October 20, Moscow House of Nationalities From the Baltics to the shores of Alaska, Lives in spaces Where fairy tales walk, Mixing the course of time Inflorescence of many-sided tribes! Days of Finno-Ugric kinship for us is not just a celebration of the unity of our large Ural family, but it is also a celebration of winning our own name and our own place on the map and in world history.
Finno-Ugric peoples are those who speak 15 languages related by origin: Finnish, Estonian, Hungarian, Karelian, Vepsian, Votic, Izhora, Liv, Sami, Mordovian, Mari, Udmurt, Komi, Permyak, Khanty and Mansi. Currently, Finno-Ugric languages are spoken in the world by 26 million. According to the All-Russian population census of 2010, in the territory Russian Federation 2 million 321 thousand 980 representatives of the Finno- Ugric peoples. In ancient times, the number of Finno-Ugric peoples was more than 15. In historical literature you can find the names of such peoples as Merya, Muroma, Meshchera, Pechera, Chud. These are the very nationalities that have lost their language, culture, ceased to exist as a nationality. Once upon a time, the ancestors of the modern Finno-Ugric peoples lived together, made up the Finno-Ugric community, spoke the same Finno-Ugric proto-language. They occupied relatively small area between the bend of the Volga River and the Ural Range. In the process of settling in the vast territory of Eastern Europe, the carriers of the Finno-Ugric language-base were divided into various groups, lost contact with the bulk of the Finno-Ugric peoples. As a result, dialects of the Finno-Ugric proto-language developed into separate independent languages. The Ugric branch was the first to separate from its ancestors. Then, 3500 years ago, the Permian subgroup separated. The Baltic-Finnish community also existed for about a thousand years. About 2 thousand years ago, modern Finnish, Estonian, Karelian, Votic, Veps, Liv languages were formed from it. This is how modern system Finno-Ugric languages. Perm subgroup. Udmurts. There are about 704 thousand Udmurts, of which 70% consider Udmurt their native language. They live in Udmurtia, Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Perm region, as well as in Mari El, Kirov and Sverdlovsk regions. Komi. Komi has about 475,000 people. Komi-Zyrians. In total, about 320,000 people, 70% consider Komi as their mother tongue. They live in the Komi Republic, as well as in the Tyumen, Arkhangelsk, Leningrad regions. 63% of the Komi-Zyryans live in the Komi Republic and make up about a quarter of the total population. Permyaks (Komi-Permyaks).
Until the 20s of the 20th century, they called themselves simply Permians, as well as Permians, Permians. Now the ethnonym "Komi-Permyaks" is used. From the ancestors of the Komi-Permyaks - and the famous Permian animal style, and wooden gods. The territory in ancient times was referred to in various sources as "Great Perm". Now the Komi-Permyaks call their land "Parma". According to the 2010 census, there are 95 thousand Komi-Permyaks, in Moscow, according to the census, more than 300 people. Of the 95,000, 63,000 know their language. (In 1989, according to the census, there were 152 thousand.) The entire population of the district is about 112 thousand people. In the district, the capital is Kudymkar, where a little more than 30 thousand people live. The ancestors of the Komi-Permyaks, the Glyadenov tribes, in the first centuries of our era moved along the waterways from the Middle Kama region to the Vishera River.
