Added on 06/18/2014

In order to see the first flowers or a frosted birch, it is not necessary to go to the forest, just look around, and you and your child will always find an object to observe. It is necessary to maintain a keen interest in nature in the baby.

Observations of animate and inanimate nature, natural seasonal changes develop memory, attentiveness, the ability to see beautiful things in children and bring up a careful and thoughtful attitude towards the world around them.

Autumn walks

Walking on the street, draw the child's attention to what has changed compared to the summer:

- Tell your child: “Remember, it was hot and warm in the summer, but how is it now?”
Talk about summer and autumn clothes: “When it was hot in summer, we went around in T-shirts and shorts, but what do we wear now?”

- Explain why it has become colder (there are gray clouds in the sky, they prevent the sun from shining).

- When it rains, tell your child that the weather is "gloomy", there are clouds in the sky. Invite him to substitute his palm: "Do you feel how the raindrops are dripping" drip-drip-drip "?"

- Pay attention to the child that after rain there are puddles on the roads and rubber boots should be worn.

- Ask: What color are the leaves on the trees?

- Pay attention to the strong wind, it blows the leaves off the trees, resulting in leaf fall. During windy weather, you can play with the "turntable".

- Invite your child to listen to the birds singing. Can not hear. Many birds fly to warmer climes. Explain to the baby why they are forced to leave their homes (no food and cold). Show flocks of flying birds.

- Ask: “Do you see butterflies, bugs, flies?”. Something they don't have. Tell us that in autumn insects hide in the cracks of houses, under the bark of trees, under fallen leaves and sleep there until the arrival of spring.

- Talk about how animals prepare for winter: a squirrel stores mushrooms and nuts, a bear eats before hibernation, makes a lair for itself.

- In late autumn, going out on morning walk, pay attention to crumbs on frost and on puddles covered with a crust of ice.

- Read to your child poems on the theme of autumn; for example, such: K. Balmont “Autumn”, A. Koltsov “The winds blow”, S. Mikhalkov “Vegetables”, M. Khodyakova “If the leaves turn yellow on the trees”, I. Vinokurov “Autumn is walking”, V. Stepanov “Autumn goes."

winter walks

During walks, pay attention to the baby on the following:

- Pay attention to how cold it is outside - you need to wear very warm jackets, pants, hats, mittens, boots.

- Ask: “Can you see the sun in the sky? Does it warm? (the sun rarely shines, and if it does, it does not warm).

- Watch the falling snowflakes. Get them in your hand.

- Talk to your child about snow: what color is it? Where is the snow? (Everywhere: on roads, houses, cars - everything is covered in white snow).

- Tell your child that when the snow is sticky, it is good to make snowmen out of it, make snow figures when the snow is sticky.

- Remember the bear, which is now sleeping in a warm den under the snow. And the hare, the fox and the wolf do not sleep. They are hungry and cold. Tell them that in winter the hare's fur coat turns white so that it is difficult for wolves and foxes to notice him.

- Offer the baby: “Look, are there leaves on the trees?”. The trees are bare.

- Watch the snow-covered trees, choose which one is the most beautiful.

- Take your child to a pond: “Remember, in the summer there was water, and now there is solid ice.

- Pay attention to birds: crows, jackdaws, sparrows, pigeons, tits. They flock closer to human habitation. Make a feeder with your baby, put food in it and watch the arriving birds. What birds fly most often?

- You can read the following verses about winter to the baby: A. Fet “A wonderful picture”, O. Vysotskaya “Winter has come with frosts”, I. Surikov “Winter has come”, I. Nikitin “Meeting winter”, E. Nilova “Winter is a miracle worker” , D. Popov “Spring has come”, A. Prokofiev “Winter-winter” and more.

spring walks

Walking on the street, pay attention to the child on the following points:

- Put your face together in the sun. Warm! The sun begins to shine brighter, it becomes warmer.

- Tell your child that it will soon be possible to wear light jackets, hats, walk without mittens, etc.

- Watch the icicles with your child. What are they? Long and short, thick and thin, transparent, hard, cold. The sun heats the icicles, and water begins to drip from them - “drip-drip-drip”, it turns out drops. Listen to these sounds.

- Watch how the snow melts, it becomes less and less, it turns into water, puddles, it becomes slushy on the roads. You can make grooves with a spatula so that water goes into them.

- Pay attention to the child how the buds swell on the trees, explain that leaves will soon appear from them. You can bring one branch home, put it in water and watch how the buds bloom and turn into castings.

- The child will be very pleased with the first flowers, in the city this is a coltsfoot. Examine them, talk about what color they are, how they smell, what kind of stem they have. (If possible, show the baby snowdrops).

- Listen with your baby to the cheerful chirping of birds. Show your child the rook, the first bird to return home from warm countries. Watch his important gait.

- Pay attention to the child that insects appear - butterflies, midges, mosquitoes.

