secondary. The main members are the subject and the predicate. They form the grammatical basis of the sentence. In order to find the subject, try to put a question to the word. It answers the question of the nominative case ("who?" Or "what?"). For example, in the sentence "Spring will come soon" to the question "what?" answers the word "spring". That is what the sentence is talking about. Remember that the subject is the main member of the sentence, the one that denotes who or what the sentence says. These words are traditionally expressed in the nominative case.

2. The subject can be nouns (more often than not), pronouns, participles, numerals, and even an indefinite form of the verb. So, in the sentence "To live - to serve the motherland" the word "to live" will be the subject. It is an indefinite form of the verb. Please note that in this sentence there is a dash between the main members. This happens, among other things, when the subject and predicate are expressed in an indefinite form of the verb. In the sentence “We had a great rest,” the main member of the sentence, answering the question “who?” is the pronoun "we".

3. In a sentence in which there is a verb, it is easier to detect. It is a word denoting the one who does the action. Consider the sentence: “The children happily rushed to the river.” You see that it has the verb “rushed.” Identify who is doing this action. This word will be the subject. Consequently, the word "children" answers the question of the nominative case, indicates the one who does the action and is the main member in this sentence, namely, the subject.

4. The subject can also be an indivisible combination of words. For example, in the sentence “A man with a child floated down the river”, the subject is the phrase “a man with a child.” Pay attention to the verb “floated”. It is used in the plural form. Consequently, the subject will be more than one word, oh, a phrase. This allows us to say that the action does not one, but two faces.

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From school curriculum It is known that one-component sentences are called impersonal, which indicate an action or a state that arises and exists independently from the carrier of the state or the manufacturer of the action.

Impersonal suggestions hefty colorful, short. They are important in dialogues. works of art. Often used in colloquial speech. In the text, this kind of suggestions we express the states of nature, environment well-being of a person, his mental and physical state. impersonal suggestions It is easier for us to formulate the impracticability, the inevitability of action, the denial. Also, according to Dietmar Rosenthal, these syntactic constructions have a shade of inertia, passivity. According to another well-known linguist, Alexander Peshkovsky, with the support of impersonal sentences, it is possible to express: - ease of action. Such a construction helps the author to show that the action takes place on its own, without the efforts of a person (“It was sown freely ...”); - a state that a person himself cannot cope with ("She could not sit still"); - the suddenness of an act. When people themselves do not expect such actions from themselves (“Here I’m going to them ...,” Brykin said by itself”); - the time when the action is performed on its own, against the freedom of man. Some occasions, sometimes unclear (retreat and an impersonal form of expression), stop him, force him to act differently (“What, couldn’t you say?” Tanya asked. “Yes, somehow it didn’t affect,” he answered her "); - the work of memory, its clarification and other features of the body ("Suddenly, my head started working very clearly. I remembered: I was driving across a faded field. "); - cardiac processes associated with the activity of the imagination ("Now I'm dreaming: I would get sick for weeks on two, three"); - a person's hope for something that has no basis. A person believes because wants it to come true (“It was believed for some reason that spring would be early”); - the work of thought, which is performed independently on whether a person wants to think about it or not (“And I also thought that now everything will go differently”) Thus, the universal meaning of impersonal sentences is the statement of an independent action (sign) that is not correlated with the agent.

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When parsing a sentence, you must first find it basis. Thus, the construction of the phrase becomes clear, as well as often where and how to place punctuation marks. Consequently, any person who wants to write correctly, it is desirable to be able to determine this basis .

Instruction

1. Define what a grammatical basis is. More often than not, it is represented by the subject, expressing the object or subject of the action, and the predicate, which describes the action. Such proposals are called 2-combined. A single-component base becomes if one of the 2 elements is missing in it.

2. Find the subject in the sentence. It should mean something about someone or something in question. It should also answer the question "who?" or "what?". The subject can be expressed by different parts of speech. More often than not, this is a noun in the nominative case. The subject may also be a pronoun, and not only personal, but also indefinite, interrogative or negative. It must also be in the nominative case. If the supposed subject is part of an inseparable phrase, say, "Ural Mountains", then each phrase becomes part of the stem of the sentence.

3. Highlight the predicate in the analyzed phrase. It must denote an action done by or on the subject. More often than not, this member of the sentence is expressed by a predicate, and verbal adjectives also occur in this role. The predicate must agree with the subject in person, number and gender.

4. When performing a written task, underline the subject with one, and the predicate with two lines.

5. When finding several subjects and predicates, analyze the construction of the sentence. If you see two or more semantic combinations of sentence members in front of you, then we are talking about a difficult sentence with a coordinating or subordinating connection. In the case when several predicates refer to one subject and vice versa, then you have a primitive sentence with an extended stem. However, such repeating elements must still be connected with the union "and" or separated by commas.

