Analyzing the content and method of presentation of Dostoevsky's works, M.M. Bakhtin in his studies noted that the writer was able to convey the inner world of the characters in such a way that the holistic structure of the novel was polyphony. In a coordinated form, the work by verbal means expressed not just one idea, creatively born in the mind of the author, on the contrary, the plurality of internal images that determine the worldview of completely different people - the heroes of the novel, was combined with that integral unity, which is called the search for the meaning of life. A feature of the presentation of F.M. Dostoevsky lies in the understanding that each person is a whole Universe, therefore the path of searching for the meaning of life is a unique, inimitable process that can be carried out within the framework of one work, as well as within the historical boundaries of being, in different, sometimes contradictory, ways.

The writer's novel "Demons" is no exception. However, the problem of the meaning of the personal existence of the heroes is directly related to the search for a way of social, state reorganization, which would help to realize the personal meaning as well. In this case, the central characters of the novel, namely the central ones, and not the main ones, since, according to M.M. Bakhtin, in the works of Dostoevsky there are no minor characters, are Pyotr Verkhovensky and Nikolai Stavrogin. The characterization of P. Verkhovensky, which the author gives, is ambiguous and contradictory, which expresses the internal inconsistency of the hero's consciousness: “No one will say that he is bad-looking, but no one likes his face. His head is elongated towards the back of the head and, as it were, flattened from the sides, so that his face seems sharp. His forehead is high and narrow, but his features are small; his eyes are sharp, his nose is small and pointed, his lips are long and thin ... He walks and moves hastily, but is in no hurry anywhere. It seems that nothing can embarrass him; under all circumstances and in whatever society it will remain the same. There is great self-satisfaction in him, but he himself does not notice it in himself at all ... His reprimand is surprisingly clear; his words flow like even, large grains, always picked up and always ready for your service. At first you like it, but then it becomes disgusting, and it is precisely from this too clear reprimand, from this bead of eternally ready words. You somehow begin to imagine that the tongue in his mouth must be of some special shape, some especially long and thin, terribly red and with an extremely sharp, constantly and involuntarily twisting tip. The characteristic of appearance, harmoniously combined with the representation of the manner of behavior and communication, clearly indicates the inner world of the hero. Pleasant, but not liked by anyone, disposed to dialogue, but at the same time repulsive, Pyotr Verkhovensky himself does not evaluate himself as a self-satisfied and narcissistic person, personifying the moral and political center, in relation to which the revolutionary idea of ​​the new system and the principles of its leadership is formed. Revealing the main management structures, the young man frankly expresses their value assessment in the dialogue that took place between him and Stavrogin after visiting “ours” - a meeting of people who, suppressed by the will of Verkhovensky, formed a circle of “like-minded people”. After listening to Shigalev's proposal on the post-revolutionary structure of society, in which the bulk of the population are slaves, forming a dumb herd, which will be controlled by people like Verkhovensky, this latter declares: “He (Shigalev - S.K.) well in a notebook, he has espionage. With him, each member of society looks one after another and is obliged to denounce. Everyone belongs to everyone, and everything belongs to everyone. All slaves are equal even in slavery... Only the essentials are necessary - that is the motto of the globe from now on. But a spasm is also needed; we, the rulers, will take care of it. Slaves must have rulers. Complete obedience, complete impersonality ... ". Pyotr Verkhovensky sees his role in creating a new state system only in that, having taken a leading position, he provides a “convulsion” for the slaves, makes them afraid and, on the basis of fear, brings up complete obedience and humility. However, Peter is not going to implement this principle of leadership for his own sake, acting only as an active executor and devoted "apostle" of another person. Despite the fact that the sign of the devil in the narrative indicates the language of the hero, which, according to the description, is similar to that of a snake, Verkhovensky cannot be called the herald of the devil - the Antichrist, although there are several other indications of this mask of the hero in the novel: firstly, his prodigal origin. Not ashamed, the young man announces to his father Stepan Trofimovich that he has seen his mother's letters, in which she herself doubts who to attribute the paternity of her son to, alluding to an intimate relationship with a Pole who was passing by and once staying in their house. The image of Pyotr Stepanovich most likely resembles the magician-miracle worker Apollonius from the story of the Antichrist by Vl. Solovyov. This man, according to the description, had a mystical knowledge of the East, as well as knowledge of the latest technical means available to the civilized world of Europe. “So,” writes Vl. Solovyov, - this man will come to the great emperor (Antichrist - S.K.), bow to him as a great son of God, ..., and offer himself and all his art to his service. Invisibly manipulating, the magician, having called lightning from heaven, sent it to the elder John, who recognized the Antichrist in everyone's favorite emperor. The old man's death came instantly. Pyotr Verkhovensky also imperceptibly manages the situation in the city. Deliberately alluding to the existing network of revolutionary cells, the swindler offers to hand them over to Governor Lembka within six days, during which there is an uprising of the workers of the Shpigulin factory, a finely planned brawl of the townspeople at a ball patronized by the governor's wife, as well as a major fire in one of the districts of the city where they were two mysterious murders were committed. When Pyotr Stepanovich is openly accused of perjury, he does not even retract his words, declaring that he was misunderstood. By distorting the meaning of earlier speeches, Verkhovensky brings Lembke to the point of losing his common sense. The lie that came out of the mouth of the young man is another evidence that confirms the diabolical orientation of his will, which sought to embody the ideal of the “anti-Christ” state as a result of his fulfilling, “apostolic” activity.

By what methods does Verkhovensky propose to bring closer the future "fair" socio-political structure of the state? As he himself declares, it is necessary, first of all, to undermine all the moral and religious foundations of society, to compromise officials, people in power, to destroy all the ties that hold the various strata of society in the unity of a whole and more or less harmonious monarchical system. “Listen, we will first start a turmoil,” Verkhovensky hurried terribly, every minute grabbing Stavrogin by the left sleeve. “Do you know that we are already terribly strong now?” Ours are not the only ones that cut and burn and make classic shots or bite. I'm a swindler, not a socialist, ha ha! Listen, I have counted them all: the teacher who laughs at their God and at their cradle is already ours. A lawyer who defends an educated killer by the fact that he is more developed than his victims and, in order to get money, could not help but kill, is already ours. And, anticipating the moment of approaching the complete moral collapse of the country, Pyotr Stepanovich further prophesies: “The people are drunk, mothers are drunk, children are drunk, churches are empty. Oh, let a generation grow! The only pity is that there is no time to wait, otherwise let them become even drunker ... ". Verkhovensky acted not only as a secret, magical organizer of crimes, but he himself was a direct participant in them. At the gate of the fence of the church, which stood in the center of the city, there was an icon of the Virgin. Pyotr Stepanovich not only personally participated in her abduction, but, as it turned out at the end of the story, he planted a mouse in the holy place of the icon, although a rumor was spread around the city that one of “ours” - Lyamshin planted the mouse. In describing this crime, one cannot but pay attention to the dialogue that took place between Verkhovensky and Fedka the convict, who participated in the theft. Exposing his former master as an idolater who rejected his father's faith in God the Creator, Fedka confesses and repents of his crime: “You see, Pyotr Stepanovich, I tell you it is true that I ripped off; but I only took off the zenchug, and how do you know, maybe my tear before the crucible of the Almighty was transformed at that very moment, for some offense of mine, since there is exactly this orphan, not even having a vital refuge ... And you let the mouse go, it means that he insulted the very finger of God. As it turns out later, Fedka the convict was mysteriously killed. The mystery is explained by the fact that no one in the city knew about his whereabouts and movements, so the corpse of the former serf Verkhovensky found on the road was associated with something mystical for all residents of the city.