- Tell the baby that a bear woke up in the forest after hibernation, that the hare's fur coat turned gray again, that the foxes had cubs, and the wolf cubs were born to the she-wolf.

- Read poems about spring to your child: A. Pleshcheev “Country Song”, “Spring”, M. Sadovsky “Angry Snow”, S. Marshak “Snow is not the same anymore”, A. Leontiev “Drip-drip-drip”, I. Tokmakova “Spring is walking towards us”, F. Tyutchev “Winter is not angry for nothing” and so on.

Summer

During long summer walks, pay attention to the child on the following points:

- Talk about the fact that in summer the sun shines brightly and warms - it gets hot. Now you can walk in shorts and skirts and walk for a long time.

- Notice how the trees are green: "Look how many green leaves there are on the trees."

- Say: "There are many berries, fruits and vegetables in the summer." Recall with your child what he has already tried this summer. You can consider the assortment of vegetable counters of the store.

- Tell your child that in summer the birds hatch chicks, feed them with midges and worms, and teach them to fly.

- Note that there are a lot of insects in summer: butterflies, ladybugs, flies, mosquitoes, etc. Watch them. Note their size, color, distinctive features. For example, a ladybug has dots, a butterfly has four beautiful wings, and so on.

- In the summer, you will surely be able to see a rainbow at least once. Explain that a rainbow is made up of seven different colored arcs.

- Many flowers bloom in summer. Encourage your child to look at them, smell them.

- Read your child poems about summer. For example, such: L. Schmidt “What does summer smell like?”, A. Shibaev “what a good day”, V. Balashov “What is summer?”, Ya. Akim “Do you want to look at summer?”, I. Surikov “Bright the sun is shining".

Material for the lesson:

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A cat with a kitten, a dog with a puppy. Children learn to distinguish the characteristic features of the appearance of these animals. Get to know their behavior. When observing, younger children answer questions about what the mother cat does, what the cub does, what is the name of the mother. The elders answer why the cat licks the kitten, why the dog wags its tail, what is the name of its house. Children remember that pets have fur and sharp teeth.
Squirrel. If possible, children observe the squirrel in natural conditions, paying attention to its coat, tail. Find out what she eats, how she moves. They treat the squirrel with nuts.
Hedgehog. When meeting with him, you should draw the attention of children to a prickly ball of needles and tell about this harmless animal. Younger children imitate: snort like a hedgehog. Older children remember what he eats.

bird watching

The teacher enriches the ideas of the children: “They rake the ground with their paws, looking for grains, worms. They peck with their beak, not with their nose!
Chicken, rooster. Younger children themselves name the birds, imitate their voices, examine the scallop, the plumage of the rooster. The elders learn about the structure of the body of birds, how they are fed, how they convene. Children remember: birds have two wings, two paws, feathers, a beak, no teeth.

To form children's ideas about the main features inanimate nature. Talk about seasonal and weather events. Observe with children the seasonal changes in nature, relating them to each child's direct experience. Clarify, consolidate the initial ideas of children that, for example, that autumn is yellow color. Draw their attention to a gloomy day, inclement weather, prolonged rain. Impressions of various weather phenomena are vividly reflected in literary works to be read to children.
Water. In the warm season, children get acquainted with the properties of water by participating in a variety of games (all games with water are organized under the strict supervision of a teacher).
Sand. Children get acquainted with the properties of dry and wet sand, learn to determine its suitability for playing by touch, by color; use molds, build the first mounds-houses.
Clay. Children get acquainted with the properties of clay, together with the teacher they sculpt various objects at will.
Pebbles, shells. Children, together with the teacher, collect natural material, mark a diverse surface, size; older children learn initial counting.

Janitor, laundress. Children get acquainted with various working professions (the teacher emphasizes the importance of labor for everyone), tools, various labor operations and their expedient sequence used to achieve the goal. It is necessary to instill in children respect for working people, to support the desire to help them.
If possible, children watch the harvest in the garden, orchard; help in harvesting.

Children watch moving vehicles. Younger children learn to distinguish and name species public transport. The elders enforce the rules traffic(acquaintance with pedestrian crossings, sidewalks); learn to distinguish the main parts cars.
During a targeted walk to a pond, to a park, to the edge of a forest, children join the world of beauty, learn to love their native nature.

Winter

Wildlife Observations

plant observations

Christmas tree, birch. Continue the work started in the fall. To fix in the memory of children the concepts of a tree, a bush. Explain how to distinguish a tree from a bush. Introduce children to birch (white-trunk), note: there are no leaves on the branches in winter. Showing the Christmas tree, remind about new year holiday. Show what kind of needles the Christmas tree has, fluffy paws. Clarify the concepts: the trunk is thick, thin.

