Before we memorize notes, we need to get acquainted with some musical terms, namely, what is a stave (staff), treble and bass clefs, note.

A musical staff (or staff) is a set of horizontal strips (rulers) on which notes are located. There are 5 main bands, but there may be extension lines that can be located above and below the main bands. Notes are located both on the rulers and between them.

There are only 7 notes: DO, RE, MI, FA, SOL, LA, SI.
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All notes are always repeated, but at different heights, forming octaves.

Music staff with notes for children

Piano keyboard with notes for kids

For ease of perception, we put special stickers on the keyboard keys. In this example, 3 octaves are displayed - this is enough to start acquaintance and play your first works. Instructions and the stickers themselves can be taken from this article.

A bit of theory

At the beginning of musical strips there is always a key - a special symbol that determines the pitch value of all rulers. There are two clefs: treble and bass. What are two keys for? The piano is played, as a rule, in two hands, while right hand plays in the treble clef, and the left one plays in the bass clef. The staves are displayed together.

Notes can be written in any key. However, recording high notes in the bass will be extremely inconvenient, since a large number of additional lines will be needed. Essentially, the bass clef's musical lines are extensions of the very low notes of the treble clef.

Music notation is a kind of language that all musicians understand. Those who decide to try their hand at music need to get acquainted with this language. Everything is not as difficult as it might seem.

Every musical sound is defined by four physical properties:

1. tall
2. duration
3. volume
4. timbre (color)

With the help of musical notation, the musician receives information about all these properties of the sounds that he is going to sing or play on a musical instrument.

Sound pitch (pitch)

All musical sounds are arranged in single system – scale. This is a series in which all sounds go one after another in order, from the lowest to the highest sounds, or vice versa, from high to low. The scale is divided into parts - octaves, which contain a set of notes: DO, RE, MI, FA, SOL, LA, SI.

If we turn to the piano keyboard, then in the center of the keyboard, usually opposite the name, is the first octave. To the right of the first octave, above, is the second octave, then the third, fourth and fifth (consisting of only one note “do”). Below, to the left of the first octave, there is a small octave, a large octave, a counter-octave and a subcontro-octave (consisting of the white keys la and si).

They are depicted in the form of empty or shaded (shaded) ovals - heads. Stems can be added to the heads on the right or left - vertical sticks and tails (tails are called flags).

If the stem of a note is directed upwards, then it is written with right side, and if down - from the left. When writing notes, the following rule applies: up to the 3rd line, the stems of notes should be directed upwards, and starting from the 3rd line - down.

Used to write and read music stave (staff). The musical staff consists of five parallel lines (rulers) for recording notes, numbered from bottom to top. The notes of the scale are written on the staff: on the rulers, under the rulers or above the rulers. If the main 5 rulers are not enough to record the note, then additional rulers are introduced, which are added above or below the stave. The higher the note sounds, the higher it is located on the rulers. However, if a musical key is not placed on the stave (stave), then the position of the notes on the stave indicates the pitch only approximately: higher or lower.

Musical key is a reference point that indicates the position of a note with a particular defined pitch. The key must be placed at the beginning of any staff. If there is a key, then knowing where one note is written, you can easily determine the position of another note. The musical notation is more compact, and it is convenient to read the notes when most of the notes are on the main lines of the stave, without additional lines above and below, so there are many musical keys in music. Despite the fact that the total sound range of various voices and musical instruments is about 8 octaves, the range of a single voice or musical instrument usually much narrower, which is reflected in the names of musical keys: soprano - for the soprano register, alto - for alto, tenor - for tenor, bass - for bass (abbreviated as SATB).

Musical keys can be divided into 3 groups:

Key “Salt”- indicates the location of the note "Sol" of the first octave. This key came from latin letter G, denoting the note "Sol". The “Sol” clefs include the Treble and Old French clefs, they look like this.

Key "F"- indicates the location of the note "F" of the small octave. There was a key to the letter of the Latin F (two dots are two crossbars of the letter F). These include the Bass clef, Basoprofund and Baritone clefs. They look like this.

