The water cycle is a very important natural process, thanks to which life on our planet is possible. Environment it is impossible to imagine without water, since only with its participation many physical, chemical and biological processes take place. In order not to feel the lack of clean water resources on Earth, the transformation and circulation of water in nature is constantly taking place.

The meaning and properties of water

The earth is 70% covered with a water shell, which is the most important part of the biosphere - the hydrosphere. It includes all the oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, swamps, groundwater, artificial water basins, as well as water vapor and glaciers that exist on the planet.

Rice. 1. Glaciers

As you know, water can exist in three different states:

• gaseous (clouds, clouds);
• liquid (rivers, oceans, etc.);
• solid (glaciers).

The hydrosphere consists of water, which is found on the globe in all three of its states. Water is unique and the only component in nature that can have three different forms. No other substance on the planet can do this.

Cycle process

Water exchange is ongoing process, during which moisture "travels" through the oceans, the solid earth's shell and atmosphere. Briefly it looks like this:

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• At first, moisture evaporates from the surface of water basins and enters the air masses in the form of steam, where it begins to actively participate in various reactions.
• Further, the formation of clouds and clouds, due to which precipitation falls on the earth in the form of fog, hail, snow or rain.
• Having reached the ground, atmospheric precipitation makes up for the lack of moisture in the water basins. Also, rains moisten the earth, which nourishes all plants. As a result, all living beings on the planet are saturated with oxygen.
• Then the evaporation of moisture into the atmosphere again occurs, and the process begins in a new circle.

Rice. 2. Scheme of the water cycle in nature

It should be remembered that the main engine of water exchange is the energy of the Sun.

The world's oceans evaporate the most moisture. As you know, the water in it is salty, but the moisture that evaporates from the surface is fresh. Thus, ocean waters are a real factory for the production of fresh water, without which life on the globe would be impossible.

Scientists have found that about 16 million tons of various precipitation falls on the planet every second, and at the same moment the same amount of water returns back into the air. The scale of water exchange on Earth is simply amazing!

For children, you can conduct an interesting experiment to clearly demonstrate the evaporation of moisture under the influence of sunlight. It is necessary to take a glass, fill it with water, cover it tightly with a plastic bag and put it on the windowsill in sunny weather. The result is a simple imitation of the oceans and atmosphere. After some time, droplets will appear on the wall of the bag - this is how moisture evaporates under the influence of solar heat.

Types of water cycle

There are large and small water cycles.

• Big circle. The evaporation of the World Ocean rises into the air, and then the winds are transferred to the continent and fall out in the form of various atmospheric precipitation. Further, the same amount of moisture falls back into the ocean waters along with rivers and groundwater.

Rice. 3. Waters of the oceans

• Small circle. The steam that forms over the ocean falls back into its own waters in the form of precipitation.

Allocate also continental moisture cycle that takes place on the mainland. Water from local reservoirs and the earth's surface is weathered, and then, after some time, returns from the atmosphere again in the form of snow, fog or rain.

As a result of many years of research, scientists have come to the conclusion that the moisture cycle has recently begun to accelerate significantly. This negatively affects the climate around the world. Hot areas will become even hotter and drier, and rainy areas will receive even more precipitation.

What have we learned?

One of the important topics of the world for grade 3 is the water cycle. We learned what this process is, how the water cycle occurs in nature, what it depends on and what role it plays on the planet. Thanks to the information received, students can easily write a report or write a message for the lesson.

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In nature, this is a continuous process of constant movement of water on Earth. It consists of water evaporation, condensation, precipitation and water transfer in rivers and other bodies of water, and then evaporation again. And so the whole cycle starts all over again.

Without the water cycle, there would be no snow in nature, rivers would eventually dry up, and all life on Earth would suffer from dehydration. And it is quite obvious that your one day may ask about any process related to water. So that such a question does not take you by surprise, play ahead of the curve and tell your child about the water cycle in nature and spend at home with a package that will easily show how it all works.

Such a visual will also be an excellent assistant to the student to consolidate his knowledge or just interesting and useful entertainment for children who love experiments. But before proceeding to the experiment, tell the child about each of the stages of the water cycle in nature, then it will be even easier to understand what is happening in the bag.

