Georgy Markovich Naumenko was born in Moscow in 1945. He has a musical and pedagogical education. Member of the Union of Composers of Russia. All creative activity dedicated to collecting and studying Russian musical and poetic folklore. Most actively went on creative expeditions to various regions and regions of Russia and recorded works folk art from 1967 to 1994. G.M. Naumenko is known as a folklorist-musicologist, ethnographer, and writer. He has published more than a hundred books and music collections. They published several thousand works of folklore. Is great interest author's work of Naumenko.
Popular with young readers are his numerous folklore-style stories: fairy tales, horror stories, poems for children. He is also the author of fundamental popular science, philosophical, religious and esoteric books: "Secrets of Consciousness"; "Aliens and earthlings"; "All about UFOs"; “Obvious about the secret. The science of the birth, deeds, resurrection of Christ”; "The Great Mystery of Being"; "Aliens from the Past"...
In Russian folklore, G.M. Naumenko is given a special role - a collector, researcher and popularizer of children's musical and poetic folklore. Naumenko showed in his publications and studies all the richness and diversity children's folklore. He discovered hitherto unknown genres of children's folk music and folklore for children. For the first time, maternity and christening songs, pestles and nursery rhymes, fairy tales with tunes, melodic tongue twisters, children's charms and divination, onomatopoeia of bird voices and songs about animals, children's ritual, instrumental and choreographic music were published for the first time.
In the publications of musical folklore, children's vocal performing arts, which differs in many respects from the adult version folk songs. It has become an independent phenomenon in the culture of folk singing. In all its fullness and beauty, the creativity of adults for children was revealed, a phenomenon of great importance, a whole layer of folklore. Its main function is the upbringing and development of the child - physical, artistic, aesthetic. Often Naumenko used carriers folk traditions as co-authors of their books. Their true stories about rites, customs, games, nurturing and the song samples themselves, associated with childhood, filled with the extraordinary beauty of their native language, lay on the pages of the book. For example, in famous work"The Ethnography of Childhood".
Naumenko made theoretical discoveries regarding children's musical intonation, that is, the ways in which children perform works of their own folklore repertoire. The structure of the melody of the tunes of the songs intoned by children and game song choruses, their relationship with the features voice apparatus children, creative and musical opportunities, as well as the age of the performers. Using experience and knowledge in this area, rich factual material, he published "Folklore ABC" - Toolkit to teach children folk singing. The method of collecting folklore developed by Naumenko is peculiar. It allowed finding an approach to children, psychologically liberating them, revealing inner world, individual creative nature and the potential of each young performer, identify a rich and varied song and game repertoire and record it.
Naumenko G.M. Russian folk tales, tongue twisters and riddles with tunes
All-Union publishing house "Soviet composer". - M., 1977, - 104 p. Circulation 10000.
Fairy tales are the only works of folklore in which prose texts are intertwined with song inserts, where speech and singing coexist. The intonation of song inserts is unusually varied, plastic and expressive. Using the intonation palette, dynamic shades, timbre colors, the performer with his voice comprehensively conveys the image and character of the character of the fairy tale and his actions. Such a performance can be defined as dramatic, it is peculiar only to this genre.
This collection is the first Russian edition of prose genres with tunes. It includes folk tales with tunes, recorded in the Smolensk region, only fifty samples. (No. 1-50). Among them are magical, everyday fairy tales, fairy tales about animals. Of interest is a number of tales of "buffoons", as well as tales about folk holidays, rituals and seasons. Tongue twisters with tunes - No. 51-58; tests - No. 59-100. Riddles with tunes - No. 101-106; texts no. 107-167.
Naumenko G.M. Zhavoronushki: Russian songs, jokes, tongue twisters, counting rhymes, fairy tales, games
Recording, notation and compilation by G.M. Naumenko. General edition S.I. Pushkina. All-Union publishing house "Soviet composer". - M. Issue. I. - 1977; Issue. II. - 1981; Issue. III. - 1984; Issue. IV. - 1986; Issue. V. - 1988.
Each collection of the "Larks" series introduces readers to new materials on traditional folk music for children and the children themselves. The first issue of "Larks" absorbed the main genres of children's musical folklore. The second introduced him to sometimes unique songs, chants, sentences, children's fun and games dedicated to different seasons, as well as samples of tunes on various folk instruments. The third one is mainly based on the material recorded from the talented Kostroma performer of children's folk songs K.A. Orfelinova. The fourth issue is, as it were, an anthology of children's musical folklore, compiled from printed collections of the 19th-20th centuries (starting with the first single publications of the middle of the 19th century and ending with modern folklore collections). The fifth issue of "Larks" goes beyond the boundaries of only Russian folklore. Its pages feature traditional folk children's songs and games of fifty-five peoples of the Soviet Union.
Larks-I - Part 1 (ADULTS FOR CHILDREN): Lullabies and refrains (No. 1-32); nursery rhymes (No. 33-91); jokes (No. 92-103); fairy tales (No. 104-119). Part 2 (CREATIVITY OF CHILDREN): calendar songs (No. 120-140); sentences (No. 141-183); labor songs and choruses (No. 184-189); dance songs and choruses (No. 190-196); tongue twisters (No. 197-208); counting rhymes (No. 209-219); teasers (No. 220-245); games (No. 246-294). Information about the executors.