Animal observations

Rabbit. Watching a rabbit, younger children learn to note the characteristic features of the structure of his body, imitate movements. The elders repeat: four paws, two long ears, wool. Compare brother rabbit and brother hare. They learn from the teacher's story that in winter the color of the hare's coat changes.
Forest animals. In the process of observation, the color of their coat, the names of the dwellings of the fox, the bear are specified. The teacher tells that the forest dwellers are hungry in winter, causing a feeling of compassion in children. Younger children find and show 1-2 forest animals, imitate their movements, vocal reactions. The elders name 3-4 animals, together with the adult they note: they have four paws, two ears, a tail, hair, teeth. Everyone remembers fairy tales about forest animals.

bird watching

Draw the attention of children to the behavior of birds: sparrow, dove, crow. Explain how hungry they are in winter; learn to care for living beings. Younger children name individual birds, imitate their movements, vocal reactions. The elders list familiar birds, their habits, note: birds have two paws, two wings, feathers, a beak, no teeth.

Observations of inanimate nature

Seasonal and weather phenomena. During the gathering for a walk, prepare children for the perception of information about winter. With the younger ones, learn the names of winter clothes and shoes, with the older ones - the purpose. Children get ideas about winter while observing falling snow, bright winter day, in the process of games and fun.
Snow and ice. Tell children about natural material: snow, ice floes of various shapes. With the help of a variety of fun games, active actions of children, help consolidate their first ideas about the properties of snow and ice. Introduce children to the phenomenon of snowfall. Explain that winter is white.

Observation of the labor of an adult

Street cleaner. Continue to acquaint children with the work of adults in winter conditions (new tools, new labor activities).
Driver, builder. Show and tell about the work of drivers on various vehicles (trucks, cars), the work of builders; about the name of the builder's clothing and its purpose. Emphasize the importance of workers' labor for society.

Observations of street life. Target walks

Help younger children list the types of public transport (bus, trolleybus, tram, metro). Learn to distinguish a truck from a van. Watch with children the various work of snow removal machines. Introduce them to the traffic light, its tricolor signal. Older children will learn about the purpose of the truck, van, ambulance and fire engine.
Take a targeted walk to the children's area senior group It's always a holiday for kids. Conduct a tour of the square where the Christmas tree. Examine her jewelry, tell the children about the upcoming holiday.

Spring

Wildlife Observations

plant observations

Meadow and garden flowers. Watch the blossoming bud - the house of the flower. Consider the first spring flowers. (The elementary ability to distinguish colors changes the child's behavior. He begins to look at nature, rejoice at meeting familiar plants, bend over to examine them, touch them, but do not pick them.) When you see an unfamiliar plant, ask the children to name it. Younger children find and name 1-2 flowers. Specify their color and size. The elders know the structure of the flower and 3-4 names of its parts. Compare stems of flowers: long or short, longer or shorter.
Grass, leaves. Children themselves show and name the grass. The teacher specifies: grass-ant, silk grass; draws the attention of children to the kidneys - houses near the leaves. Together they examine the first sticky leaves and sniff them.
Tree, bush. Fix the names: birch, tree. Pay attention to the beauty of flowering fruit trees: many flowers, apples, cherries, etc. will grow in their place. With older children, consolidate ideas about the structure of a tree (trunk, branches, leaves).

Animal observations

Goat, calf. Children from afar watch how an adult strokes an animal, feeds it. Tell the children about the structure of the body, characteristic movements. Younger children can list and imitate the actions, voice reactions of the animal. The elders know the body parts of the animal, what it eats. The teacher clarifies: he chews grass, hooves on his feet, grows up - horns will appear; goats and cows give milk.

bird watching

Chickens. Younger children name the color of plumage, list the actions of chickens, show them. The elders learn how they drink, what the chickens peck at, what the names of their father and mother are. The teacher explains: the hen hides the chickens under her wing if they are cold; convenes (kvokhchet), protects chickens; lays eggs.
Goose, duck. If possible, children examine poultry, note the characteristic parts of the body of the goose, the color of the birds. Learn how to call the birds; that birds love to swim, nibbling grass.
Sparrow, dove, crow, starling. Draw the attention of children to changes in the behavior of birds, teach them to take care of them, feed them. Younger children name 2-3, and older 3-4 birds. Enrich lexicon children with words: chirping, cooing, croaking. Children listen to the story about the starling-singer, find out the name of his house and the houses of other birds. Expand the ideas of children: birds have two wings, two paws, feathers, a beak, no teeth.

Insect observations

Bug. Give children the opportunity to examine the structure of the body of the beetle with a magnifying glass. To evoke kindness towards a living being.
Ant. Tell the children about ants - hard workers whom everyone respects and no one offends. Carefully following the path, follow the path of the ant with the children. Bring up careful attitude to insects.