The water cycle in nature: a picture-hint for children

- incredible natural resource, which covers 70% of the Earth's surface and is necessary for the life of all living things. This is the only substance that exists in three physical states - gas (water vapor), liquid (water) and solid (snow, ice). Most other substances have only one natural state.

During a complete cycle of the cycle in nature, the state of water is constantly changing, absorbing or releasing thermal energy. Thus, water in the cycle goes through four stages:

Evaporation- the process when water on the surface, when heated, turns into steam and escapes into the air. It occurs wherever there is water: on the surface of the ocean, rivers or lakes, when we or animals sweat, and when dew appears on plants. Warm water evaporates faster and you can check this by boiling water on the stove. But even when we don't see steam, evaporation still happens, but much more slowly.

Condensation. As the water vapor in the air rises and reaches the upper atmosphere, the cold temperature causes it to release heat and turn back into liquid. These tiny water droplets hang on dust particles in the air to form clouds.

Precipitation. Water droplets in clouds also collide and condense together, and then they become larger and heavier. If the rate of fall of water droplets exceeds the rate of ascending and they do not have time to evaporate, then they fall as precipitation in the form of rain, sleet, snow or hail.

Water transfer. In the form of precipitation, water again falls to the surface of the Earth. Some of the water flows down and ends up in the sea, lakes or rivers. The other one soaks into the ground and becomes groundwater that feeds plants or passes through the soil to reach the ocean. Another part of the water gets and is absorbed by animals. From here the water cycle begins again.

The water cycle in nature: psimple experiment in a package

Step-by-step instructions on how to conduct an experiment with children that will clearly show all the stages of the water cycle in nature. This the child can spend both at school and at home.

To conduct the "Water Cycle in Nature" experiment, you will need:

• zipper bag;
• colored markers;
• water;
• blue (optional);
• scotch.

Step-by-step instructions on how to conduct the experiment "The water cycle in nature"

1. Heat the water so that steam forms over it, but do not bring it to a boil.
2. Add blue dye to the water to make it "water from the ocean".
3. Pour into the bag and zip it up.
4. Hang the bag vertically on a window or door by sticking it with tape. The main thing is to fix it well.
5. As the water begins to evaporate, the child will see condensation form at the top of the bag.
6. After a while, water droplets will appear inside the bag. When they become very large and heavy, they will eventually slide down. This is the stage of returning water back to the sea.
7. If the water is still warm, or if the bag is exposed to the sun, the water cycle will continue.

The properties of water can affect our habitat, so the knowledge and experiments associated with it are very useful. Thanks to such a simple visual, the child will be able to see and understand how the water cycle occurs in nature using the example of a small bag of liquid.

A fairy tale about the adventure of a small drop and we conduct an experiment about the movement of water in nature

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SCIENTIFIC EXPERIENCE FOR CHILDREN "WATER CYCLE IN A PACKAGE"

1. We need one ziplock bag, water, food coloring of blue color, extra hands and a little imagination.

2. Tint a small amount of water with 4-5 drops of blue food coloring.

3. For greater credibility, you can draw clouds and waves on the bag, and then fill in the tinted water.

4. After you need to tightly seal the bag and stick it to the window with adhesive tape. The result will have to wait a little, but it's worth it. Now you have your own weather in the house. And your children will be able to watch the rain pour right into the little sea.

Exposure of the focus

Since the Earth has a limited amount of water, there is such a phenomenon on it as the water cycle in nature. Under warm sunlight, the water in the bag evaporates, turning into steam. As it cools at the top, it reverts to liquid form and falls as precipitation. This phenomenon can be observed in the package for several days. In nature, this phenomenon is endless.

In the Earth's biosphere, water masses are constantly moving, forming a closed cycle. This process is called the water cycle in nature, the scheme of which is often found in textbooks on natural science. If you need to write a report on the topic "Hydrological cycle in nature", then this material will be useful to you, it will help you to better understand nature and its properties.

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Basic concepts

Hydrological cycle- This is a process of regular movement of liquid in the world space, and its study made it possible to understand the mechanism of action: energy affects the surface of the earth and the ocean, moisture, heating up, is converted into steam, the molecules of which rise into the atmosphere and concentrate in the form of clouds. Getting into areas with cold temperatures, molecules condense and fall down as precipitation. So under the influence of solar energy and cooling, the process is endlessly repeated.

