Kuznetsov Solovyov Vasiliev Vinogradov Bogdanov Vorobyov Mikhailov Kudryavtsev Alekseev Stepanov 189. Zinoviev 190. Grishin 191. Kononov 192. Dementiev 193. Sitnikov 194. Simonov 196. Fadeev 197. Komissarov 198. Mammoths 200. Gulyaev 202. Ustinov 203. Vishnyakov 204. Evseev

Gerasimov Ponomarev Grigoriev Medvedev Zhuravlev Nikolaev Maksimov Belousov Dorofeev Dmitriev Anisimov Timofeev Nikiforov Filippov Bolshakov Alexandrov Konovalov Shestakov 205. Lavrentiev 206. Bragin 207.Konstantinov 208. Kornilov 209. Avdeev 211. Biryukov 212. Sharapov 213. Nikonov 215. Dyachkov 216. Odintsov 217. Sazonov 218. Yakushev 219.Krasilnikov 220. Gordeev

Melnikov Shcherbakov Kolesnikov Afanasiev Gavrilov Rodionov Gorbunov Kudryashov Tretyakov Saveliev Trofimov Martynov Emelyanov Ovchinnikov Seleznev Panfilov Nekrasov 221. Samoilov 222. Knyazev 223. Bespalov 224. Uvarov 225. Checkers 226. Bobylev 227. Doronin 228. Belozerov 229. Rozhkov 230. Samsonov 231. Butchers 232. Likhachev 234. Sysoev 235. Fomichev 236. Rusakov

Vorontsov Ignatiev Kapustin Kirillov Gorbachev Evdokimov Kalashnikov Prokhorov Nesterov Kharitonov Agafonov Ants Larionov Fedoseev Terentiev Molchanov Vladimirov Artemiev 237. Strelkov 239. Teterin 240. Kolobov 241. Subbotin 243. Blokhin 244. Seliverstov 245. Pestov 246. Kondratiev 248. Merkushev 249. Lytkin

Table 3

The most common surnames of the village of Baturino.

Lukinykh (125)

Golubev (67)

Bulygin (36)

Gorshkov (33)

Medvedev (25)

Lashkov (23)

1. Maslennikov (17)

   Gulyaev (16)

   Butorov (16)

   Sukhanov (15)

Table 4

Surnames of the clergy of the Baturinsky Spaso-Preobrazhensky Church.

Kapustin V.T. (1765 - 1793)

Kapustin L.V. (1793 - 1816)

Popov A. S. (1817 - 1818)

Kapustin I.L. (1818 - 1857)

Kapustin N.I. (1857 - 1865)

Kapustin A.I. (1865 - 1868)

Troitsky S.G. (1868 - 1871)

Shchapkov N.I. (1871 - 1883)

Nosilov D.I. (1883 - 1905)

Baturin V.D. (1905 - 1906)

Ponomarev V.S. (1906 - 1918)

Palmov S.I. (1918 - 1929)

Lunev (mentioned in 1931)

Golubev I.A. (mentioned in 1934)

Norov I.B. (1999

Appendix 2

Toponymic dictionary (interpretation of the meanings of the names of local residents).

Abramov-Abram - the folk form of the baptismal name Abraham - the father of nations (ancient Hebrew). Related surnames: Abramkin, Abramochkin, Abrashin, Avraamov, Abramov, Avrasin, Avrashin, Avrashkov - they all came from various diminutive forms of this name.

Avdyushev - The surname could be formed from various names, or their derivative forms. And from the derivative forms of names: male - Avdey (Abdiy) - a clergyman (other Hebrew) and from the more rare Avdon ("servant, slave"), and from the female - Evdokia ("favor" "") through the colloquial form Avdotya. or diminutive forms of the baptismal name Evdokim - glorious (Greek) - Avdonya, Avdosha, Evdonia, etc. There is a whole galaxy of similar surnames on Avd-, Evd-, descended from various folk forms. Aldonin.

Ageev - From the baptismal name Haggai - festive, having fun (heb.) - there were several more surnames: Ageikin, Agishev, Agishin, Agishchev, Agushev. However, it is possible that Agishchev and Agushev may also be associated with diminutive versions of the baptismal name Agapius - beloved (Greek).

Aksakov - Aksak in Tatar means "lame".

Akulyshin - Oddly enough, Akulov has nothing to do with the terrible fish-beast. He is the namesake of Orlov. After all, the Greek baptismal name Akila - an eagle - acquired the form of Shark in Russia. Akilina in colloquial speech turned into Akulipa. Both of these names also gave birth to such surnames: Akulin, Akulinin, Akulinichev, Akulyshin, Okulov. However, the last surname could have arisen from the worldly name Okul or from a nickname that meant a rogue, a braggart, a deceiver.

Alexandrov - From the baptismal name Alexander - the protector of people (Greek). This name, like a mighty tree trunk, raised many branches and leaves to the heights - surnames formed from its diminutive forms: Aleksandrikin, Aleksandrovsky, Aleksankin, Aleksanov, Aleksakhin, Aleksashin, Aleksin, Aleksov, Alenev and Olenev, Alenikov and Olenikov, Alenin and Olenin, Alenichev and Olenichev, Aleynikov and Oleinikov, Alentiev, Aleynikov and Oleinikov, Alenshev, Alekov and Olekov; Aleshintsev, Aleshkov, Alegiechkin, Aleshin and Oleshin, Aleshikhin, Aleshkin and Oleshkin, Oleshunin; Alekhanov, Alekhov, Olekhov, Alesin, Alekhine; Alyutin, Alyukhin, Alyushin, Olyunin; Leksin, Lelikov, Lelykin, Lelyakin, Lelyakov, Lelyanov, Lelyashin, Lelyukhin, Lenin, Lenkin, Lenkov, Lennikov, Lenov, Leniov, Lenshin, Lekshin; Lyakin, Lyakishev, Lyalikov, Lyalin, Lyalkin, Lyalyakin, Lyashev, Lyagiutin; Sanin, Sanichkin, Sankin, Sankov, Sanov, Sankin, Sankov, Sanyutin, Sakhnin, Sakhnov, Sashenkov, Sashin, Sashkin, Sashkov. The diminutive form of Shura became the basis of the only surname Shurin. It must be remembered that the surnames Alenin and Olenin can also be formed from the name of Alena (baptismal Elena), and the surname Oleinikov could be born from the name of the profession (reindeer herder).

Alferov- From the baptismal name Elefery - free (Greek). Except<законной>the surnames Eleferyev are in the same family line: Alfeev, Alferyev, Luferov, Olferyev.

Andreev- One of the most common Russian surnames comes from the baptismal name Andrey - courageous (Greek). From various forms of the same name, Andrusov, Andryunin, Andryuishn and seminarian Andreevsky were formed

Andropov - From the baptismal name Eutropius - well-behaved (Greek). Its colloquial forms: Antrop, Antrokha, Antrusha, Atroshko - gave life to the surnames Andropov and Antropov, Antrokhin, Antrushin, Atroshkov, although their origin from the rare name Atprop is just as likely.

Anisimov - Anisim, Anis - a variety of the baptismal name Onesimus, common in Russia - leading to the end (Greek). Therefore, Onisimov gets along quite well in everyday life with Anisimov.

Anikin - This surname is from derivative forms of the names Ioannikius and Anikita (the first is associated with the Greek word "nike" - victory, the second with the Greek "aniketos" - invincible). The expression "anika-watcher" means "a short-sighted person", "anika-warrior" a bully and a braggart who is defeated. The latter came into use thanks to the popular translated story of the 16th century, "The Debate between Life and Death" (that is, "The Dispute between Life and Death"), where the ill-fated Anika appears. Anikeev can be a form of the surname Enikeev The surname Anichev could be formed from the female name Anna - Anya, in Ukrainian there are surnames from female names formed with the help of male suffixes.

Afanasiev - From the baptismal name Athanasius - immortal (Greek). Its colloquial forms gave life to the surnames: Afanasov, Afonin, Afonichev, Afonchikov, Afonchin, Afonyushin, Afonyushkin.

Babinov - Babyonyshev. Mama's son, sissy.

Bazhutin - Bazhan and Bazhen - Russian non-church names extremely common in the old days. The nominal meaning of both: desired, cordial, sweet. The surname Bazhanov is associated with the circumstances of the birth of a child: Bazhen is a desired child. The worldly names Bazhen and Bazhan were common throughout Russia. The names Bazhenov and Bazhutin have the same meaning. Dahl also has a spoiled darling, a pampered favorite, a bazhutka - desired, dear. Bazhanov. Nobles since the 17th century. From the Turkic-Tatar bazh "brother-in-law, wife's sister's husband." Subsequently, architects, scientists. Surnames Bazhin, Bazhukov from the requests of visitors. They probably have the same basis.

Balandin - Balanda - a kind of food, or talker, empty talker.

Balashov - Balash - a personal name from the Turkic., Balash, child, son.

Baleevsky - Balei, baly - a healer, sorcerer, magician, as well as a doctor among our ancestors.

Bannikov - Not only a bath attendant and a person who loves to bathe in a bath, but also a brownie who lives in a bath.

Basov - A student in a theological seminary. Another meaning is bass - beauty, beauty.

Baturin - Comes from the nickname Batur (stubborn, disobedient), which is formed on the basis of the Ryazan dialect word "baturit" - to be stubborn. According to another version, the surname is associated with the name of Murza Batur, a native of the Great Horde, who served with the Ryazan princes.

Bakharev - Bakhar, bakhir - talker, storyteller.

Belkov - From the nickname blond, white-faced, as well as a neat person.

Berdnikov - Berdnik is a master of the thigh, i.e. weaving looms.

Biryukov lone wolf.

Bogachev - the surname comes from the word "rich man", as in the old days they called wealthy people.

Boyko - Boyky (boyko) - Transcarpathian Ukrainians-highlanders.

Borovikov - Borovich is a man living in a forest, engaged in forestry.

Bragin - A person engaged in the manufacture and sale of mash.

Bratsev - Patronymic from the nickname Bratukha, which arose from the dialect common noun bratukha, which in various dialects means "cousin", "half-brother", "friend, comrade", "brother". Brothers were called members of some religious sects "brotherhoods". In addition to bratuha, there were other words with the same meanings - bro, brother, brother, brother, which gave the appropriate surnames.

Bryukhov - Bryukhan is a man with a fat belly.

Bulygin - From the nickname "bulyga" (doodle, rough), cobblestone. In pre-Petrine Russia, it was often used as a personal name of a person.

Bulychev - Bulych - roguish. The word also served as a personal worldly name. Among the "best servants" endowed with land by Ivan the Terrible in 1550, we find Bulych Khirin. (F). It is based on the Russian word bulych, which has several meanings in different dialects "roguish, trading man" (tul.), "shameless, shameless person, arrogant rogue" (Vladim., Vyatsk.) And "stupid" (Vladim.). The word itself is borrowed from the Turkic, meaning "weak, unable to have children." The surname came from the nickname Bulych with one of the named meanings.

Burkov-Burko - a horse of a brown suit (a person could be called by the color of his hair).

Burlakov - Burlak - a peasant who goes to a foreign land to earn money, especially on river boats. This craft made people rude, self-willed, wild. "Home barge haulers rams, and in the forest - brawlers." Related surname - Burlatsky. Burlo is a screamer, a noisy person.

Butorov - Butora - the one who speaks quickly, loudly, stupidly.

Bychkov - Bykov is one of the most common surnames formed from nicknames from the name of an animal. Included in the 100 most common, in 82nd place. There are a number of "bull" surnames with slightly different meanings. Bychatin - a butcher, Bychatnikov - a cattle driver, Bychenev, Bychkov, Bychnikov .. Bykovsky, Bychkovsky, Bychenko - Ukrainian surnames with the same meaning. The related surname Porozov from the obsolete poroz is a bull.

