Etiquette in Russia, if it has national features, is too weak, most historians testify to their absence. At first, Peter I did everything to “uproot” the traditions of the boyars, considering them obsolete and reeking of mothballs. Then the revolutionaries made a lot of efforts to destroy the traditions of the nobility as a relic of the past.

Etiquette in the Russian Empire and in the life of modern society

If in the countries of Europe the rules and norms of behavior developed naturally- from the depths of centuries, then on the land of our ancestors - exclusively by revolutionary attacks.

The founder of the history of Russian etiquette with a big stretch can be considered Peter I, who in early XVIII century, decided to eradicate the rules of the “mossy” boyar housing construction existing in Russia and introduce new standards of behavior adopted in Europe, this was a completely tangible revolutionary (and monstrous for most) coup in the world order. But it is quite obvious that it is impossible to get rid of centuries-old traditions overnight, therefore the concepts of house building in the form of fragments, nuances and ideas of “right - wrong” remained in society under Peter the Great, and some have survived to this day.

The next 200 years of tradition and etiquette in Russian Empire had the opportunity to develop evolutionarily - they crystallized gradually and logically, approaching more and more with common European standards. What is the reason for the general course of development of Russia as a European country, and the countless marriages of reigning persons with princes and princesses of European countries, who brought to the culture and traditions of the behavior of the Russian aristocracy what they themselves were taught.

However, at the beginning of the 20th century, a new revolutionary upheaval took place - the Bolshevik one. And again - an attempt to eradicate the old features of Russian etiquette and introduce new ones, invented almost on the go! So our society has lost its basic moral and ethical guidelines. Representations of “what is good, what is bad” during the period of revolution and civil war mixed and sometimes were diametrically opposed for different social strata.

And now, for almost 100 years, gentlemen, citizens and comrades have coexisted in Russia - communities in which the rules of decency are very different. Etiquette in modern life Russian society features a complex mix: the base contains the remains of European traditions, however, for most fellow citizens, layers have become familiar Soviet period– sometimes ridiculous and stupid. And what is accepted by the majority is usually considered the norm.

In fact, etiquette is the quintessence of the psychology of communication, collected by generations as the most effective system of interaction between people. This system changes over time and due to new circumstances - technological progress, emancipation, globalization, democratization, etc.

Rules of social etiquette in Russia

If we turn to the "official" formulation of the concept of "etiquette" - the rules and norms of behavior adopted in any society - then we can say unequivocally: in Russia it has European traditions in its foundation. The general rules of etiquette in Russia are as follows:

• We wear a European costume, not kaftans with kokoshnik caps.
• We greet each other with a handshake, and do not rub our noses when we meet, like the Eskimos.
• Social etiquette in Russia dictates that any contact begins with an exchange of views - otherwise communication will not come out pleasant, while in Arab countries it is considered indecent to look intently and directly into the eyes of the interlocutor.
• With us, a well-mannered man gets up when a woman enters the room and helps her, for example, take off her outer clothing or get into a comfortable chair, and in the East all this will seem strange.
• In Russia, unhurried conversation with an average level of emotions is considered “normal”, which, however, may seem overly expressive to the Bedouins of the desert and absolutely inexpressive to the inhabitants of South American countries.
• We usually eat while sitting on a chair and at a high table, we use the appliances adopted in European civilization, and only as an exotic we can drink a bowl of tea, sitting on the carpet, or pick up chopsticks in a Chinese restaurant.

But here's what's interesting: because of the last revolutionary breakdown of traditions - the abolition of many Bolshevik rules - society felt a void, which is gradually being filled. Often - the ideas of poor people about a rich life!

And today main feature etiquette in Russia lies in the fact that in a certain sense this is a “mutant-shifter” beyond logic and psychological content, it will take effort and time to put him on his feet.

It is for this reason that we - it seems, it seems, the inhabitants of a country with a European way of life - for confident behavior and the manifestation of good breeding, it is absolutely necessary to learn the norms and rules of common European etiquette. Or, at least, "check the clock" - their ideas and skills with the current European traditions.

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What to do if you are invited to dinner in another country? In some countries they are very strange ...

First you need to learn the rules of etiquette in different countries peace. Otherwise, you can not only get into an awkward situation, but also ruin your relationship with the owner of the house forever.

Why is it that in Kazakhstan they don’t pour a full cup of tea, in China you can’t cut noodles, and in Ethiopia it’s indecent to ask for a separate plate?