Main stages and processes

How does the water cycle occur in nature? The full hydrological cycle includes several important stages:

• evaporation;
• vapor condensation in atmospheric layers;
• its fall in the form of precipitation on the ground;
• filtration through the soil;
• ingress of liquid into underground streams;
• absorption of liquid from the soil by plants;
• participation in the biochemical reactions of living organisms.

The stages of the cycle are sometimes reduced to a minimum:

• water evaporates;
• concentrated in the atmospheric layers;
• falls out in the form of a liquid, solid or vaporous substance.

Such a cycle often occurs over the surface of a large body of water, such as the ocean. The hydrological cycle is circular- this means that all stages are constantly repeated, thus ensuring the continuous movement of fluid in nature.

It also has the following processes:

• Precipitation is the fall of water on the ground in the form of rain, snow, hail and fog;
• precipitation interception is the process of precipitation not falling into the soil or water bodies, but onto trees and other plants. Such moisture immediately evaporates without getting into the soil;
• runoff is the way water moves across the land;
• infiltration is the ingress of liquid into the soil and its filtration;
• underground streams are underground streams that are located in the aeration zone;
• evaporation of water is the transition of molecules from a liquid state to a vapor state;
• sublimation - the transition of molecules from a solid state to a vapor state;
• deposition - the transition of molecules from a vaporous state to a solid state;
• advection is the movement of water molecules (in any state) through;
• condensation - the formation of steam into clouds and clouds;
• evaporation - the movement of vapors under the influence of solar energy from the soil and plants into the atmosphere;
• seepage - the movement of water through the soil under the influence of.

Hydrological cycle is a complex process that takes from several days to several years. The ocean is completely renewed in 3200 years, which means that all the water in it evaporates and returns back in the same period.

Interesting! If all the water that evaporates annually is distributed evenly over the entire surface, you get a layer a meter thick!

Hydrological cycle

Varieties of cycles

Scientists divide the hydrological cycle into several types, according to their scale and territory. There are 5 main types:

1. World water cycle - liquid from the oceans evaporates and falls in the form of precipitation over the mainland, and later returns to the ocean with the help of rivers and drains;
2. Small - liquid from the sea surface, evaporated under the action of the sun, returns back as precipitation;
3. Intracontinental cycle - occurs only over land;
4. The geological cycle is carried out inside the land, when the ocean communicates with underground flows;
5. Global - open, including all types of cycles.

How does the water cycle occur in nature and what are the features of each cycle. This is a unique natural phenomenon, thanks to which all life on Earth has access to nutrients.

Interesting! During the year, up to 520,000 liquids evaporate from the Earth's surface and fall back in the form of precipitation.

The world cycle in nature

Meaning

Why know hydrological cycle and its operating principles are really important? The importance of the cycle in nature is difficult to underestimate, because it:

• is a link for the entire hydrosphere;
• vital substances move around the Earth all the time, reaching the right places, nourish the soil, plants and microorganisms;
• cleans and filters the oceans;
• regulates the climate.

Irrational use of water can lead to disruption of the hydrological cycle and cause irreparable consequences for the entire Earth and its inhabitants.

How to explain this concept to children

Easy to explain to kids using simple concepts or presenting everything in the form of a fairy tale. You can show them a simple schematic diagram and tell them in an accessible way about each process depicted:

1. The water we drink is also consumed by plants and animals, because it contains many useful substances;
2. Water lives in the ocean and rivers, as well as underground;
3. The sun heats the ocean very much, and he starts to get angry. When the water in the kettle is on fire for a long time, it also gets angry and comes out through the spout. So part of the liquid in the ocean turns into vapor;
4. In the sky, steam feels lonely and clumps together. And clouds and clouds are obtained, which fly above the earth, driven by the wind;
5. The sun does not heat at night, so the steam ceases to be angry and turns back into liquid, which falls from the cloud to the ground, where it replenishes the rivers that flow into the ocean;
6. Everything repeats from the beginning.

Output

When explaining the water cycle in nature for children, do not forget about visual aids and use a boiling kettle, ice cubes and steam. The most important thing is to show that liquid is an important resource and must be treated with care. As a result, in order to understand whether the children have learned the lesson or not, it is worth asking them the question “What is the water cycle in the world?” and listen to their answers. If you explained everything well, you will get the correct answer.