Vazhenin - 1. Vagan - a resident of the Vaga River, a tributary of the Northern Dvina. In the North, in a broad sense, they called a simple, uneducated peasant. Also about the name Vazhenin - from the Vaga River. In the customs books of 1675-1676, according to Ustyug and Totma, merchants from Vaga were repeatedly called: “Vazhenin Grigory Ignatov”, “Vazhenin Leontiev Peter”. The word vagan appeared later. 2. Vaga - a derivative form of the old rare name Evagrius (translated from Greek: happy on the hunt). There are other meanings of the word "vaga" - weight, heaviness (hence the "important", that is, weighty), weight, scales, lever. 3. Vazhenin may be from the nickname Vazhenya - "spoiled" (Old Russian vazhat "to indulge, indulge"). It is possible to motivate the nickname Vagan with a word that exists in dialects: in Yaroslavl, Severo-Dvinsk - "muzhik, vakhlak", in Vologda - "rude, lazy person", in Arkhangelsk, Vologda - "naughty, joker, merry fellow" in dialects, the residents of Povazhye are also called wagons (along the Vaga River)

Vasilenko - Patronymic from the canonical male personal name Vasily (from the Greek basileus - "ruler, king") and its derivative forms. The surname is found everywhere, since the name from the 15th to the 19th centuries. occupied the second most frequent place among the Russians, second only to Ivan. But the frequency of the surname only in the largest cities was significant (for example, in St. Petersburg in 1910, according to B. Unbegaun's calculations, it ranked second). In none of the territories included in Nikonov's calculations, the surname was among the ten most common, since the name was used in many derivative forms from which different surnames are formed, for example: Bazilevich, Bazylev, Bazylin, Vasin, Vaseykin, Vasenkin, Vasechkin, Vasilevich, Vasilevsky, Vasilenkov, Vasilichev, Vasilyev, Vasilyev, Vasilkov, Vasiltsev, Vasin, Vasinsky, Vasintsev, Vasichev, Vasishchev, Vasnev, Vasnetsov, Vaskin, Vaskov, Vasyukin, Vasyukov, Vasyukov, Vasyunin, Vasyunichev, Vasyutin, Vasyutkin, Vasyutochkin, Vasyukhin, Vasyuchkov, Vasyushin, Vasyushkin, Vasyagin, Vasyaev, Vasyakin, Vasyatkin, Vasyashin, Vakhnev Bulgarian - Vasilev, Moldovan and Romanian - Vasiliu, Vasilescu, Georgian - Vasilidze). In some cases, it is difficult to decide which name the surname Vashin, Vashutin, Vashurin, Vashurkin and others owe - from Vasily or from Ivan? Vasenya is a diminutive form of the name Vasily. Your colloquial form of the names Ivan or Vasily. Vashynets belonging to the family of Vasins, your descendants. And already the children of Vashinets began to be written Vashintsevs and: e after sh instead of and - a later mistake, caused by the fact that the history of the formation of the surname was forgotten. (Compare Vasnetsov.) Vasilets. The suffix -ets in the formation of surnames is used in Ukrainian and less often in Belarusian. Names on Vakh- and Vash- can also be formed about the name Bartholomew. Vakhnev.

Vasiliev - Patronymic from the canonical male personal name Vasily (from the Greek basileus - "ruler, king") and its derivative forms. The surname is found everywhere, since the name from the 15th to the 19th centuries. occupied the second most frequent place among the Russians, second only to Ivan. But the frequency of the surname only in the largest cities was significant (for example, in St. Petersburg in 1910, according to B. Unbegaun's calculations, it ranked second). In none of the territories included in Nikonov's calculations, the surname was among the ten most common, since the name was used in many derivative forms from which different surnames are formed, for example: Bazilevich, Bazylev, Bazylin, Vasin, Vaseykin, Vasenkin, Vasechkin, Vasilevich, Vasilevsky, Vasilenkov, Vasilichev, Vasilyev, Vasilyev, Vasilkov, Vasiltsev, Vasin, Vasinsky, Vasintsev, Vasichev, Vasishchev, Vasnev, Vasnetsov, Vaskin, Vaskov, Vasyukin, Vasyukov, Vasyukov, Vasyunin, Vasyunichev, Vasyutin, Vasyutkin, Vasyutochkin, Vasyukhin, Vasyuchkov, Vasyushin, Vasyushkin, Vasyagin, Vasyaev, Vasyakin, Vasyatkin, Vasyashin, Vakhnev Bulgarian - Vasilev, Moldovan and Romanian - Vasiliu, Vasilescu, Georgian - Vasilidze). In some cases, it is difficult to decide which name the surname Vashin, Vashutin, Vashurin, Vashurkin and others owe - from Vasily or from Ivan? Vasenya is a diminutive form of the name Vasily. Your colloquial form of the names Ivan or Vasily. Vashynets belonging to the family of Vasins, your descendants. And already the children of Vashinets began to be written Vashintsevs and: e after sh instead of and - a later mistake, caused by the fact that the history of the formation of the surname was forgotten. (Compare Vasnetsov.) Vasilets. The suffix -ets in the formation of surnames is used in Ukrainian and less often in Belarusian. Names on Vakh- and Vash- can also be formed about the name Bartholomew.

Vdovin - This surname is associated with the word widow, widower. Vdovin is the son of a widow. Vdovtsov, Vdovichev - the son of a widower. Vdovenko, Udovenko, Udovichenko - Ukrainian version of a surname with one of the meanings.

Veprev - The surnames Veprev, Veprikov, Vepryushkin are formed from the word boar - wild boar, or rather from the name or nickname Vepr. Such "animal" names were common in the old days. Veprintsev. It is formed from the word veprinets, probably naming a person at the place of residence, for example, the village of Veprino, Veprevo (in the Vologda region) or from the Veprin family, like Vasin - Vasinets - Vasnetsov. The nickname could be given by neighbors to a hunter or a person with a fierce, furious disposition.

Verkhoturtsev - Perhaps the nickname is Verkhotur, Verkhoturets - who came from Verkhoturye (a city in the Urals, on the Tura River).

VIEW - VIEW. The meaning of this surname is debatable. Some researchers believe that it came from the nickname View, given to a solid, handsome, prominent person. Others claim that the basis of the surname is the name View, folk diminutive form of the baptismal name David- Darling (other Hebrew).

Vinogradov - The vine has always played a huge role in Christian symbolism. Grapes are often mentioned in religious books; grape bunches, carved from wood, have long served as decorations for Orthodox churches. The surname Vinogradov, as a wish for prosperity and prosperity, was often assigned to pupils of religious educational institutions. Meanwhile, many of them did not manage to taste the grapes. In the central regions of Russia, it appeared on a wide sale only, with the development of railways, by the end of the 19th century. With the development of viticulture in Russia, the worldly surname Vinogradov also appeared.

Vladimirov - This surname came from the baptismal name Vladimir (from other glory - "owning fame"). Volodya, Volosha, Voloshka is a diminutive form of the name Volodimer, Vladimir. Voloshin, in addition, as well as Voloh, the old name of the Romanians and Moldavians. The suffix -in, denoting belonging to a particular nationality (cf. Tatar, Bulgarian), began to be perceived as a family suffix. Volodych - Belarusian, Volodko - Ukrainian surnames with the same meaning. Vladimirtsev, Vladimirsky - indicates the place of residence or service of the father - the city of Vladimir or a village with a similar name. But surnames in ski in most cases belonged to the nobility. perhaps a seminary origin, they gave surnames Na-sky from the names of saints. Voloshinovsky (from the requests of visitors) - a Polish surname, probably from this name or Voloshen, Voloh.

Volgin, Volozhanin - The surname Volgin is formed from the name of the Volga River, or more precisely from a nickname or non-baptismal name. The surname Volzhsky also has the basis Volga, the name of the river, but in Unbegaun's book it is cited in a group of artificial surnames formed after 1917. The surnames Volzhanin, Volzhankin indicate a resident of the Volga banks. There is only one feature. Volzhanin is not from Volzhan, but in the old days, Volzhanin is a resident from the Volga. When the surname was formed, Volzhaninov would have been more logical, but with the strengthening of the suffix - in as one of the main constituents of Russian surnames, the nickname Volzhanin did not change into the surname. It's just that the suffix -in was adopted as already a family name (compare Kostroma - Kostromin). But Volzhankin is a metronymic (female) surname, from the mother's nickname - Volzhanka.

Volkov - The name Wolf really existed in the pre-Christian era. In ancient times, it was believed that, having received a name consonant with the name of some animal or element, a person became related to him. Later, on behalf of the Wolf, a surname was formed with the suffix -ov. worldly name Wolf was unusually popular in Russia, because it symbolized daring strength, courage, cunning. By the way, the names Wolf among the Germans, Vuk among the Balkans, Gurd among the Turks were just as commonly used, and all these are the namesakes of the Wolf.

Voronin - From a worldly name Crow, very popular in the old days. Naming the child so, they wanted to convey to him the prophetic power and longevity of this bird: according to legend, the raven lives for three hundred years.

Vyatkin - The surname is associated with the name of the Vyatka River and belongs to the descendants of immigrants from this river, from the Vyatka region. But in the "Onomasticon" of Veselovsky Vyatka, the Vyatkins: Kuzma Yakovlevich Vyatka Sakharusov, metropolitan butler, 1491-1504; from him - Vyatkina. Vyatka-1) gang, crowd (Smolensk), 2) wedge of the earth (Ryazan.) (Dal)

Gavrilyuk - On behalf of Gabriel (from other Hebrew "divine warrior"). Gavrik, Gavsha, Ganya, Gansha, Ganka are diminutive forms of this name. Ganichev (Belozero., Vozhegod., Kaduys., Ustyuzhen. districts). The patronymic of the "second degree" from the patronymic Ganich and from the diminutive form Gan of the canonical male names Agathon, Gabriel, etc. The surname is frequent in Belozerye, like other surnames in -ichev. The name Gabriel (in the common form of Gavrila) was very popular in Russia. Many diminutive forms came from him - Gavrya, Gavrik, Gavryusha, Gavrilka, Gavsha, Ganya, etc. They gave rise to a wide variety of surnames. But other explanations are also possible. Gavrikov from Gavrik - on the Don and a cunning, and a little boy, and in the Oryol region - a simpleton, a simpleton, a simpleton. Among the Kuryans, to speak, to speak - to do somehow, and in the northern dialects to speak - to dirty. In the south of Russia, to slander is to dishonor, to shame. Gavrilikhin. Gavrilikh is the wife of Garila. Near Moscow, the village of Gavshino; in the XV-XVI centuries. very common in the Novgorod region and in general in Western Russia Gavsha - Gabriel. Names in Gan- can also be formed from other names. In the dictionary of Petrovsky Gan - a derivative form of such names as Agap, Agafya, etc.

Gaev - 1. Guy, in Ukrainian a grove. 2. Guy - Russian name (born of the earth).

Gilev - Gil in some dialects is a bullfinch bird. In ancient times, gtl was called turmoil, rebellion. However, there are other explanations as well. For example, in Kostroma regions gil - a crowd, as well as nonsense, nonsense. In the north of Russia, gil is a joker, a joker, while in the south gil is to serve, serve according to the condition of the game, for example, in a ball or pile.