The process of advancement of the Glyadenovsk tribes was accompanied at the turn of the 4th-5th centuries. the appearance in the Kama region of the Ugric tribes of West Siberian origin (Khanty, Mansi). In the Sylvensko-Irensky river region, through which the main migration route passed, the Ugrians managed to seize the territory of the local population. On the Upper Kama, as a result of the interaction of the Glyadenovsky and Ugric tribes, the Lomovatov culture of the 4th-9th centuries was formed. The Lomovatov and Nevolin populations become the core of the formation of the Permian ethnic community. Researchers have identified 300 settlements of Lomovatovites and 200 of Nevolintsy. Unlike the Nevolins, the Lomovatovites turned out to be a more united population. On the Upper Kama, their culture developed. In the IX-XV centuries. the territory of residence of the Komi-Permyaks expanded to the north, northeast and west. At the same time, the number and density of the population increased significantly. When the lands of the Komi-Permyaks went to the Muscovite state, an influx of the Russian population began, and in the second half of the 16th century. The Kama region became an outpost for trade relations with Siberia, and then for its conquest and development. Since that time, there have been common features in the life and culture of the local Russian and Komi-Permyak population. PRINCIPALITY OF PERM GREAT
The principality was located on the territory of the Upper Kama region. The area of the principality itself did not exceed 9 thousand km². Controlled the space of the entire historical region of Perm the Great - it is more than 84.6 thousand km². To the north, it extended to the portage from the upper reaches of the Kolvyn River, tributaries of the Vychegda, where it bordered on Perm Vychegodskaya. To the west, the territory of the principality reached the upper reaches of the Kamy and Vyatka, where the Vyatka land began. In the south, the principality controlled the territories up to the Chusovaya River, the lands beyond which belonged to the Bashkirs, subject to the Kazan Khanate. The eastern border, along the Ural ridge, - with the Voguls (Mansi) - was the most restless and was often violated on both sides. The center of the principality was located at the confluence of the Kolva, Vishera and Kama rivers. Administratively divided into Upper (Vylismu) and Lower (Ulismu) lands. This division was preserved at a later time, changing the name to the Upper and Lower camps of the Cherdyn district. We can speak about the population only according to the data of the first Russian census of these lands in 1530, that is, 25 years after the liquidation of the independence of the Perm principality. According to these data (2145 onion-adult men), it can be assumed that the total population during the period of independence was at least 6 thousand people. (Materials from speeches)
Sergei Mikhailovich Grigoriev has been engaged in the revival of the forgotten Chud tribe for many years. For many years this man worked at Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, in the research sector. In 1996, he was invited to work at the Ministry of Nationalities of the Russian Federation, where he proposed a program for conducting expeditions to study the state of folk cultures in remote and hard-to-reach places in Russia. In 1997, in the village of Nyukhcha, Pinezhsky district, Arkhangelsk region, he met many people who retained their name - the Chud people. At that time, a people with that name was no longer on the lists of the peoples of Russia, although it was mentioned in historical documents and played a certain role in political life Ancient Russia. To the population census of the Russian Federation in 2002 Grigoriev S.M. achieved the inclusion of Chud in the official lists under the code number 351, in which 21 people signed up. ANNIVERSARY OF VITALY VASILIEVICH ZHIKIN
Vitaly Vasilyevich Zhikin was born on October 17, 1938 in the village of Poroshevo, Kosinsky district. After graduation high school worked as a secretary in the local newspaper. In 1957-1960 he was a cadet of the Perm Military Aviation Technical School (VATU). After graduating from college, he military service in the Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN). In 1967 he graduated from the military academy of engineering troops. From April 1967 to 1989, he served in the military in the office of the Head of the Communications Troops of the Strategic Missile Forces of the USSR. Honorary radio operator of the USSR. Colonel. He was awarded the Order of the Red Star and many medals of the USSR Armed Forces. VV Zhikin is the author of more than 300 poems in his native and Russian languages. Friends and relatives congratulated the honorary member of the community on the anniversary at the Moscow House of Nationalities. A big gift for Vitaly Vasilyevich was the arrival of his fellow countrymen of the folklore group "Dona Gort" in the village of Kosa.
A welcoming speech and gifts from fellow countrymen were given by the head of the department of culture and youth policy of the Kosinsky district E.N. Kolegova
A letter of thanks to the hero of the day from the head of the Komi-Permyatsk district - minister Perm Territory, an anniversary medal from the veteran organization of the 52nd Missile Division and many other gifts were presented to the hero of the day. An excellent performance at the celebration was the concert of the Dona Gort group. The head of the ensemble, Valentina Filaretovna, was awarded the medal "For Valiant Labor" by the association of compatriots of the city of Moscow for her contribution to the preservation of the Komi-Permyak culture.
In the third week of October in the Finno-Ugric regions of Russia, as well as in Finland, Hungary and Estonia, Days of kindred Finno-Ugric peoples are celebrated. In honor of a long tradition, various events are held in Syktyvkar.
Photo by the Komi Ministry of National Policy
As reported by the Ministry of National Policy of the Republic, on October 26, the quest game "In Search of Biarmia" will be held in the regional House of Friendship of Peoples. Start at 16:00.
