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Prepared by: Anna Batygareeva and Maria Ovsyannikova

it ancient art composition of small identical particles of some kind of image or picture. Usually done like this large paintings, which are designed to be viewed at a great distance. In this case, the picture will be distinguished by irregularities that seem to enliven the image, and the surface of the picture will also seem velvety from afar.

Main Feature Byzantine style served as a golden background, which is inherent in most paintings. Direct dialing is usually used as a dialing technique.

Another feature is the presence of clear contours of each object presented in the picture. If the picture is viewed from a great distance, then such contours will make the acting characters more visible against the golden shimmering background.

Most of the techniques of Byzantine mosaics are also used in modern mosaic compositions. The use of smalt, the background formed by the irregularities of smalt cubes, the even contours of the borders of objects and the background - this is a classic of mosaic, a classic of Byzantium.

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

Test on the history of the Middle Ages to the textbook Agibalova, Donskoy "History of the Middle Ages, topic" Byzantine Empire. Byzantine culture "(paragraph 6-7) Grade 6. The test is posted for parents (with answers ...

Psychomotor Lesson Grade 2 Theme “Mosaic from torn paper. Birds." Psychomotor Lesson Grade 2 Theme “Mosaic from torn paper. Birds." Psychomotor Lesson Grade 2 Theme “Mosaic from torn paper. Birds."

lesson "Development of psychomotor and sensory processes" is intended for students in grades 1-4 remedial school VIII type. The lesson "Mosaic from torn paper. Birds" develops fine motor skills, thinking, ...

The work was done by a student of MBOU Kudinovskaya secondary school No. 35, 6th grade "a" Puzikova Daria
What is a "mosaic"?
Mosaic - an image or pattern made of particles of the same or different material (stone, smalt, ceramic tiles, etc.), one of the main types of monumental and decorative art.
This is the ancient art of composing some kind of image or picture from small identical particles. As a rule, large paintings are made in this way, which are intended to be looked at at a great distance. In this case, the picture will be distinguished by irregularities that seem to enliven the image, and the surface of the picture will also seem velvety from afar.
What is Byzantine mosaic?
Byzantine mosaic is primarily a mosaic of smalt. It was the Byzantines who developed the technology for the production of smalt, thanks to which this relatively economical and easy-to-handle glass became the main material in monumental painting.
The story goes back to the third or fourth century AD. It is this time that some of the most ancient examples of mosaics date back to. Interestingly, this art was at its peak in the sixth and seventh centuries, and then was revived and constantly used throughout the period from the ninth to the fourteenth century.
Origin of Byzantine mosaic
Basically, samples of this art represent plots on biblical theme hence many of them are located in various religious buildings.

Smalt. In fact, this material was glass, in which particles of metals were added to give it certain shades. So with the addition of gold, the glass acquired a golden sheen. It is this brilliance that prompted many masters to choose golden mosaic for the background of the paintings.
Byzantine Mosaic Materials
Even in the molten mass of smalt, copper and mercury were added in different ratios. So the ancient masters ensured that the pieces of the mosaic acquired various shades needed to create a composition.
Byzantine Mosaic Materials
The Byzantines, using simple tools, gave elements of the mosaic elementary geometric shapes, convenient for laying in a mosaic canvas. And yet the main mosaic element was the cubes.
The main feature of the Byzantine style was the golden background, which is inherent in most paintings. Direct dialing is usually used as a dialing technique.
Features of the Byzantine style
Another feature is the presence of clear contours of each object presented in the picture. If the picture is viewed from a great distance, then such contours will make the acting characters more visible against the golden shimmering background.
The most famous Byzantine mosaics are those of Ravenna and images of Hagia Sophia (Constantinople).
Ancient surviving examples of Byzantine mosaics
Byzantine mosaics became the main element of the artistic decoration of cathedrals, tombs, basilicas.
Most of the techniques of Byzantine mosaics are also used in modern mosaic compositions. The use of smalt, the background formed by the irregularities of smalt cubes, the even contours of the borders of objects and the background - this is a classic of mosaic, a classic of Byzantium.

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

Contour paper mosaic

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MATHEMATICAL MOSAIC

Mathematical Mosaic A very long time ago I was lucky enough to read a book by V.F. Shatalov "Fulcrum". I was fascinated by the system for testing students' knowledge, the variability of tasks, the multi-level sub...

Byzantine mosaics are primarily smalt mosaics. It was the Byzantines who developed the technology for the production of smalt, thanks to which this relatively economical and easy-to-use glass became the main material in monumental painting. By adding various metals (gold, copper, mercury) in various proportions to the raw glass mass, the Byzantines learned how to make several hundred different colors of smalt, and with the help of simple tools, elements of the mosaic could be given elementary geometric shapes that were convenient for laying in a mosaic canvas. Nevertheless, cubes became the main mosaic element - it was the compositions of neatly laid out small and more or less the same size cubes that created fame for Byzantine mosaics.

