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Survey of the subject and genre features. The main representatives of Russian literature of the 18th century.
Russian literature of the 18th century
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In Russian literature of the 18th century, researchers distinguish 4 periods:
Literature of Peter the Great. 1730-1750s 1760s - the first half of the 70s. last quarter of a century.
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Literature of Peter the Great
It is still transitional. The main feature is the intensive process of “secularization” (ie, the replacement of religious literature with secular literature). During this period, a new solution to the problem of personality is being developed. Genre features Keywords: oratorical prose, story, political treatises, textbooks, poetry.
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Feofan Prokopovich
The most striking figure, one of the most educated people of this period was F. Prokopovich ("Poetics", "Rhetoric"), who clearly formed his artistic and aesthetic views. He believed that poetry should teach not only ordinary citizens, but also the rulers themselves.
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Second period (1730-1750)
This period is characterized by the formation of classicism, the creation of a new genre system, in-depth development of the literary language. The basis of classicism was the focus on high standards ancient art as a standard artistic creativity. Genre features: tragedy, opera, epic (high genres) comedy, fable, satire (low genres)
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Antioch Dmitrievich Kantemir (1708-1744)
The author of satires, in which national color is noted, connection with oral folk art, they are based on contemporary Russian reality (“On those who blaspheme the doctrine”, “On the envy and pride of the malevolent nobles”, etc.). According to V. G. Belinsky, he was "the first to bring poetry to life."
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Vasily Kirillovich Trediakovsky (1703-1769)
He acted as a true innovator in the art of the word. In his treatise "A new and short way to add Russian poetry" he paved the way for further development Russian poetry. In addition, Trediakovsky introduced new literary genres: ode, elegy, fable, epigram.
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One of the first theorists of classicism, experimental scientist, artist-author of a mosaic painting about the Battle of Poltava, creator of solemn odes, language reformer and author of "Letter on the Rules of Russian Poetry", "A Brief Guide to Eloquence", "Grammar", the theory of three calms.
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Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (1711-1765)
Enlightenment views and democratic attitude of Lomonosov were reflected in his poetic activity, in the content of his works. The theme of the motherland was the main one in the main genre of his poetry - odes.
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Alexander Petrovich Sumarokov (1717-1777)
He also entered the history of literature as one of the theorists of Russian classicism, as the author of love lyrics (songs, eclogues, idylls, elegies), as the author of tragedies (9 tragedies in which the main thing is the struggle of passion and reason, duty and personal feelings), the author of comedies , fables (he wrote 400 fables).
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Third period (1760s - first half of the 70s)
AT given period in society, the role of mercantile relations increases, the dominance of the noble class increases. Parodic genres are actively developing in literature, humorous poems by V.I. Both this and that”), V.V. At the same time, M.M. Kheraskov, the creator of Rossiyada, the Russian national epic, as well as a number of tragedies and dramas (The Venetian Nun, Borislav, Fruits of Sciences, etc.), worked.
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The fourth period
Literature of the last quarter of the 18th century developed in a period of upheavals, social explosions, foreign revolutions (American, French). In the fourth period, the comic opera flourished, the work of D.I. Fonvizin (1745-1792) - the author of many fables ("Festival fables with the explanations of Mr. Golberg"), the play "The Brigadier" and the famous comedy "Undergrowth".
Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin (1766-1826)
N.M. Karamzin led the sentimental-romantic line in literature. He laid the foundation for journalism, criticism, stories, novels, historical stories, journalism. He owns translations of Shakespeare, such significant works as " Poor Lisa"," Natalya is a boyar's daughter.
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Slides captions:
Russian literature of the 18th century Review of themes and genre features. The main representatives of Russian literature of the 18th century.
In Russian literature of the 18th century, researchers distinguish 4 periods: Literature of Peter the Great. 1730-1750s 1760s - the first half of the 70s. last quarter of a century.
Literature of Peter's time It still has a transitional character. The main feature is the intensive process of “secularization” (ie, the replacement of religious literature with secular literature). During this period, a new solution to the problem of personality is being developed. Genre features: oratorical prose, story, political treatises, textbooks, poetry.
Feofan Prokopovich The most striking figure, one of the most educated people of this period was F. Prokopovich (“Poetics”, “Rhetoric”), who clearly formed his artistic and aesthetic views. He believed that poetry should teach not only ordinary citizens, but also the rulers themselves.