Students will test their knowledge of the indigenous Komi people and related peoples of the Urals. language family. To find Biarmia, a mysterious northern country, the teams will have to solve riddles, prepare a traditional dish, compete with legendary heroes, understand mythology, and dance Finno-Ugric dances. I prepared my tasks for the participants of the quest game "In Search of Biarmia" and National artist Republic of Komi Petr Shuchalin.
The festive week started with a creative meeting "We draw a riddle", which took place at the National Children's Library. S.Ya. Marshak. Employees of the Finno-Ugric Cultural Center of Russia introduced young readers to the history, traditions, folklore of the Finno-Ugric and Samoyedic peoples of Russia.
The children saw the exhibition creative works of their peers from Karelia “We draw a riddle” and tried to solve the drawn old Russian, Karelian and Vepsian riddles. The exhibition was handed over to the Finno-Ugric Center of Russia for display by the Kizhi Museum-Reserve as part of a cooperation agreement.
Valery Toropov, People's Master of Russia, Honored Worker of Culture of the Republic of Komi, Director of the Children's School of Artistic Crafts in the village of Vylgort, told Komi children riddles about porridge, an important dish in the diet of the peoples of Russia. The children learned how and with what they ate porridge, what rituals accompanied the meal, and what importance they attached to cereals.
During interactive game On the sensory board, the children painted their favorite heroes of myths and fairy tales, and selected the right item-attribute for the characters. The educational project "Heroes of myths and fairy tales of the Finno-Ugric and Samoyedic peoples of Russia" was created by the Finno-Ugric Cultural Center of Russia and is available for download from the site finnougoria.ru.
And the day before, in the House of Friendship of the Peoples of the Republic of Komi, students of the Humanitarian and Pedagogical College named after I. I.A. Kuratova. The students learned how to greet in the languages of the Finno-Ugric peoples. They replenished their pedbox with new knowledge about folk games. Children with children's enthusiasm played the Komi game "Kokoliuk" (Kocherga), the Mordovian game "Chicken", the Mari "Shii Menge" ("Golden Gate"), the game-competition of the Khanty "Talty yukh" - tug-of-war, the Karelian "Kukot" ("Roosters").
The information about the ritual games and entertainments of the youth, the components of which carried deep meaning and helped young people prepare for family life.
Introducing children and youth to values national culture kindred peoples - an important direction in the education and development of the individual modern man. It must be said that in the Komi Republic great attention has always been paid to cooperation and development of cultural, scientific and business ties with the regions of the Finno-Ugric world. One of the last major events was the holding of the VI Congress of the Finno-Ugric peoples of the Russian Federation in September this year in Syktyvkar, - noted acting. Minister of National Policy of Komi Galina Gabusheva.
22.10.2018
Day of the Finno-Ugric peoples showed their identity and unity
In the House of Friendship of Peoples Samara region a holiday - the Day of the Finno-Ugric peoples. It was held by the Samara city national-cultural Erzyano-Moksha organization "Valdo-oime" ("Light Soul") with the support of the Mordovian National Cultural Center "Mastorava" and the House of Friendship of Peoples. This holiday unites all representatives of the Finno-Ugric peoples living in the Samara region. It is aimed at preserving and developing the original national culture and friendly interethnic relations.
The Day of the Finno-Ugric peoples, which include the Mordvins (Erzya and Moksha), Mari, Udmurts, Komi, Khanty, Mansi and others, has been celebrated since 1992 on the third Saturday of October. Representatives of 15 Finno-Ugric peoples live in the Samara region, and each of them has the opportunity to preserve and develop their national identity.
Folk groups from many regions of the Samara region, where representatives of the Finno-Ugric peoples live compactly, performed at the concert. Fervent songs were performed by the Erzya-Moksha song ensemble "Kileine" ("Birch"), the Mordovian folk choir "Mastorava", the Mordovian folklore and ethnographic ensemble "Velen koit" ("Village traditions") from Samara, the Mordovian song ensemble "Chevgel" (" Kalina") from the village. Belozerki, Krasnoyarsk region, Mordovian ensemble "Erzyan vaigel" ("Erzya voice") from the village. Konovalovka, Bor district, folklore ensemble "Umarina" ("Yablonka") from the village. Old Vechkanovo, Isaklinsky district, folk song ensemble "Erzyanka" from the village. Mordovo-Adelakovo, Isaklinsky district, Mordovian folk vocal ensemble"Erzyanochki" from the city of Neftegorsk.