Larks-II - Part 1 (ADULTS FOR CHILDREN): game songs and jokes (No. 1-29); fairy tales (No. 30-36). Part 2 (CREATIVITY OF CHILDREN): folk musical calendar - seasons (No. 37-122); teasers (#123-138); jokes (No. 139-170); riddles (No. 171-186); ditties (No. 187-190); instrumental tunes (No. 191-204). Information about the executors. Vocabulary. Recommendation section (bibliography).
Larks-III - Part 1. CHILDREN'S SONGS K.A. ORFELINOVOY: lullabies, pestles, nursery rhymes (No. 1-30); jokes, game and dance songs (No. 31-79); calendar songs, chants, sentences (No. 80-98); counting rhymes, teasers, tongue twisters (No. 99-120). Part 2. GAMES AND TALES: Games and game choruses(No. 121-161); fairy tales (No. 162-181). APPENDIX: "Barin and Foma" National theatrical performance. (S. 88-91). Vocabulary. Information about the executors.
Larks-IV - Foreword. Lullabies, pestles, nursery rhymes (No. 1-42); game songs, jokes, fables (No. 43-92); fairy tales (No. 93-103); calendar songs, chants, sentences (No. 104-181); counting rhymes, teasers, tongue twisters (No. 182-213); games (214-241). Notes (source index). Vocabulary.
Larks-V - Foreword. Lullabies (No. 1-25); pestles, nursery rhymes (No. 26-51); jokes, fables (No. 52-91); game, dance songs (No. 92-113); calendar songs - winter, spring, summer, autumn (No. 114-164); invocations (No. 165-198); sentences (No. 199-229); teasers (No. 230-244); counting rhymes (No. 245-277); games (No. 278-304). Vocabulary. Information about the executors. Music sources.
Naumenko G.M. A wonderful box. Russian folk songs, fairy tales, games, riddles
Compilation, recording and processing by G.M. Naumenko. Drawings by L.N. Korchemkin. Publishing house "Children's literature". - M., 1988, - 208 p.: ill. Circulation 100000.
The book contains works of all genres of children's creativity. They were recorded from children and adult performers in villages and villages in Kalinin, Vladimir, Volgograd, Bryansk, Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Smolensk, Kaluga and other regions.
CONTENTS - Foreword. There is a dream at the windows (Lullabies, pestles, nursery rhymes. S. 9-24). This, brothers, isn't it a miracle? (Jests and fables. S. 25-50). Golden grain (Tales, boring tales. S. 51-68). Silver threads (Riddles. S. 69-94). Spring is red, what did you come for? (Calendar songs. S. 95-116). Burn, sun, brighter! (Challenges and sentences. S. 117-134). Hey guys, take it together! (Labor songs and choruses. S. 135-140). Oh, wider circle! (Game, round dance, dance songs, ditties. S. 141-156). First-born friends (Counting, tongue twisters, teasers. S. 157-186). A hare runs and jumps (Games. S. 187-200). Explanation and dictionary. What can be read in children's folklore. (S. 201-205).
Naumenko G.M. Rain, rain, stop! Russian folk children's musical creativity
Recording, notation, compilation and notes by G.M. Naumenko; introductory article by G.M. Naumenko, G.T. Yakunina; photos by A.V. Purtova. Publishing house "Soviet composer". - M., 1988, - 192 p.: ill. Circulation 20000.
The publication contains about 200 samples of traditional children's folk music. Its various genres are for the first time fully represented in the records from the children themselves. The collection consists of three sections. The first section is calendar folklore (songs of ancient rites and holidays - carols, Shrovetide, stoneflies, Egorievsk, dragging, Semitsk, etc.: invocations and sentences). The second section is amusing folklore (funny jokes, funny fables, mischievous teasers). The third section is game folklore (intoned rhymes and game refrains performed in games).
Contents of the collection - CALENDAR FOLKLORE: calendar songs (No. 1-38); invocations (No. 39-61); sentences (No. 62-99). FUNNY FOLKLORE: jokes, fables (No. 100-120); teasers (No. 121-150). GAME FOLKLORE: rhymes (No. 151-172); games (No. 173-190); games with a doll (No. 191-194). In the conclusion of the collection are placed: notes (information about the performers); bibliography.
Naumenko G.M. Kitten cat. Russian folk children's songs
Collected and processed by G.M. Naumenko. Drawings by G. Skotina. Publishing house "Dom". - M., 1990, - 112 p.: ill. Circulation 100000.
The book "Kitten-Kitten" invites you to the world of childhood, to the world that every person comes into contact with from the first days of his life. It presents children's songs and games created by the people for their adults to perform for young children. They were collected by the author of the book during the folklore expeditions of 1965-1988 in Kostroma, Ivanovo, Nizhny Novgorod, Smolensk, Kursk, Bryansk and other regions. These works have great value for raising a child. They were the very first musical and poetic creations heard by the child, they were remembered by him, through them he learned native language, native motives, physically developed in games, through them he got acquainted with the outside world. The book consists of four sections.
Naumenko G.M. Golden sickle. Russian folk tales
Collected and retold by G.M. Naumenko. Drawings by N. Trepenok. Publishing house "Kid". - M., 1994, - 80 p.: ill. Circulation 100000.
Book of fairy tales about animals. They were recorded by the author in numerous folklore expeditions to the villages and villages of Russia. For the first time, it was possible to record previously unknown plots of fairy tales, for example: "Pike and Ruff", "Like a Wolf Lived with a Man", "About the Capercaillie", etc. All fairy tales are given in literary processing and are intended for children of preschool age.