Observations of inanimate nature

To arouse children's keen interest in the changes taking place in nature, to cultivate aesthetic feelings.
Seasonal and weather phenomena. Draw the attention of children to the first signs of spring: drops, water all around, the sun is shining brightly, people have changed their clothes. To acquaint with such a spring phenomenon as hail. Explain why spring is green.
Icicles, streams, puddles. In a conversation with children, discuss what icicles are: large, small, thick, thin, transparent, hard, cold. Listen with children to the song of the drop.
Pebbles, shells. To teach children to act in a variety of ways with natural material (see the "Autumn" section).

Observation of the labor of an adult

Continue monitoring the work of the janitor. Note his specific actions and tools. To consolidate the knowledge of children about the work of a laundress, a driver. While planting seedlings and sowing seeds in the garden and in the flower garden, observe the work of adults and children of older groups, teach them to respect the work of adults, and encourage them to join in joint labor activities.

Observations of street life. Target walks

Watch with children the operation of various machines. Explain: Man invented machines in order to make his work easier. Tell and show the children that food is brought to the grocery store by vans.
Carry out targeted walks in the park, in the meadow, in the field in order to form aesthetic feelings, love for the native land.

Summer

Wildlife Observations

plant observations

Flowers. Conduct observations in order to enrich children's ideas about meadow and garden flowers. Children learn the names of new flowers, the younger ones distinguish and name 2-3, and the older ones 3-4 flowers. To form the ability to pay attention to the beauty of nature, to see the beautiful, to admire it. Teach children to take care of plants, not to crush, not to tear them unnecessarily.
Vegetables, fruits, berries. To consolidate children's ideas about fruits and berries, their names; show characteristic features (color, shape, size, smell, taste). Learn to identify familiar berries. Younger children name 2-3 fruits, they know the names of two types of berries. Older children can identify fruits and berries by taste and smell, they know 3-4 names of vegetables and fruits, 2-3 types of berries. Compare fruits and berries in size (large, small).
Leaves. Examining leaves with children various trees, show that they are different in shape, size. Younger children specify the shape and size of the leaves, the older ones determine: a narrow, wide leaf.
Bush, tree. To teach children to distinguish between a bush and a tree, a birch and an oak, to examine their leaves. Older children practice in determining: a thick or thin trunk, a tall or low tree.

Animal observations

Goat, calf. Continue to introduce children to animals. To consolidate their ideas that the guys received in the spring. Children should know how animals behave, how they call their mom and dad. The younger children imitate the movements and voice reactions of animals, the older ones list: four legs with hooves, two ears, two eyes, hair, teeth.

bird watching

Chicken, rooster, goose, duck. To consolidate children's ideas about poultry (see sections "Autumn", "Spring"). With younger children, clarify the name of the bird, the color of its plumage, how it “talks”, what the names of the chicks are. Older children answer which of the birds swims, which people convene. Talk about how people take care of poultry.

Fish watching

Organize observation of the fish caught by the fisherman at the pond. Younger children examine the fins, tail of the fish. The elders will learn: the fish lives in the water, swims; remember the habitat, distinctive features of the body structure, food.

frog sightings

Talk about frogs, forming the right attitude in children: do not be afraid and do not offend. Younger children imitate the movements of frogs. The elders learn about the habitat, food.

Insect observations

Butterfly, moth. Admire them with children, examine the structure of bodies with a magnifying glass. Give the concept of "fragile butterfly", moth - "living beautiful flower." To form in children a caring attitude towards insects.
Grasshopper. Listen with children to the chirping of a grasshopper, watch how it jumps and hides in the grass. To cause a good attitude towards this harmless creature.
Ladybug, beetle. When observing, use a magnifying glass. Consider cobweb legs, a crack on the back, wings. To form a desire to admire, to protect living beings, not to harm them.

Summing up the results of systematic work with children to get acquainted with living objects, it should be noted that younger children, with the help of an adult, can name the characteristic actions of living beings: runs, jumps, jumps, flies, swims; laps, gnaws, chews, pecks, drinks; how it “talks”, what are the names of adults and young individuals. Older children learn to actively use words denoting the characteristic features and behavior of living beings, to identify the differences between animals and birds.

Observations of inanimate nature

Seasonal and weather phenomena. Show children and clarify: fine day, summer rain. Associate seasonal conditions with lightweight children's clothing. Conduct a variety of observations of the animal and plant world, of bright seasonal phenomena; form ideas about summer, its characteristic features. Show a bright seasonal phenomenon - a rainbow. Older children learn to determine the state of the weather by individual signs.
Water, sand, clay, pebbles, shells. Expand and clarify children's ideas about the properties of these natural materials (see the "Autumn" section) in the process of organized observations and independent activity children.

Observation of the labor of an adult

Include children in the performance of labor actions of the educator; to encourage them to take part in the harvest with the children of the older groups.