Key “Before”- indicates the location of the note “Do” of the first octave. Derived from the Latin letter C, which stands for the note "Do". These clefs include the Soprano (aka Treble) clef, Mezzo-soprano, Alto and Baritone clefs (the Baritone clef can be designated not only as the clef of the “F” group, but also as the clef of the “C” group). The “Before” keys look like this

The following figure shows various musical keys

Source — https://commons.wikimedia.org , author — Strunin

There are also neutral keys for drum parts and guitar parts (so-called tablature).

Notes intended for performance by a group of musicians are often combined into scores, in which a separate line, a separate staff, is assigned for each instrument, voice or part. The entire score is first united by a solid vertical initial line, and the staves of several parts or groups of instruments are united by a special bracket - accordion.

Accolade comes in the form of a curly or square (straight) bracket. A figured chord combines the parts performed by one musician (for example, two lines of a piano, an organ, etc.), and a square chord unites the lines of the parts different musicians that make up a single group (for example, music for an ensemble string instruments or chorus).

The end of the score or some part is indicated in the notes by a double vertical line. If, in addition to the double line, there are also two dots between the staff lines ( signs reprises), then this suggests that the entire work or some section needs to be repeated.

Notes may contain dotted lines with a figure eight (signs of transfer to an octave). They mean that everything that is in the range of these lines must be played an octave up or down. These octave marks are needed to make it easier to read very high / low notes, which require a lot of additional lines to record.

The main musical steps include 7 sounds: DO, RE, MI, FA, SOL, LA, SI. On the piano, to find these musical steps, you need to focus on the black keys, which are arranged in groups of two or three, two or three. Under any such group, on the left, is the note “Do” and further there are other notes.

There are also derivatives steps(modified main), which are obtained by raising or lowering the sound of the main step by a semitone. A semitone is the distance between any two adjacent sounds (keys) on the piano keyboard. Most often it will be a black key on the right or left. Changed steps are of two types:

• A sharp is a semitone increase.
• Flat - down a semitone.

Changing the main steps is called alteration. There are only five accidental signs: sharp, flat, double-sharp, double-flat and bekar.

Double-sharp raises the sound by two semitones (i.e., a whole tone), double-flat lowers the sound by two semitones (i.e., by a whole tone), and the backer cancels any of the listed signs (a “clean” note is played without raising or downgrades).

Notes can have two types of alterations:

1. Random signs - an accidental sign is written immediately before the note that needs to be changed and is valid only in that place or bar.
2. The key characters are sharps and flats, which are written at the beginning of each line near the key and are valid every time it occurs. given sound, in any octave and throughout the work.

Key signs are set strictly in a certain order:

Sharp order - FA DO SOL RE LA MI SI

Flat order - SI MI LA RE SOL DO FA

Duration

Note durations are related to the area of ​​rhythm and musical timing. Music time special, it flows in even proportions and is comparable, rather, with the beating of the heart. Usually one such beat is associated with a quarter note in duration. At least two types of musical durations can be found in notes: even and odd, and not only notes, but also pauses(signs of silence).

1. Even musical duration- are formed by dividing a larger duration by the number 2 or 2 n (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, etc.). The whole note is taken as the basis for division, which is usually calculated when playing (mentally or aloud counting up to 4) into 4 beats. The same "tailed" eighth or sixteenth notes are often combined into groups under one edge.

The following figure shows notes, the name of their durations, and on the right, pauses of the same size.

1. odd musical duration are formed from splitting the duration not into two equal halves, but into three or any other number of slices, up to 18-19 beats. This is how, for example, triplets (when divided into three parts) or quintuplets (when divided into five parts) are formed.

There are three ways to extend notes and rests:

Dotted rhythm(dotted note) is a dotted rhythm. Points are placed to the right of the note or rest icon and lengthen the sound exactly by half the duration of the note or rest. So, for a half note with a dot, the duration will be not two, but three beats, etc. There may also be a note with two dots: the first dot lengthens its duration by half, and the second dot - by another 1/4 part, i.e. such a note is lengthened by 3/4 of its duration.