The second period (1730-1750) This period is characterized by the formation of classicism, the creation of a new genre system, and the in-depth development of the literary language. The basis of classicism was the orientation to the high examples of ancient art as a standard of artistic creativity. Genre features: tragedy, opera, epic (high genres) comedy, fable, satire (low genres)
Antioch Dmitrievich Kantemir (1708-1744) Author of satires, in which there is a national color, a connection with folklore, they are based on contemporary Russian reality (“On those who blaspheme the teaching”, “On the envy and pride of malevolent nobles”, etc.). According to V. G. Belinsky, he was "the first to bring poetry to life."
Vasily Kirillovich Trediakovsky (1703-1769) He acted as a true innovator in the art of the word. In his treatise "A New and Brief Method for the Composition of Russian Poetry", he paved the way for the further development of Russian poetry. In addition, Trediakovsky introduced new literary genres: ode, elegy, fable, epigram.
Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov (1711-1765) One of the first theoreticians of classicism, experimental scientist, artist-author of a mosaic painting about the Poltava battle, creator of solemn odes, language reformer and author of "Letter on the rules of Russian poetry", "A short guide to eloquence", "Grammar", the theory of three calms.
Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (1711-1765) Lomonosov's educational views and democratic attitude were reflected in his poetic activity, in the content of his works. The theme of the motherland was the main one in the main genre of his poetry - odes.
Alexander Petrovich Sumarokov (1717-1777) Also entered the history of literature as one of the theorists of Russian classicism, as the author of love lyrics (songs, eclogues, idylls, elegies), as the author of tragedies (9 tragedies, in which the main thing is the struggle of passion and reason, duty and personal feelings), author of comedies, fables (he wrote 400 fables).
The third period (1760s - the first half of the 70s) During this period, the role of mercantile relations in society increases, the dominance of the noble class increases. Parodic genres are actively developing in literature, humorous poems by V.I. Both this and that”), V.V. At the same time, M.M. Kheraskov, the creator of Rossiyada, the Russian national epic, as well as a number of tragedies and dramas (The Venetian Nun, Borislav, Fruits of Sciences, etc.), worked.
Fourth period Literature of the last quarter of the 18th century developed during a period of upheavals, social upheavals, foreign revolutions (American, French). In the fourth period, the comic opera flourished, the work of D.I. Fonvizin (1745-1792) - the author of many fables ("Festival fables with the explanations of Mr. Golberg"), the play "The Brigadier" and the famous comedy "Undergrowth".
Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin (1743-1816) Many poems and famous odes belong to his pen (“Ode on the birthday of Her Majesty ...”, “Felitsa”). Derzhavin was the first to introduce colloquial vocabulary and vernacular into poetry; he strengthened the democratic foundations of the literary language.
Writer, philosopher, poet. Author of the famous Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow. The protest against slavery, spiritual enslavement is main pathos this work. The famous fabulist, among whose works there are also tragedies ("Philomela", "Cleopatra") and comedies ("Fashion Shop", etc.)
Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin (1766-1826) N.M. Karamzin led the sentimental-romantic line in literature. He laid the foundation for journalism, criticism, stories, novels, historical stories, journalism. He owns translations of Shakespeare, such significant works as "Poor Liza", "Natalia - the Boyar's Daughter".
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summary of other presentations"Literature of the era of classicism" - Heroes of classic works. The principle of "three unities" follows from the requirement to imitate nature. last quarter of a century. features of classicism. IN AND. Maikov. The period of development of classicism. Classicism in Russian and world art. Russian literature of the eighteenth century. Tragedy, heroic poem, ode, epic. The origins of world classicism - France of the 17th century. Formation of new literature. Lesson - lecture.
"Sentimentalism" - Russian sentimentalism. New Eloise. Thomas Grey. Bernardin de Saint-Pierre. Novels by Samuel Richardson. Sentimentalism in France. Lawrence Stern. Features of Russian sentimentalism. Sentimentalism in England. Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin. Sentimentalism.
"Literature of the 18th-19th centuries" - Romanticism. "Cain". Features of classicism in Russia. The originality of Russian sentimentalism. Poem "Mtsyri". Sentimentalism. The main features of a romantic hero. M.Yu. Lermontov poem "Demon". Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin. literary trends.
"Literature of Russia of the 18th century" - Classicism. N.M. Karamzin. Appeal to the images and forms of ancient art. Genre ode. Russian literature of the 18th century. Troubled time. French classicism. Calm. Ode to Ascension Day. Nobility. Assignment to the story "Poor Liza". Genre - stylistic reform. Love triangle. F. Shubin. Great conquests. features of classicism. Sentimentalism.
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