Water. It is the most important element of nature. There is nothing more meditative than the sound of a wave breaking on the shore, creating a kind of melody, and soft ripples give integrity to the picture.

The possibilities of the water landscape are endless. But without tools it is impossible to understand. We are asked many questions about how we are supposed to draw it. The ripples of the waves, the reflection of the sun, the blueness of the clouds, we set aside with a brush on the canvas in order to capture all this in the picture.

Preparatory stage

How to draw water? Not everyone can organize a plein air on the spot. And not everyone knows how to draw water. Therefore, we use photographs, but we need to be aware of the limitations of their use. One such drawback is that they flatten the representation of dimensions. You cannot see what is behind the object. If you didn't take the photo, you need to take extra steps to "plug in" to the scene. You need to mentally imagine walking through this area. Do your research: Look at the photos from different angles. Feel the textures, feel the wind on your face or the water at your feet.

What should be considered when creating a picture, how to draw water?

From this article you will learn on the lake and the sea.

What you will need:

• paper;
• hard pencil (HB);
• medium soft pencil (2B);
• soft pencil(5B or below);
• pencil sharpener;
• eraser.

Draw water close up

Prepare some object. Water reveals itself by what it reflects.

Using a hard pencil, draw an outline of the reflection.

Draw a wavy pattern under the object. Remember that the farther the waves, the denser they should be to each other.

The waves intersect with each other, creating circles. They must be shaded with a simple pencil.

Cross the white areas between the shapes with thick lines.

Take a soft pencil and press hard to darken parts of the shapes. If the subject is bright, darken the details outside of its reflection. If your subject is dark, darken the parts within its reflection.

Take a soft pencil and fill in the areas between the dark shapes.

Use the same pencil to highlight some of the shadows in the reflection. If you use the swan version, then you must also add a shadow under the tail.

Take a soft pencil and use it to highlight some parts of the object.

Draw a lake, sea

Of course, first you need something that will reflect on the water.

It is very important to use the correct perspective for reflection.

Use a pencil to sketch.

Take a soft pencil and draw waves under dark objects.

The sky is very bright, so it doesn't need to be reflected.

Press even harder when painting close to the shore to make the boundary between water and land more visible.

Draw a waterfall

A waterfall is water flowing down. Therefore, we need to first create a background for it. A rock would be ideal for this purpose.

Use a hard pencil to make the shadows of the ground under the water appear very thinly on the surface of the water.

Use the same pencil to draw streams of water flowing down. If necessary, use an eraser to lighten a few shadowed details. In the "vertical" parts, don't draw the flows like simple lines, but create V-shaped drains from them downwards.

Shade the "cave" under the waterfall by filling in the space between the streams. To do this, use a soft pencil.

Make the rims of the rock ledges sparkle by highlighting parts of the streams on them.

Emphasize the flows by shading some of its parts. Make sure the V and rotated V-shaped streams are clearly visible in the painting in running water.

Take a soft pencil and emphasize some parts of the streams, especially in the shadows and next to dark objects that can be reflected by the water.

Take a hard pencil and draw the foam of the waterfall.

Draw the direction of the water moving from the center point.

Draw and fill in the water in this area using soft pencils.

Use a clean eraser to add shine to the highlights. It will highlight any of your paintings.

You can try your hand and draw a poster "Save water".

Try to capture the beauty of water in a poster. Find an idea you want to convey.

Don't know how to draw Save Water?

Here are some ideas to reflect on:

• careful attitude to water and its economical use;
• pollution protection.

It is worth reflecting on all these values ​​and capturing them on the Save Water poster. Depict what is close to you in spirit, then the result will be excellent.

How to draw the water cycle in nature

We depict the sky, water, earth and mountains on a piece of paper. We supplement with clouds, clouds. Raindrops are painted with blue paint. Add a bright yellow sun. Light wavy arrows pointing upwards depict evaporation. From them we will begin to draw a diagram of the water cycle in nature. The water evaporates and turns into clouds. We depict this with a rounded arrow. The steam then turns into droplets and falls to the ground. Shown with an arrow. Water from the mountains flows into reservoirs, the process repeats. Therefore, it was called the water cycle in nature.