- that icon that asks to delay the selected note or pause as much as it feels necessary for the performer. Most musicians are inclined to believe that the fermata also lengthens the note by half (you can take this as a rule for yourself). Fermata, unlike rhythm, does not take into account the time of the bar, this is an additional bonus that slows down the usual movement.

unifying league- links two or more notes that are at the same height and follow each other. Notes under the league are not repeated, but are combined into one duration. By the way, pauses are not united by leagues.

Musical time is very well organized; in addition to beats, larger units participate in its organization - bars. Tact- this is a segment from one strong beat to the next, it contains an exactly specified number of beats. Bars are distinguished visually by separating one from the other with a vertical bar line.

The number of beats in a measure and the duration of each of them is reflected using a numerical time signature, which is indicated immediately after the key characters at the beginning of the work. The size is expressed using two numbers located one above the other, as if in the form of a fraction.

The size 4/4 (four quarters) means that there are four beats in the measure, each of the beats is equal in duration to a quarter note. It must be remembered that these quarter notes can be broken down into eighths or sixteenths, or combined into half notes or a whole note. The 3/8 (three eighth) time signature means that it can also hold three eighth notes, which can be divided into sixteenth notes or combined into larger ones. For beginners, musical notation usually operates in simple sizes 2/4, 3/4, etc.

The movement of shares can be fast or slow. The speed of movement of parts (performance of a work) is called pace works. The tempo is most often indicated by the Italian word and is placed under the time signature in notes. Also, next to the tempo, an indication of the metronome can be placed: quarter duration = numerical value. This means that the tempo of the piece is a “numerical value” of beats (beats) per minute. The metronome is a pendulum with a weight and a scale, it shows the exact number of beats per minute and looks like this.

The pace can be:

• Slow
  • Grave - hard, important, very slow
  • Largo - wide, very slow
  • Adagio - slowly, calmly
  • Lento - slowly, quietly
• Moderate
  • Andante - calmly, the pace of the step
  • Moderato - moderately
• Fast
  • Allegro - soon, fun
  • Vivo - lively
  • Vivace - alive
  • Presto - fast

Volume

Loudness is one of the most important properties of musical sound. Loudness is indicated in notes between staves by the following words or icons in Italian:

A gradual change in volume is indicated as follows:

• crescendo - crescendo - gradual increase in volume
• diminuendo - diminuendo - gradual decrease in volume

Sometimes, instead of the words crescendo and diminuendo, “forks” are put in the notes, meaning that you need to gradually increase or decrease the volume.

An expanding fork means crescendo, and a narrowing fork means diminuendo.

Timbre

Timbre is the color of sound. By timbre, sounds of the same height and volume are distinguished, performed on different instruments, in different voices or on the same instrument, but different ways. With the help of timbre, one or another component of the musical whole can be distinguished, contrasts can be strengthened or weakened.

The notes usually contain various indications about the timbre of sounds: the name of the instrument or voice for which this work is intended, turning the pedals on and off on the piano, and methods of extracting sound (flageolets on the violin).

If there is a vertical wavy line in front of the chords in the musical notation, then this means that the sounds of the chord should not be played simultaneously, but arpeggio, as if broken down, by enumeration, as it would sound on a harp or on a harp.

Under the bass staff there may be a beautiful inscription Ped. and an asterisk - they mean the moment when the pedal on the piano is turned on and off.

In addition to these technical elements, scores can contain many composer, verbal, indications of the nature of the performance, for example:

• Appassionato - passionately
• Cantabile - melodious
• Dolce - gently
• Lacrimoso - tearfully
• mesto - sad
• Risoluto - resolutely
• Secco - dry
• Semplice - simple
• Tranquillo - calmly
• Sotto voce - in a low voice

Strokes are another important element in the musical text. Hatch- this is an indication of a specific method of sound production, a method of articulation, which greatly affects general character performance of the work. There are many strokes, they are different for violinists and pianists. Three universal strokes:

• non legato - incoherent performance
• legato - fluid, cohesive play
• staccato - jerky, short performance

Sometimes it becomes necessary to print a pre-lined sheet for various occasions. For example, to pass the time playing tic-tac-toe, you need a checkered sheet, what to do if it is not at hand. You can draw it yourself on a ruler, but it's easier to print on a printer. All you need is a template. On this page you can download and print a checkered sheet, a lined sheet or music sheet.