CONTENTS - Golden sickle (5), Like a wolf lived with a man (9), Man and bear (13), Pike and ruff (17), Beavers and trees (21), Pockmarked egg (23), Frog and sandpiper (29) , How a ram and a pig went to trade (33), About a goat (35), Ship (39), How mice divided flour (43), Fox, wolf and bear (45), About a mouse (49), Frost and a hare (53 ), Animals and a trough (55), About a capercaillie (59), Why an owl catches mice (61), A hare and a beaver (65), A stream and a stone (69), Chuvilyushka (71). Dictionary (78).
Naumenko G.M., Yakunina G.T. Sun-bucket. Children's musical folklore of the Arkhangelsk region
Recording, notation and compilation by G.M. Naumenko, G.T. Yakunina. Photos by M. Lugovsky. Publishing house "Belaya Gornitsa". - Arkhangelsk, 1994, - 144 p.: ill. Circulation 5000.
The book "Sun-bucket" is an attempt to bring together grains of folk wisdom, folk warmth, which were intended for the child from the moment he was born, nursing (the first part of the book) until the moment when the children themselves begin to perform sentences, chants, counting rhymes, game choruses (second part of the book). Here is the world of childhood forgotten and dear, recognizable and unfamiliar. The musical and poetic folk art of the Russian North is generous and rich. Children's musical folklore is collected in villages and villages in several districts of the Arkhangelsk region - Leshukonsky, Primorsky, Onega and Kargapolsky.
Naumenko G.M. folklore alphabet
Publishing Center "Academy". - M., 1996, - 136 p. Circulation 10000.
The book was created as a guide to the course "Introduction to Ethnology", developed for elementary school. The author presents the concept of a methodology for teaching children folk singing, taking into account new information about the singing abilities of children and their musical intonation (a method for teaching the most important vocal and choral skills: polyphonic singing, singing without accompaniment, development of hearing, voice, breathing, diction).
CONTENTS - Introduction (5). Periodization of childhood ages (9). Children's musical intonation (10). Physiological and vocal features of children's voice (32). Prerequisites and conditions for musical development (39). Children's musical folklore (50). Choral art and folk song (57). Children's folk choir (61). Repertoire (65). Vocal and choral work (86). Education of the skill of polyphonic singing (94). musical folklore in kindergarten and school (108). Experience in teaching children folk singing (115). List of used literature (130). Addition: Children's instrumental music (131).
Naumenko G.M. Velizh songs. Musical folklore of the Smolensk region
Recording, notation and compilation by G.M. Naumenko. Publishing house "Guslyar". - M., 1997, - 60 p. Edition 50.
The collection includes one hundred folk songs collected and notated by G.M. Naumenko. The recordings were made in 1966-1973 in the Velizh region. This area is located in the northwestern part of the Smolensk region. From the north it borders on the Pskov region, and from the east on the Tver region; from the west it is surrounded by Belarusian lands. Neighborhood with these regions, their cultural environment undoubtedly influenced the musical and poetic content of the Velizh songs, many of which go back to ancient times.
Velizh songs are of great artistic and scientific interest. They are published for the first time, because if some texts have close variants, then the tunes are original and are unknown in the publications of song folklore.
The songs in the collection are arranged by genre: the first are lyrical songs (No. 1-26); then songs of calendar holidays and rituals: winter, spring-summer, autumn (No. 27-80); and concludes with Wedding Songs (Nos. 81-100).
At the end of the collection, information about the performers of Velizh songs and a brief bibliography of publications of folklore materials by G.M. Naumenko.
(The collection "Velizh Songs" differs from others published by G.M. Naumenko in that it is the only folklore collection in his creative activity dedicated to adult musical folklore. It was published in a small edition and distributed through the Book Fund only to libraries).
Naumenko G.M. Russian children's horror stories
Told and painted by G.M. Naumenko. Publishing house "Classics plus". - M., 1997, - 128 p.: ill. Circulation 10000.
In folklore expeditions to various parts of Russia, collecting folk songs and fairy tales, G.M. Naumenko heard various scary stories, bylichki, stories from children and adult performers.
Naumenko G.M. Ethnography of childhood
Recording, compilation, notations, photographs by G.M. Naumenko. Drawings by G. Skotina. Publishing house "Belovodie". - M., 1998, - 400 p.: ill. Circulation 3500.
The book "Ethnography of Childhood" was composed of genuine stories of Russian peasants - the keepers of the most original folk culture, language, tunes, rituals - dedicated to conception and birth, baptism and nurturing, treatment, feeding and raising a child. The Kuban Cossacks and Doukhobors of the south of Russia, the Arkhangelsk Pomors and the Ust-Tsilm Komi songwriters, the Nizhny Novgorod storytellers and the Sekiren strands of the Ryazan region, the Old Believers of Uralsk and the Semey Transbaikalia of Siberia, and many others told stories. Recordings were made from 1970 to 1993.
The book "Ethnography of childhood" consists of thirteen sections.