France: calmness, only calmness

The very word "etiquette" is of French origin. And this is no coincidence. The rules of conduct at the table, as well as the meal itself, are usually given here Special attention. It is considered bad taste in France to rush at the table. Even if you are very hungry, eat slowly. By the way, it is useful not only for the image, but also for digestion. In addition, you should not pounce on the bread that is brought before the main course. Eating it bit by bit while waiting for it to be hot is considered bad manners here.

England: social circle

The British pay great attention not only to the rules of eating, but also to communication at the table. For example, it is considered the height of indecency to raise your voice during a conversation, to brag about your achievements, and most importantly, to have a conversation with only one guest. The topic of conversation is common to the whole table, and all those present take part in the conversation. It is also considered indecent to interrupt the interlocutor - especially the guest or the head of the family.

China: size matters

Now we associate long spaghetti primarily with Italy. At the same time, according to one version, noodles appeared in Europe thanks to the traveler Marco Polo. It was he who brought her in 1292 with him from China. In China itself, noodles have been eaten for thousands of years. The first mention of it is contained in documents that are more than 2000 years old. Since then, there has been a real cult of noodles in China. She represents health and longevity. That is why table etiquette prescribes in no case cut the noodles. It is believed that in this way a person shortens his life.

Kazakhstan: the glass is half empty

In Kazakhstan, a full cup of tea is never served to a guest. Do not ask for supplements - this is considered impolite. A cup filled to the brim means that the owner wants to get you out of his house faster. The smaller the portion of tea that is poured to the guest, the more respect. In addition, tea in Kazakhstan is usually drunk from a bowl, and it is simply inconvenient to hold it in your hands if you fill it to the brim.

Thailand: Wash your hands after eating

If in Thailand they set the table with a spoon and fork, this does not mean that you were given a choice of what to eat. Particular attention should be paid to boiled rice dishes. The fork here is only used to put the rice on the spoon. True, some dishes from the northern and northeastern regions of the country should only be eaten with your hands. In them, rice has a sticky texture, and therefore, it is more difficult to take it with a fork. You can relax only if you were served a dish without rice. This food is eaten with a fork. By the way, rice is not eaten with chopsticks in Thailand. This is considered the most malicious violation of etiquette.

Chile: hands off!

In Chile, the opposite is true for hands. At the table, absolutely nothing can be eaten with your hands. Only cutlery. Even french fries. Moreover, it is worth forgetting about the well-known rule “the bird is eaten with your hands”. In Chile, you will be looked upon as a barbarian. Here, by the way, the strictest rules of etiquette among all Latin American countries.

Japan: how much in this sound

Don't be surprised if you see Japanese people munching loudly while eating noodles and soups. In this way they show their respect to the cook. The louder the champ, the better the dish turned out. By the way, the soup can be drunk directly from the bowl without even using a spoon.

Ethiopia: tortilla

In Ethiopia, it is indecent to ask for a separate plate. All guests and hosts eat from one large dish. Such are the traditions of hospitality. Food in Ethiopia is placed on a flat cake, which is called "ynjera". In addition, ingers put on the edge of the plate in order to take food with their help. Thus, the cake also acts as a fork. By the way, it is customary to take food in small portions so as not to drop too much on a common plate.

Adygea: stop, who goes

Circassians have great respect for food, so it is considered disrespectful to turn your back to the set table. For the same reason, all those gathered cannot leave the table together. At least one person must remain seated until the rest return. Usually the eldest stays. In addition, in Adygea it is not customary to refuse an invitation to dine. This may be perceived by the owner as an insult.

Nenets Autonomous Okrug: all sang

What Russian feast passes without a song? Usually, after the guests eat and drink, they begin to sing. But not everywhere. For example, among the Nenets it is strictly forbidden to sing and whistle at the table. This is considered the height of indecency. If someone suddenly sings at the table, the Nenets will remember the sign "sing everything, whistle everything."

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Nowadays, the word "etiquette" can be heard in every country.

But everywhere there are peculiarities that have been formed over many centuries. However, in the culture of any nation, they acquired their outlines depending on the traditions of communication, national characteristics and much more.

For example, guess in which country they will not communicate with you if they do not know your name? Of course, in England.

And in what country can you sing serenades under the balcony without the threat of getting a portion of cold for it?

And the friendliness and nobility of the French are simply legendary.