S.A. wrote about the inconsistency and paradoxical harmony of the Russian soul, the bearer of which in the novel is Fedka. Askoldov: “In the composition of every soul there is a beginning sacred, specifically human and bestial. Perhaps the greatest originality of the Russian soul lies, in our opinion, in the fact that the average, specifically human principle in it is disproportionately weak in comparison with the national psychology of other peoples. In a Russian person as a type, the most powerful are the beginnings sacred and bestial» . The holy principle in man was based not on the will, but on a religious feeling, which was expressed in patience, humility, in co-crucifixion with Christ by one's sufferings. Such a fertile gift, combined with a poorly developed will, according to S.A. Askoldov, justified "some disregard for the moral law", explained "the possibility of being" the fullness of abomination "and at the same time being enlightened by religious light" . Verkhovensky, on the contrary, embodies a specifically human principle, the fundamental principles of which were laid down in this young man abroad in the form of a humanistic ideal, directed in his strong-willed aspiration to create a kingdom of “grace” on earth, in material and natural reality. However, his inner world, being ancestral roots connected with the Slavic cultural tradition, could not fully absorb the image of humanism and split into bestial and holy. The latter, breaking away from everything divinely enlightening, gradually faded away, and the victorious bestial principle found its expression in actions and deeds that in no way corresponded to those humanistic principles, in relation to which, it would seem, the formation of the hero’s consciousness took place.

The final moral fall of Verkhovensky, as well as that of the members of the “ours” five, occurs at the moment the decision is made at the meeting to kill Shatov, a man who, recognizing the essential meaning of revolutionary ideals, their rottenness, meaningful emptiness, renounced his worldview delusion. The initiator of the death sentence for Shatov was, of course, Pyotr Stepanovich. There was a hint in the text, expressed by Kirillov, that Verkhovensky could not forgive a personal insult - a spit in the face when, with his false arguments, as well as threats, he tried to stop Shatov from repenting. Pyotr Stepanovich, having lied that they former comrade denounced them, decided to “finally seal the five” with blood and “instead of presenting the fact in a decent light, ..., he only exposed rude fear and a threat to his own skin.” The animal nature released in people, expressed in this case by the instinct of self-preservation, demanded its leader, who “had to create discipline and order forcibly by intimidation and various means of coercion. It is no coincidence that the principle of the existence of the "five" is not subject to organic unity, but, as S.A. Askoldov, analyzing the revolutionary movement, "acquires a contradictory character, since this form seeks to solder into one whole that which is irresistibly crumbling in different directions." After the murder of Shatov and the departure of Verkhovensky, the “five” broke up: Liputin fled, leaving his family and without saying a word to anyone, he was found two weeks later in St. . Lyamshin, unable to bear the pangs of conscience, went to inform the police. Virginsky was taken after Lyamshin's denunciation and, overjoyed, said "From the heart fell." The youngest member of the "five" cornet Erkel, in love with Verkhovensky as the ideal of a revolutionary, was the only one either silent or perverting the truth, covering, as he thought from humane motives, the evil deeds of his leader. Many testimonies of F.M. Dostoevsky, which he cites in the description of the active nature of Peter Verkhovensky, unequivocally point to his diabolical essence: this is the image of a “serpentine” language in the form, and the falsity of speeches, and a hint of prodigal origin, and his own desecration of a holy place, organization and direct participation in murders. However, the antichrist in the essential, meaningful understanding of this hero cannot be called. This is due to the fact that Pyotr Stepanovich does not love himself, he lacks a reflexive egoistic perception of his individuality, moreover, this hero does not have an inner world as the basis of an egoistic individuality. We find confirmation of our thought in the text of the novel. Verkhovensky considers himself only an organizer-forerunner, an "apostle" who will be followed by "Ivan Tsarevich" or the true Antichrist in the person of Stavrogin. “Stavrogin, you are handsome! cried Pyotr Stepanovitch, almost in ecstasy. - ... I love beauty. I am a nihilist, but I love beauty. Don't nihilists love beauty? They just don't like idols, but I love an idol! You are my idol! You do not offend anyone, but everyone hates you; you look equal to everyone, and everyone is afraid of you, it’s good ... It doesn’t mean anything to you to sacrifice your life, both your own and someone else’s ... I, I just need someone like you ... You are the leader, you are the sun, and I am your worm. At the end of his fiery speech, Verkhovensky takes Stavrogin's hand and kisses it. So is Vl. Solovyov in his literary work « short story about the Antichrist”, revealing the essence of the superman-antichrist, writes the following: “Recognizing in himself the great strength of the spirit, he was always a convinced spiritualist, and a clear mind always showed him the truth of what he should believe in: goodness, God, the Messiah. In this he believed, but I loved only one myself" .

The question remains unresolved: how did Stavrogin himself evaluate his position, knowing what role Verkhovensky prepared for him in the future fate of Russia? This question can be answered with the words of A.S. Askoldov, who figuratively calls people like Stavrogin "colorless, pale sickness." Such people, possessing remarkable abilities, cannot creatively transform their lives, as well as change the fate of their loved ones. In his last letter to Darya Pavlovna, Nikolai Stavrogin writes: “I tried my strength everywhere ... But what to apply this strength to - that’s what I have never seen, I don’t see now ... I still, as always before, I can wish to do good business and I feel pleasure from it, next to me I wish evil and I also feel pleasure. But both feelings are still always too small, and never very much. My desires are too weak; I can't manage..." The potential, unrealized essence of this man, equally prone to good and evil, was intuitively felt by Verkhovensky, trying to seduce him with the ideals of revolutionary humanism and thereby direct him along the path of immoral, evil formation. Undoubtedly, if Pyotr Stepanovich succeeded, Nikolai would become a strong and uncompromising leader, the creator of a new political worldview, its basic ideological principles, the creator of revolutionary methods, the active implementation of which would become the competence of Pyotr Verkhovensky. Liza and Darya Pavlovna, on the contrary, sought to see in Stavrogin a kind but unhappy person, offering for his moral improvement not only their own body, like Liza, but also their own life, like Darya Pavlovna. The image of Nikolai Vsevolodovich as a “pale sickness”, whose inner world is filled with suffering that has lost its meaning, “generates despondency, one of the deadly sins. It is a direct path to non-existence. A despondent creature usually seeks to commit suicide by hanging, ”wrote N.O. Lossky. And so it happened.

dostoevsky hero novel demons

Literature

• 1. Askoldov S.A. Religious Meaning of the Russian Revolution//Cit. on: Antichrist. Anthology. - M., 1995.
• 2. Bakhtin M.M. The idea in the work of F.M. Dostoevsky. - M.,. 2003.
• 3. Dostoevsky F.M. Demons. - M., 2005.
• 4. Lossky N.O. On the nature of Satan (according to Dostoevsky) / / Cit. on: Antichrist. Anthology. - M., 1995.
• 5. Soloviev V.S. Three Conversations on War, Progress and the End of World History//Coll. op. in 2 vols. T. 2. M.: THOUGHT. 1988.
• 6. Askoldov, S.A. Religious meaning of Russian revolution // Antichrist. Anthology. 1995.
• 7. Bahtin, M.M. Idea in Dostoevsky F.M. work. Moscow. 2003.
• 8. Dostoevsky, F.M. Demons. Moscow. 2005.
• 9 Lossky, N.O. About demon nature (by Dostoevsky)// Antichrist. Anthology. 1995.
• 10. Soloviev, V.S. Three conversations about war, progress and the world history end // Collected works in two volumes / Volume 2. Moscow: Idea. 1988.