CONTENTS - Introduction "Kind children are the crown of the house" (P. 3 / Written by the candidate of philological sciences M.Yu. Novitskaya). Preface (7), I. IN BURDEN - Children are the grace of God (13). For every night - a son and a daughter (15). Nightingale dreams (19). In holy time (23). II. HOMELAND - Like water drains from an egg (27). Get your business done (29). During childbirth (38). Like heat from a heater (47). Born in a shirt (54). I took it into the world (57). Babi Day (66). In the homelands (72). III. BAPTISM - Near Sunday (73). Call to godfathers (75). Immersion in the font (80). Christening table (85). Babin porridge (91). Christening songs (98). Blurring of hands (103). IV. NAME DAYS - Spiritual birth (107). Birthday cake (109). V. ORPHANAGE AND DEATH - From yard to yard (114). To the next world (116). Conductors (124). At the funeral (130). VI. CRADLE - Under the mother on the eyelet (131). Motion sickness (140). VII. NURSING - It is warm under the sun, but good under the mother (151). First tooth (161). VIII. TOYS - Sawdust, gooseneck and windmill (173). IX. SPELLS - Whose spirit will fall in love (183). Evil eye (185). Flash and nightlight (201). Hernia (214). Molds and bristles (221). Not from a stone to fruit (228). Knit knots (234). Ore, uraz, burn (237). Dewy water, earwig and youngster (242). Crush packs (247). On a hot brick (252). Parent and dog old age (254). X. NUTRITION - Horn and Icicle (261). You will not feed the small, you will not see the old (267). XI. CLOTHING AND Utensils - Swaddle and rewinder (276). Cleaners (279). Sidushka, stand, walker (284). XII. ROYS - Pushers-stags (291). patties, patties (317). XIII. Education - We ran in Karagod (326). With a good life (326). He knew how to give birth to a child, know how to teach (333).
NOTES (343). DICTIONARY (365). INFORMATION ABOUT PERFORMERS (371). LIST OF MATERIALS AND STUDIES (385). ABOUT THE AUTHOR (387).
Naumenko G.M. Games and game choruses
In Sat: One, two, three, four, five, we are going to play with you. Russian children's play folklore. A book for teachers and students. Photos by A.V. Purtova. Publishing house "Enlightenment". - M., 1995. S. 93-193. From notes. Circulation 30000.
The section "Games and game refrains" contains more than 120 children's games, round dances and their variants with tunes. They were recorded in numerous folklore expeditions of G.M. Naumenko in the villages and villages of Russia, in the period from 1970 to 1993.
CONTENTS - I. Blind Man's Buff. Mill. Into the jump. Into the ice. Into the ball. In podkidy. Hide and Seek. Blizzard. Along the stem. In chain. To the corners. The boat is rocking. In the ears. Tsapki. Ocean is shaking. Water. Twelve sticks. Spin it, rose. In turntables. Churilka. In jugs. Bath-grandmother. Roll the caravan. Rope stick. Bunny. Boiled turnip. Diving. Yula (S. 93-115). II. Into a bear. In paint. Fontanelle. The rooks are flying. Into a ring. In a kite. Into a crow. Burners. Cabbage. Wolf and sheep. Baba Yaga. bees. Golden Gate. In woodpecker. Zarya-Zarya. Geese-geese. Yerykalishe. Girl and bear. Grandfather Mazai. Sparrow thief. In pots. In an owl. Silent. Hare and wolf. Pockets. Whitefly swallows. The goat walked through the forest. Cool mountain. Geese and wolf. To the tambourine Birds. Berries. Cat and mouse. Edible and inedible. Fox fox. Are you going to the ball? To the gardener. Komarik. In lids. Spider bug. In nuts (pp. 115-152). III. Who is with us. Lizard. Lenok. Sparrow. Apple tree. Deer - golden horns. Boyars. Utena. Plowmen and reapers. Laziness. Radish. Goat. In poppies. Into a ball. Wreath. Zainka. Peas. Birch. Kozynka. Hop. Shuttle. In turnip. The ribbons are stretching. Verbochka. In tap dance. Vanya the Cossack. Needle and thread. Poplar. Sparrow. Hide the wreath. Drake and duck. Oak. Sandman. Birch gate. Kostroma. Silent. (S. 152-193).
NOTES. Information about the performers (p. 217-222).
In the funds of the Russian State Military Historical Archive in Moscow and the State Archive Krasnodar Territory documents are kept about the life and work of the famous general of the Russian Imperial Army Vyacheslav Grigoryevich Naumenko (1883-1979). Historical documents describe him as a brilliant officer and famous military general during the First World War.
VG Naumenko came from the family of a military foreman of the village of Petrovskaya Kuban region; nobleman, graduated from the Voronezh Cadet Corps, then the Nikolaev Cavalry School in St. Petersburg. In 1903 he was sent to serve in the 1st Poltava Cossack Regiment, in 1911 he entered the Military Academy, after which he was sent to the General Staff. At the beginning of the First World War, he served in the 1st Kuban Cossack Division, took part in the battles from August 1914 to January 1917, was awarded military orders and St. George's weapons.
In November 1917, he arrived in the city of Yekaterinodar and was appointed chief of staff, then commander of the troops of the Kuban region; participant of the 1st and 2nd Kuban campaigns. The honor of liberating Yekaterinodar on August 2, 1918 from the Bolsheviks belongs to V.G. Naumenko and his Kornilov cavalry regiment.
Naumenko's brilliant service in combat units, valiant command of a regiment, brigade and corps, successful activity as chief of staff, commander of the troops of the Kuban region, member of the Kuban regional government and marching ataman of the Kuban Cossack army naturally nominated him in the years civil war in a number of major figures of the White movement.