But, since the sun rises in the east, we, perhaps, will begin a tour of the etiquette of different countries from it.

China

This is a country of calm contemplation of life. Everything in it is merged with nature into one whole, and a person treats everything with respect. The etiquette fully reflects this.

Perhaps the most interesting tradition in China is tea drinking.

This ceremony is held in specially designated places with extraordinary solemnity and leisure.

Everyone sits around a small table and drinks tea brewed according to a certain recipe, pouring it into small cups.

At the table, there is certainly a small talk. According to Chinese etiquette, when drinking tea, you should smile and talk only about good things.

If usually all young people serve the oldest and most respected, then during this ceremony even the most important person can give a cup to another, thus equalizing his rights with everyone else.

You can also host a Chinese tea party at your home. To do this, you do not have to wait for a special holiday, you can simply invite guests on any day and chat over a cup of tea in a pleasant company.

Turkey

In Turkey, too, there are special rules of etiquette.

Women are required to wear long clothes that cover their arms and legs.

A man will not allow himself to go out in shorts even in the hottest weather (I wonder how you will feel wrapped up from head to toe in the middle of summer? And they endure!).

Italy

This country is a recognized leader in the fields of spaghetti and football.

Real Italians are impulsive and hot-tempered people who like to argue and defend their opinions with all the passion they can, even when they are wrong.

Sometimes a whole quarter is engaged in sorting out the relationship, but then everyone laughs merrily and hugs. Moreover, Italians attach great importance to gestures and facial expressions, so they express many of their emotions not only and not so much with words.

Agree, usually intense gesticulation is not approved. But not in Italy!

Spain

The features of this country are related to the climate. In hot summer days The sun shines so brightly that it is simply impossible to stay under its rays for a long time.

Therefore, during the siesta hours (from 1 pm to 5 pm), the Spaniards should not be disturbed if you do not want to be impolite.

Imagine if these rules applied to us: then we definitely wouldn’t have to go to school on the second shift or do any housework.

But maybe everything is fine, otherwise you won’t walk normally, because there’s no one on the street anyway.

Greece

In this country, it is nice to be the hostess of the house, who will definitely receive a gift from the guests who have come.

They give mostly flowers or a cake, and it is also customary to bring fresh fruit juice or homemade cheese with you. It’s great, however, to invite guests to your place: you don’t even need to set the table, because the guests will bring everything with them!

Sweden

Cleanliness and order are carefully monitored here, natural resources are protected. For garbage left after a picnic in the forest or on the banks of the river, they are subject to a large fine.

And it is better not to enter someone else's territory without an invitation.

But invited guests are always welcome here! If all people were, like the Swedes, organized and, at the same time, friendly, then the rules of etiquette could not be reminded once again.

Norway

In Norway, as in Sweden, nature is taken very seriously, every tree is taken care of.

In addition, the Norwegians are a rather calm people who do not like unnecessary fuss and noise.

Silence and order are observed in all public places. No one pushes bags at the airport or train station.

Probably, this nation has something to learn: let's take an example from the Norwegians and we will not push passers-by into the subway, even when we are in a hurry.

Great Britain

A rather strict country, famous for its pedantry and punctuality. If you are late even for 1 minute, you will immediately discover your bad manners and disrespect for others.

And with visits it is even more difficult: first you will receive a nice invitation to a meeting in the mail, you will respond to it on an even nicer postcard.

You will come, sit for half an hour, bow out and go home.

But that's not all - then you need to thank the hostess in writing for the good reception.

Such a number will not work with us: do you yourself like to run twice to the post office for the sake of a half-hour party (first to answer the invitation, and then to express gratitude to the hosts)?

Denmark

In Denmark, each owner takes very good care of his home.

You walk down the street and you see rows of beautiful and neat houses on both sides.

Tiled roofs of houses look very elegant and festive.

This is how the Danes live, leading a calm, measured lifestyle.

They are not as punctual as the British (you are allowed to be late for an informal meeting for

France

The French are very educated and delicate people, they are polite and friendly, talkative and tactful. It is customary for girls to give flowers, even if there are no holidays.

Imagine that for a birthday, the guests themselves send bouquets of flowers and set the time of their (!) visit.

Do you think that flowers in our life are a fairly common phenomenon and people have always given them to each other?

It wasn't there! It turns out that this custom came to us from the medieval

Gallant men compared ladies to the flowers they brought with them on a date. Since then, this wonderful tradition has appeared.