The decomposed and warped West is also dragging us down with all its might, into the abyss of animal life and lower astral habits and interests. If we do not understand the destructiveness of this, then we will also turn into unpretentious intelligent animals ...

Every adult, free person chooses his own path. A child comes into this world clean, with wide-open eyes. He is not yet able to choose his own path, he is not yet familiar with our world. We show him this way: mom, dad, society. What is the way we show our children?

The molestation and corruption of minor children, discrimination against the institution of the family is the principle policy of our state. Silencing this policy, while exposing the existing insane picture without (s)limits, is dooming the people to blind, desperate extinction. And our people need to know this course of the state, because. this knowledge will give guidance, will be able to mobilize people to fight for their property - children. And as long as propaganda of depravity flows in a continuous stream, no one will be able to prove the opposite. Because the state pursues either a policy of corruption or a policy of preventing corruption. There cannot be a third.

Virginity, morality, purity of children are core values which are treasured by every state thinking about the future. And only an insane state will destroy these values ​​and allow them to do this with their children. Or a state ruled by the enemies of its own people.

Why do people allow themselves to be treated like this? A nation that has always been invincible to enemies? And the trail of glory of the victories of our ancestors still saves the lives of sailors. Somali pirates, seeing the flag of the USSR, often refuse to seize the ship, realizing that the ship is guarded by the Russians. And it doesn't matter how many Russians there are. They know one thing Russians don't give up they will fight to their last breath. So what happened to our people? Why do we live under the influence of a sleeping pill, why do we allow ourselves to be blinded, covering up this blindness with a deadly stereotype: “We have no right to prevent others from doing what they want”?

We are deceived by the stereotype of mirage freedom.

And the reaction of people to the important information that they are trying to convey to those who have already understood where “legs grow from” never ceases to amaze. Basically, initially the information is not perceived, it is rejected with the conviction: “This cannot be!” People do not believe, or rather, I would even say do not want to believe their own eyes. Because any accepted such information makes you think. And almost everyone understands that this is true. And people who allow themselves not only to listen, but hear, begin to respond to this information with actions. And this is work, and this hearing can drastically change lives. And it won't be easy. That's why units allow themselves hear.

After all, we quite often hear the phrase: “It’s best not to know this, but just live. It's easier that way." I myself have heard this many times. Yes, I agree it's easier. But then, when warnings about some events turn into statements of facts, few people think that everything could have been prevented by showing minimal courage and making a decision. hear. But even more shocking, unwillingness to see already obvious and egregious.

No one is surprised by the already rapidly increasing number of teenagers drinking alcohol on every corner, smoking on an already uncontrolled scale and swearing without embarrassment. It surprises no one that the age of these same teenagers, leading the early, often ugly sexual life . Society is getting used to it. It becomes the norm in our lives. This is taken for granted.

Sometimes someone can be indignant at the blatant depravity of the youth, throwing a few condemning words, and the matter does not go beyond this indignation. And just seeing how corruption touches them own children, some parents often begin to sound the alarm. And many parents simply do not notice this. I would even say - don't want to notice. I became a witness to the conversation two six year olds in kindergarten. I will describe this case:

The boy is sitting on a bench and a girl comes up to him, sits next to him, and, like a real adult coquette woman, hugs him by the shoulders, saying languidly seductive voice:

- I want sex with you.

The boy moves away from her, tries to escape from her embrace and says in a far from childish voice:

“I don't want sex with you.

The girl repeated this phrase three times as she approached different parties She just circled around him. And the boy also repeated his phrase three times. At the same time, he did not look like a wary child who did not understand what they wanted from him. Apparently, he had some associations of his own with this word.

Why has our society come to the point where such talk six year olds began to be taken lightly? Some parents even find such conversations quite amusing. They rejoice at the fact that their children are already grown up. Tell me, how can zombie parents raise free children? Who can they educate? The same zombies as they are! They lay to children the information with which they themselves are zombified daily.

Our children are massively influenced by cartoons that put non-childish images in their heads, and films with sex scenes that influence and form sexually active children at a young age. Here is the result of one psychological study.

Most girls are six years old already see themselves as sexual objects. An experiment was conducted using paper dolls. This made it possible to find out the attitude of girls aged 6-9 to the issue of sexuality. So, two dolls were dressed in a sexy way, and the rest were in loose clothes. The participants in the experiment had to choose a doll that looked like themselves, a doll that they would like to be like, and a doll that was associated with a popular girl in school. Of the 60 participants, 68% chose a sex doll, answering the question of how they themselves want to look. 72% admitted: this doll is more popular. In the mind of the child, sexuality was closely linked to popularity, according to the study leader.

Debauchery zombies the subconscious of our children at an ever earlier age.

Walking with my child on the playground, I have heard more than once how many mothers say that they will adapt their children to new conditions in very original ways. They themselves plan to give alcohol to drink, they themselves plan to treat the children to the first cigarette and they themselves will tell their children how to use contraceptives as soon as possible. They are guided by the statement: “Let it be like everyone else, I don’t want my son (my daughter) to stand out in some way. I will help my child to be as everybody to make it easier for him." This is them main mistake.

According to the results of many studies, it becomes clear that children whose parents themselves offered to try the "taste" modern life, many times more vulnerable to the promoted corruption. The state creates only appearance of care about the future of the nation, about the morality of children. There is an allegedly open "propaganda" of morality and hidden sinister propaganda of debauchery. This is an invisible genocide of our people for the main, most of the population.

And one more fact, confirming the policy of corruption of children by the state, or rather, by those who hide behind it. autumn small town in the Kyiv region visited a mobile children's amusement park, as usual, housed in a city park. Passing by, I was shocked by the next picture. Most of the attractions featured aggressive pictures of boys and girls, half-naked girls. Moreover, these girls were frankly visible certain intimate parts of the body. There was a song playing English language, while the number of words "sex" in this song, to some extent, even me was zombified. It just didn't get out of my head for a while.

Now think about it. Who looked at these pictures and listened to the music? Little kids up to 5 years old! No one paid attention to the pictures, no one looked closely at them, except for these little children. They stared wide-eyed at the images and bounced around in their wheelchairs. But we know how music and illustrated material influence the formation of the horizons of children and their knowledge of the world, and How dangerous is it for them?. Where did the city authorities look when giving permission to place such an amusement park? After all, children are the most vulnerable to information, it easily enters their subconscious, forming their worldview. And then in 10 years, parents will hardly recognize their children when their children begin to apply in their lives all the inherent skills in practice.

We also know how full of erotic content the Internet is, and how accessible the Internet is now to children. The period of formation of sexuality is childhood and adolescence. Considering the easy availability of such information and the unformed psyche of children, consider how much we can destroy sexuality and cripple children for the rest of their lives.

Our society is rapidly degrading. Each generation is more degraded than the previous one, and this acceleration is accelerating at an unimaginable pace. We must think not only about ourselves, about our souls, but also about other people, about our Motherland, about our people. And our debt- to save the nation from destruction, from extinction, to protect our heritage, our children. This is the duty to the Motherland, to our ancestors who shed their blood for our land, for us, for our lives. Thanks to their feat, we live. And this is also our duty to future generations, who will either hate us, dying out like the last goyim, or will be proud of us.