Glazunov - Glazunov - big-eyed, who has bulging eyes, as well as one who loves to stare: a rotozey, onlookers. Nickname options could be: Eyed, Eyed, Eyed, etc. - hence other surnames on Glaz- (E). In Dahl's vocabulary, you can find other meanings of words with the root of the eye, which could become nicknames and give the basis of the surname: eye - leaf bud, pebble, pearl (about the ring), network cell. Surnames and nicknames are repeatedly mentioned in Veselovsky's "Onomasticon": Glazun, Glazovs, Moscow Glazun - a rotozey, an idler; fried eggs - scrambled eggs.

Glazov is the same as Glazunov.

Gniloukhov - A lot of nicknames were given to a person by his appearance for physical handicaps.

Goncharov - The surname comes from the name of the profession of the father of the potter - "master of making pottery." Goncharuk, Goncharenko are Ukrainian, and surnames in -enko are typical for the eastern regions and are found in the south of Russia, -uk - for the western regions. Surnames without special suffixes -Gonchar- are more common in Ukraine but also in Russia. Goncharik is Belarusian.

Grigoriev - From derivative forms of the name Gregory (from Greek - "awake"). Grinkov - Patronymic from the diminutive form of Grinko from the canonical male personal name Grigory (through the intermediate form of Grin). The surname Gritsky is an interesting evidence of the resettlement processes in Russia. The derivative form Gritsko is typical for Ukrainians, and surnames ending in them are considered northern, were brought to Siberia and became typical Siberian surnames. Perhaps the ancestor of the owner of such a surname was a migrant from Ukraine to Siberia.

Gryazev - The surname is formed from the nickname or non-church name Dirt, Dirty.

Golovin - Golovan, golovach - a big-headed man. Nickname Golovan - "big-headed", recorded in the Vologda dialects. Obviously, the main advantage of the founders of these surnames was their head - either its size or unsurpassed sharpness of mind. In addition, in the old days the chief was called the head. There were heads of archers, convoys, customs, written, etc. Variants of surnames: Golovarev, most likely, the word leader in the full-voiced Old Slavonic version is based on the word leader. Golovnev, possibly from the word smut - smoldering coal. Golovshchikov, from headmaster - choirmaster - head - in the monastery. In Dahl's dictionary, the headman is also a merchant in a downed, selling food; headman, criminal, criminal. There you can also find quite a few words with the root head, which could become the basis of nicknames and surnames. For example, the names Golovyashkin, a golovyashka is part of the bast shoes where the fingers are.

Golubev - Dove, pigeon, dove - the naming of the same bird, and the surname is formed from a nickname or worldly name. The surname Golubev can also be associated with color. Dahl's Dovecote is a fan of keeping pigeons and at the same time a dovecote hawk. Golubinsky, Golubovsky, Golubitsky may have a geographical basis.

Golubchikov- Golubtsov - stuffed cabbage, a forgotten affectionate word, from the modern darling.

Gorbunov - The surname comes from the nickname hunchback, hunchback. Hunchback - affectionate from the Hunchback. The surname is understandable - at the heart of their word is the hump. This physical defect gave rise to other surnames with the same basis. Surname Gorbenko, Gorban, Gorbatko, Gorbach, Gorbachenko of Ukrainian origin with the same meaning. Gorbanevsky and Gorbachevsky may be formed from geographical names, and probably of Ukrainian or Polish origin. Each surname is individual and only the study of its roots can give the final answer.

Gorshkov - The nickname Pot could be given for various reasons. In the story "Alyosha Pot" L. N. Tolstoy cites one of them: "Alyosha was the younger brother. They called him Pot because his mother sent him to carry a pot of milk to the deaconess, he stumbled and broke it. His mother beat him, and the guys began tease him with "Pot". Alyoshka Gorshok - that's how his nickname went. Gorshkalev is a Belarusian surname.

Grankin-Gran is an old name. From Latin word"granum" - grain. Granya is a diminutive form of the names Gran and Evgraf (from the Greek "handsome man"). We also encounter a curious phenomenon in Russian phonetics: the appearance of an additional sound at the beginning of a word (a prosthesis, that is, an extension). But for the convenience of pronunciation of the name Granov, sometimes it was added a: Agran. This is where the Agranovs came from. (F).

Gryazev - The surname is formed from the nickname or non-church name Dirt, Dirty

Gulyaev - Walk - an old Russian name. The common noun meaning of the word "walk": reckless, reckless. In the same row Pogulyaev, Podgulyaev, Razgulev, Zagulyaev. Take a walk, take a walk, take a walk - a very eloquent nickname - a person is boisterous, reckless, cheerful.

Gusev - A surname formed from a non-church name or nickname Gus, Gusak. "Bird" names were not rare in Russian villages. Dahl has a goose merchant or goose shepherd.

Davydov - From the Orthodox baptismal name David - Davyd and comes from a male name from other Hebrew. "beloved" and its derivative forms.

Denisov - From the Greek name Denis (Dionysius - "the god of the vital forces of nature, the god of winemaking"). Denis, old. Dionysius. All surnames are from the baptismal name Denis and its derivative forms. The main surname Denisov takes 97th place in the list of the most common Russian surnames. Dionisov, a seminarian could have received such a surname. There was a tradition in seminaries to give students surnames after the names of mythological characters. Denisenko, Denisyuk of the suffixes in Ukrainian onomastics, two are especially common: -enko in the east of Ukraine and -uk, -yuk in the west. Denisenko and Denisyuk originally meant "little Denis", and then "son of Denis", and, finally, they turned into hereditary surnames.. Denisevich ) and can be formed from the full or diminutive form of the baptismal name. Surnames ending in -ich, however, are more likely to belong to the Belarusian than to the Ukrainian area. . Dzeniskevich. A surname with c or dz should be read Belarusian if it comes from an Orthodox baptismal name, which is hardly used in a Polish environment associated with the Catholic tradition, for example: Dzeniskevich Dzyanis (Ukrainian Denis, Polish Dyonizy).

Deryabin - Deryabay in the Vladimir province was called a crybaby, a roar, in Ryazan - a fighter, a bully. In the Middle Urals, a restless child is still called a mess. Surname - originally a patronymic from the church male name (or nickname) Deryaba, which is based on the common noun, widespread with different meanings over a vast territory: "crybaby", "fighter", "bully", "arrogant", "arrogant", " singing out of tune", "drinking vodka" (cf. twitch - "drink vodka" (Sk. Rus. gov.). With such a diversity of meanings, it is impossible to establish which of them served as the source of the surname in this or that case. Deryaba (or Deryaga) in addition, it may have another meaning, a mistle bird or a field thrush - 1) a field thrush, 2) a screamer, a roar, 3) a brawler

Dmitriev - Surname Dmitriev formed from the full form of the male name Dmitry (church. Demetrius, Greek demetrios - subject to Demeter, the goddess of fertility and agriculture), by adding the patronymic suffix -ev. But, perhaps, the surname Dmitriev was formed from the surname Dimitriev, because. in Russian speech, an unstressed vowel in the middle of a word can drop out. Similar surnames, going back to the full forms of male names, are the most common among Russian surnames. All these surnames could be formed from various derivative forms on behalf of Dmitry - Dima, Dmitro, Mitya, Mityai, Mityunya, etc. A small number of Russian surnames of Bulgarian origin are the surnames of Bulgarian emigrants who came to Russia mainly in the 19th century (for example, Dmitrov) . Some colonies of Bulgarian peasants in Bessarabia and Ukraine, apparently, did not have much influence on Russian onomastics. Most of them are now completely assimilated and are no longer considered surnames of Bulgarian origin. In the surname Dimitrov, such an origin is indicated by the suffix -ov and the final stress (in Russian it will be Dimitriev). Dmitrienko, Dmiterko, Dmytro, Dmitruk - as a rule, Ukrainian surnames. Some of the surnames could come from forms of other church names, for example, Dimius (Dim, Greek name Demios from dimios - nationwide, chosen by the people), Mitrofan (Mitya, Greek mitir, meter + faino - mother + show, represent), Vladimir ( truncated Dima, from Old German Waldemar from Waldan + Mar - to own + glory; Old Russian Rethought from the basics of the words own + world). Dima- toponym (geographical name), Greek city. Dimitrovo, Dmitriev, Dmitrievka, Dmitrov, Dmitrovka, Dmitrovsk- toponyms (geographical names). Michura- st.-glor. name; in some dialects, a gloomy, laconic, peevish person. Mitusit- look with one eye, squint at one eye; fuss.

Dmitrievskikh - look - Dmitriev.

Dolganov - tall people were called Dolgans and Dolgans in Russia.

Dunaev - Everyone will remember the Danube River, but the matter is not so simple. The Danube flowed far from the ancient Russian populated territories. The word "Danube" has long been held in high esteem by the Eastern Slavs both as a personal name and as an element of song refrains. The mystery is still unresolved, it is believed that the Eastern Slavic pagans called the Danube any fast and full-flowing river, and the name Danube was given to children in honor of such a river, or rather, in honor of the spirit of such a river. In Russian epics there are heroes named Danube and Potok. But Dunaevsky, Dunaysky, Dunaevtsev most likely precisely from the name of the river, and indicate the homeland or place of service of the ancestor of the surname.

Dyakov - Deacon - assistant priest (servant of the Orthodox Church).

Evdokimov - On behalf of Evdokim (from Greek - "glorious, surrounded by honor"). Evdosha, Evdak is a derivative form of this name. There is a whole galaxy of similar surnames, descended from various folk and diminutive forms of the baptismal name Evdokim - glorious (Greek): Avdonya, Avdosha, Evdonya, etc. - Avdonin, Avdonkin, Aldakov, Aldonin, Aldoshin, Evdakov, Evdonin, Evdoshin, Eldonin. At the hearing it seems that the surname Evdokimov (Ovdokimov) is very far from them, but in fact - here it is capitalized.

Evseev - Evsey, Ovsey, Avsey - derivative forms of the name Evsevy, which in Greek means "pious." Patronymic from the everyday form Evsei from the canonical male name Eusebius (ancient Greek eusebes - "pious"). From the same name - other derivative forms, of various degrees, also formed patronymics, which became surnames: Avseev, Avseenko, Avseikin, Avsyukov, Evseichev, Evseikin, Evsyutin, Evsyutkin, Evsyukhin, Evsyushin, Evsyushkin, Ovseev and other Evseichev. Patronymic of the 2nd degree "son of Evseich", i.e. in turn, from the patronymic "son of Evsey", thus, Evseichev - "grandson of Evsey".

Egorov - In Russian, the anonic name Georgy (George - from the Greek "farmer") was fixed in three forms of the church - George, Scandinavian, who came with the Varangians - Yuri, and Russian colloquial - Egor (Egoriy). Egoshin - Patronymic from the form of Egosh , which could have arisen from the colloquial form Yegor (the canonical male personal name Georgy) or from the dialect verb to squirm - in the Ural dialects "fidget, sit restlessly." Egorikhin from Yegorikh is Yegor's wife.

Elantsev - Yelan - a large clearing open place.

Elizarov - Patronymic on behalf of Elizar, the Russian version of the baptismal name Eleazar (from other Hebrew - "God has mercy").

Yepanchintsev - Wide, sleeveless cloak; Epanchinnik is a tailor who sews boots.

Eremin - The surname is formed from the folk form Erem or the calendar name Ermiy, Ermey.

Ermakov - On behalf of Ermalai, Ermey.

Ershov - Patronymic from the non-church name Ersh. "Fish" nicknames were common in the old days and became names in parallel with church ones. Ershikha - the wife of the one whose name is Ersh.

Zhidelev - This surname was given in the Tatar family, reflecting the number of children. Russian version - Semerikov.

Zhikharev - Zhikhar: 1) a wealthy old-timer; 2) daredevil, daredevil, dancer. It is not in vain that the saying goes: "The Zhikhar is such that he will dance everyone." The Zhikharevs are a noble family. Their ancestor, Inozem Zhikharev, was a clerk in Pskov in 1577. Stepan Danilovich Zhikharev - the ruler of the Vyatka Viceroyalty in 1780. Sergey Stepanovich Zhikharev, who lived in the 19th century, was a senator.