Observations of street life. Target walks

Tell the children that on the streets you can see watering machines, a lot of cars and trucks. Note that you need to be careful. Let's talk about traffic lights again.
IN summer time it is advisable to conduct targeted walks to the park, to the reservoir, to the edge of the forest. Here, children move a lot, listen to the birds singing, learn to distinguish meadow flowers. Younger children will recognize the names of 1-2, and older children will recognize 3-4 flowers. Children can meet a hedgehog, a frog, see a mushroom, watch insects. All this brings up a sense of beauty, love for native nature.

In addition to a variety of observations, during the year, children are offered a variety of didactic tasks during a walk. Younger children are happy to train in determining the color, shape, size of objects encountered on a walk. They are interested in doing didactic tasks such as "Find and show". Older children learn to compare sizes: more - less, long - short, thick - thin, narrow - wide.
All children carry out actions to establish temperature (warm, cold), weight (light, heavy), tactile (smooth, rough, pungent), taste (sweet, sour), olfactory differences. The children are offered didactic tasks in the form of riddles: "Guess what" and game exercises: "One, two, three - run to the birch!"
During the year, children are offered to perform labor activities of various motivations:
– assistance to an adult (we will help the janitor to water the flower garden);
– care for living beings (feed the chickens, make a bird feeder);
- the construction of buildings with the aim of deploying fairy tales (according to the fairy tale "Teremok", etc.);
- decoration of the site (snow flower bed, ice meadow);
– independent game (maze, etc.).
Throughout the year, children are happy to take part in outdoor games offered to adults, which carry a huge emotional potential and improve the health of babies.

Walking methodology

Recall that a methodology is a set of teaching methods (direct or indirect impact) aimed at the practical implementation or assimilation of something.
Children on a walk find themselves in a partially familiar, but changing environment depending on different circumstances. This should be used for the comprehensive development and upbringing of the child. The first thing a child encounters on a walk is huge world nature, with which it must be introduced: to help understand, accept, love and take care of.
The main teaching method is observation. Scheduled observation of changes in nature is carried out daily with all children or in subgroups. In addition, during the entire time of the walk, the adult more than once clarifies and consolidates the knowledge gained by the children not only in the course of organized observations, but also in the process of their own observations. But in a younger preschooler, observation as a personality trait is absent, which means that the techniques must be age-appropriate; first of all, it is a reliance on orienting reactions in various forms. The children went for a walk and immediately saw something unusual or noted what had changed in the environment. Maybe something went unnoticed. The task of an adult is to support the desire of children to notice changes in the natural environment and draw their attention to something that has been missed, not to leave it for later.
Observation involves the ability to listen and actively perceive what is heard. But on a walk, the child is faced with a lot of distractions: a butterfly flew by, a car drove past, etc. Keep the attention of the younger child preschool age not very easy. Therefore, the observations should be short (no more than 7-10 minutes), bright, interesting, meaningful, carrying novelty. This is facilitated, firstly, by the objects of observation themselves and the surge of positive emotions of the kids at the sight of them; secondly, the figurative speech of an adult, his ability to use poetic texts, riddles, proverbs and sayings, which are perceived by children with great interest, enrich their vocabulary, develop aesthetic feelings.
In order to prolong interest in consideration, an adult should involve children in active statements and actions by asking questions, with their own interest in what is happening; causing empathy, sympathy, involvement in unusual events in the environment. The main thing is not to leave children indifferent when they see vivid images of the natural environment.
Interest in daily observations is supported by the fact that each time the children are offered a new object for direct acquaintance. Observations of plants, animals, birds and insects are interspersed with meeting people different professions, familiarization with social life- street life. Targeted off-site walks also contribute to a strong desire to observe.