By allowing our children to be destroyed, we destroying life itself we are destroying ourselves, our Motherland. If there are no our children, there will be neither us nor the memory of us as a people. And the descendants of those whom we allow ourselves to destroy now will despise our warped descendants, ridiculing and spitting on them as the descendants of the "great Russ".

Part 1. Ten main problems of life on Earth

LIFE IS THE MIRACLE OF MIRACLES CREATED AND LOVED BY GOD.

According to the author, for the first time on planet Earth in the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, ten major interconnected problems of life on Earth arose, which individually and in a certain combination or all together at the same time can lead humanity to complete destruction. At the same time, some of them are global problems, while others are planetary. It is they who, in the main, determine each future world order and the corresponding world order on the planet.

Chapter 1. The problem of the moral degradation of mankind on Earth

Unfortunately, the moral degradation of people has become the main distinctive feature humanity of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st and ranks first among the 10 main problems of life on Earth, as it is one of the root causes of the negative consequences of many other vital problems on our planet.

It is known that the concept of "morality" is morality, special form public consciousness and the type of social relations (moral relations); one of the main ways to regulate the actions of a person in society with the help of the norms of his behavior. Unlike a simple custom or tradition, moral norms receive an ideological justification in the form of ideals of good and evil. Unlike law, the fulfillment of the requirements of morality is authorized only by forms of spiritual influence (public assessment, approval or condemnation).

It should be said that there is a fundamental difference between the morality of society and the morality of the person (individual) himself, based on the internal law of the Lord God-conscience and the external law of our Creator - the observance of His commandments that strengthen the internal law and save people's lives.

Everyone knows that morality is imposed on a person by society, therefore, in different countries with different political and economic systems, there are different norms of social behavior. However, as you know, these norms may conflict with the moral norms of people's behavior, formed on the basis of the laws of our Creator. And this fact must not be forgotten.

The concept of "degradation" is a gradual deterioration, reduction or loss positive qualities, decline, degeneration. Speaking about the concept of "moral degradation of a person or humanity", we mean the gradual cessation of compliance with the internal and external laws of the Lord God, and not the public morality of a particular country or civilization of the world. Therefore, readers need to remember that only this concept in question in BCELEHCTBE as a source of a new Biblical worldview and way of life for mankind.

MORAL DEGRADATION

A form of anti-mediation aimed at the destruction, disorganization of mass morality, the result of the most acute socio-cultural contradiction caused by the growth of a mass uncomfortable state due to creativity that goes beyond the established social relations, cultural stereotypes, beyond the pace of novelty acceptable in a given culture. The reaction can take on the character of extremes. destroy not only new, advanced forms of constructive tension, points of growth and development, but also affect traditional forms activity, labor, social relations, which leads to the archaization of social relations, culture, the activation of leveling, the restoration on this basis of a lifestyle associated with localism, etc. N. f. can act in the form of narrowing the scope of responsibility, for example, refusal responsibility for the state, for its existence, the revival of the customs of blood feuds, the transfer of archaic massacres between villages to city streets, in hooliganism, vandalism, drunkenness, etc. N. f. can act as a departure from the most skilled, developed complex forms of labor . Under the conditions of a split, N. d. is intensified by the mutual destruction of two systems of values, that is, those associated with traditional values ​​and determined by the desire for growth and development. N. d. is a complex ambiguous process. It includes the formation of utilitarianism, the strengthening of which is often identified with the growth of N. d. Such a role does indeed take place under conditions of general moral disorganization. This is due to the fact that the growth of utilitarianism is not accompanied by its moral sanction, but is considered, including its bearers themselves, as an activity that comes into conflict with morality. Here is the most important difference from the West, where utilitarianism had a religious sanction. The state has a very handicapped to prevent N. d., trying, due to this limitation, to replace the moral basis with external props. The cardinal solution of the problem lies in the ability of society to develop a constructive tension aimed at progress, but on the condition that this process does not cause a dangerous uncomfortable state.

The main terms used in the book by A.S. Akhiezer Criticism of historical experience. 2012

See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what is MORAL DEGRADATION in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

• DEGRADATION in the Dictionary of Economic Terms:
  (fr. degradation - decline) - here: deterioration of the economic system, its collapse, collapse, loss of organization, ...
• DEGRADATION in Medical terms:
  (French degradation; de- + lat. gradus step, step, movement) in biology, see Degeneration ...
• DEGRADATION in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
  
• DEGRADATION
  see Deprivation...
• DEGRADATION in the Modern Encyclopedic Dictionary:
  
• DEGRADATION
  (from the Latin degradatio - decrease), gradual deterioration, loss of positive qualities, decline, ...
• DEGRADATION in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
  , and, pl. no, w. Gradual deterioration, decline, regression.||Cf. REGRESS…
• DEGRADATION in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
  DEGRADATION, gradual deterioration decrease or loss put. qualities, decline, ...
• DEGRADATION in the Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron:
  ? see Deprivation...
• DEGRADATION in the Full accentuated paradigm according to Zaliznyak:
  degradation, degradation, degradation, degradation, degradation, degradation, degradation, degradation, degradation, degradation, degradation, degradation, degradation, degradation, degradation, ...
• DEGRADATION in the New Dictionary of Foreign Words:
  (fr. degradation) gradual deterioration, degeneration, decline, movement ...
• DEGRADATION in the Dictionary of Foreign Expressions:
  [fr. degradation] gradual deterioration, degeneration, decline, movement ...
• DEGRADATION in the dictionary of Synonyms of the Russian language:
  degeneration, degeneration, genocide, degradation, decadence, insanity, regression, ...
• DEGRADATION in the New explanatory and derivational dictionary of the Russian language Efremova:
  and. 1) Action by value nesov. verb: to degrade. 2) Status by value nesov. verb: ...
• DEGRADATION in the Dictionary of the Russian Language Lopatin:
  degradation, ...
• DEGRADATION in the Complete Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language:
  degradation...
• DEGRADATION in the Spelling Dictionary:
  degradation, ...
• DEGRADATION in the Modern Explanatory Dictionary, TSB:
  gradual deterioration; decrease or loss of positive qualities, decline, ...
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E. Durkheim: Morality is an obligatory minimum and a severe necessity, it is the daily bread, without which societies cannot live."

MORALITY - internal spiritual qualities that guide a person, ethical standards; rules of conduct determined by these qualities. Morality is also the defining aspect of culture, its form, which gives the general basis of human activity, from the individual to society, from humanity to a small group.

The well-known researcher L.V. Kudryavtsev notes that “a strong and socially prosperous state cannot exist without a sufficiently high level of its citizens, at which moral deeds are valued, and immoral and even dishonorable ones are condemned. The stability and viability of the state is determined primarily by the moral and spiritual levels of its population.

It should be stated that today the world is engulfed in an economic crisis, which is a consequence of the moral crisis of our time, unprecedented in scale. It is quite obvious that in the 20th century there was a sharp decline in morals throughout the world, and this decline continues even more rapidly in the 21st century. Many prominent thinkers - Spengler, Heidegger, Toynbee, Jaspers, Husserl, Huxley, Orwell, Fukuyama, Thomas Mann spoke about the decline Western culture. Heidegger, the most outstanding of this series, nevertheless hoped that it was not technology that threatened man, the threat lurked in the very essence of man. "But where there is danger," he wrote, "there also grows salvation." Theological concepts of culture put forward as the main idea that the culture of mankind as a whole has completed its ascent and is now irresistibly rolling towards death. Since the core of any culture is religion and the foundations of morality developed by it, it is they who are experiencing the most severe crisis from the invasion of rationalism.