Zhukov - Surnames formed from the names of insects are quite common. Insects have always been in the field of human vision, and the diversity of their species and characteristics has caused the choice of some for nicknames. Two surnames from the names of insects are included in the hundred of the most common Russian surnames: these are Zhukov (61st place) and Komarov (80th). Related surnames: Zhukovsky, Zhuchkov and Komarovsky are more rare.

Zavyalov - 1. Withered, sluggish - sluggish, sleepy, so slow that it can wag (wither) with snow on the go in winter. They joked about the belated winter guests: "We thought they had withered, but with a cart in the yard." 2. Withered - a non-church name common in the old days. In dictionaries there are two meanings of the words wilted: "blizzard, blizzard" (Kaluga, Onega) and "sluggish, slow" (Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod). The first could give a child born during a snowstorm, the second could also become a nickname. The suffix -ov testifies to the existence of a nickname in the form Zavyal or Zavyalo. The surname is found in the Vladimir region, the Middle Volga region, Transbaikalia and with a record high frequency in the Tobol region.

Zamyatin- Hush up- a blizzard, a blizzard, but also noise, scream, indignation. In ancient times there was a "protective" name Jams: screamer, screamer. Since the 15th century it can be traced as a surname, acquiring the form Zamyatnin. Somewhat later, an independent surname became Zamyatin.

Zakharov - The surname is formed from the baptismal name Zakhary (I) (from other Hebrew - "joy; the memory of God"), in common parlance Zakhar. The name was used by both Ukrainians (surnames Zakharuk, Zakharchuk, Zakharenko) and Belarusians (surnames Zakharchenok, Zakharchenya).

Zuev - Zuy, plover - the regional name of some marsh birds from the wader family. Figuratively: the nickname of a living, moving person. There is a saying: "Fidget like a zuy." The surname is ubiquitous. Zui is an old male name. Found in documents of the 15th - 17th centuries. Veselovsky's "Onomasticon" notes: "Zuy, Zuyko, Zuev is found everywhere." Another meaning is also given there: a cook boy in an artel.

Zyryanov - The surname is based on the ethnonym Zyryans, who in the past were mistakenly called the Komi people. The nickname Zyryan, Zyryan, Zyryan could have been received just not by a representative of this people, but 1. or a person similar in features to a Zyryan, 2. or who lived for a long time among the Zyryans and then settled in a Russian village.

Ivanov - The most common surname in Russia comes from the baptismal name John - the mercy of God (heb.) - in its worldly form Ivan. Over the course of many centuries, several dozen surnames arose from the colloquial forms of this name. Ivakin, Ivanaev, Ivanishin, Ivanishchev, Ivankin, Ivanusiev, Ivanushkin, Ivaniev, Ivankov, Ivanshin, Ivakhnov, Ivachev, Ivashishin, Ivashkin, Ivashkov, Ivashnev, Ivashnikov, Ivashov and many others, Ioannov right there.

Ivkov - Iva, Ivka - can be a derivative form on behalf of Ivan, or an independent name or nickname. In Veselovsky's Onomasticon: Iva Ivan Borisovich Galitsky, second half of the 15th century; from him - Ivina.

Ivlev - Ivliy - a variant of the old Russian name Ioliy (Joel), in Hebrew - the Lord God. In Ertel's novel "Gardeninas" a headman named Ivliy is bred. The diminutive form of Ivl gave rise to the name Ivlichev. Surnames, including two patronymics: Ievl, Iovl, Ivl, i.e. St. Job (Ieva).

Izotov - the surname comes from the Russian name Izot.

Inyutin - on behalf of Innokenty.

Isakov - the surname is found among both Jews and Slavs, it is formed on behalf of Isaac.

Istomin - Patronymic from the non-church male personal name Istom, frequent among Russians until the 17th century. More than a hundred examples are contained in Sl. Tupikov, mainly from the northern half of European Russia; some researchers suggest a southern origin for this surname. The basis of the name is Istoma; perhaps the name is associated with difficult childbirth (like Tomilo).

Kazakov - A brisk, daring person, as well as a farm laborer who was hired for a year.

Kazantsev - from the word Kazan - a resident of the city of Kazan. Such surnames were frequent among merchants traveling to different places.

Kamyshev - The basis is the word Kamysh, and not a common noun, but a proper name. In the old days, there were popular names and nicknames from the names of plants or animals. Kamysh is one of those names.

Kapustin - Patronymic from the non-church male personal name Cabbage, not uncommon among Russians in the 15th-16th centuries.

Karataev - Karatai (low), Karatai - an ethnic group (Tataria).

Karelin - Possibly (Karenin) from the nickname korotai - short.

Karpov - Patronymic from the canonical male personal name Karp (Greek karpos - "fruit"), carp fish has nothing to do with it. Many derivative forms of this name have developed in Russian usage; patronymics from them also became surnames. Ukrainian - Karpenko, Karpushenko, Karpovich, Karpun, etc. (N) The common surname Karpov can come from both the baptismal name Karp and the name of the fish carp. The relatively high frequency of this surname (73rd place in the frequency list) suggests that it comes more from a baptismal name. From some derivative forms of the name Karp, the following surnames Karputkin Karputka, Karpyshev Karpysh, Karpukhin Karpukha, Karptsev Karpets, Karpunichev Karpunya Karpushkin Karpushka Karpeev Karpyoy were formed, the form is formed by adding - to the full name Karp. Karpovtsev. Surnames in -ovtsev do not go back to baptismal names directly, but through the toponym -ob, or -ovo, formed from them. Karpyshyn. Some Ukrainian surnames are formed from the name of the mother, which itself is an andronym, that is, a derivative of the name of the husband. If, for example, the husband's name was Karp, then his wife was called Karpikha, and then the andrometronymic surname would end in -ishin. Karpenya. Although the type of surnames on -en-, -yonya. and is found in Ukrainian, but it is more typical of Belarusian onomastics. Karpets. Surnames with the diminutive suffix -ёts are rare in Belarusian onomastics. The surname Karpinsky comes from the name of the settlement Karpin, which in its

Kataev - Roll, live without looking back, twist, roll from here - a reckless, riotous person.

Kaurov - Kauriy - a horse with light chestnut reddish hair, hence the nickname

a person with the same hair color.

Kirillov - Patronymic from various forms of the canonical male personal name Kirill (the name is supposed to be from other Greek kyrios - "lord, lord"); the suffixes -ov and -in are equivalent, they form possessive adjectives (whose son), but -in is attached to the bases on a, therefore Kirilin is from the form of Kiril, and Kirilov is from Kiril and Kirilo. In both cases, the spelling fluctuated - with one l or two. Modern Russian spelling, having eliminated the doubling of consonants in many common nouns, allows (but does not oblige, since names, patronymics and surnames are not written according to the rules, but according to documents) to simplify the spelling of proper names. Other surnames arose from diminutive forms. In some dialects, the initial Kir- was replaced by Kur-, which in turn gave a number of surnames, Kirilov - Kurilov, Kirilin - Kurilin, etc. Kirilyuk, Kirilenko, Kirichenko are Ukrainian surnames of a similar origin.

Knyazev - the surname is formed from the nickname Prince, which is very common among Novgorod peasants. A prince could be called a person who was in the service (military or civil) of a real prince. In an old wedding ceremony, the groom was called the prince on the wedding day. AT different places In Russia, every Tatar was jokingly or as a sign of respect called a prince.

Kovalev - From the word "forger" - a blacksmith. The most common surname among the Poles is Kovalevsky, among the southern Slavs there are numerous carriers of surnames from the word "kovach" - a blacksmith, the German surname Schmidt has the same meaning, among the English-speaking peoples - Smith.

Kokorin - A stooped, bow-legged man.

Kolesnikov - Possibly a Russian surname Kolesnikov formed from the name or nickname Kolesnik, by adding the Russian patronymic suffix -ov. The complex suffix -nickname is typical for surnames derived from occupational names ending in -nickname. In the nickname Kolesnik, the suffix -ik indicates the profession itself, and the suffix -n- acts as an adjective suffix. Those. Kolesnik is a wheel master (compare Shaposhnikov, Reshetnikov, Myasnikov, etc.). Therefore, the nickname Kolesnik belonged rather to a man who makes wheels than to a madman or a bespectacled man. The surname Kolesnikov may be of Ukrainian origin and sounded like Kolesnik (compare with the Ukrainian surnames Berdnik, Melnik, Miroshnik, etc.), and then was Russified. Kolesnik- wheel master, making driving or cart wheels; in some dialects, a playful nickname for a person who wears glasses (especially pince-nez); naughty, crazy (to talk nonsense).

Kolchin - Kolcha - one with one leg shorter than the other.

Komarov - Surnames derived from the names of insects, through the corresponding nicknames, are not numerous in comparison with "bird" and "animal" surnames. Nevertheless, two of them were included in the first hundred used Russian surnames - Komarov (80) and Zhukov (61). The nickname mosquito could get a short or annoying person. In some dialects, instead of "mosquito" they say "kumar". Komarovsky, Komarevsky Ukrainian or Polish surnames from the name of the type Komarovo, Komar.

Konin - 1. Nickname Horse, 2. A person caring for horses.

Konnov - Kononov - from Konon; it was a very common name in the old days, borrowed from the Greeks. Konnov - contracted form from Kononov; the rest of the surnames are from various derivative forms of the name Konon.

Konovalov - Konoval - a person who treats horses.

Kopylov - Surname from a nickname for household items, "kopyl" - part of the spinning wheel.

Korobitsin - Shipbuilder, owner, boss. A shipbuilder is a servant on a ship.

Korotovskikh, Korotaev, Korotkov - Korotaev. 1) Karatai is a representative of an ethnic group living in several villages in Tatarstan. 2) Korotai - a short, that is, undersized person. In Cherepovets dialects, short is "short". The rest of the surnames are also from nicknames characterizing the height of a person. Karataev may also be of Turkic origin.

Koryakin - From the colloquial form of Koryak. The snag is the one that squirms.2 Stubborn intractable.

Krivonogov - Kokora - a tree uprooted, or the lower part of it. The nickname of a stooped, bow-legged person. They said about this: "From the youth of a krivulin, under the old age of a kokor." Patronymic from the nickname Kokora, documented as early as the 15th century. The surname Kokorin is widespread in the Southern Trans-Urals. The common noun kokora, common in the north of European Russia, in the Urals and in Siberia, had many meanings, of which "stump", "crooked tree" could become the basis of the nickname; kokoristy - "stubborn, wayward, stingy" Kokora, kokor - timber with a rhizome or with a knee for building ships

Curves - Krivets - crooked, one-eyed man.

Kruglikov - Kruglikov was called a full, round person. But that could also be the name of a person who baked puff pies for sale - rounds.

Krylov - The surname was often assigned to students of theological seminaries. She, as it were, symbolized the rise up to heaven. It is no coincidence that angels have always been depicted with wings.

Kudin - Various forms of the church name Akindin (from the Greek "safe") gave many surnames. Kudimov, Udimov can also be a form of the name Nicodemus (from the Greek "the victorious people"). Kadimov - possibly a variant of Kudimov; Kinyashev from Kinyash from Kin, a short form of this name. Kudinovs. From Kudinov Kadysh (Kadyr), who transferred to the Russian service, probably from Kazan and was a former service Tatar, ambassador in 1554 - 1556. The surname, possibly from the distorted Kazan-Tatar Kudai - Khudai "God, Allah" (Gafurov 1987, p. 154).