The most valuable source on the history of the Civil War in the South of Russia are the diaries of General Naumenko, which he kept from 1918 to 1953. Diaries in 2000 handed over to storage in State Archive The daughter of General Natalia Vyacheslavovna Nazarenko of the Krasnodar Territory.1 Natalia Vyacheslavovna was born in August 1919 in the city of Yekaterinodar, now she lives in the Russian monastery Novoe Diveevo, in the state of New York (USA).
In total, the collection of diaries of V.G. Naumenko consists of 42 notebooks. Thematically, the contents of the diaries can be conditionally divided into 4 sections. The first diaries date back to the period of the Civil War and evacuation to the Crimea in 1918-1920. They were written mostly in pencil, in field conditions, the text on many pages is already fading away. Of the combat operations of the Volunteer Army, the battles for Yekaterinodar in August 1918, the Ulagay landing in August 1920, and the Zadneprovsk operation in the fall of 1920 are described.
The second section is devoted to the life and work in the 1920s-1930s in exile - Fr. Lemnos, Serbia. The third section - 1941-1949 The events of the Second World War, the rescue of the Regalia of the Kuban Cossack army, the organization of the movement of Cossacks from Europe to the USA, Australia and other countries are described. The diaries of the fourth section contain descriptions of the organization of life and activities of the Kuban Cossacks in the United States.
In diaries relating to the period of the Civil War, Naumenko analyzes the failures of the defeat of the White Army, the relationship between individuals. Excerpts from these diaries were partially published by him in Serbia in 1924 under the pseudonym V. Melnikovsky.2
This is the maiden name of his mother, the daughter of a military judge of the Kuban Cossack army. A special place in the diaries for 1920 is given to the relationship of the Kuban Cossacks and personally General Naumenko with the Commander-in-Chief of the All-Union Socialist Republic, General P.N. Wrangel. Each notebook of diaries begins with the epigraph: "What my eyes saw and ears heard."
General Wrangel arrived in Yekaterinodar on August 25, 1918. In his memoirs, he described the situation in the city, at the headquarters of the army commander, General A.I. Denikin, his appointment as the command of the 1st Cavalry Division and the first meeting with Naumenko in the battle near the village of Temirgoevskaya, Maikop Department on August 29.
Here is what Wrangel wrote: “Of the two brigade commanders, I had an excellent assistant in the person of the commander of the 1st brigade of the general staff, Colonel Naumenko, a brave and capable officer.”3
Wrangel, describing the battles and the defeat of the Red Army in the Kuban, repeatedly mentions the merits of General Naumenko, his talent and courage, calling him "the most worthy and brilliant officer", whom he introduced for production to major general.4 During this period, General Naumenko leads a large organizational work on the creation of the Kuban army, which did not find support from the commander-in-chief, General Denikin.5
Judging by Naumenko's diaries, Wrangel had a negative attitude towards the idea of autonomy for the Kuban Cossacks and the creation of the Kuban army. In April 1920, he made a major mistake when, at the request of Ataman N.A. Bukretov, he ordered the recall of military generals Ulagay, Shkuro, Babiyev and Naumenko from senior command posts in the Kuban Army.
This is how this situation is described in Naumenko's diary: “April 10, 1920, he was assigned to arrive in Sochi, where General Ulagai and the Terek ataman arrived. Here Ulagai and Shkuro told about the state of affairs. Atamans Donskoy and Tersky decided to transport their Cossacks to the Crimea. Ulagai insisted on the transfer of the Kuban, but Bukretov categorically opposed this, saying that not a single Kuban would follow to the Crimea. Then Ulagai refused command of the army and took over from Bukretov, who declared that the Kuban army was combat-ready, set up perfectly and ready to fight, but Shkuro, Babiyev, Naumenko, whose presence in the army was not desirable, were hindering the whole thing. As a result, General Wrangel gave the order to recall us to his disposal. Moreover, Ulagay added that Bukretov wants us to leave before his arrival in Sochi. So, we, the Cossacks - Ulagay, Shkuro, Babiev and I, are out of work, and we were replaced - Bukretov, Morozov. 6
For the generals recalled by Wrangel to the Crimea, as well as for the entire army, this was a complete surprise. The army was beheaded.
V.G. Naumenko traveled to Sevastopol on an English ship. “We came to Yalta,” Vyacheslav Grigorievich writes in his diary, “on April 14 in the evening. We spent the night at sea. In the evening they brought a gramophone on deck, which played some strange dances, and the English danced. We had dinner at 11 pm, but our officers were not invited to this dinner. My impression of this trip is the most unpleasant. We Russians are ignored by the British. I don’t know how I will feel abroad, but I will have to go there.