Observations

Wildlife Observations

plant observations

Introduction to diversity flora begins with the brightest and most impressive - with flowers. For quite a long time (from spring to late autumn), children are invariably attracted to their bright colors, smells, continuous change of species.
Dandelion. As soon as thawed patches appear, children immediately notice the first flowers of the coltsfoot, dandelions. They examine them, together with an adult specify the color, look for the largest flowers. Younger children understand the comparison "like the sun." By touching the inflorescence with their palm, they learn the new concept of “fluffy”. The elders hold their fingers, repeating after the adult: "Stem, flower."
Buds, flowers in a flower bed. The teacher draws the attention of children to large buds. Slowly walking around the flower beds, the children look for other buds, with the help of a teacher, they learn to compare: a large one - a small bud (for kids), a large one - a small one (for older ones).
The teacher says: “And the sun's rays are trying to wake up. Wake up flower! Spring has come, brought warmth! But here is the surprise moment: the first flower has blossomed. Now everyone eagerly rushes to the flower bed every time to see if there is a new flower. Now the children unanimously name the color, the size of the first flowers.
At the beginning of work, the teacher asks to find red flowers in the flower bed, then yellow ones. Children notice: "And the leaves are all green." Soon the tasks become more complicated: find 1-2 flowers by name (tulip, daffodil), find tulips of different colors, naming it.
Helping older children to highlight the main parts of the plant, the teacher invites them to hold their finger and call: "Stem, leaves." At the suggestion of an adult, the child wraps his hands around the head of a peony - it does not fit in his hands. So children learn to consciously use the words "big", "large", "fluffy" flower. Sitting down, the baby covers the pansies with his hand and understands: these are small flowers. And the mignonette? Quite tiny, but what a fragrant!
Autumn comes, and children can already compare phloxes and marigolds (calendula): a tall flower or a low one, phloxes of different colors. The wide inclusion of survey actions contributes to the formation of the ability to name the color, the relative height of the flower, and its structure.
Orientation in the environment (flowers grow in a flower bed, meadow, forest edge) enriches the vocabulary of kids. They begin to use comparisons (“It smells like my mother!”), Their ideas expand: phloxes are tall, long, with bright inflorescences of different colors and a unique aroma.
Each season gives its flowers, and in each of the seasons, children can learn and name 5-7 names of garden and field (meadow) flowers. They are pleased when the teacher puts a bouquet in the room; kids are happy to present flowers to the elders, find a flower they like in a flower bed.
Vegetables, fruits, berries. During targeted walks to garden beds, children discover that some vegetables are visible, they show off in the beds, others need to be looked for in the foliage. Why it is difficult to find a cucumber, everyone decides together. Some vegetables sit deep in the ground, it is not easy to pull them out. Trying to pull out the carrot, the children begin to understand the meaning of the riddle told about it in time. They begin to distinguish vegetables according to their characteristic features of shape (elongated carrots, round onion, oval zucchini), color and size. You can invite children to examine certain vegetables: stroke (smooth turnip, rough cucumber), press (hard), taste. Children, with the help of an adult, decide which vegetables to eat raw, which need to be boiled. Yu. Tuvim's poem "Vegetables" prepares them for such a conversation. All together they remember which of the animals loves to gnaw carrots, cabbage. Younger children learn to name 3-5 vegetables, older children - up to 7-8.

Summer is in full swing, and we decided to make a selection of various "things" that you can do with your child in the summer:

1. Collect herbarium (leaves, flowers). And you can make a classic herbarium,
and you can also take a photo collection of all the flowers and plants that you saw over the summer.
2. Collect a collection of stones. To make the stones look better, it is better to store them in a container with water. And the brought stones can be signed and collected from different countries and cities
And flat pebbles can be beautifully painted
3. If there is a dacha, you can allocate a small garden for the child. Plant peas or carrots. Explain how to care. How then will it be great to eat what he grew himself
4. Arrange yourself berry days from time to time.
5. Study butterflies, all kinds of spider bugs, worms, snails and caterpillars. Make your own photo collection of insects. And small bugs can be viewed through a magnifying glass.
6. Observe the process of the appearance of tadpoles, and then watch how they gradually grow, they have legs, then the head of a frog, and finally the tail falls off and a small frog is already sitting in the hands
7. Watch the ants. And you can, as in childhood, stick a stick peeled from the bark and then lick the sourness from the ants.
8. See how a spider builds a web
9. Learn to determine the cardinal points in the forest (by mosses, anthills, etc.) without a compass
10. Look at drops of dew or rain on leaves or blades of grass.
11. With older children, study the constellations
12. Watch the sun rise and set
13. See how the flowers “fall asleep” (flowers close)
14. In the evenings, listen to how frogs croak, nightingales sing and grasshoppers chirp
15. Run in the warm summer rain, splash in the puddles, and then look at the rainbow.
16. If there is a village nearby, then there you can find chickens, cows, possibly sheep and goats. It will be very interesting for little ones to look at pets live, and not in pictures. And if you're lucky, you can see how a cow is milked and, finally, see with your own eyes where the milk comes from.
17. Listen to the cuckoo and count how many times it calls
18. Hang a feeder on the site and observe the birds in close proximity. You can record which birds came to feed. (in our country house - 80 km from Moscow, for many years bullfinches have been flying in and eating from our feeder. I have always been sure that the bullfinch is an exclusively winter bird, and in the summer they fly somewhere. But for the last few years I I watch them all summer and autumn at my dacha)
19. Plant some flowers (for example, sunflowers) and watch how a sprout appears, then how it grows, how a bud appears, how a flower blooms
20. If there is a plot, then you can plant a tree with your child (for example, a Christmas tree or thuja) and this will be his tree. Or you can try planting an acorn or a chestnut and try to grow an oak or chestnut. But if the tree grows, in 20-30 years it will be really big and tall. And the child will already be able to demonstrate to his children HIS own tree, which he planted in his childhood.
21. Find a stump in the forest and count the rings
22. Walk in the field and pick wildflowers. Weave wreaths of daisies or dandelions
23. Build a hut out of branches or make a tree house (nail the boards - and you're done.)
24. Go hiking (water, hiking, mountain...) Or just spend the night in a tent, even on your own site next to the house
25. And you can go with a child a real one-day trip. On the way, boil water for tea on a fire (or burner), fry bread and sausages on a fire. Collect everything. What comes across interesting underfoot. For a small child, this will be a real BIG adventure.
26. Collect mushrooms and berries
27. Catch a fish
28. Keep a diary of a young naturalist (observe anything - birds, insects, plants)
29. Watch the birds hatch their chicks
30. Fly a kite and play other street games

Summer is the time for relaxation, summer fun, sun, beach. But even on vacation, you can give your child a lot of useful and informative information about nature. It's all around us.