Kuznetsov, Kovalenko - Patronymic from the name of the father by occupation. Since the blacksmith was the most necessary and well-known person in the village, naming according to this sign was everywhere. Therefore, the surname Kuznetsov is one of the most frequent in Russia; in Moscow (1964) lived 78 thousand Kuznetsovs (yielding in number only to the Ivanovs, of whom 90 thousand). In some areas, the surname Kuznetsov ranked first in frequency (for example, in 17 volosts of the Kerensky and Chembarsky districts of the Penza province in 1917, out of 69 thousand Russians covered by calculations, 1031 people were Kuznetsovs). Throughout the country as a whole, the spread of the surname Kuznetsov is somewhat limited by the use of the Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russian dialect word koval in the same meaning of "blacksmith", therefore, surnames with this stem spread from the west and south-west. Other peoples also have very frequent surnames with a base meaning "blacksmith", for example, the most common English surname is Smith, the German one is Schmidt. Kovalev is one of the most common Russians; surnames, although the word "koval" is not in the Russian literary language. In the south of Russia and Ukraine, a farrier is called a blacksmith. “If you don’t forge, don’t trash your hands” (that is, don’t get dirty) - folk wisdom advises; don't take on a job you don't know. Kovalenya. One of the suffixes forming Belarusian surnames-enya. Kowalski is a Polish or Ukrainian surname. Kovalikhin and Kuznechikhin, metronymic surnames, are formed from the name of a woman, the wife of a blacksmith. Kovalkov, Kovankov - Russified Ukrainian or Belarusian surnames.

Kuzmin - the surname comes from the male name Kuzma.

Kulikov - Surnames with bird bases are widespread in the Russian environment. Veselovsky has Ivan Ivanovich Kulik Samarin; Kulikovs. landlords, late 15th century, Novgorod. Surnames in -----sky are usually Ukrainian or Polish, in -i are typical for the North and Siberia.

Kutikov - From the nickname of churchmen: a hint of their attachment to the funeral meal.

Lebedev - The names of animals and birds were the sources of nicknames from which many "bird" surnames were subsequently formed. The Lebedevs are ranked 2nd among them, and 13th in the frequency list of all Russian surnames. This surname is widespread among the Russian clergy and may have an artificial origin, as well as surnames in -sky. Another version of the origin have the same root surnames Lebedintsev, Lebezheninov, Lebedinsky and Lebedyansky from the names of the cities - Lebedin (Sumy region) and Lebedyan (Lipetsk region) (F). The Turkic people Lebedintsy are also known in the former Biysk and Kuznets districts, in Siberia. However, Lebedinsky may also have seminary wurns, in honor of the noble bird. A winch (Lebedkin) in some dialects.

Ledenev - Leden - an ice floe, an ice floe. Obviously a nickname for a cold, impassive person.

Litvinov - Litvins: Russians and Belarusians who, before the reunification of Russia, lived in the Lithuanian and Polish-Lithuanian states.

Litovko - Not all Litvinovs are descendants of Lithuanians. Russians also called Litvins Belarusians, who, before reunification with Russia (the end of the 18th century), lived for a long time as part of the Lithuanian, and then the Polish-Lithuanian state. In the Belarusian language, instead of the Russian soft d, it is pronounced dz. There was a proverb about a Belarusian: "No matter how you repent, a Litvin will become a prisoner" (when he starts speaking Russian). Litvinets is one of the forms of the Lithuanian's nickname, like a Ukrainian. Litvinenko, Litvinonko - Ukrainian surnames of the same origin.

Lobanov - 1. All surnames - from the words denoting a large-browed, forehead-faced person.

2. In some places, a large, strong person is called a striped mullet. Loban, forehead - this is how in Russia they called a man savvy, quick-witted, and sometimes incredulous, secretive, it’s not for nothing that they say: “squint from under the brows.” Related surnames: Lobarev, Lobastov, Lobachev, Lobashkov, Lobashov, Lobashev. S.N. Lobanov (Donetsk) recalls the widespread family name of the princes Lobanov-Rostovsky, whose ancestor - a foreigner Vauban - passed at the end of the 15th century. to the service of the Moscow Tsar and became the ancestor of the Lobanovs. This is recorded in the pedigrees. But it should be borne in mind that many genealogies of noble families are falsified (in order to hide the common origin, they invented, for example, an ancestor - a foreigner). In addition, many branches of the Lobanovs are older than the one named, for example, the branch coming from the Ryapolovsky prince Andrei Loban, the beginning of the 15th century. Finally, the very transformation of Vauban into Loban owes precisely to the rethinking of the familiar Russian name Loban. But the main thing is that there are many Lobanovs, the author of the letter himself indicates that his ancestors were serfs. The surname is undoubtedly based on the patronymic from the Russian non-church name Loban from the common noun Loban - "lobasty (with a large forehead)", in some dialects - "tall".

Lukinykh - This surname is formed from the names Luke (from Latin - "light-bearing") and Lukyan (from Latin - "son of Luke, bright"). Lukonya, Lukuta, Lutonya, Lutokha - diminutive forms of the names Luka, Lukyan. Luksha from the canonical male name Lukian (everyday - Lukyan) with the suffix -sh-(a), like Vansha, Niksha and other colloquial formations. Sochetanik -kshin is typical for the north-western regions. (see Akinshin) Surname Lunchenkov from the requests of visitors. The root base of her name is Luncha Lunya Lucain. The suffix -enkov is typical either for Russified Ukrainian surnames (Lunchenko), or for Russians, common in the south of Russia, in areas bordering Ukraine. The surname Lukmanov may have another origin.

Lytkin - The surname is associated with the old Russian word lytka, which denoted the leg and its parts, the verb lyt - "to run away, wander, shy away from business." The nickname Lytka was recorded in Novgorod in 1478, repeatedly in the cadastral book of Yaroslavl in 1671; probably, Novgorodians brought it to the Perm lands, where by the end of the 19th century. the surname Lytkin is not uncommon. The All-Russian census of 1897 documented this surname in the Trans-Urals in the forms Lydkin and Lytkin (Yurginskaya vol. Yalutorovsky district, Garinskaya vol. Turinsky district / / Tobol. archive, f. 417, st. 214, 189) - this is not a mistake of scribes : in northern Russian dialects, the word lydy is "legs" or "long legs" (according to Dahl - East Russian and Vologda).

Lyapunov - Lyapa, blunderer - the one who does everything somehow, tyap-blunder, hastily and badly; speaks rudely and inopportunely, "blurts". Despite such negative meanings, Lyapa and Lyapun as personal names (non-church) were very common in the old days. Perhaps they were so used to them that they were no longer associated with the original common sense of both words. A blunder - this is how they used to call a blow with the palm of their hand, a slap, a slap in the face and a proper nickname were given to those prone to assault. Lyapun is a useless master or painter. The people of Arkhangelsk have a blunder - a mallet for killing fish. In addition, this is a word, as well as a frog, it matters - a moth. Surnames could come from these nicknames.

Lyakhov - Originally a patronymic from the name of the father of the Lyakh, how long the Poles were called, from the name of the Slavic tribe Lyakh (lekh). In the Muscovite state, not only the Poles proper, but also other subjects of the Polish state were called that; the nickname lyakh was also given to those who visited Poland or adopted some Polish trait, for example, in clothing - during close contact with Poland in the 16th-17th centuries. it was not uncommon.

Makarov - Patronymic from the name Makar (from the Greek "makarios" - happy). Makasha are diminutive forms. Makarenko Ukrainian, Makarevich Belarusian forms of this surname. Makarikha is Makar's wife. Makarychev is the grandson of Makar. Makarovsky - either from a geographical name, or from a name. Makarenkov - either Russified Ukrainian, or South Russian, from the regions bordering Ukraine.

Maksimovskikh - All surnames are formed from the name Maxim (from Greek - "greatest, huge") and derivative colloquial forms of this name - Maksak, Maksyuta, Makshay.

The surname Maksakov may also be of Mordovian origin: Erzya. maxak - "mole". (N) Less often from other canonical names: Maximian (t lat. - belonging to Maxim), Maxian, Maxmilian (from the addition of the names Maxim + Emilian). The Ukrainian surname Maksimonko is an affectionate form of the name; the Ukrainian surname Maksimyat actually means "one of the Masimyat family", originally - "Maxim's son".

Malyshev - the surname came from ancient Russian, non-church names and affectionate nicknames that were given to children.

Markov - Mark - these are derivative forms of the name Mark.

Maslennikov - Maslennik - oil merchant. And here is Maslov (from the requests of visitors) from a non-baptismal name or nickname Oil. Such names, from the names of products, were known in Russia. Maslovsky, possibly a Ukrainian surname, from the geographical name Moaslovo, Masvlok, etc. In Dahl's dictionary, from the word oil, buttered, there are many derivative words with different meanings. Maslyak is a goat mushroom, buttered is also a mushroom, masleik is a pet, minion.

Makhnev - Makhno is a derivative form of the name Matvey and Epimakh. "Epimah" - provides medical care.

Medvedev - in Russia, the leaders of a tamed bear were called bears.

Medvedkov - see Medvedev.

Mezentsev - Mezen - a resident of the banks of the Mezen River, which flows into the White Sea.

Meluzov - from the nickname of a small, frail person.

Moiseev - From the baptismal name Moses - saved from the water (other Hebrew) and its forms: Monya - Monin, colloquial Moses - Moseev, etc.

Mokrousov - From nicknames that go back to the word wet - raw. Mokrousov - someone who drinks a lot, not necessarily alcohol. Mokrusha can be one who often walked wet in childhood, or lived in a wet place, near a swamp. Mokrotovarov is a merchant of soaked goods, or maybe he once drowned the goods, and the nickname was preserved and fixed in the children's surnames. The replacement of the o-a Makrousov could have occurred either due to a clerk's mistake or because of a shrill accent.

Mokritsky is a Ukrainian surname from a geographical name with the same root. Mokryakov may also be from the nickname of the crybaby.

Mochalov - From the worldly name Mochalo (the use of a "fake" name in order to protect oneself from "evil forces").

Mylnikov - Mylnik is a person engaged in the manufacture and sale of soap.

Nazarov - From the baptismal name Nazar - dedicated to God (ancient Hebrew) - there were more surnames. Nazartsev, Nazaryev, Nazaryev..

Nemchinov - Nemchin, German - not necessarily a resident of Germany, as we call them now. In the old days, for a Russian person, any foreigner, a stranger, was a German, because he did not speak Russian, he was, as it were, dumb. German - and there is dumb. Options: Nemtsov, Nemchinin, Nemushkin.

Nesterov - Patronymic from the canonical male personal names Nester, Nestor and Nestorius. Nesterenkov is a Russified form of a Ukrainian surname with the same stem. Nesterenko, Nesteruk - Ukrainian.

Novikov - One of the most common surnames could be formed in several ways: novik - 1) princely servant, page; 2) rookie, novice; newly entered office, service, accepted into a share, artel, society, brotherhood. Novik is a young month. Due to tribal traditions, the nobles primordially emphasized this (and some other surnames) on the last syllable - Novikov. Consonant - Novichikhin, Novichkov, related - Novozhilov, Novoseltsev

Nosov - The surname is so familiar that it's hard to even imagine that it was not formed at all from the word sock - a short stocking. It appears in documents in the XV-XVI centuries. - Well, what kind of socks are there. There was a nickname or worldly name Nosko, but actually a sock is just a nose. Freckled, short, long, snub-nosed, aquiline, hooked, beautiful - in a word, some special sock became the basis for a nickname and surname. Related: Nosov, Nosakin, Nosachev, Nosenkov, Nosyrev. Well, in a way, since the nose is given to us for smell: Nyukhalov and Nyukhachev.