In Yalta, I stopped at 6, Bulvarnaya Street. I saw little of Yalta, but I made good impression. On the 17th at 8.30 we arrived in Sevastopol. The first person I met was General Shatalov. He spoke about the state of affairs, and, among other things, said that after Romanovsky's death, copies of letters to me were found among the papers, and he showed one of them. So, there was surveillance… From all the conversations, I concluded that there was no unanimity in the headquarters and that there was no certainty that Crimea would be retained either. I am convinced that the help of the allies gives little. There are a lot of neutral ships in the bay, but they are all more curious.”7
In Sevastopol, having met with generals Shkuro, Babiyev and Tobin, an officer of his headquarters, Naumenko learned about the events of April 17-19 in Adler and the surrender of the Kuban army by Ataman Bukretov and General Morozov in the amount of 34 thousand Cossacks to the Bolsheviks. Bukretov himself fled to Georgia, handing over the ataman's mace to the Chairman of the Regional Government VN Ivanis. “To everyone’s surprise,” wrote Naumenko, “General Wrangel received Ivanis in the Crimea very kindly.”8
From Naumenko's diary: “Tobin said that after the surrender, the Reds immediately separated the Cossacks from the officers, ordered them to drop their weapons, and then began to rob everyone. The Cossacks were indignant, a fight began, as a result, part of the Cossacks mounted horses and left. Bukretov and the Reds tried to hide the arrival of transports from the Cossacks, as a result of which many who wished to dive remained. Most outrageous of all behaved Morozov, who went to negotiate with the Bolsheviks with a red bow on his chest. Thus ended the struggle of the Kuban in the Caucasus. The Cossacks were sold by Bukretov, Morozov, and now it is clear what the commander-in-chief did big mistake, succumbing to the tricks of Bukretov. As soon as we left, peace negotiations began, and there was no one to support the bewildered Cossacks.”9
In the diary entries for April 17-18, 1920, Naumenko's meetings are described, both with the Kuban and Wrangel's staff officers, eyewitness accounts of the tragic death of the Kuban army are recorded. The first meeting with Wrangel, which took place on April 18, is described: “In the evening I was at Wrangel’s, but he asked me to come in tomorrow at 7 pm, since the conversation is going to be long, and his time is scheduled by the hour. He asked me if I had received his letter informing me of his departure abroad. Not received. Obviously, it, like Shatilov's last letter, was intercepted by Romanovsky's agents. After Wrangel, I was with Colonel Danilov, who told me about the recall of us to the command of the commander-in-chief and that at the same time an order was given by the ataman to prohibit any of the members of the army from leaving with us. This made a depressing impression, since many officers and Cossacks were going to leave with us for the Crimea.”10
The next day, a detailed conversation between Wrangel and Naumenko took place: “I just returned from General Wrangel on the evening of April 19. He offered me a staff position, but I asked to be given the opportunity to visit the house. When I said that in case of a difficult situation for the family, I intend to transport her here, he said that it was dangerous. As for the Kubans, his proposal was to transfer them here, organize them and transfer them to the Taman Peninsula in two months. General Wrangel believes in an uprising in the Kuban, but I believe that now it is impossible. Performance is possible in July or August, i.е. after harvesting the grain that the Bolsheviks wish to socialize. Wrangel told me about his conversations with Bukretov, he constantly complained about the Kuban generals that we were a hindrance to everything. Wrangel finds that now is the time to throw Bukretov out of the atamanship and accept this position for me. I categorically refused.”11
On the evening of April 22, General Babiev arrived in Sevastopol, who described in detail the events of the surrender of the Kuban army: “With this information,” continues Naumenko, “the three of us, Bogaevsky, Babiev and I, went to Wrangel. He received us immediately and said that he had received information about this from the British and that the situation was far from being so bad that the best units, including 9 thousand people, were sailing to Feodosia, part of the Cossacks had gone to Georgia, part to the mountains and Krasnaya Polyana, and only an insignificant part surrendered to the Bolsheviks (34 thousand) - this is an insignificant part! Here we discussed the question of what to do next and decided, perhaps, to organize the Kuban as soon as possible.”12
In the summer of 1920, Naumenko took part as the commander of the 2nd Corps in the unsuccessful landing of General Ulagai on the Kuban. From the diary: “We left the Kuban on August 24 at 6 pm, taking everything we could. They left several hundred wagons and up to 100 horses, for which there was no place on the ships. We lost about 3,000 people (700 killed, the rest wounded). They came from the Kuban with more than they left. There were 14,000 people, it became 17,000. There were 4,000 horses, there were about 7. There were 28 guns, there were 36. From Achuev, the troops were transported to Kerch, Babiev was sent to Northern Tavria, the Kuban government to Feodosia. Filimonov immediately left for Bulgaria. August 27 left Kerch for Sevastopol. In the morning I was at Wrangel's. Received kindly, but with a preoccupied look. He attributes the main reason for the failure in the Kuban to the wrong actions of Ulagay. I disagreed with him and pointed out that main reason I consider unsatisfactory training on the part of the headquarters of the commander-in-chief.”13
Quite a few examples are given in the diary entries that testify to Wrangel's ambition and his insincerity both in relation to General Naumenko and in general to the Kuban Cossacks. So, in September 1920, Naumenko wrote with great disappointment and bitterness about Wrangel's policy: “Having considered the situation of the Kuban issue and the attitude of the main command towards it, I came to the conclusion that Ivanis is beneficial to the main command, with him they hope to take the Cossacks into their own hands. Pay attention to the details: Laying kept in the shade, Tkachev as chieftain is considered completely impossible. They don’t let me get involved in the organization’s business.”14
In November 1920, V.G. Naumenko, wounded in the last battles on the Dnieper, was evacuated to Serbia. Meanwhile, on November 19, on the island of Lemnos, where up to 18 thousand Cossacks were concentrated, all available members of the Rada gathered, and General Naumenko was elected ataman of the Kuban. This was telegraphed to him by a member of the Lemnos Rada D.E.Skobtsov. Diary entry: “Today I received a telegram from Skobtsov about my election to chieftain. We will have to agree, because in such a difficult time it is impossible to refuse. The Kuban people are completely in the pen.”15
In January 1921, 10 meetings between General Wrangel and Naumenko took place, during which Wrangel put forward such options for organizing the Cossack troops, which, from the point of view of Naumenko, could only disperse the Cossacks. Each meeting at Wrangel ended with a demand to introduce into the declaration proposed by Naumenko on the Union of the three Cossack troops - Don, Kuban and Terek, the leading role of the commander in chief. V.G. Naumenko noted in his diary "that, being a talented commander, he is surprisingly frivolous in other respects." At one of the meetings in Constantinople in January 1921, discussing the failures of the landing on the Kuban, Wrangel said: “This is for the best, after this failure the Cossacks must understand that they cannot do anything. He will prepare the next landing differently and with more non-Cossack units.”16
In 1921, more than 12 thousand Kuban Cossacks were transported from the island of Lemnos to Yugoslavia, and from there they settled in many countries.