We watch the sun.

Walking with the baby, show him the sun, tell him that it shines brightly, it has become very warm. Talk about seasonal clothing. Say that the sun heats up more, so the children do not dress warmly. Name summer clothes. What sun? (speech development) - yellow, warm, bright, light, affectionate. What does it do? Shines, warms, illuminates, etc. People wear sunglasses in summer. Talk for what. How else is summer different from other seasons? Everything is green, lots of flowers. Tell a poem about the sun.

Watching clouds.

On a cloudy day, watch the clouds with your child. What are they doing? They float, they move, they fly. What are they? Soft, fluffy, rainy. Tell the baby that they can move slowly, or they can move quickly (the wind is blowing). Sometimes the clouds cover the sun and it doesn't get so hot. Consider the clouds - what they look like, compose a fairy tale about the clouds. Sing the song "Clouds, white-maned horses" with the baby.

On an overcast day, watch the clouds. They are dark, thunderous, heavy. When the sky is covered with clouds, it indicates the approach of rain. Tell the baby about thunder and lightning.

Watching the wind.

On a windy day, look with your child at the swaying trees. Tell your child that it is the wind that is blowing. Watch how the grass and trees sway. Take a turntable and expose it to a gust of wind - it will spin. Tell your child about the wind in different seasons: an icy wind blows in winter. We come up with more epithets - cold, winter, etc. In summer - a warm, light, pleasant breeze. Invite the child to expose his face to the wind, close his eyes. The wind caresses the cheeks, the face. You too can blow like the wind. Take a feather, put it on the palm of your hand and invite the baby to blow. By the way, this is an excellent exercise for the development of speech.

Watching the rain.

Going outside when it rains, note that today the weather is rainy, rainy, cloudy. Look at the raindrops - they are large or small. Pay attention to the child that puddles are formed. You can throw pebbles into puddles, measure the depth with a stick, launch boats. Listen to the sounds of dripping rain. Watch the drops run down the windows. Tell the kid about how the rain waters all the plants and they grow. Compare dry ground and wet, dry asphalt is light and wet is dark. After the rain, everything is wet - both the earth and the leaves. Drops glitter in the sun. My son and I have this "Kapitoshki". We love to shake them off the trees, touch them with our fingers.

We are watching the storm.

Watch the storm and its approach. Before a thunderstorm, heavy clouds cover the sky, a strong gusty wind rises. The wind shakes the trees a lot. Everything around is gradually darkening. Birds fly screaming, trying to hide. Lightning flashes, thunder rumbles.

We watch the rainbow.

Tell your child that there is a rainbow after the rain. Tell about the colors of the rainbow, draw a rainbow with your baby. Pay attention to the crumbs that it gradually appears and gradually disappears.

We watch the trees.

When walking with a child, show him various trees, name them. Offer to touch the bark - it is rough (for tactile sensations). Tell us about how you change your appearance trees at different times of the year. Now they are green, they have a lot of leaves. Each tree has its own leaves, unlike the others. Look at coniferous trees. Spruce and pine do not have leaves, but needles. They are green in both summer and winter. Teach your child to take care of trees - they purify the air.

Watching flowers.

Consider flowers. Talk about their color, size. Invite the child to smell the flower. Describe the structure of a flower. Name flowers - chamomile, dandelion, peony, etc. Flowers are indoor, garden and field. Consider how they differ. Have the child guess.

Watching the water.

All children love to play with water. And that's great! not only develop the baby, but also relieve stress. Tell your child that water can be liquid and solid (ice). Water can have different temperatures: warm if heated in the sun or on the stove, cool if put in the refrigerator. What kind of water? Liquid, transparent, flowing. Determine which objects sink in water and which do not. Please note that in summer people swim in the sea. Why?

We observe animals and insects.

Introduce your baby to the animals you meet and insects. Tell us about where they live, what they eat. Watch the behavior of the animals. Pay attention to the appearance - some have wool, others have feathers. Some crawl, others fly, others walk.

It is impossible to list everything, but the main thing is to say and show the child everything that you see, hear and feel yourself.

Walks and observations in summer period.