Nurpiisov - Surname of Turkic origin. Formed on behalf of Nurbek (Nurbek). This name is compound nur - light and bek - master, lord. There are several surnames of a mixed type, in which the element Hyp-Arab is in the first place. Nur "light", Nuraliev, Nurgaliyev "light Ali" Nurmukhamedov - Muhammad is the name of the prophet Nurpeysov Kazakh, pejis / bejis pers. behist/bihiSt "paradise" Nurberdiev Berdy Turk. berdi "he gave", the perfect form of the verb bermek "to give". Nurumkhanov khan "ruler".

Obukhov - Butt - the part of the ax opposite to the blade. And in a figurative sense - deaf, non-hearing.

Ovsyannikov - Ovsyanik - seller of oats, oatmeal bread. The saying "Do not break oatmeal, do not be a kalach for you."

Opletaev - Patronymic from the nickname Opletai from the dialect verb to braid - "to deceive".

Osipov- The surname of our great poet refers to the whole<гнезду>surnames derived from the baptismal name Esip (Joseph) - God's reward (ancient Hebrew). These are: Yesenev, Yesinin, Yesinov, Esipov, Yesichev, Yeskin, Eskov. The surnames Osipov, Osichev are formed from the form Osip. However, there are two more possibilities to explain the name Yesenin. Firstly, in the Ryazan region, the homeland of Sergei Yesenin, esenya means autumn, and it was in the fall that the poet was born. Secondly, in Russia there was a nickname Yesenya, first documented in 1590. The Esipovs are noble families. The founder of the oldest of them, Esip Vasilyevich, was a Novgorod posadnik in 1435, his sons: Vasily - thousand, Bogdan and Dimitri - posadniks.

Osokin - There are several explanations for the surname noted back in the 16th century. Kalgan is a capricious, skittish, wayward person. The same word means in Tver, Ryazan and Tambov dialects a simple wooden cup roughly hewn with an ax: a ladle, a bucket, a veal feeder. There is also a galangal plant: its spicy root is used for food, not without reason they say: galangal vodka, galangal gingerbread. Among the related surnames that arose from the names of plants are: Badyanov, Buryanov, Veresov, Diaghilev, Kamyshev, Konoplin and Konoplev, Krapivin, Kronov (a type of flax), Lozin, Mokhov, Osokin, Plushov, Polynov, Pshenitsyn, Travin (Travkin), Khvoshchev, Khmelev, Shalfeev, Yachmenev.

Okhapkin - the surname comes from the word "armful".

Pavlenko - On behalf of Pavel (from Latin - "small") and his diminutive forms - Pavsha, Pashka, Pashun, Pashan, etc. The ancestor of the Pavshins is a warrior who did not fall in battle, and Pavel, nicknamed diminutively Pavsha. Diminutive forms of names with -sha finally were characteristic of the north-west of Russia, Pskov and Novgorod dialects. There was also a female baptismal name of Paul (derived from the male) which could also become the basis of some surnames. Pavlikhin - from Pavlikha - Paul's wife. Pavlenko, Pavlyuchenko, Pavlutsky, Pavlyuk, - Ukrainian surnames, and in -enko are typical for the eastern regions of Ukraine, and in -uk for the western regions .. Pava (Pavin) - a short form of several names in Pav - Pavel, Pavlin, Pavsikaky (from Greek to remove evil), Pavsilip (Greek - satisfying suffering).

Pavlov - One of the most common surnames comes from the baptismal name Pavel - small (Greek). From this name, like from a seed, a powerful "family tree" has grown. Paveliev, Pavkin, Pavlenkov, Pavlenov, Pavlikov, Pavlinin, Pavlinov, Pavlikhin, Pavlishentsev, Pavlishchev, Pavlovtsev. Pavlukhin, Pavlukhov, Pavlushin, Pavlushkin, Pavlushkov, Pavlychev, Pavlychin, Pavlyukov, Pavlyuchikov, Pavshin, Pavshukov, Pashaev, Pagianin, Pashenkov, Pashetkin, Pashin, Pashinin, Pashinkin, Pashinov, Pashintsev, Pashihin, Pashkeev, Pashkin, Pashkov, Pashnev, Pashunin, Pashutin. Surnames formed from diminutive forms of the name Pavel could also be formed from the names Pankraty and Panteleimon: Panaev, Panin, Panichkin, Pankeev, Pankin, Pankov, Panchishin, Panchurin, Panshin, Pankov.

Palmov - A surname by the name of an exotic tree that did not grow in Russia was sometimes given to seminary students. But there was also a female baptismal Orthodox name Palmyra, and he knows the derivative form of Palma.

Panov - Tenant - a position at the court in Ancient Russia for the protection and execution of urgent orders. Later, already in the 19th century, laborers who lived in the master's house were called tenants. Other similar surnames denoting the social status are also known: Barchukov, Bogachev, Boyarinov, Gospodinov, Counts, Dvoryaninov and Dvoryankin, Breeders, Queens, Peasants, Philistines, Millionshchikov, Panov, Princes, Raskolnikov, Starostin, Fabricants, Khozyainov, Kholopov, Tsarev.

Pankov - formed on behalf of Pankraty, Panteleimon.

Pakhomov - One of three: either the basis of this surname is the verb to buttermilk - to whip milk, sour cream; or distorted halibut, palatukhi - fish; or a colloquial form that has taken on such a bizarre appearance on behalf of Pakhom, Pahomy - broad-shouldered (Greek). This name and its folk forms also gave rise to surnames: Pafomov, Pakhomychev, Pakhomiev, Pakhmutov. However, it may be that the latter is based on a distorted surname Bakhmutov from bakhmat - a short horse (Turk.).

Pechenkin - From the name of the organ of the human body, the liver. More correctly, from the nickname of the Liver, perhaps a person similar to the liver of an animal. Probably burnt, charred, whose skin is as if baked. The connection with the verb oven is unambiguous. In Dahl's dictionary, a bake is a cook, a cook, a liver is a kitchen. But also a liver - a bruise, a bruise, a liver - a mushroom, a liver (tver.) - dear, dear. And there are also the words pecha (sadness from him) - care, zeal, from which nicknames on the pech could be formed.

Piskunov - The archaic Russian word bibik meant either bad food or a person with some kind of handicap. By the way, there are many surnames that characterize the founder of the surname by his moral or physical shortcomings: Govorunov, Gorlachev and Gorlokhvatov (the one who achieves everything by shouting), Zhmurov (unfriendly), Zashein, Kuksin (pout - pout, whine), Merzlyakov, Mokryakov (either a crybaby or ..), Molchanov, Morgalev and Morgunov, Piskunov, Plaksin, Puzanovp Pugachev, Revin, Slepakov, Tikhokhodov, Khrapachev, Khripunov and others. The Bibikovs are one of the most famous noble families in Russia, originating from a native of the Blue Horde Zhidimir.

Plekhanov - Patronymic from the old Russian non-church male name Plekhan from the common noun plekhan - "bald". In Suzdal Russia, Plekhan is a pagan deity, the remnants of his cult were preserved for several centuries, and yet not until the time of the appearance of surnames.

Plotnikov - Carpenter is one of the most ancient occupations in Russia. At first it was associated with the word raft - zaplot, wattle fence.

Field - From the word, the field of surnames is formed a little: Field, Field, Zapolsky, Field. The latter is one of the ancient polysyllabic surnames in -s: Arzhany and Rye, Careful, Blue, Ninth, Wooden, Yellow (covered with abscesses), Gold, Burr, Carpet, Unknown, Unopened, Pleasant, Memorable, Cookery, Jealous, Angry, Knotty , Mustachioed, Cheremnykh.

Poluyanov - A surname from the form Poluyan prevailing in Russia from the canonical male name Polien with a partial rethinking of an incomprehensible name, as in the surnames of Poluektov, Polukarpov.

Ponomarev - Surname from the name of the father by position: sexton - the lowest rank of the Orthodox Church.

Popov - Popov, Protopopov - senior priest.

Pospelov - Keep up, keep up means and<созреть>, and<угодить>. One of the most capacious and mysterious proverbs of the Russian people is connected with the word ripe.<Умирает не старый, а поспелый (т. е. готовый для загробной жизни)>. In former times, there was a worldly name Pospel, denoting a young man who had grown up to military service or marriage (ripe - a girl of marriageable age). And in seminaries, an overgrown student could be called Pospel.

Potekhin - Surname from the non-church male name Fun, not uncommon in Russia in the 15th-17th centuries. The surname from its diminutive form Poteshka became the surname Poteshkin. According to the 1897 census. several families with this surname are recorded in the village of Chindyanovo (now the Dubensky district of Mordovia).

Ashes - The surname, most likely, is not from the usual meanings of the word "dust". In dialects, the ashes are a huckster, a horse dealer, as well as a spendthrift, a reveler.

Pronin - From the folk version of Pronya - Prokhor.

Prokhorov - From the baptismal name Prokhor - she sang, started (Greek) - other surnames also occurred. Surnames on Prosh- can also be from derivative forms of the name Prokofy.

Ptitsin - Many "bird" ones are formed from nicknames that do not go back to the name of a particular bird, but to the general name Bird, Ptah (Bird), Pichuga. Mobile, nimble, short people could get such nicknames. And their descendants became Pichugins, Birds, Ptakhinmi, etc.

Wheatgrass - Wheatgrass is a common herbaceous plant. At the end of the 15th century, Pyrey Osokin son Travin lived (a curious example of homogeneous, in this case "plant" names in one family). From him came the Pyryevs.

Raspopov - Neither the monk nor the abbot - the abbot of the monastery - could marry. So the names of the Monks, Igumnov could be born from nicknames (perhaps ironic) or from benefactors who sent someone else's capable child, for example, to study in the city. Option - Monk. Other Orthodox clergymen got married, and then the surnames arose naturally: Popov, Protopopov (senior priest), Dyakonov (priest assistant), Protodyakonov, Ponomarev (clerk, lighting candles and ringing bells), Raspopov (priest, deprived of dignity), Razdyakonov.

Rudakov, Rudnov - Rudak, ruden - ore (Rudov), that is, red. Rudakov - patronymic from the nickname or non-church male name Rudak. The common Slavic and Old Russian word ore is “blood”, from which rudak is “red, red”. In the North, the surname Rudakov was very common, here ore - "dirt, stain" and rudak - "dirty, soiled."

Rumyantsev - RUMYANTSEV Blush was called not only the very complexion, but also a ruddy person ..

Russians - The first person to be called Russian may have lived in a village where the majority of the inhabitants were not Russians (for example, Komi-Zyryans or Permians). Then he could move, but the nickname (or already the surname) remained. And the endings - theirs are typical for the surnames of just those regions - the north, north-east of Russia .. Such surnames were formed from the appeal "whose will you be?" - Russians. This appeal can still be heard in the villages. It reminds of the tradition of large families, when 5-7 generations lived in one yard.

Rybin, Rybnikov - The family of "fish" surnames in Russia is quite extensive. These surnames could be formed from nicknames or non-baptismal names such as Rybka, Rybka, Rybka.

Rykunov - Roar - growl. So they could call a noisy child or an adult, distinguished by a loud voice. Rykach, Rykun - the one who growls. All these words are common old Russian names. Rychko is a diminutive form of the name Ryk.

Ryumin - Representatives of this family can be proud of their ancestors, information about which is contained in various documents confirming the trace they left in the history of Russia. The surname Ryumin originated from the northeastern regions of the ancient Russian state and has been known since the 17th century. Of course, over time, representatives of this family may live in other historical areas.