In 1923 there was a final break between Naumenko and Wrangel. Naumenko wrote down Wrangel's words about relations with the Kuban Cossacks: "In this matter, let history judge us."17
According to the memoirs of the daughter of V.G. Naumenko, he was in 1923-1924. conducted a correspondence with P.N. Wrangel, in which the issues of failures and defeats during the Civil War, the fate of the Cossacks in exile were discussed. Letters in 1979 were transferred by Natalia Vyacheslavovna for storage to the Kuban Military Museum, which is located in the state of New Jersey. Unfortunately, the author could not find them. Apparently, the letters were not preserved in the museum. According to the memoirs of Natalia Vyacheslavovna, Naumenko, while still in Russia, sharply opposed Wrangel's idea to leave most of the Cossacks in the Kuban in 1920 to organize resistance and uprisings. In exile, Naumenko also spoke out against sending military graduates to Soviet Russia. educational institutions where almost all of them died.
General Naumenko and his family carried the name of a Russian citizen with honor and dignity throughout the years of emigration, both in Serbia and in the United States. Naumenko did not accept the citizenship of those states in which he lived in exile, although he was repeatedly offered this. The answer was always the same - "I was born and served Russia, and I will die a Russian citizen." In exile, the ataman was not only a well-known public figure, writer, published the Kuban literary and historical collection, but also created Cossack museums in Belgrade and New York, where Cossack regalia and relics were kept.
Researchers, historians, biographers and contemporaries note the enormous role of Naumenko in the preservation of Russian military-historical traditions by the Kuban Cossacks in exile. Documents from the archives of the Russian emigration, abroad and in Russian Federation, testify that V.G. Naumenko has always been a supporter of a united and indivisible Russia and waged an uncompromising struggle against the independent movement in exile.
The pages of diaries and memoirs left the bitterness of defeat, sadness about the abandoned Russia, disputes and disagreements between these two generals of the Russian army, who were never able to combine their efforts in the fight against the Bolsheviks.
Naumenko Georgy Markovich (1945, Moscow) - folklorist-musicologist, ethnographer, writer.
He has a musical and pedagogical education. Member of the Union of Composers of Russia. He devoted all his creative activity to collecting and studying Russian musical and poetic folklore. Most actively went on creative expeditions to various regions and regions of Russia and recorded works of folk art.
He has published more than a hundred books and music collections. They published several thousand works of folklore. Of great interest is the author's work of Naumenko.
Popular with young readers are his numerous folklore-style stories: fairy tales, horror stories, poems for children. He is also the author of fundamental popular science, philosophical, religious and esoteric books: "Secrets of Consciousness"; "Aliens and earthlings"; "All about UFOs"; “Obvious about the secret. The science of the birth, deeds, resurrection of Christ”; "The Great Mystery of Being"; "Aliens from the Past"
This tragic page in the life of the Cossacks and all those “in the dispersion of beings” will forever remain a grave sin on the conscience of the “cultural” West.
Most of these people, starting in 1917, led an armed struggle against communism. Some were forced to emigrate from Russia in 1920 and continued their participation in the campaign against the Bolsheviks with the outbreak of World War II in Europe.
Others, who experienced the decossackization and famine in the USSR, the “black boards” and repressions of the twenties and thirties, with the arrival of the Germans in the Cossack lands in 1942, resisted the Soviet authorities and retreated with the German troops in 1943, leaving tens of thousands with their families , well understanding what awaits them as a result of "liberation".
As the Red Army advanced into Europe, the Cossacks moved farther and farther to the West, hoping that they would eventually fall into the territory occupied by the troops of the United States and England, whose governments would give them shelter as political refugees. However, the hopes were in vain.
The Bolsheviks regarded the Cossacks as the most dangerous enemies for themselves, in every possible way compromised them, seeking total extradition from the allies.
By the time the Second World War ended in Germany and Austria, and also, partially, in France, Italy, Czechoslovakia and some other states Western Europe, according to the Main Directorate Cossack troops(GUKV), there were up to 110 thousand Cossacks.
Of these, over 20 thousand, including the elderly, women and children - in the Cossack Camp of the Camping Ataman T. I. Domanov, in southern Austria, on the banks of the Drava River near Lienz.
Up to 45 thousand people made up the 15th Cossack Cavalry Corps (15th KKK) under the command of Lieutenant General Helmut von Pannwitz, concentrated in southern Austria, north of the city of Klagenfurt.
Many Cossacks in the form of separate hundreds, squadrons, companies, platoons and teams were in different German units, and were also scattered throughout Germany and Austria, in German military institutions, in factories, in the “Todt organization”, at work with peasants, etc. d.
In addition, they were part of the Cossack regiment and single-handedly in parts of the Russian Corps and thousands in the Russian Liberation Army (ROA) of General A. A. Vlasov, not allocated to separate Cossack units.