The most ancient surviving examples of Byzantine mosaics date back to the 3rd-4th centuries, and two heydays fall on the 6th-7th centuries (golden age) and IX-XIV (after the iconoclasm - the Macedonian revival, the conservatism of the Komnenos and the Palaiologan renaissance). The most famous Byzantine mosaics are those of Ravenna and images of Hagia Sophia (Constantinople). If the Roman mosaic solved purely functional problems along with aesthetic tasks, the Byzantine one became the main element of the artistic decoration of cathedrals, tombs, basilicas and visual tasks came to the fore. Roman mythological images, often playful and genre, looking equally good both in private atriums and in public baths, were replaced by grandiose in conception and implementation of monumental canvases on biblical stories. Christian stories have become central theme mosaics, the desire to achieve the maximum impression of the image has become the driving force behind the improvement of mosaic laying techniques and the development of new colors and compositions of smalt.

A feature of Byzantine mosaics in temples was the use of an amazing golden background. The mosaics were laid out using the direct set method, and each element in the laying was distinguished by its unique surface and its position relative to other elements and the base. A single and living golden field was created, shimmering both in natural light and in candlelight. The uniqueness of the play of shades of color and reflections of light on a golden background created the effect of movement of the whole picture. Obligatory for the Byzantine masters was the technique of making the contours of bodies, objects, objects. The contour was laid out in one row of cubes and elements from the side of the figure or object, and also in one row - from the side of the background. The smooth line of such contours gave clarity to images against a flickering background. Most of the techniques of Byzantine mosaics are also used in modern mosaic compositions. The use of smalt, the background formed by the irregularities of smalt cubes, the even contours of the borders of objects and the background - this is a classic of mosaic, a classic of Byzantium.

The heyday of Byzantine art, which followed the era of iconoclasm, is usually conditionally called the "Macedonian Renaissance", after the name of the dynasty that reigned in these years. The heyday of Byzantine art, which followed the era of iconoclasm, is usually conditionally called the "Macedonian Renaissance", after the name of the dynasty that reigned in these years.

By adding various metals (gold, copper, mercury) in various proportions to the raw glass mass, the Byzantines learned how to make several hundred different colors of smalt, and with the help of simple tools, elements of the mosaic could be given elementary geometric shapes that were convenient for laying in a mosaic canvas. By adding various metals (gold, copper, mercury) in various proportions to the raw glass mass, the Byzantines learned how to make several hundred different colors of smalt, and with the help of simple tools, elements of the mosaic could be given elementary geometric shapes that were convenient for laying in a mosaic canvas.

The most ancient surviving samples of Byzantine mosaics date back to the 3rd-4th centuries, and two heydays fall on the 6th-7th centuries (golden age) and IX-XIV (after iconoclasm - the Macedonian revival, the conservatism of the Komnenos and the Palaiologan Renaissance). The most ancient surviving samples of Byzantine mosaics date back to the 3rd-4th centuries, and two heydays fall on the 6th-7th centuries (golden age) and IX-XIV (after iconoclasm - the Macedonian revival, the conservatism of the Komnenos and the Palaiologan Renaissance).

Byzantine mosaics became the main element in the artistic decoration of cathedrals, tombs, basilicas and visual tasks came to the fore Christian stories became the central theme of mosaics, the desire to achieve the maximum impression from the image became the driving force for improving mosaic laying techniques and developing new colors and compositions of smalt. Byzantine mosaics became the main element in the artistic decoration of cathedrals, tombs, basilicas and visual tasks came to the fore Christian stories became the central theme of mosaics, the desire to achieve the maximum impression from the image became the driving force for improving mosaic laying techniques and developing new colors and compositions of smalt.

A feature of Byzantine mosaics in temples was the use of an amazing golden background. The mosaics were laid out using the direct set method, and each element in the laying was distinguished by its unique surface and its position relative to other elements and the base. A single and living golden field was created, shimmering both in natural light and in candlelight. The uniqueness of the play of shades of color and reflections of light on a golden background created the effect of movement of the whole picture. A feature of Byzantine mosaics in temples was the use of an amazing golden background. The mosaics were laid out using the direct set method, and each element in the laying was distinguished by its unique surface and its position relative to other elements and the base. A single and living golden field was created, shimmering both in natural light and in candlelight. The uniqueness of the play of shades of color and reflections of light on a golden background created the effect of movement of the whole picture.

Obligatory for the Byzantine masters was the technique of making the contours of bodies, objects, objects. The contour was laid out in one row of cubes and elements from the side of the figure or object, and also in one row - from the side of the background. The smooth line of such contours gave clarity to images against a flickering background. Obligatory for the Byzantine masters was the technique of making the contours of bodies, objects, objects. The contour was laid out in one row of cubes and elements from the side of the figure or object, and also in one row - from the side of the background. The smooth line of such contours gave clarity to images against a flickering background.

Byzantine mosaics are monumental canvases. Hence the scale of the images and the monumentality of the compositions and the nature of the masonry. Byzantine masonry, with its velvety and lively unevenness, is designed to be perceived from a great distance. While the Roman mosaics solved the secular tasks of decorating smaller rooms, private villas or public buildings were for the most part of a chamber character. Byzantine mosaics are monumental canvases. Hence the scale of the images and the monumentality of the compositions and the nature of the masonry. Byzantine masonry, with its velvety and lively unevenness, is designed to be perceived from a great distance. While Roman mosaics, which solved secular tasks, decorated smaller rooms, private villas or public buildings, for the most part, were chamber in nature.