The surname Ryumin belongs to a rare and unusual group of Russian surnames formed from family names. The child received the intra-family name only from the parents, and this is the only sign by which the intra-family names differ from the nicknames that were usually assigned by neighbors. Of course, not all children had an intra-family name in addition to the official one.

Savintsev - Surname from various forms of diminutive forms of the name Savva (translated from Aramaic - "old man", "grandfather"), as well as other Christian names that begin with the syllable sav: Savvaty (ancient Hebrew - Saturday), Saveliy (other Hebrew). - Heb. - asked from God), Savery, Savin (lat. - Sabine). Saushkin - the same as Savushkin, only dropped out between vowels; a frequent phenomenon in Russian phonetics (deushka from a girl, Lyoushka from Lyovushka). Initially, the surname Savinykh is the genitive case of plural adjectives: whose child? - Savinykh. The form of surnames with -i (s) is typical for the Russian North and the central black earth regions, from these territories it came to Siberia. Savanin may be from Savan, a derivative of one of these names. Surnames ending in -enko, -yuk, -uk are Ukrainian, -enok are Belarusian. Savvinsky - - a seminary surname, on behalf of a saint or a church named after him.

Savrasov - Savrasy - light red with a black tail and mane, horse color. Probably, the color of the hair of the ancestors of the surname somehow reminded others of the colors of the horse. A patronymic from a nickname from the common savrasy or savras - "grayish, grayish" (in a figurative sense it became the nickname of a horse by color, and then it also received an estimated value with a touch of condemnation - "is worn like a savras without a bridle").

Salamatov, Salamatin - Salamata, or salomata, is a folk dish: jelly or liquid porridge made from flour with lard or butter. So they could call a lover of this dish. It is based on the common noun salamata - "liquid food from cereals or flour with fat and salt" (it is assumed that the word is borrowed from the Turkic languages, but this raises objections: there it is borrowed from Russian). It is possible that the surname owes its origin not to this meaning, but to a secondary, derivative one: in some Russian dialects, salamata is "a chatterer, a talker", a patronymic from this nickname could become a surname. The surname is often found in the form Solomatin. Straw is the same as straw. A strawman is a trader or manufacturer of straw. In Dahl's dictionary, salamaha is a sweet and drunken drink, as well as a lethargic, slow woman.

Samsonov - From the Orthodox baptismal name Samson (from other Hebrew - sunny).

Sapozhnikov - Shoemaker - the one who makes boots, shoes, shoemakers - the son of a shoemaker. And here is Sapozhkov from the non-baptismal name Sapozhok. Such names from the name of clothing were common in Russia in the old days.

Sergeev - The surname is formed from the patronymic of the name Sergey (from Latin - "highly respected, high") and from derivatives of this name. Sergiev, Sergievsky - a surname not formed in Russian traditions, such a form, close to the canonical one, was characteristic of the clergy. Sergevnin is a metronymic surname formed from the name of the mother by the name of her father Sergevna - the daughter of Sergei. The actual Sergevnin is the grandson of Sergey on his mother's side.

Sidorov - From the name Sidor, common in the old days (Isidor, from Greek - "servant of the goddess Isis"). Sidorenko, Sidochuk - a surname of Ukrainian origin, Sidorenkov - a Russified form of this surname. Sidorovnin has a slightly different origin, but with the same root. From the female Sidorovna - the daughter or wife of Sidor.

Simakov - From various diminutive forms of the names Simeon / Semyon, Sim, Seraphim.

Skvortsov - Possibly a Russian surname Skvortsov formed from the name or nickname Starling, by adding the Russian patronymic suffix -ov. Parents could call a child a starling (previously, generic names or nicknames from the names of food, household items, animals were popular), or they could call an adult this way for the ability to whistle beautifully or sing like a starling. In any case, the first bearer of the nickname Starling probably evoked associations with this bird among those around him. The prevalence of this surname probably speaks of its appearance in the second half of the 19th century. - during the period of "naming" the Russian population. At the same time, along with the surname Skvortsov, other "bird" surnames Sorokin, Voronin, Grachev, Vorobyov, etc. appeared. Other surnames could be formed from other forms of nicknames Skvarko, Skvorets, Skvorko and its various forms.

Smetanin - The surname came from a nickname or non-church name of a person: Smetana - Smetanin. The use of the name of a food product as a name was not uncommon in Russian villages. This surname is ubiquitous. Sour cream is the Ukrainian version. But sour cream, sour cream - a merchant or manufacturer of sour cream.

Smirnov - Smirnov is one of the most common Russian surnames. In Moscow alone there are seventy thousand Smirnovs. Why? In a large peasant family, quiet, quiet children were a great relief for parents. This quality, rare for small children, was imprinted in the secular name Smirnaya, it often became the main name of a person for life (the church name was forgotten by those around him). From the Smirnys came the Smirnovs.

Solovyov - Surnames of this type did not come from the name of the bird, but from the nickname (or non-church name) of the person: Nightingale - Solovyov.

Solomin - The surname is formed from a non-baptismal name or nickname Soloma. Such "plant" were widely distributed in Russia. In the Dal dictionary, a straw is also a pipe, a straw man is a shed for storing straw, a straw man, a straw man is a straw merchant. . Or from the baptismal name Solomon through the form of Solom or or Solomey.

Solonin - Salt has nothing to do with it, but the biblical sage King Solomon will have to be remembered! Salt, Solonya - diminutive forms of the Christian name Solomon (from other Hebrew - "healthy, prosperous"). And in the Pskov dialects, the pickle is a slob.

Spirin, Sviridov, Spiridonov - On behalf of Spiridon (presumably from the Greek "gift of the soul" or from the Latin personal name, meaning: born out of wedlock; a basket for food). Spirya, Svirya is a diminutive form of this name. Svirid is a variant of the name Spiridon.

Stepanov - Patronymics from the diminutive forms of Stepun, Stepukh, Stepush - derived from the canonical male name Stefan (other Greek stefane - "wreath"). Since the sound [f] was not characteristic of the Old Russian language, this name was pronounced in everyday speech as Stepan. These surnames have nothing to do with the word steppe. Stepurin is a patronymic from the affectionate or ironic form of Stepur of this name. Stenin - of course, not from "wall", but from the name of Sten - a diminutive form of the name Stepan. The rest of the surnames are derived from the same name. Moreover, the surnames ending in -enko (Stepanenko, Stepchenko), -uk / -yuk (Stepanyuk, Stepuk) are most likely Ukrainian, because. the suffix -enko is common in eastern Ukraine, and -uk/-yuu in western.

Strelkov - In the Old Russian language, the shooter meant the same as the shooter. Strelchenko is a Ukrainian surname.

Strunin - The surname Strunshev could have arisen as a patronymic Strunyashev (i.e. "son of Strunyash") from the nickname Strunyash, which is based on the verb to string with the meaning "strum, strum on a stringed instrument" or "forge, tie" (cf. tie in) . However, stringyash is not recorded anywhere, so the proposed interpretation of the nickname Strunyash remains only an assumption. Strunin, Strunnikov obviously have the same explanation.

Stupin - Patronymic from the nickname Stupa from the dialect stupa - "fat, clumsy." Stupisha is a derivative form from Stupa.

Suzdalov - From the name of the father at the place of his former residence, Suzdal - from the city of ancient Russian Suzdal. One of the options for explaining the name of the city refers to the ancient male name Suzdal. Hence the surname Suzdalov. Suzdal can go back to the ancient verb sjzdati (modern to create) which originally meant "to make from clay" (from other Russian s'd' - clay). Maybe it was the name of a potter or a brick-maker.

Surovtsev - Surovets is a stern person. A noun formed from an adjective, just like "lucky" "arrogant" ...

Suslov - Wort is a fresh, unfermented beer. There is a proverb: "Where the wort is good, there the beer will be good." Or a sweetish drink made from malt and flour, popular in old Russia. Ancient non-church name. Suslopar - the one who soars (cooks) the wort.

Sutormin - from the word sutora - vanity, disorder.

Sukhanov - Surnames from nicknames or names ascending to the adjective dry - meaning thin or callous, insensitive. Suhan - skinny, dry. Sukhomlya is a dry, thin person. Dryness - sick or excessively thin. And there are Sukhorebrov, Sukhorebry, Sukhobokov, Sukhoparov. Here is Redcorebrov.

Sukhonosov - The size and shape of the nose was reflected in many surnames: Gorbonosov, Dolgonosov, Kolbonosov, Karnonosov (i.e., snub-nosed), Dubonos (with a big nose), Krivonos, Perebeinos (with a broken nose bridge), Shilonosov, Sukhonosik (with a small pointed nose) , Kurnosov, Mokronosov, Kapinosov. Dubonos is a bird with a massive beak, hence a man with a large nose. Shilonosov - patronymic from shilonos, i.e. "pointy".

Sukhorukov - the size and shape of the hands were reflected in the surname, a man with small thin hands.

Takmakov - Tokmak, tokmach - wooden mallet, mallet. Perhaps such a nickname was given to stubborn, persistent people who "hollowed the same thing" until they got their way. The surname Takmakov obviously has the same meaning, only the "screaming" variant.

Talanov - Talan" should not be confused with "talent". A person may have talent, but talent - good luck, luck - may not be enough. In order for happiness and luck to accompany the son all his life, loving parents gave him the name Talan. "Who has talent, he will be an ataman." Sayings about a loser: "Our Ivan has no talent in anything", "My talent ate a ram." could be colloquial forms of this surname.

Cockroaches - It happened in antiquity, although infrequently, that a person received a nickname from the name of an insect. This is how the surnames that exist in our time appeared: Blokhin, Botkin, Zhukov, Klopov, Komarov, Kuznechikov, Motylev, Moshkin, Mukhin, Muravyov and Muravlev, Murashkin, Murashkov, Murashov, Spiders, Pautov (pautov - gadfly), Pchelin and Pchelkin , Saranchin and Saranchev, Sverchkov, Slepnev (gadfly - gadfly), Cockroaches, Trutnev (drone - male bee), Khrushchev (Khrushchev - bumblebee), Shershnev, Shmelev. Of these, the most common are Zhukov and Komarov.

Tarasov - From various forms of the baptismal name Taras (troublemaker, rebel - Greek). Tarasov / Taranov Taras / Taran, i.e. Taran is a form of the name Taras. Taran, Tarasyuk, Tarasenko are Ukrainian surnames, Tarasenkov is already Russified Ukrainian from Tarasenko. Tarasenya, Tarasik, Tarasenok, Tarasevich are Belarusian.

Tebenkov - Surname from the name of the father from the Turkic word tebenek - "short". The surname was recorded in Perm - 1972.

Temnyakov - In ancient times, a temnik was a commander over a large army: darkness - a thousand (old). However, there was another meaning - a foundling, a foundling; in addition, dark in the old way - blind. Related surnames: Dark, Temnyaev.

Titov - Surname from the canonical male name Tit (presumably from Latin titulus - "honor, inscription").

Tokarev - 1. This is a professional surname, but not from the modern concept of the term turner. In the old days, in the villages there were grinders, turners who either sharpened knives, scythes and other tools, or turned wooden utensils. In Dahl's dictionary there is a phrase "The whole Semenovsky district is turning, sharpening wooden utensils." 2. These are "Bird" surnames: turner, tokuy - vernacular name black grouse.

Trefilov - From the baptismal name Trefilius - clover (Greek) - also arose: Trefilov, Trefilyev, Trifilov, Trifin, Filyushin.

Trinity - In the XVII-XIX centuries. Orthodox clergy were referred to primarily by the name of the church. In official documents, the Trinity priest Ivan, etc., is common. This tradition also prevailed when distributing surnames to students of church educational institutions.