None of the guests of the holiday was left indifferent by the performance of the young artist Maxim Trifonov, a student of the Erzya-Moksha class of the Sunday national school at the Samara school No. They demonstrated their national creativity: the ensemble of Mordovian and Russian songs "Viyana" ("Strong") from EcoGrad "Volgar", the group of Mordovian national song"Erzyanka" from the village. Kurumoch of the Volga region, the ensemble of the folklore song "Chudi Lei" ("The River Flows") from the city of Otradny. The participants of the event were welcomed by Olga Petrovna Mas, the head of the Samara regional center of the Mari culture “U VAZH” from the village of Ust-Kinelsky. A great gift to all those present was the performance piece of music on the harp, which was performed by Lyubov Busurmanova, a representative of the Mari culture of the Samara Center national instruments(Moscow city). Iraida Pochteneva, a performer of Mari songs, performed with great success.
But the most important thing in the work of national-cultural associations is the upbringing of the younger generation in the spirit of folk traditions. And so it was very nice to see the performances of children and youth. Pupils of the Erzya-Moksha class of the Sunday national school at the Samara school No. 138 performed with a theatrical performance. Together with the teacher-organizer Lyudmila Pankina, they presented the Karelian fairy tale "Mother the merry fellow" and sang the song "Min kuman maro". Brothers Artemy and Arseniy Nikolaev from the national Mordovian Sunday school at the Samara school No. 100 sang the song "Pando Pryaso" ("On the Mountain"). Also, folk songs were performed by children from the folklore and ethnographic ensemble "Tradition" from the MBU DO "Center for Aesthetic Education for Children and Youth of Samara. The children's choreographic group "Feeria" performed a Mordovian dance. Victor Isaev from Samara read a poem by our countryman Alexander Shiryaevts about the Mordovian village of Staraya Binaradka, and then the songs were performed by the Darinya vocal group from the same village. Soloists Anatoly Glukhov performed the song "Velinem-velinem". Victor Isaev - master of manufacturing musical instrument jew's harp He sang a beautiful tune on it. And also all the guests brought exhibits for the Mordovian farmstead and the house in the Peoples' Friendship Park.
Dishes of national cuisine, an exhibition of products of arts and crafts were presented at the festival. craftsmen. The concert at the House of Friendship of Peoples united all the Finno-Ugric peoples living in the Samara region, made it possible creative teams demonstrate their art, show how they preserve and pass on the rich world to the younger generation folk art and traditions.
A group from Mari El "Kuat" will be a guest of the Days
The Days of Kindred Peoples are the most significant series of public events that introduce the Finno-Ugric peoples and develop cooperation between them. In March 2011, the Riigikogu unanimously decided to celebrate Kindred Peoples' Day as a public holiday every year on every third Saturday of October.
A significant part of the program of the Days of Kindred Peoples this year is occupied by activities related to Finland. On October 21, at the big celebration of kindred peoples in the Vaba Lava (Free Stage) center, Sami rapper Ailu Valle and Mari Kalkun, who sang together at the concert dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Republic of Finland, will perform. Folklore performers from Karelians, Komi, Udmurts, Mari, Hungarians, Livs and northern peoples will come to Estonia. A traditional conference will be held, and other unique events will be held all over Estonia throughout October.
Gala concerts
Celebration of Kindred Peoples' Day in Tallinn on October 21, at Vaba Lava in the Telliskivi Creative City, will begin with a choral concert dedicated to Velho Tormis, where the composer's works based on musical folklore Finno-Ugric peoples. The concert will feature: mixed choir "Vox Populi", children's choir"Ellerhein", Konstantin Turnpu male choir and female chamber choir Lu. The concert is directed by Anne Turnpu, the program is compiled by Janne Fridolin.
The day will continue with a big concert traditional music: visiting folklore ensembles from Komi, Mari El, Udmurtia, Hungary, Karelia and representatives of northern peoples, Selkups and Khanty will perform. Prior to that, during the week these bands will perform in cultural centers and schools in Hryumaa, Virumaa and South Estonia. The evening will conclude with a performance by musicians from the outlying areas – Võru-language folk music performer Mari Kalkun and Sámi rapper Ailu Valle – who made their successful debut as a duet at the Finland 100th Anniversary concert in Tallinn in June. Viewers will hear runic chants in Vyru and rap in Northern Sami, as well as experimental attempts to combine these two different things into one. Both musicians are also interested in similar topics: the natural environment, the spiritual world, as well as issues of social life. On October 20, Ayla Valle and Mari Kalkun will also be heard in Tartu, at the Club of Geniuses.