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The grammatical basis of a sentence is its most important structural part, which largely determines the meaning of each phrase. The grammatical basis in linguistics is often called the predicative core. The term "predicative basis" is also often used. This grammatical phenomenon exists in many languages.

Instruction

1. Determine if the phrase you need to parse is actually a sentence. Some phrases in Russian are both sentences and statements at the same time, but there are also those that can only be attributed to the 2nd category. In the first case, it is allowed to single out the members of the sentence in the phrase or to determine their syntactic positions. As usual, statements consisting of several words are sentences.

2. Find the subject. This member of the sentence denotes the subject, the action of which is described in the phrase itself. The subject is grammatically independent, it answers the questions of the nominative case. However, the subject can also be expressed by another part of speech, which in this case will function as a noun. Consequently, determine the active object, even if it is expressed not by a completely familiar part of speech or by a noun not in the nominative case. For example, in the sentence “VKontakte invites you to register”, the subject will be “VKontakte”. At the same time, in the sentence “The VKontakte public network invites you to register”, the subject will be the word “network”.

3. Define the predicate. It denotes the action of the subject and answers the questions of verbs. Remember that the predicate cannot always be expressed by the verb. The verb predicate can be simple or compound. In the second case, the grammatical basis includes both verbs, that is, standing in the individual form and in the infinitive. The combination of subject and predicate is the predicative core.

4. One of the main members of the proposal may be missing. In this case, the statement remains a sentence if it is allowed to determine the position of the missing member of the sentence. Occasionally, this can only be learned from the context. Let's say that the participants in the dialogue can discuss someone's actions and answer each other's questions in one word. It is clear to the interlocutors who or what is being discussed, they can only name the actions of the subject. In this case, there is a grammatical basis, but it consists of one member of the sentence. For example, if the interlocutors talked about social networks before, then one of them may ask which one is preferable. The result of "VKontakte" is a sentence, from the fact that there is a subject and a predicate is implied.

Note!
In some cases, syncretic members of a sentence are part of the grammatical core. They are grammatically connected with both the subject and the predicate and can simultaneously be the subject and, say, the circumstance.

Useful advice
Be extremely careful in cases where phraseological cycles occur in a sentence. The subject can be expressed in such a cycle, and then in the grammatical basis there will be not two words, but several, and it is unthinkable to divide them.

A large amount of time is given to the grammatical analysis of sentences in the Russian language lessons, it is certainly included in the final control program. Schoolchildren need to be able to correctly determine the grammatical basis of the sentence; tea, in case of an error, the entire task will be considered unfulfilled.

You will need

• -sentence;
• -ruler;
• -pencil.

Instruction

1. Study the offer carefully. Remember that the definition of the grammatical basis is the first stage from which its review begins. Every proposal has a basis! In most cases, it consists of a subject and a predicate, but can be represented by only one of them. Such proposals are referred to as two-part and one-part sentences, respectively. In difficult sentences, there are often two grammatical bases or more.

2. Find the subject in the sentence you are comprehending and underline it. In order not to confuse the subject and the object, it should be remembered that the subject answers the questions “who? what?". It can be expressed both by a noun or a pronoun in the nominative case, and by other parts of speech: adjective, numeral, verb. If the pronoun in the sentence is in a different case, then with a high probability it will be an object. The subject can consist of one or more words and is underlined when parsing with one horizontal line. He is hot. (There is no subject in this sentence, the predicate is hot). The walls were decorated beautiful pictures. (Pictures - subject, decorated - predicate). The strongest of the children quickly ran to the finish line. (The strongest of the children is the subject, ran - the predicate).

3. Find the predicate and underline it. To do this, you need to ask questions from the subject “what is he doing? what is he? More often than not, the predicate is expressed by a verb, but, as in the case of the subject, other parts of speech can be used: noun, adjective, adverb. The verb predicate can be represented by one or more words. When parsed, it is underlined by two parallel horizontal lines. The students did not find the notebooks. (Students - the subject, did not find the predicate). The mental game is chess. (Chess is the subject, the game is the predicate). It got dark. (The sentence consists of one predicate). I need to get off at the next stop. (Combined predicate - you need to get out)

Tip 7: How to determine the grammatical basis of a sentence

In order to understand the grammatical structure of a sentence, it is necessary to discover its basis before everyone. To do this, use the methods developed by linguists. When you understand the basis of a sentence, you will be able to, say, correctly punctuate.

Instruction

1. Find out what the grammatical basis is. These are the main members of the sentence - the subject and the predicate, which traditionally constitute the core sense of the sentence. In some cases, sentences may contain only the subject or only the predicate, as well as several words that perform identical functions of the main members of the sentence.