A wonderful vacation in the summer, as well as a way to learn about the world around you and yourself in it, will be walking-hiking, excursions, targeted walks for children. Natural natural conditions will give preschoolers a lot of impressions and will contribute to the improvement of movement. Every walk-hike, target walk and excursions are preceded by preliminary work with preschoolers.

Observations of wildlife.

1. Observations of plants.
Trees and shrubs have lush green foliage. Children examine the leaves of various trees, note that they are different in shape, size; distinguish and name bushes and trees. In meadows, forest edges, parks, gardens - a lot of different flowers. Meadow flowers: dandelion, St. John's wort, yarrow, clover, chamomile, tansy, bluebell. Garden: peony, phlox, gladiolus, nasturtium, rose, aster, dahlia. There are many berries in the forest (edible - strawberries, blueberries, raspberries, blueberries; poisonous - wolf's bast, crow's eye, nightshade, elder) and mushrooms (edible and inedible). People prepare hay, harvest vegetables, fruits and berries. Observations are carried out in order to enrich children's ideas about plants. Can you talk about healing properties familiar plants from which infusion, tea, syrup, oil, powder are obtained. Some medicinal herbs can be planted on the site by organizing a phyto-garden or phyto-bed.
The ability to pay attention to the beauty of nature, the ability to see the beautiful, to admire it is being formed. Children learn to take care of plants, not to crush, not to tear them unnecessarily.

2. Animal observations.
Animals take care of the cubs, teach them to get food, hide from enemies. An adult needs to explain to children that a responsible time is coming for birds and animals - nursing offspring. Children should know how animals behave, how they call their mom and dad. The younger ones imitate the movements and voice reactions of animals, the older ones list. It should be explained where homeless animals come from, why they are dangerous.

3. Birdwatching.
Pay attention to how fast birds fly, catching insects, note how often they fly to the nest with food for chicks. Birds feed their chicks with insects in the summer, thus helping to preserve the plants. You can offer to find evidence of the usefulness of birds (look at the bark of trees, look for a bird's nest, think and say how and what it feeds the chicks). Examining the trees, children will meet with traces of the destructive work of bark beetles and woodcutters. The children themselves will conclude: "If there are no birds, then the forest will die." It is necessary to warn the child that birds' nests must not be touched, otherwise they will cease to live in them.

4. Observations of insects.
Many insects appear: a butterfly, a grasshopper, a bee, an ant, a fly, a beetle, a mosquito, a dragonfly. Butterfly, moth, admire them all together, examine the structure of their bodies with a magnifying glass. While admiring butterflies with a child, an adult can tell him why the wings of butterflies have different colors. It turns out that it helps insects hide from enemies. The peacock butterfly has large spots (eyes) on its wings. When a bird flies, the butterfly opens its wings, which frightens the bird. The green grasshopper is difficult to spot on the green grass, but it can be heard well from afar. What does he "sing"? On the right elytron he has a special membrane. And on the left - a thick vein with small teeth. When the left elytron rubs against the right, a chirring sound is produced. Offer to listen to the chirping of a grasshopper, watch how it jumps and hides in the grass. Arouse a kind attitude towards this harmless creature. Ladybug, beetle. When observing, use a magnifying glass. Consider cobweb legs, a crack on the back, wings. To form a desire to admire and protect living beings, not to harm them. In summer, children and adults are annoyed by unpleasant "neighbors" - flies, wasps. However, in nature there is nothing superfluous. Explain to the child that flies destroy rotting plant and animal remains, being orderlies. Wasps benefit by eating harmful insects, including houseflies. It is necessary to form a careful attitude towards insects.

Observations of inanimate nature.

1. Seasonal and weather phenomena.
The sun is shining brightly. Rains are rare, warm, sometimes torrential, with lightning, thunder and hail. Teach your child not to be afraid of thunderstorms, but to be careful not to hide under tall trees during a thunderstorm. It is interesting to observe morning and evening dew, fog, to explain the reason for their formation. At the beginning of summer it is cool, the weather often changes. From mid-June it gets hot. Listening to poetry contributes to colorful perception and brings the child to the concept - summer is red. Show a bright seasonal phenomenon - a rainbow. The middle of summer comes in July, from the moment the linden blossoms. July is the hottest month of the year, with frequent showers and thunderstorms. The water is warm and you can swim. Summer ends in August. The days are warm, but the sun no longer bakes as strongly as in July. Thunderstorms end, cool winds and fogs appear. Water in reservoirs cools down.

2. Water, sand, clay, pebbles, shells.
Given to a child under the supervision of an adult. Ideas about the properties of these natural materials are refined, deepened and consolidated in the process of observation and independent activity. The most relevant and favorite games in the summer are games with water and sand.

3. Observations of street life.
It should be noted that on the streets you can see watering machines, many cars and trucks. Note that you need to be careful. Let's talk about traffic lights again.
Revealing the signs of the inanimate (does not grow, does not live, does not breathe).