Checkered sheet print and download

A checkered sheet can be useful for children to solve an example in mathematics, and sometimes even for adults for various board games, such as in naval combat, tic-tac-toe or dots. Making your own sheet in a box in Word is not difficult at all, create a table measuring 37 by 56 cells. It will turn out an even cell, as in a notebook in a box.

You can print or download the A4 checkered sheet in PDF format. If you need to change a cell, for example, its size or color, for example, to print a sheet not with a black, but with a gray or light gray cell, then below is a link to a sheet in a cell in Word format.

Lined sheet print and download

You can download or print a lined A4 sheet. The sheet is lined in a large ruler with margins like in a notebook. You can use a lined sheet for penmanship. On our website you can find an online copybook generator for children.

You can print or download the lined sheet on A4 paper using the PDF file. If you need to change the distance between the rulers or remove the margins, then below is a link to the sheet in the ruler in Word format.

Music sheet print and download

To record notes in music schools use special note-books. The musical staff consists of five lines on which notes are applied. You can print a lined A4 music sheet. The music sheet is presented in two versions, empty - only lines and with a treble clef already printed. In order to print an A4 music sheet, you can use the PDF files below. You can download the music sheet by saving the PDF file to your computer.

I asked myself the question, how can I write and then print notes on a computer? Of course, I am not a musician and I understand little in musical notation, so my research was reduced only to the practical part, namely, not to professional paid programs, but to accessible and, I hope, understandable for most beginners or students. There are three ways to make musical notes: print out a music book and, in the tradition of the old masters, do it by hand, repeating the beautiful curves of the treble clefs; use a program installed on a computer with extensive functionality; turn keystrokes into notes - an extension for the google chrome browser. These methods will be discussed separately.

An excellent service of all kinds of templates that are available for download, generatedpaper.com I already wrote about it. So here there is a wonderful section for musicians, there is also just a music notebook, but download the forms for recording chords in PDF format and print them out.

Method two MuseScore program

A popular program with rich functionality for working with a musical staff, there is also support for MIDI files. You can listen to the result right away. Instructions for working with the program and all the functionality are described on this page, unfortunately, not all instructions are translated into Russian, but I think the built-in translator will help you correct the missing text. A few video tutorials will clearly show how the program works.

Method three google chrome app

When almost all tasks have moved to the clouds, and the browser becomes the main tool, and, in my opinion, google chrome is the best representative. In a rich selection of applications, there was also a place for musicians who can create compositions by recording works in notes without resorting to programs. Flat , the beauty of the material design of the application and its capabilities can rival that of professional programs And, frankly, I was just amazed. Everything is absolutely clear, despite the fact that there is no Russian language, unfortunately. One-click installation, registration through your google or facebook account, and you have access to a world of creativity and a community of musicians around the world. You can share music or listen to works of other authors. You can use the app, or just bookmark the site.

In the end, the last one is the best in my opinion. Flat especially its latest transformation, which made it even more stylish and comfortable, and paid, although not quite cheap, makes this wonderful service for professionals at all.

Imagine the vibrant colors of nature! The red color of the sky at sunset. Orange color of orange orchards. Yellow tulips. Green coniferous forests. Height blue sky. Reflection of the mountains in the blue of the lake. Delicate cloud of purple lilac bushes.

Colored notes for kids

BUT musical signs monotonous black. How to teach a child about notes if the appearance of these icons does not cause any interest at all? Just need to add some magic! Why not make them colorful?! About how musical signs and color are connected, as well as how to quickly learn notes - today the musical fairy of the House of Music will tell you.

To better understand music, learn to sing, you need to understand how it works. Well, for this it is worth getting acquainted with the basics of the language of music - with notes. This means that it would be good for both children and adults to start by learning the name of the notes on the stave. But first, let's touch on the history of musical signs a little.

Symbols for recording music were invented in the 11th century. At first, the notes were square, and there were only 4 rulers. But then the image of the notes changed. Starting from the 18th century, they began to draw notes in the form of oval icons on a stave of 5 lines. You can read more about the history of the appearance of notes in our article “”.