Turning to our domestic realities, we can state that there is a decline in morality in Russian society. In many areas of life, we everywhere observe violations of moral norms and prohibitions, especially in advertising, the media, and mass culture. There is a manipulative influence, especially television and advertising, with the popularization of the "hedonistic project", which suggests "getting everything from life", and therefore try alcohol, drugs and other "joys of life", which leads to a change in value attitudes.

Society is losing cultural traditions that served as a moral anchor. The growth of consumerism, permissiveness, licentiousness are signs that society is plunging into a pool of moral degradation. Previously, people still somehow distinguished good from evil. Now you can do whatever you want.

The woman became the "engine of trade". Rare advertising does without the image of a half-naked woman. The older generation would consider such actions as blatant immorality. On every corner - obscene scenes and photographs. Films that were previously not recommended for viewers under 18, now the whole family watches with complete peace of mind. And today it is often aimed specifically at children.

The values ​​promoted in the modern world are cultization, self-indulgence, encouragement of overt violence, cruelty and sexual promiscuity, and presentation of all this as something normal. Understanding all this, many people talk about the need to create a national idea that would become a springboard for introducing moral values ​​to the masses.

Many have lost their faith, and with it their moral guidelines. Every power and authority that dictates the norms of life has fallen in the eyes of the people. So the concept of good and evil for them became relative. Accordingly, respect for traditions and family values ​​is falling, the family is degrading as the most important social institution, which negatively affects demographic indicators.

In the article by Andrey Yurevich, Dmitry Ushakov “Morality in modern Russia”is a horrifying statistic:

Every year, 2,000 children are killed and seriously injured;

Every year, 2 million children suffer from parental cruelty, and 50,000 run away from home;

Every year 5,000 women die from beatings inflicted by their husbands;

Violence against wives, elderly parents and children is recorded in every fourth family;

12% of teenagers use drugs;

More than 20% of child pornography distributed worldwide is filmed in Russia;

About 1.5 million Russian school-age children do not attend school at all;

Children and adolescents "social bottom" covers at least 4 million people;

The growth rate of child crime is 15 times faster than the growth rate of general crime;

In modern Russia, there are about 40 thousand juvenile prisoners, which is about 3 times more than it was in the USSR in the early 1930s.

There is a further decrease in the population Russian Federation. In 2010, the trend of reducing the birth rate and increasing mortality in Russia continued. Mortality still covers the birth rate, and the population of Russia in 2010 decreased by 241.4 thousand people. However, in relation to 2009, the rate of natural decline decreased - by 5.6%. The death rate from alcohol poisoning remains quite high. In 1993-2006, about 40 thousand people died annually in Russia from alcohol poisoning. However, since 2004, a steady decline in mortality from alcohol poisoning has begun in Russia. In 2009, 21.3 thousand people died from this cause, which is the lowest figure since 1992.

The birth rate in Russia does not reach the level necessary for simple reproduction of the population. The total birth rate is 1.6, while for simple reproduction of the population without population growth, a total birth rate of 2.11-2.15 is required. According to the forecast in the report of the UN Development Program published in early October 2009, Russia will lose 11 million people by 2025. The country has entered a period of mass predominance of small families. More and more families are focusing on one child with the postponement of his birth. The proportion of children born out of a registered marriage is constantly growing. These trends are also confirmed by the data of the 2008 VTsIOM (All-Russian Public Opinion Research Center) sociological survey. Their data show that almost two-thirds of Russians (60%) do not have children and do not plan to have them. (Only 5% of Russians surveyed are going to have children in the next year or two. Every third (34%) is a parent - 22% have one minor child, 10% - two children, 2% - more than two children). Russia ranks first in the list of 40 industrialized countries of the world in terms of the number of abortions per birth (before 1995, it was second after Romania). However, in last years this figure is almost constantly declining - from 206 per 100 births in 1990 to 81 in 2008. But still, this is a fairly large number of abortions. And these are official figures, the real picture can be completely different, how many clandestine abortions are done, only God knows.

Under these conditions, the primary task is the development of the institution of the family, the active promotion of family values. Neglect on the part of parents and the school of raising children contributes to the development of all the vices that exist in modern society. The formation of a child's moral values ​​is influenced primarily by parents, then by the school and the social environment. The researchers concluded that the majority of children who could not realize themselves in adulthood and turned into alcoholics, drug addicts, criminals, did not receive the necessary amount of warmth and love from parents who did not properly educate their children. It is the selfless love of parents, their own example, that is the main criterion for educating children of moral qualities. Therefore, parents, and then school, universities should form positive images in the mind and soul of the child.

If moral ideals are not assimilated by a person or are poorly assimilated, then their place as a determinant of behavior will be taken by other qualities that can be characterized by the adjective "immoral" (in this context, socially passive behavior is also understood as immoral). Criminal ethics is the most socially negative manifestation of immorality.

Fools and roads

One of the most acute problems in Russia is theft. Although they say that in Russia there are two main problems “Fools and roads”, but we have bad roads precisely because colossal money is stolen from their construction. Aleksey Bezborodov, CEO of the Russian research agency InfraNews, as an example of unsubstantiated theft, talks about the construction of the Adler-Krasnaya Polyana road, which is only 48 km long. As the Russian edition of Esquire calculated, for $7.3 billion spent on it, this track could be lined with a centimeter layer of black caviar or generously covered with 22 cm of foie gras.

The level of theft in Russia exceeds all conceivable limits. In every state there are people who steal, and according to statistics, such people make up no more than 2-3% of the population (including those with kleptomania), and in Russia everyone who can steal, despite the fact that most Russians call themselves believers. Can a believing person (Orthodox, Muslim, Buddhist) really be a believer if he violates one of the important commandments of these religions: “Thou shalt not steal”? Rhetorical question.

As the Korrespondent writes, the authorities of the Russian Federation cover up theft in state corporations, as a result, tens of billions of dollars go from the state budget into the pockets of corrupt officials. Experts believe that Russia is stealing at least a fifth of state money

A year ago, the first stage of the Eastern Siberia - Pacific Ocean (ESPO) oil pipeline was launched, and today this giant pipe has become the epicenter of the largest corruption scandal in the history of modern Russia. As Correspondent writes, the reason for it was the documents posted on the Internet by the well-known Russian public figure Alexei Navalny. According to the papers, which, according to Navalny, were drawn up by the state company Transneft, which built the pipeline, a fantastic sum of $4 billion was stolen from the state treasury during its construction. In other words, about $35 was taken out of the pocket of every adult Russian.

Russia took 154th place out of 178 possible in the index of the level of corruption of the countries of the world, prepared by Transparency International. In 2010, Russia was given 2.1 points out of a possible ten. A year earlier, Russia ranked 146th in the Transparency International ranking.

The Russian corruption market is estimated at $300 billion. At the same time, Transparency International studies on corruption in Russia record a steady increase in the number of violations in this area. According to data published at the end of 2009, over the past two years the market for corruption in Russia has increased dramatically: the average household bribe has grown from 8,000 to 27,000 rubles.