Russia

In our country, too, there is a special etiquette. It took quite a long time to build up. Modern norms of behavior are very reminiscent of merchant etiquette.

You may kiss your beloved girlfriends on the cheek when you meet. Have you ever wondered where this custom came from? It originated in Russia.

Then it was customary to kiss people you liked three times on the cheek when greeting. And here is another example of modern Russian etiquette.

Russian people are very hospitable people.

And it doesn’t matter at all what time of the day and night a guest came to you, with an invitation or a sudden outburst of emotions, you still have to accept him (unless, of course, you are in a very hurry), listen and advise something, if necessary. .

But in general, it is already your own business - to let the guest in or not.

As you can see, in every country of our vast world have their own rules of conduct. But they do not completely change the generally accepted norms. In order to win over a person of any nationality, it is not at all necessary to thoroughly study the traditions of all countries (a lifetime is not enough for this!), It is enough to be polite and follow the normal of human communication.

Traveling abroad always gives us new discoveries, new feelings, and if we're lucky, new friends. Everyone knows that you can gain trust and respect by strictly following the main rule of conduct in a foreign country:

Going to another country, you need to get acquainted with its traditions and customs. This is not only useful (because it will help you avoid embarrassing situations), but also interesting and educational. Judge for yourself.

In England, for example, great value given to formalities. They are observed in everything: in correspondence, when meeting, at the table, etc. You should not, for example, address someone by their first name unless you have received their express permission to do so. Talking about business with an Englishman after the end of the working day is considered bad form. At the table, you can not address strangers if you are not introduced to them, and also put your hands on the table. Kissing the hand of women and shaking hands with men is not accepted.

In France, it should be remembered that French cuisine is considered the subject of national pride. Feel free to praise any dish or drink - this will only be welcome. Leaving food on the plate is not customary, and if you want to salt the dish to your liking, be aware that this may be regarded as disrespectful to the hosts. Most suitable topics for table talk there can be performances, exhibitions, books, tourist attractions of the city and the country. If you, going to visit, decide to present flowers to the hostess of the house, remember that white flowers and chrysanthemums in France are considered a symbol of sorrow.

In Germany, special attention will be paid to your punctuality. Punctuality and strict regulation affect everywhere. The Germans have a habit of painting both business and private life by the day and by the hour. An invitation to visit is a sign of special respect. A man can present a bouquet to the hostess, but first it should be unwrapped. Coming to the house, it is also customary to give small gifts to children.

In Japan, life is simply full of various ceremonies and subject to strict protocol, so you need to be extremely polite. When you want to give a Japanese a small gift, give it with both hands as a sign of respect. This is especially important when meeting with a person who occupies a high position. Before entering a Japanese house, you must take off your shoes. Instead of shaking hands, the Japanese bow low. It is not customary to sit cross-legged here: this is a sign that the thoughts and statements of the interlocutor do not interest you. Having made an appointment for you, the Japanese will definitely come two minutes before the specified time.

The usual form of greeting in China is a slight bow. Handshakes are also common. After a business meeting, you will probably be invited to a restaurant, where they will persuade you to try some exotic dish. If you are not even ready for this, try to eat at least a small piece. Clothes in China are not attached of great importance. A suit with a tie is required only at official receptions. If you are invited to a Chinese house, then come a little early. Avoid giving expensive gifts. The gift should be accepted with both hands.

Muslim countries are characterized general rules etiquette due religious beliefs. five times a day in Muslim countries work is interrupted for prayer (prayer). Arriving at the house of a Muslim, do not be surprised if he kisses you on both cheeks - this is the national custom. Moreover, you must return the same and also greet him with a kiss. Remember that Muslims do not eat pork or drink alcohol.

In Pakistan and some other Islamic countries, only right hand. The left one is considered so unclean that even if you accidentally touch food with it, the owner will immediately order the dish of food to be taken away from the table (this does not apply to a vessel with water). When meeting on the street, Muslims confine themselves to shaking hands.

In Arab countries, when visiting, you cannot sit down so that the soles of your shoes are visible to the host - this is considered indecent. A man cannot touch a woman. If you drink a cup of coffee and give it to the owner, he will immediately pour more into it. And so it will be until you alone drink all the coffee from one coffee pot. If you don't want to drink anymore, then shake the cup from side to side or turn it upside down.

In addition to special rules of conduct, each country has its own sign language.