On Sunday, October 22, at 13:00, in Tartu, the Gala Concert of the Days of Kindred Peoples in the Estonian national museum, where both visiting ensembles and groups of Finno-Ugric societies of Estonia will perform. After the concert, a film program awaits the audience.
Interesting guests
One of the most interesting guests of the Days of Kindred Peoples is the famous Finnish ethnomusicologist Pekka Hulttu-Hiltunen, who not only studies runes, but also actively performs them. At his lecture-concerts "In the Lands of the Kalevala", 25.10 in Tallinn at the Literary Wednesday and 26.10 in Tartu at the Estonian National Museum, he will talk about the lyrical and epic folk song, as an ancient song form in Finland and the White Sea Kaleria, about runic songs and their interpretation in the Finnish national epic "Kalevala" and about the significance of the runic song in the culture and language of the Baltic-Finnish peoples. The report is accompanied by the performance of songs in the form in which the creator of Kalevala Elias Lönnrot once heard the brain. Evenings are held as part of the Talks100 series of events dedicated to the 100th anniversary of Finland.
Chamber music
Well, as usual, during the Days of Kindred Peoples, modernist music also sounds. By order of the cycle chamber music"HELIjaKEEL" (SOUND AND LANGUAGE) the young composer Malle Maltis created specially for the Days of kindred peoples concert-installation on the Sami theme "When the sun wakes up / Kun aurinko herää". This concert, like the Sami yoik, which in principle has neither beginning nor end, is open in nature - during the installation, the audience can freely move around the room, freely start listening and stop whenever they want. Concerts will take place on October 15 at the Museum under open sky in Viimsi and on 16 October at the Manor Complex of the Estonian Agricultural Museum in Ülenurme.
At the end of the Days of Kindred Peoples in Tallinn and Tartu, there will be a presentation of a music CD by Anna Mishina, a performer of Mari folk songs living in Estonia, and Christie Mühling, an Estonian kanteli artist. On CD sound authentic folk songs with experimental accompaniment of the Estonian cannel.
Conference
Kindred Peoples' Days Conference will be held October 20 at Sõltumatu Tantsu Lava (Independent Choreographic Stage) Telliskivi Creative City. main topic– the culture of the Finno-Ugric national minorities and ethnic groups in an urban environment. It is known that more and more people move to live in the city, leaving the rural world associated with traditional culture.
How to adapt to conditions big city, preserve their identity and promote it? To do this, the Mari in big cities organize popular ethno-discotheques, the Udmurts create fashionable ethnic brands suitable for the conditions of the urban environment, the Udmurts and Komi-Permyaks popularize national cuisine, organize festivals and open national restaurants. At the conference we will learn about their experience.
Film program
In connection with anniversary year Finland this year, the film program of the Days of Kindred Peoples includes primarily Finnish films. Among the most recent films will be Kati Gauriloff's poetic documentary The Enchanted Kaisa Forest (Kuun metsän Kaisa, 2016), about the friendship between the legendary Skolt Sámi storyteller Kaisa Gauriloff and the Swiss writer Robert Crottet during World War II .
The gems of the film fund include the feature film The White Hart (1952, Eric Blomberg), crowned by the Cannes Film Festival, about the Sami, love and reindeer. As part of the screening, the Estonian premiere will take place feature film Amanda Kernell's "Sami Blood" (Sweden, 2016), which claims this year's film award of the European Union.
The films will be screened at the BFM SuperNova cinema, the Artis cinema and the Estonian National Museum.
Exhibitions
Exhibitions will be opened in cultural centres, libraries and museums throughout Estonia.
A photo exhibition by Karolina Kreintaal will be ready for the Days of Kindred Peoples, which will be shown by the Traditional Music Barn in Viljandi from 17 October. The photographic exhibition, made using professional tools, is based on materials collected during expeditions to Mordovia in 2015 and Udmurtia in 2017. Its purpose: to capture the still existing tradition of folk songs. Caroline Kreintaal was a member of both expeditions, both as a recording assistant and as a photographer.