About the total corruption in all echelons of power, even the officials themselves can no longer remain silent. At the end of October 2010, Konstantin Chuychenko, head of the control department of the President of Russia, said that "the economic effect of clearing [from] vicious purchases, according to the most conservative estimates, could exceed 1 trillion rubles [$32 billion]". "That is, the volume of theft can be reduced by a trillion rubles?" - President Dmitry Medvedev asked him and immediately instructed the government to legislatively solve the problem

As long as theft flourishes at all levels in Russia, when budgetary funds are stolen by officials on a colossal scale, no significant changes will occur in the country. Only strict and even harsh measures can stop it or significantly reduce it.

British scientists have proved that the level of development of theft does not at all depend on the material well-being of a person. After conducting a practical experiment, scientists have confirmed that both rich and poor people are prone to infringement on someone else's property. At the same time, rich people steal even more often than poor people, because they feel their impunity.

After studying over 100 countries with different economic, social, and religious levels of development, scientists came to the conclusion that theft directly depends on the punishment provided for in the country. The more severe the punishment, the less willing to steal someone else's.

Moral degradation of Russian society

With all the variety of such phenomena, as well as the processes characterized by the above statistical data, they can be summed up under a common denominator, which is the moral degradation of modern Russian society or, using the well-known expression of E. Giddens, "evaporation of morality." It is natural that, according to the results of sociological surveys, the decline in morals is perceived by our fellow citizens as one of the main problems of modern Russia, they state “damage to morals” as one of the worst trends.

A few years ago, a sociological survey was conducted among Muscovites on the topic "Spiritual and moral state of modern Russian society." The survey involved 1,000 residents of Moscow.

According to Veronika Moiseeva, President of the Imageland Group of Companies, “the idea of ​​conducting this survey by a PR agency was born as a way to draw attention to the problem of the spiritual and moral state of society, since this problem usually escapes the attention of the state due to the solution of socio-economic issues.”

As the results of the survey show, the majority of Muscovites assess the state of Russian society unsatisfactorily in terms of observance of the norms of morality and ethics in Everyday life of people. 42% believe that there are many problems in this area, 29% consider the situation almost catastrophic. 21% share the belief that the situation is generally normal, and only 2% - that the morale of society is good.

At the same time, 58% of respondents agreed with a rather harsh statement: “we live in a society of self-interest, lack of spirituality, moral standards are forgotten and devalued” (32% “completely agree”, 26% - “rather agree”). The share of “rather” or “completely” disagreeing with this thesis was 36%.

The assessments of the consequences of the current moral situation in society also look pessimistic. 66% of respondents believe that this condition can lead to serious social upheavals in the future. It is significant that the proportion of people who fully agree with this thesis was 44%. “Rather agree” 22% of respondents.

Among those state and public institutions that should bear the main responsibility for the development of the spiritual and moral state of society in modern Russia, respondents most often named: the family (67%), educational institutions (48%), state power(45%), media (28%). Religious institutions (18%), public organizations (6%), pop stars and other role models (3%) were mentioned noticeably less often among the three possible options.

At the same time, many of the public institutions that are entrusted with the function of spiritual and moral education, according to Muscovites, cannot cope with it. 68% of respondents generally agreed with the statement that the Russian authorities are doing nothing to maintain a normal moral and moral climate in the country (36% - "completely agree", 32% - "rather agree"). 23% of survey participants are ready to object to them, and 9% found it difficult to answer.

According to 67% of respondents, modern television has a negative impact on children and adolescents in Russia, destroys their moral qualities, accustoms them to cruelty. Only 14% share opposite point view: television has a positive impact on young people, educates free and enterprising people adapted to real life. 13% of survey participants do not see any noticeable influence of electronic media on the moral state of the young generation of Russians.

As for the traditional institutions for the formation of moral norms - religious organizations, then in relation to them, the survey participants were divided into two approximately equal parts. 54% of respondents positively assess the strengthening of the role of religious organizations in the upbringing of children and youth, believing that this will lead to an improvement in the moral climate in society. 42% rather or completely disagree with this statement.

The data obtained during the survey were discussed within the framework of the expert club operating under the Imageland PR agency. At the same time, most experts agreed that the figures would have been even more depressing if the study had been conducted not in Moscow, but throughout Russia. According to the executive secretary of the Interreligious Council of Russia, Roman Silantiev, “a moral crisis is the absence of a moral core among people, that is, the blurring of the concepts of “good” and “evil” ... There are societies in which ideas about good and evil are completely blurred, and children are brought up in such a “value system” where there are simply no values. Now, unfortunately, we are close to this state.

Evgeny Kuznetsov, Director of Research and Special Projects at Imageland PR, says that although the survey data turned out to be quite predictable, it is remarkable for at least two reasons. First, they eloquently testify to the obvious public demand for a more active role of the state in regulating the situation in the sphere of morality. Secondly, the study gives a very disappointing understanding that the population perceives the media as an object that exists on its own, autonomous from society, which has a certain destructive effect, and it is useless to wait for some kind of moral educational work from it. Therefore, society as a whole has nothing against either censorship or state control over the "fourth estate", in one form or another.

Andrey Yurevich and Dmitry Ushakov note that the extremely disturbing moral state of our society also comes through in its sociological and psychological research. The antagonistic opposition of two types of morality is often stated: the morality of the rich minority and the morality of the poor majority, although, of course, there are many more types of morality and their “antagonistic oppositions” in our society.

I.V. Shcherbakova and V.A. Yadov compared such a form of politeness as holding the door in the subway to the next passenger, among residents of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Budapest. Muscovites showed the worst performance, and the best - the residents of Budapest, and in the Budapest metro this was most often done by young people, and in our country - people of middle and old age. Some Russian respondents compared the metro ride during rush hour to a struggle for survival, in which other passengers are perceived as competitors for a seat in the car. Canadian sociologists conducted a study in 2006 that showed that in terms of the frequency of cases of helping behavior, expressed in the willingness to help one's neighbor, Moscow closes the list of 48 cities in the world. Other comparative studies of everyday culture also show that we are clearly the leaders in terms of rudeness, aggressiveness and hatred of our own kind, and there is a tendency towards “brutalization”, i.e. to an even greater toughening of our social life (it is natural that the term "brutalization" occupies a prominent place in the terminological apparatus of Russian sociology). Everything is "brutalized" - from relations between spouses who hire killers to resolve family issues, to methods of committing suicide. And about 50% of our fellow citizens admit that they are rude to others on a regular basis, considering such behavior a social norm, and most often this is done by young and well-to-do people.

Data have been obtained that in our country there are much more, in comparison, for example, with the United States, respondents who answer in the affirmative to the question “Can a person break the law and be right at the same time?”. And the number of people who believe that laws cannot be violated under any circumstances, i.e. Genuinely law-abiding, at least in words, has practically not changed over the past 15 years and amounts to 10-15%. Unlike Western countries, where moral and legal socialization occurs mainly through imitation of the norms and laws accepted in society, in our country this process either “gets stuck” at the initial stage, where obedience is ensured with the help of fear of punishment, or, bypassing the middle level, immediately "slips" to the highest, characterized by reliance on the highest ethical principles and conscience. Similar results are obtained from a study of the moral judgments of younger schoolchildren, who consider fear of punishment and sympathy to be the main reasons for committing acts, and this explanation scheme has changed little over the past 70 years.