In Holland, turning the index finger at the temple means that someone said a witty phrase. Speaking about himself, a European will show his hand to his chest, and a Japanese - to his nose. A ring formed by the thumb and forefinger in the USA means that everything is going well, in Japan - money, in France - zero, and in Portugal it is considered obscene.

Italian man expresses disbelief by tapping index finger on the nose. This gesture in Holland means that the speaker or the one being talked about is intoxicated.

respect the hosts and adequately represent their homeland.

Raised up in Arab countries thumb considered to be indecent behavior.

When a Frenchman or an Italian knocks himself on the head with his finger, it means that they think some idea is stupid. If a British or Spaniard slaps his forehead with his hand, he will show others that he is pleased with himself. With the same gesture, the German will express his extreme indignation towards someone.

When the Frenchman is delighted with something, he connects the tips of three fingers, brings them to his lips and, raising his chin high, sends a gentle kiss into the air. If he rubs the base of his nose with his index finger, this means that he does not trust the person they are talking about.

A) English etiquette. For the English, it is considered the height of bad manners to talk with your hands in your pockets. The British try to avoid gesticulation, but if this is necessary, then the palm should be turned towards you.

You should not address strangers until you are introduced to them. And when greeting even close acquaintances in England, it is customary to call their titles of nobility.

When meeting a lady, they do not kiss her hand. By the way, this should not be done in Holland, Portugal, Spain, USA. The English handshake is easy, quick, energetic.

In public places, do not stare at strangers. This is considered indecent.

When meeting the question: “How are you?” (“How are you?”) is the answer: “I’m fine? And you? “(How are you?”), this communication can be completed. When parting, you should not say anything other than: "See you."

It is customary to call the English only the inhabitants of England, and the Scots, Irish and Welsh (Welsh) can also be called British.

The British are conservative in their behavior at the table:

Devices are not shifted from hand to hand;

Hands should lie only on the knees, and not on the table;

Tips cannot be shown in a restaurant; they should be discreetly placed under the edge of the plate;

The traditional English breakfast is eggs, bacon, sausage, fried tomatoes, mushrooms, donuts, smoked herring;

The British consider roast beef, lamb, pork with fried potatoes(potatoes are the main ingredient of lunch);

The meal ends with pudding;

In England one cannot refuse an invitation to come in for a cup of tea;

Favorite Indian tea is served with milk and sugar. During the tea party, you will definitely be told how best to prepare this drink. Chinese tea has long been considered the most refined;

No less than tea, the British value sandwiches;

Being invited to tea, you should arrive at exactly the appointed time. Early arrival, as well as being late, are considered equally indecent.

B) American etiquette simpler than English.

A wide smile is an indispensable element of greeting and any appeal.

A handshake is rather an element of official relations.

Women shake hands only at the first meeting or during the reception.

In public transport, it is not customary to give way to women, they may consider themselves deprived, as they strive for gender equality.

You should not visit your American friends without an invitation. Being late for a solemn event is considered extremely tactless.

Americans do not understand hints; when talking, all things should be called by their proper names.

Americans, especially young people, do not shine with refined manners. Not only do young Americans not know which fork to use at a dinner party, but they generally prefer not to use a fork. But more and more attention in the United States began to be paid to rational nutrition.

Americans prefer coarsely chopped vegetable and fruit salads. And the first courses - puree soups, fruit soups, etc. are more often eaten in the evening.

Second courses - beef, veal, pork, chicken, turkey, not a side dish - stewed beans, green beans, green peas, corn, boiled, fried potatoes. Dessert - puddings, compotes, fresh fruits, oranges, whipped cream.

C) Italian etiquette. At the beginning of the conversation, Italians ask about the health of children, and then about adults. They turn to the man “signor”, ​​and to the woman - “signora”, to the girl - “señorita”. "Chao" is a universal greeting and parting.

In Italy, punctuality is not a mandatory quality. As a rule, the norm is a delay of 15 minutes, and a half-hour delay is considered unacceptable.

The Italian feast is generous: at least 5 appetizers, first courses of pasta and rice ingredients, then a second course of meat or fish with a side dish of vegetables, then cheese, dessert, which ends with Expresso coffee. Meals last from 2 to 5 hours.

Italians drink predominantly young local wine with food. But today Italy occupies one of the first places in the consumption of whiskey.

D) German etiquette distinguished by punctuality and clarity. It is customary to arrange a meeting in advance.