Why is it better to use colored notes for toddlers? If you've paid attention to how notes are written, you know that they usually have a boring black and white look. When studying musical literacy, it is not easy for kids to perceive the schematic representation of sounds on the rulers. And the color of the notes can make this task easier. Therefore, for children younger age created a special technique.

How does this multi-colored technique work?

There are several channels for perceiving information, and the visual channel is one of the strongest. Therefore, when colored notes are used, it is easier for kids to understand the principle of schematic notation of notes and learn them faster.

What color is the note

The world of musical sounds is magical! Bright colors rainbows did their best, and the notes became colored! Let's see what colors correspond to each note:

Before - red;
re - orange;
mi - yellow;
fa - green;
salt - blue;
la - blue;
si - purple.

Seven notes - seven colors. Doesn't this remind you of anything? Yes, of course - these are notes for the colors of the rainbow!

Who came up with the idea to combine music and color

To be honest, I did not find exact data about the author who came up with the method of colored notes for teaching children. Many people take credit for this wonderful invention. But it is known that since ancient times there were musicians with the so-called color hearing. They saw, or rather felt certain colors when playing different keys and chords.

Who combined colors and music? There is evidence that the composer Alexander Scriabin was the first to arrange notes according to the color spectrum. Seven notes - seven colors of the rainbow. Everything ingenious is simple! Gradually, colored notes began to be used for teaching musical literacy children around the world.

Engaging the Right Hemisphere of the Brain in Learning Music

Matching notes to the colors of the rainbow is used in many countries to teach children music. When using this method, the associative way of perceiving information is turned on, and boring musical notation turns into an exciting color game. What does it have to do with right hemisphere brain? The fact is that it is the right hemisphere that is responsible for imagination, intuition and Creative skills. When colored notes are used in teaching a child, it is the right hemisphere that is actively working. As a result, the baby simply remembers or even sees a color before his eyes, and not a schematic representation of a musical sign.

Learning music notes with children using colors

There are several different ways to write color notes. The simplest is the usual recording of notes on a stave, just instead of black notes, color ones are used.

But there are other options as well. For example, only color fields are used: vertical or horizontal, without rulers. Look what an unusual stave with typewriters we made with the members of the House of Music!

And there is also a technique in which the recording is in a schematic form using colored circles that are on the same line or are connected into patterns.

How convenient and correct is this? It's hard to judge, but I personally prefer the game color recording option, but still on the usual 5 lines.

Colored keyboard to help the young musician

The technique of colored notes is used not only for learning the basics of musical notation, but also for teaching kids to play the piano. There are a lot of keys on the keyboard, and all of them are only black and white. How to find the right note? Help the child and show the location of the notes on the piano with the help of flowers. To do this, take strips of seven colors of the rainbow and stick them on the keys, starting from the note “to” of the first octave.

This method helps you quickly learn the location of the notes on the piano. This technique also helps to different types memory and makes the learning process as visual as possible. Yes, and the colored keys look much more fun and attractive for the baby.

Colored notes for kids: what are their advantages

And one more important point to which I would like to draw your attention. When we study sheet music with toddlers in game form, using fabulous images, designating notes with colors, we actively develop the right hemisphere of the brain, which is responsible for imagination, creativity, intuition and creative abilities.

Games with colored notes allow you to use the associative way of perceiving information. As a result, the baby simply remembers or even sees a color before his eyes, and not a schematic representation of a musical sign.

Colored notes are not only a way to learn musical notation, it is an effective and interesting way to develop a child's intelligence!

But what to do next? How to play with colored notes?

Based on this technique, I came up with heroes - a musical family. This is grandfather DO, grandmother RE, mother MI-MI, father FA, girl SOL, boy LA and dog SI-SI. Together with the heroes in fun music games child gets to know wonderful world music.

We offer you to listen to a song right now about how brave kittens saved the music house from impudent mice! And at the same time play musical and mathematical games. Follow the link below, enter your email in the form - and in a few minutes the games and the song will come to your mail.