The moral degradation of our society is stated by representatives of various sciences, and it can be considered a truly "interdisciplinary" fact. Psychologists demonstrate that "Russia for many years turned out to be a" natural laboratory ", where the morality and legal consciousness of citizens were severely tested." Sociologists show that “at the end of the 20th-beginning of the 21st century, Russian society, plunged by the state first into “perestroika” and then into “radical reforms”, constantly experienced moral deviations and a shortage of not so much social, economic and political as moral guidelines, values. and patterns of behaviour. They also state the "moral aberration" of the thinking of our politicians - its distancing from moral values ​​and guidelines, which are supplanted in it by categories of an economic nature, such as economic growth, GDP, inflation rates, etc. Economists note that "among the components of that exorbitant social the price that had to be paid for radical economic reforms in Russia was the neglect of the moral and psychological world of a person, emphasizing the “intensive eradication of the moral and ethical component from social life”.

Sociologists state that “Today, in the context of the intensive expansion of the criminal-criminal subculture into the everyday life of Russians, the society has few social constraints left to resist this expansion. Normative system of the underworld, actively relayed through the media and products mass culture, finds fertile ground in a society experiencing a shortage of social values ​​(value anomie), and traditional for Russian culture disrespectful attitude to the formal legal law only facilitates such an “intrusion”: today, in the minds of many citizens, it is the thieves’ law that personifies justice.”

The following statements by sociologists are also characteristic: “Today, elements of the criminal subculture are present in one way or another in all spheres of life in Russian society - from everyday life to the rules for organizing the economic and political “game”, from interpersonal relations to social institutions”; “In recent years, the criminal subculture has been penetrating on a large scale into the mass cultural product - feature films and TV series, thieves' songs that sound on the radio, in restaurants, cafes, transport, detectives and action films (with which all book counters are littered), even into ringtones for mobile phones. ". It has been noted that the protagonist of our films and TV series is a “good” gangster (“Boomer”, “Brigada”, “Brother”, etc.), and by no means a fighter against crime. According to polls, more than half of our fellow citizens systematically use thieves' jargon, etc. More than 60 news releases devoted to crime stories are released on our TV channels weekly.

The main motivation of ZMI and especially television is to attract the majority of viewers and get the maximum profit from advertising, that is, money comes first, and the negative impact of scenes of violence, debauchery, permissiveness on the morality of the population is taken into account last.

Domestic and foreign researchers note a very high level negative influence low-grade information product on the psyche and morality of the population and especially young people. According to the American Medical Association, during the years spent in school, the average child sees 8,000 murders and 100,000 acts of violence on TV. In addition, the researchers concluded that television promotes promiscuity, because in 91% of episodes that show a sexual relationship between a man and a woman, the partners are not married. If an adult can still critically evaluate such television production and separate fiction from reality, then a child often perceives television schemes as a plan for implementation in life, and a criminal style of thinking is gradually formed in him. If you were offended - you must fight back and destroy the offender, if you understand that you cannot achieve what you want legally - it’s not scary to cross the line in something; if you are rich and strong, the law is not written for you. So children get used to crime scenes, learn the false truth that the main way to solve most problems is violent, and they form rather strange ideals or role models ( positive hero action hero shoots and kills four times more than the negative hero). According to a sociological study by Candidate of Psychological Sciences O. Drozdov (Institute of Psychology named after G. Kostyuk of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine), 58% of young people tend to copy the behavior of TV heroes, mainly from foreign films, and 37.3% of young people are ready to commit illegal acts, following the example of TV heroes.

The authors of a sociological study conducted in the 1980s in the United States among convicted criminals published the following facts: 63% of convicted criminals said that they committed a crime by copying television characters, and 22% adopted the “technology” of the crime from television films.

All this will lead to the fact that the level of criminalization of society remains quite high. Russia is among the top five "leaders" in terms of the number of murders among countries in whose territory large-scale military operations are not conducted.

It turns out a rather paradoxical situation: immorality gives rise to such social deviations as crime, which researchers have now begun to pay attention to, and crime, in turn, gives rise to immorality, lack of spirituality. Yu.M. Antonyan and V.D. Pakhomov write in this regard that crime has an impact "on the moral and psychological climate in society, on the upbringing of the younger generation, causes enormous material damage, undermines the economy. In particular, persons who concentrate significant material resources in their hands by committing crimes demonstrate a standard of living beyond the reach of most people, and many, especially young people, are starting to see this level as a benchmark." And such situations are quite natural and psycho-physiologically justified. In this case, there is a principle that has a psychophysiological basis and is expressed by the proverb "a holy place is never empty." The place of morality is replaced by its opposite - immorality.

Business and Morality

Psychological surveys of modern Russian business also give sad results, indicating that it is not ready for a policy of social responsibility, it is perceived by our entrepreneurs as contrary to their commercial interests, and the concept of social responsibility is interpreted in completely different ways by businessmen and the main part of our society. This creates socio-psychological conditions not only for the inevitability of the regular emergence of financial "pyramids" and other manifestations of dishonesty of entrepreneurs, but also for "cold civil war between them and civil servants.

The demise of the Roman Empire and other civilizations was facilitated by widespread selfishness and immorality. It was immorality, debauchery, gluttony, greed, lust that became the main reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire. The influx of wealth from conquered countries spread the most extravagant luxury, when peacocks from Samos, pikes from Pessinus, oysters from Tarentum, dates from Egypt, nuts from Spain, the rarest dishes from all parts of the world, were gathered for feasting, and the feasters resorted to emetics to try all the dishes. "They eat," says Seneca, "and then they vomit, they vomit, and then they eat." Apicius, who lived under Tiberius, dissolved pearls in the wine he drank, squandered a huge fortune for the enjoyment of his table, and then committed suicide. A special class of servants, beauticians, took care of the dress, the smoothing of wrinkles, the installation of artificial teeth, the coloring of the eyebrows of wealthy patricians. Hopeless poverty contrasted terribly with great wealth. Huge taxes depleted the provinces, burdened the people, and suffering was terribly increased by war, epidemic, and famine. Free citizens lost physical and moral strength, and sank to an inert mass, demanding only "Bread and circuses", drunkenness was common among the population. The third class consisted of a huge number of slaves who perform all kinds of mechanical labor, even plowing the land, and in time of danger were ready to join the enemies of the empire. The army, consisting mainly of the rudest citizens and barbarians, was the strength of the nation, but gradually degraded, demanding more and more pay. The virtues of patriotism, and conscientiousness in public relations, have disappeared. Everywhere prevailed: base greed, suspicion and envy, bribery, arrogance and servility.

The work to demoralize the people was systematically organized and sanctioned from the highest echelons of power. Emperors showed the most base vices. The pagan historians of Rome branded and perpetuated the vices and crimes of Caesar; misanthropy, cruelty and voluptuousness of Tiberius; the ferocious madness of Gaius Caligula, who tortured men, beheaded or sawed to pieces for his entertainment, who seriously thought of killing the entire senate, elevated the horse to the rank of consul and priest, the bottomless villainy of Nero, the "inventor of crime", who poisoned and killed his teachers Burrhus and Seneca, his half-brother and brother-in-law Britannicus, his mother Agrippina, wife Octavia, mistress Poppaea, who, because of his caprice, set fire to Rome, and then burned innocent Christians for it, like torches in his garden, portraying himself as a charioteer in hellish spectacle; the exquisite malice of Domitian, who amused himself in the agony of the dying; shameless revelry of Commodus with hundreds of his mistresses, and animal passion to kill people and animals in the arena; who rewarded the most fallen men with the highest awards, dressed in women's clothes, married a depraved boy just like himself, in short, turned all the laws of nature and decency upside down, until he was finally killed with his mother by soldiers, and thrown into the muddy Tiber . And in order to fill the measure of wickedness and evil, such imperial monsters were instructed, after their death, by a formal decree of the senate, to rank as deities and celebrate holidays in their honor in temples and colleges of priests! The emperor, in Gibbon parlance, was at once "a priest, an atheist, and a god." Domitian, even during his lifetime, demanded to be called "Dominus et Deus noster" and sacrificed whole herds of animals to his gold and silver statues. It is impossible to imagine a greater public and official mockery of religion and morality.