It is customary to address you as evidence of close friendship. In a formal setting, it is customary to call the title of the person you are addressing. If the title is unknown, then you can use the appeal: "Herr Doktor".

The Germans shake hands in the following cases: at a meeting, at parting, with agreement and disagreement. As a sign of friendly disposition, the hand is held as long as possible. If a German squeezes his hand, it means that he likes you.

When answering a phone call, Germans usually give their name.

To the question: "How are you?" should not be answered in the same way as ours - “Normal”, but in detail, without missing details.

Germans say what they think, including what they don't like. If you were invited to a restaurant or guests, then you should come with a gift: flowers, souvenirs, etc. An invitation to a house is a sign of special respect. Verbal abuse leads to a complete breakdown of the relationship.

In Germany, Nazi symbols are strictly prohibited: a wave of a hand, a swastika, combinations, a combination of three fingers in the form of the letter "W", etc.

D) Japanese etiquette is unique in its own way. Business culture is determined primarily by collectivism, based on traditional communal consciousness, the identification of employees with the company. The collectivist nature of labor largely determines the “bottom-up” style of managerial decision-making. Collectivism is manifested in the same working clothes of ordinary employees and managers, in joint leisure activities. Almost all firms have moral codes, and although they are not formal attributes, their requirements are met in good faith. The Japanese avoid contradictions and conflicts, strive for compromises. Conflicts are resolved not so much with the use of legal laws and lawyers, but through negotiations in order to find an agreement. In business ethics, diligence and diligence are highly valued. The Japanese are punctual and almost never late for meetings. A characteristic feature of the Japanese is sensitivity to public opinion, extreme precision and commitment. Shaking hands when meeting in Japan is not accepted.

During negotiations, the Japanese pay great attention to the development of personal relationships with partners. During informal meetings, they try to discuss the problem in as much detail as possible. In the course of the negotiations themselves, attempts are made to avoid clashes of positions. The Japanese often show attention by listening to the interlocutor. Often such behavior is interpreted as an expression of agreement with the stated point of view. In fact, they only encourage the interlocutor to continue. The desire of the Japanese not to use the word "no" and use the word "yes" in the sense that you are being listened to, a person who does not know about this can be misleading. A foreigner familiar with Japanese etiquette will see a refusal in the words "It's difficult", in a reference to feeling unwell, etc., and consent in the words "I understand." The decision-making mechanism of the Japanese involves a rather lengthy process of agreeing and approving certain provisions. Patience is considered one of the main virtues in Japan, so the discussion of business issues often begins with minor details, and goes very slowly. The Japanese do not like to take risks, and the desire not to lose can be stronger than the desire to win. When the Japanese meet with an obvious concession from their partners, they often respond in kind. The Japanese are extremely scrupulous and take their obligations very seriously.

E) Chinese etiquette usually clearly distinguishes between the individual stages of the negotiation process: the initial clarification of positions, their discussion, the final stage. On the initial stage Much attention is paid to the appearance of partners, their behavior. Based on these data, attempts are made to determine the status of each of the participants. In the future, and to a large extent, there is an orientation towards people with a higher status, both official and unofficial. The final decisions are made by the Chinese side, as a rule, not at the negotiating table, but at home. The approval of the agreements reached by the center is almost mandatory. The Chinese make concessions, as a rule, at the end of negotiations, after they evaluate the possibilities of the other side. At the same time, the mistakes made by the partner during the negotiations are skillfully used. The Chinese side attaches great importance to the implementation of the agreements reached.

G) Arabic etiquette requires observance of Islamic traditions. In the month of Ramadan, a Muslim is not allowed to eat anything from sunrise to sunset. Receptions should not be held in the first month of the Muslim New Year. All affairs are interrupted five times a day for prayer, Thursday or Friday for Muslims is a day of rest and service to God. It is forbidden to consume pork and alcohol. It is not necessary to start a conversation with representatives of the Islamic world about religion or politics. You must be at the appointed place on time, although your host may be late. Arabs are likely to find it difficult to do business with women.

For Arabs, one of the most important elements in negotiations is the establishment of trust between partners. They prefer a preliminary study of the details of the issues discussed at the negotiations, as well as "bargaining" at the negotiating table. They always try to reserve the opportunity to continue contacts if this time an agreement could not be reached (in this case, the refusal of the transaction is accompanied by lavish praise on the partner and the rejected agreement).