2. Find the subject. Most often it is expressed by a noun or a pronoun. In this case, it certainly stands in the nominative case and answers the question "who?" or "what?". In a rare case, the role of an object or subject of an action in a sentence is played by a numeral or even a whole phrase. If you see a proper name in the nominative case in a sentence, it is highly likely that this will be the subject.

3. Determine the predicate in the sentence. It denotes the action of the subject, the one that is the subject. In most sentences, the predicate is a verb coordinated with the subject in number and gender. Also, this member of the sentence can be expressed by verbal phrases, verbal adjectives and even nouns. The verb must answer the question "who does?" or “what is he doing?”, grammatically coordinated with the first part of the stem of the sentence.

4. Mark the found basis in the sentence. Underline the subject with one constant horizontal line, and the predicate with two.

5. If there are several subjects and predicates, specify the grammatical structure of the sentence. If all subjects and predicates agree with each other grammatically and in meaning, then this indicates a primitive sentence. On the contrary, if they are independent and have an independent meaning, then you have sentences with two or more stems, between which there is a coordinating or subordinating connection.

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Note!
Be careful if the sentence contains the words "to be", "to be", "to appear". Emphasizing only them, it is easy to make a mistake and skip another part of the predicate.

Useful advice
The words “permitted”, “necessary”, “impossible”, “necessary” are included in the combined predicate.

is a syntactic unit containing a thought and consisting of one or more words. With the help of a sentence, you can express thoughts and feelings, an order, a request, etc. For example: Morning. The sun rises from the horizon. Open the window! What a wonderful morning!

The offer is minimum unit of utterance . In sentences, words are linked together by syntactic links. Therefore, sentences can be defined as strings of syntactically related words . Thanks to this, even in a text without punctuation marks (for example, in the monuments of ancient Russian writing), one can guess where one sentence ends and another begins.

Features of the offer:

1. A sentence is a statement about something in the form of a message, question or motivation.
2. The sentence is the basic unit of communication.
3. The sentence has intonational and semantic completeness.
4. The proposal has a certain structure (structure). Its core is the grammatical basis.
5. The sentence has lexical and grammatical meaning.

Lexical meaning sentences are its specific content. Winter was snowy and frosty.

grammatical meaning sentences are the general meaning of sentences of the same structure, abstracted from their specific content. She went on a tour (person and action). Travelers are cold and tired (person and his condition).

Meaning and intonation offers are narrative (contain a message) interrogative(contain a question) exclamatory (pronounced with strong feeling, with an exclamation) incentive(induce to action), for example: Golden Moscow is the best. Are you funny? And what stars! Raise your sword higher! (According to I. Shmelev)

By the presence of secondary members both one-part and two-part sentences can be uncommon (no minor members) and widespread (there are secondary members), for example: I doze (simple two-part uncommon preposition). Ice has grown on the windows (a simple two-part common sentence).

By the presence or partial absence of members of the proposal proposals can be complete and incomplete , for example: In a cold room, a Christmas tree mysteriously slumbers a (full sentence). Glass - penny (incomplete sentence, predicate released costs ). (According to I. Shmelev)

Grammatical (predicative) basis of the sentence

Offers have grammatical basis consisting of a subject and a predicate or one of them. For example: Freezing. White beauty birch. I'm afraid. There is a rainbow over Moscow. (According to I. Shmelev)

The grammatical basis may include both both main members suggestions, and one of them- subject or predicate. Stars fade and fade. Night. Freezes. (I. Nikitin)

According to the structure of the grammatical basis simple sentences are divided into two-part (with two main members) and one-component (with one main member): Trumpets rumble in the passage. It smells of rubbed floors, mastic, Christmas tree. Here is frost! (According to I. Shmelev)

By the number of grammatical bases proposals are divided into simple(one grammatical basis) and complex(two or more bases related to each other in meaning, intonationally and with the help of lexical means). For example: Our Christmas is coming from afar (simple suggestion). The priests sing under the icon, and the huge deacon cries out so terribly that my chest shudders. (complex preposition). (According to I. Shmelev)

Subject and predicate

Subject- the main member of the sentence, which is associated with the predicate and answers the questions of the nominative case who? or what?

Ways of expressing the subject:

1. A noun in the nominative case or another part of speech used in the meaning of a noun. Meanwhile sky(n.) continued to clear. Our fallen(and) - like sentries.
2. Pronoun in the nominative case. You you bloom alone, and I can’t return these golden dreams, this deep faith (A. Blok).
3. Infinitive. Work it was not difficult, and most importantly - fun (P. Pavlenko).
4. Phraseologisms. Skillful fingers were with this master (P. Bazhov).
5. Indivisible phrase. We are with a friend we left before sunrise (M. Sholokhov).

Predicate- the main member of the sentence, which is associated with the subject and answers questions what does the subject do? what happens to him? what is he? what is he? who is he?Dissuaded golden grove (S. Yesenin).