Almost all the Cossacks were handed over - for torment and death. The symbol of the tragedy was the Austrian city of Lienz last days May - early June 1945.
Over the past ten years, a number of works on this topic have been published in our country (this was done abroad much earlier, as will be discussed below).
But few people know that the first book published in Russian about the Lienz tragedy and everything connected with it was the work of the General Staff of Major General V. G. Naumenko "The Great Betrayal", published in New York (1- th volume - 1962, 2nd - 1970). He began to collect materials for this book in the form of testimonies of direct participants and victims of the joint action of the Allies and the Soviets from July 1945.
Publishing them as they become available in "Information" on a rotator in the camps of Kempten, Füssen and Memmingen (the American zone of occupation in Germany), and then in the form of periodic "Collections on the forced extradition of Cossacks in Lienz and other places", General Naumenko carried out his work in for 15 years, breaking through the veil of lies. These materials became the basis, and a look from inside the events - the main advantage of this work.
The first part of the book tells about the extradition of the inhabitants of the Cossack Camp to the Bolsheviks, terrible in its cruelty. The Cossacks traveled thousands of kilometers - from the banks of the Don, Kuban and Terek to the Alps - on horseback, in wagons and on foot, from the birthplace of the Cossack Camp, a military camp in the village of Grechany (six kilometers from the city of Proskurov) - to their Golgotha on the banks Drava.
More than 2,200 officers were issued to the Red Command from Cossack Camp alone, invited "to the conference" on May 28, 1945. The remaining defenseless and unarmed old men, women and children were raped by armed British soldiers.
The Cossacks were not as strong as a quarter of a century ago. Physical and moral extermination, a long stay in prisons and camps in the USSR (as one of the extradited ones said: “I lived in the soviets for 25 years, ten of them were in prisons, and fifteen were wanted, so I absolutely do not believe them”) undermined them former power. But even decapitated, without their officers and combatant Cossacks, they put up stubborn resistance: they were killed and wounded by English soldiers, crushed by tanks, hung in the forest and drowned in the river.
The second part contains a continuation of materials about the betrayal of the Allies on the Drava River, in other places - in Italy, France and England, about the forced extradition of the ranks of the 15th Cossack Cavalry Corps, General Pannwitz, who voluntarily remained with his Cossacks.
The same fate befell the North Caucasian highlanders, whose camp was located near the Cossack Camp.
Cases of extradition of some groups and persons who do not belong to the Cossacks are given. These included violent actions against Serbian Chetniks led by generals Mushitsky and Rupnik and sending them to Tito's partisans.
There are typical cases of “technical” extradition of people, for example, the Varyag regiment under the command of Colonel M. A. Semenov in Italy. There were also Cossacks in the ranks of this regiment.
Being one of the four members of the GUKV since its creation in March 1944, at times replacing the head of the Directorate of the cavalry general P. N. Krasnov, V. G. Naumenko had sufficient information and was one of the main actors those events.
They identified the first victims of the tragedy. He spoke about the bloody arrest of the Colonel of the Terek Army, a member of the GUKV N. L. Kulakov, about the actions against the Cossacks even before they were sent to Soviet concentration camps: according to the testimonies of the Austrians, the working suburbs of Judenburg, in June-July 1945 at a huge steel plant, dismantled and empty , executions were carried out day and night; then suddenly smoke poured out of its chimneys. The plant "worked" for five and a half days ...
In all the renditions, the Reds were presented with conscious enemies of the Soviet government, who, upon returning “home”, were waiting for concentration camps scattered throughout the country, thirty years ago and did not exist on the map Russian Empire. The camps were also awaited by millions of prisoners of war, who never were and could not be in the history of the Russian Army.
One of the oldest generals of Volunteerism, the Kuban Army Ataman from 1920 to 1958, V. G. Naumenko corresponded with many people - from an ordinary Cossack to British Prime Minister W. Churchill.
The paradox of history (probably "English"), but Churchill, being an ally of the White armies in the fight against the Bolsheviks in the civil war in Russia, a quarter of a century later, by signing the Yalta agreements, became the culprit of extradition to the councils of millions of people, of which tens of thousands were white warriors :
“... On a multimillion-dollar bloody account that began with a dastardly murder royal family, the immeasurable poison of Yalta is also brought in - endless forced repatriations.
By all means, distorting the points of the Yalta agreement, cunningly and cunningly using the ignorance of the allies, the Bolsheviks summed up this account of former opponents - participants in the White movement - to a bloody conclusion.
These enemies were old, persecuted for almost three decades, necessary for retribution, who had previously escaped the hands of the "cheers". The enemies were hardened, irreconcilable counter-revolutionaries of 1917-1922. White Guards of all stripes, all White armies. There were Denikin, Mamontov, Krasnov, Shkurin, Kolchak, Hetman, Petliur, Makhnovist, Kutepovites - all who had gone through the difficult path of emigration through the islands of death Princes, Lemnos, Cyprus. They all passed and carried with them intransigence. Experienced the caress and bitterness of the reception of hospitable foreign states, kingdoms, the heat of the colonial islands and the cold of the northern dominions. All of them had gone through a school... of a harsh life in foreign countries, and they all loved their homeland, as they hated those temporary enslavers, with whom now, on the verge of death, they had to meet again, but not in open battle, but defenseless, betrayed by the flagrant injustice of Yalta... »