You will find more detailed information on individual points from October 5 on our website: https://fennougria.ee
Days of kindred Finno-Ugric peoples in Estonia, Finland and Hungary have been celebrated since 1928. NGO "Fenno-Ugria Institution" tries to present them as a nationwide movement, to which people, associations and institutions from various fields of activity can join in order to show their solidarity with kindred peoples and support these ethnic groups in their desire to preserve their culture and language. Since 2011, Kindred Peoples' Day, celebrated on the third Saturday of October, has been a public holiday in Estonia.
NPO "Institution of Fenno-Ugria"
A significant part of the Days of Kindred Peoples program this year is made up of activities related to Finland.
Gala concerts
October 21 at Vaba Lava in Tallinn Kindred Peoples' Day will be celebrated with a choral concert dedicated to Velho Tormis, which will feature the mixed choir "Vox Populi", the children's choir "Ellerhein", the male choir of Konstantin Turnpu and the female chamber choir "Lu". The director of the concert is Anne Turnpu, the program is composed by Janne Fridolin.
The day will continue with a big concert of traditional music: visiting folklore ensembles from Komi, Mari El, Udmurtia, Hungary, Karelia and representatives of northern peoples, Selkups and Khanty will perform.
The evening will end with a performance by musicians from the outlying areas, Võru-language folk music performer Mari Kalkun and Sámi rapper Ailu Valle, who made their successful debut as a duet at the Finland 100th Anniversary concert in Tallinn in June. Viewers will hear runic chants in Vyru and rap in Northern Sami, as well as experimental attempts to combine these two different things into one.
On Sunday, 22 of October at 13:00, the gala concert of the Days of kindred peoples will be celebrated in Tartu, in the Estonian National Museum, where both visiting ensembles and groups of Finno-Ugric societies of Estonia will perform. After the concert, a film program awaits the audience.
Interesting guests
One of the most interesting guests of the Days of Kindred Peoples is the famous Finnish ethnomusicologist Pekka Hulttu-Hiltunen, who not only studies runes, but also actively performs them.
At his lectures-concerts "On the lands of Kalevala", October 25 in Tallinn on the Literary Environment and October 26 in Tartu at the Estonian National Museum, he will talk about the lyrical and epic folk song as an ancient song form in Finland and the White Sea Kaleria, as well as about runic songs.
Conference
Kindred Peoples' Days Conference will be held October 20 in Tallinn at "Sõltumatu Tantsu Lava" at Telliskivi Creative City.
The main theme is the culture of the Finno-Ugric national minorities and ethnic groups in the urban environment. It is known that more and more people move to live in the city, leaving the rural world associated with traditional culture.
Film program
In connection with the anniversary year of Finland, this year the film program of the Days of Kindred Peoples includes primarily Finnish films. Among the most recent films will be Kati Gauriloff's poetic documentary "The Enchanted Kaisa Forest" (Kuun metsän Kaisa, 2016) about the friendship between the legendary Skolt Sámi storyteller Kaisa Gauriloff and the Swiss writer Robert Crottet during World War II .
Among the gems of the film fund is the feature film The White Deer (1952, Eric Blomberg), crowned by the Cannes Film Festival, about the Saami, love and reindeer. As part of the film screening, the Estonian premiere of Amanda Kernell's feature film "Sami Blood" (Sweden, 2016), which claims this year's film award of the European Union, will take place.
The films will be screened at the BFM SuperNova cinema, at the Artis cinema and at the Estonian National Museum.
Exhibitions
Exhibitions will open in cultural centres, libraries and museums across Estonia.
A photo exhibition by Karolina Kreintaal will be shown at the Traditional Music Barn in Viljandi. The photo exhibition is based on materials collected during expeditions to Mordovia in 2015 and Udmurtia in 2017. Its purpose: to capture the still existing tradition of folk songs.
Days of related Finno-Ugric peoples in Estonia, Finland and Hungary have been celebrated since 1928. This is a nationwide movement, to which people, associations and institutions from various fields of activity can join in order to show their solidarity with kindred peoples and support these ethnic groups in their desire to preserve their culture and language.
Since 2011, Kindred Peoples' Day, celebrated on the third Saturday of October, has been a public holiday in Estonia.