Unfortunately, some modern rulers also wallowed in luxury and depravity with the poverty of the people, which began to lead to popular riots. Given the current state of affairs, humanity should think about what further consequences can be expected and, seeing the example of the death of Rome, should draw the appropriate conclusions, while something can still be corrected.

Therefore, the protection and preservation of the traditional spiritual values ​​of Russian society (especially such as tolerance, collectivism, good nature, compassion, mercy), its mentality are becoming vital tasks of modern society. Naturally, the main burden in the implementation of this fundamental task in the context of the prevention of immorality lies with the education system. We are talking about the upbringing of the civic activity of the younger generation, the formation of a strong conviction in the relevance of centuries-old spiritual traditions, norms and values.

Many more aspects of this problem can be singled out, but the main thing for us is to work out ways to solve and get out of this situation.

1) Establish an effective dialogue between the authorities and the people. The population should be clearly aware of the tragedy of the current situation and demand urgent decisions from the authorities. As part of this dialogue, there should be an intensification of the activities of the Public Councils under all authorities, which often act formally. The public council is created with the aim of organizing interaction between the state body and public associations, the public, and it should provide a real assessment of certain initiatives or decisions of the authorities from the point of view of public benefit. It is necessary to improve the mechanisms for creating such councils and clearly write out their powers.

It is also necessary to revive the institutions of moral control, which are practically absent in modern Russian society. Despite all the shortcomings in the Soviet Union, there were effective mechanisms of moral control in the party and Komsomol organizations. And today, schools and universities, and public organizations could perform the functions of moral control. For example, it is reasonable to make admission to universities and stay in them dependent on the behavior of students in educational institutions and beyond. And public organizations, including political parties, should attach importance to the moral qualities of their members.

2) The adoption of strict legislation aimed at protecting morality. Clear implementation of the principles of the rule of law, especially the principle of equality of all before the law, regardless of position and position in society. It is urgent to take effective and tough measures to overcome corruption and theft in Russia, up to the award of long terms of imprisonment and confiscation of the property of the offending official.

Wide involvement of scientists - sociologists, psychologists, etc. - in the development of laws. Laws are not just legal norms, but the most general rules social interaction, which should be developed and introduced taking into account its social, psychological, economic and other patterns revealed by the relevant sciences

Certain steps in terms of the moral revival of society are already being made. On April 15, 2009, the State Duma adopted a law aimed at the spiritual and moral development of children. The bill establishes additional measures to promote the physical, intellectual, spiritual and moral development of children.

Appropriate changes, proposed by Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, are being made to the law "On Basic Guarantees of the Rights of the Child in the Russian Federation." According to the document, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation can establish measures prohibiting children under 18 from being in pubs, restaurants and bars, wine glasses and other places intended exclusively for the sale of alcoholic products, as well as in shops with goods of a sexual nature. According to the bill, state authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation and local self-government should create favorable conditions for the activities of cultural organizations, institutions and organizations for the upbringing, education, development and improvement of children, their entertainment and leisure. In addition, the bill provides the subjects of the Russian Federation with the opportunity, taking into account local traditions and characteristics, to determine by their laws measures to prevent negative impacts on the health and development of children.

3) Implementation of the principles of social justice, which include:

a) respect for the power of their own people and the absence of any kind of arbitrariness, abuse and gross exploitation;

b) the people really (not like now) elect people to the highest government posts and elected positions. If this person does not justify the hopes of people (for example, if a certain percentage of citizens will be dissatisfied with him), then people should be able to recall this person from office;

c) the person denounced by the highest authority really considers the people when making the most important strategic decisions.

4) decriminalization of our society, incl. and his everyday culture. It is wrong to think that this problem is related only to law enforcement agencies. In particular, the decriminalization of mass consciousness involves not only the purification of our vocabulary from thieves' jargon, etc., but also a radical change in the system of relations between the population and law enforcement agencies. Taking measures to protect the information space of Russia from a foreign low-grade information product that popularizes immorality, violence, depravity. Protectionism in relation to those PHI that popularize culture, morality, spiritual values

5) Establishing an effective system for educating the younger generation.

It is necessary to adopt the Strategy for the development of the institution of the family at the legislative level and strictly monitor its implementation with constant monitoring by the public and the media, especially the distribution of funds. The strategy should be aimed at popularizing family values, which implies an increase in cash benefits at the birth of a child, constant social support for families, the provision of interest-free loans for housing construction, the provision of significant benefits for medical care for families, and children's education. Of course, significant funds will be needed to implement this Strategy, but with the establishment of an effective system for combating corruption and theft, they could be found.

6) Active revival of morality through religious institutions.

Faith is the basis of religion, and religion is the basis of morality. L. N. Tolstoy in his work "Religion and Morality" directly says that "without a religious basis there can be no real, unfeigned morality, just as without a root there cannot be a real plant."

The Church and other religious denominations and public organizations can become catalysts for the revival of Russia if they join forces in educating morality and organizing good deeds. It is the church that can accelerate the revival of Russia many times over by becoming one of the coordinators of such a revival. Political parties are unable to do this precisely because of the desire to seize power. We need coordinators who do not seek power, but simply serve the revival of Russia. Because: "The one who wants to rise will be humiliated. And the one who is humiliated will rise." The parties are constantly playing their games, fighting for power and guided by the principle of "Divide and Conquer", which only leads to the division and impoverishment of the country. Therefore, the church, serving the people of Russia, will receive the very authority that no advertising and proximity to power can achieve. Because Jesus said "Judge by deeds. A bad tree does not bring good fruit, and a bad person does not do good deeds." People judge the life of the church by its deeds, and not by advertising and beautiful words. At the same time, the church should not be dependent on the authorities and its handouts and boldly criticize all its sins. Let us recall how John the Baptist denounced the immorality of Herod, sacrificing even his own life. Let us recall how Metropolitan Philip denounced Ivan the Terrible, often saving innocent sufferers.

The Church must popularize moral and religious values ​​and spread the faith. Since it is a true believer who will clearly follow the religious commandments, the main of which in most religions is love for the one God and love for one's neighbor. And if we really love our neighbor, and the neighbor is any person who can meet on our life path, then can we steal from him or do him some other harm. If we love our children, then we do everything to make them feel good and give them our attention, warmth and love, and they answer us the same. Therefore, only love as care and giving to another person or society as a whole, as opposed to consumer egoism and permissiveness, can save our country and the world.

Now the Church, the state, the public need to unite for the spiritual revival of Russia. And during the revival of Russia, we do not need to deny other religions and directions of thought, if their supporters help the revival of Russia with their deeds. In one of his sermons, Jesus said, "Whoever is not against me is with me." Therefore, figures of other confessions and religions, and social movements should also play the role of coordinators in the revival of Russia. Because now the country is poor. If the country is rich and prosperous as in ancient times, then all religions in Russia will live well. Therefore, the cooperation of all ministers of the church with other religions and social movements, and then these movements by their deeds will contribute to the revival of Russia and its prosperity.