Trunov - Patronymic from the canonical male personal name Tryphon (ancient Greek tryphon - "gentle"). Trishechkin - originally - a patronymic from the affectionate (probably with a touch of irony) form Trishechka from the canonical male name Tryphon (Tryphon Trisha Trishka Trishechka). Surnames in this form (on -echkin, -ichkin, -ochkin with an accent on the basis, and not on the suffix) are most frequent in the Upper Poochie, especially in the Khvastovichi district of the Kaluga region, Belevsky and Bolkhovsky districts of the Oryol region and adjacent areas. Trishkin is a patronymic from the pejorative form Trishka from the canonical masculine personal name Tryphon, through the intermediate diminutive form Trisha. Trunov, possibly from a nickname from the dialect (Vologda) word trun - "rags, rags." The surname is recorded in Kursk, Orel, Tula. Trufanov. The surname is not uncommon in the North (Shenkur, Pinezh districts, Arkhang region), in the Trans-Urals, in the central black earth regions (Gorshechensk district, Kursk region, is in Kursk, Lipetsk, Orel, Tambov). In the study by V.A. Nikon's surname is associated with the northern word trufni (a type of footwear). In Moscow, the surname is pronounced - Trufanov. Nevertheless, a trip to the North in 1980 convinced Nikonov that only Trufanov from the male name Trufan was correct. This etymology was also indicated by G.Ya. Simina. The author claims in vain that this name is a trace of the Novgorod colonization; in Kursk and adjacent regions, as reported by I.G. Dobrodomov, Trufan's uniform is common, but the Novgorodians have never been there. The change and - y (Tryphon - Trufan) came along with the name from Byzantium: graphically, the Greek letter epsilon could also be transmitted by the letter y. (N) Trunya, Trun - diminutive forms of the names Trufan (Tryphon) or Fortun. Trukhan is a variant of the name Tryphon. (F) The dialect word trun is also known - rags, rags and taunt - to joke, nicknames and then surnames could form from both meanings.

Trusov - the surname comes from the word "coward".

Trufanov - The surname is not uncommon in the North, in the Trans-Urals, in the central black earth regions. In the study by V.A. Nikonov's "Northern surnames" surname is associated with the northern word trufni (a type of footwear). In Moscow, the surname is pronounced - Trufanov. But still a trip to the North in 1980. convinced Nikonov that only Trufanov from the male name Trufan is correct. This etymology was also indicated by G.Ya.Simina. The author claims in vain that this name is a trace of the Novgorod colonization; in Kursk and adjacent regions, the Trufan form is common, and the Novgorodians have not been there. The change and - y (Tryphon - Trufan) came along with the name from Byzantium: graphically, the Greek letter epsilon could also be transmitted by the letter y.

Uvarov - 1. "The cabbage soup is well boiled," says the hostess, but the surname of a completely different root - on behalf of Uar, colloquially Uvar, Uva. The name is of Greek origin, its meaning is unclear. 2. From the Latin word "uva" - grape brush; in the latter case, a seminary surname.

Ufimtsev - Initially - a patronymic from the nickname Ufimets, that is, "who came from Ufa", the capital of Bashkiria. The surname Ufimtsev among many other "geographical" surnames of the clergy is considered one of the most common.

Fatkin - Fatey - from Photiy (first Photei, then, in aka dialects, it began to be pronounced and written Fatey). The name Photius is of the same root as "photo", "photon" (from the Greek "phos", genus case "photos", - light). Fatya, Fat, Fatyan - diminutive forms of the names Photius, Fotin, Josaphat, Bonifatiy. Fatyan could also be formed from the name Faustian. Fatyanov Patronymic from the Russian everyday form Fatyan from the church male name Photius (ancient Greek fos - "light") The surname Fatkin probably has the same basis, from the short form Fatya - Fatka.

Fedorov - Patronymic from the male church name Theodore (other Greek Theodoros - "gift of the gods"), in the XVI-XVII centuries. one of the most common names among Russians, which was second only to Ivan and Vasily in frequency of use. In everyday pronunciation, the combination of vowels [e o], which is not characteristic of the Russian language, has disappeared. Most often, the surname Fedorov is found in the Novgorod and Pskov regions, where it ranks fourth among others, and, for example, in the Middle Volga region - much less often. From the derivative dialect forms of the name, other forms of surnames also arose. In other forms, this name came into Russian from other languages, for example: Polish Teodor, Bulgarian Todor. The sound [f] alien to the Old Russian language was transmitted as [x] or [xv] - Khodor, Khvedor, dozens of surnames arose from them: Fedin, Fedonin, Fedoreev, Fedykin, Fedkin, Fedkunov, Fedyunin, Fedyaev, Fedyakin, Fedyanin, Fedyahin, Fedyashin , Fedyashkin, Khodorov, Todorov and many others. Feodrov. Surnames from the full forms of the name may also have a seminary origin. Fedorov, Fedorovsky. You can read more about surnames beginning with -i/s here. In Siberia, Fedorovsky could become the Fedorovskys. Fedorovsky, Fedoriv, ​​Fedchenko, Fedorenko, Fedchun, Fedorosyuk, Fedorozyuk, Fedko, Fedoruk - - Ukrainian surnames from the same name. The most common suffix in Ukrainian surnames is enko, the suffix -iv, -ovich are very pedantic, the suffix -uk/yuk are typical for the western regions of Ukraine. Fedorovich, Fedorkevich, Fedchenok, Fedrinchik - Belarusian. (U). Fedorovskikh, Federyakin Fedeshov, Fedoriv, ​​Fedorosyuk, Fedorozyuk, Fedoryak, Fedko, Fedyunov, Fedyainov, Fedyna - from the requests of visitors. Surnames in -enko, -iv, -uk, -yna are Ukrainian.

Filimonov - Patronymic from the church male name Filimon (other Greek phileo - "to love"). Philemonikha - wife or widow of Philemon .

Firsenko - Firsak on behalf of Firs.

Frolov - Folk version of Flor (many names).

Kharin- A surname from various forms of the church male name Khariton (ancient Greek hariton - "generous") The surname Kharin is hardly related to the rude word "mug", that is, the muzzle, mug. Kharya is a diminutive of the name Khariton (Greek for "generous"). Let me remind you that the city of Kharkov, as they say, owes its name to the first settler - the Cossack Khariton, nicknamed Kharko. Patronymic from the short form Kharya from the church male name Khariton (ancient Greek hariton - "generous"). Kharchenko is a Ukrainian surname. Kharko, Kharchko, Kharyuk are derivative forms of the name Khariton.

Harlov - From the baptismal name Khariton - generous (Greek) - there were also surnames: Kharin, Kharinov, Kharitoshin, Kharichkov, Harlov, Harchikov. And Kharkov, Kharisov, Kharyukov could also be formed from the baptismal Kharisim. pleasant (Greek)

Khokhlov - Khokhlach - the one with the forelock, the crest on his head. From a non-church name or nickname Crest, Crest, about a person wearing a forelock, crest. In Dahl's dictionary, khokhol, khakhal - lover, friend, khakhal (Vologda).

Khudyakov - Patronymic from the non-church personal name Khudyak. Skinny, skinny - not necessarily skinny, but above all a poor person. Khudyak, hudak - a poor man; townspeople were divided into the best, average and thin.

Chashkin - One of the surnames formed from the names of kitchen utensils. Cups, maybe from Chashko Cup, Chalice.

Chebykin - In the Urals, chevyks are people who instead of "c" pronounce "h": chick, chvetok, forehead.

Cherdyntsev - From the city of Cherdyn, Perm region. Cherdyn - city in the north. parts of the Perm region. It was first mentioned in 1472. It could have been based on the word cherda, now preserved in the Mari language in the meaning of "forest", but it has not been found in either Perm or Ugric languages.

Cheremisin - At the heart of the surnames Cheremis, Cheremis - this is how the Mari were called in the old days. Cheremiskin is the son of a Cheremiska.

Cherepanov - Cherepan in the old days - potter, potter. The inhabitants of the city of Cherepovets were also called Cherepovets.

Chernavin - Surnames in -sky 1. either from rivers and settlements named Chernyava, Chernyavka - there are such in Minsk, Mogilev, Vinnitsa and Zhytomyr regions; 2. either from a swarthy - a dark-skinned, black-haired person. "Dark girl" is mentioned in epics. Chernavka is a servant, a servant for the dirtiest, menial jobs, in the old days there was such a worldly name. Hence the black surnames Chernavin, Chernavkin, Chernavsky.

Chernotinsky - From the family name Chernysh, reflecting the external features of the named (dark color of hair, skin or eyes.

Chesnokov - The surname refers to the nest of "garden", such as Lukov, Cucumbers. However, there is another meaning of the word garlic - palisade, palisade. In the main surname, the worldly name Garlic, known in antiquity - 1) garden plant, 2) palisade, palisade

Chingin - The surname is nothing more than an old pre-Muslim name associated with the memory of the famous conqueror (Tatar prince Chingin).

Chudinov - Chukhnaya, in the old days, representatives of the Baltic Finnish peoples were called Chukhons: Finns, Ingrians, Estonians, etc. From the ancient name of the Chud people (chukhna). There is also the surname Chukhnov and Chudinov.

Chudov - Miracle - the wife of the one whose nickname is Miracle, Miracle. If a woman raised a child alone, then he became Chugdikhin. Surnames of this kind were not rare in the old days, Chugun - Chugunkha - Chugunikhin .. A connection with the ethnonym Chud is possible.

Churikov - Chura in ancient times was called a slave, at a later time - a servant-squire. The Eastern Slavs named children by the names Chur, Chura, probably in honor of Chur, the Slavic pagan deity of the hearth. Chursa - from the root chur and the ancient suffix sa. Churik is a diminutive of Chur. Surnames are associated with the old Russian name Chur, or Chura, which the Eastern Slavs called children, probably in honor of Chur, the Slavic pagan deity of the hearth. The form of the name Churs was formed from the root chur- and the ancient suffix -s(a). Surnames are widespread in different areas.

Chusovitin - The surname is based on the Chusovaya River in the Urals. It can be added that such surnames have two forms: on -yaninov and -yanov. The first is formed from the naming in the singular: Chusovlyanin - Chusovlyaninov. The second - from naming in the plural: Chusovlyane (a family or group of people who came from the Chusovaya River) - Chusovlyanov. Plural naming is characteristic of the Russian North and Siberia. Another suffix that forms wamils ​​from geographical names is itin: Chusovitin, Chasovitin is just a variant of the same surname. Chusovaya - r. in the Urals, the left tributary of the river. Kama. The etymology is unknown. It is assumed from the Komi language - Chuosi "patron, sacred", but this needs serious evidence. An opinion was expressed about the word "river" repeated three times in different languages, chu-su-va (the first two are Turkic, the third is Permian), but this is very artificial and strained, for this territory it is unusual for chu, unjustified with, instead of su. Chusovaya, lion. tributary of the Kama (Sverdlovsk and Perm regions, sources - in Chelyabinsk). There have been many attempts to explain the name Chusovaya. The popular Russian rethinking owes the opinion that Chusovaya used to be called Chasovaya: supposedly its level is changing rapidly, and it turns from poor water into a raging stream. The traveler of the 18th century adheres to this interpretation. I. I. Lepekhin: "It may turn out that the name of the sowing river is somewhat corrupted, and it should be called the Chasovaya River, and not the Chusovaya: for it must wait for a certain time or hour at which ships can be released." This view is opposed by the modern form of the name Chusovaya, as well as the existence of the Severny and Poludenny Chus rivers in the Komi-Permyatsk Autonomous Region, Chusovskoye Lake near Sverdlovsk and Chusovskoye Lake in the Kolva basin in the north of the Perm Region. four words with the meaning "river": chu (Tibetan), su (Turkic), va (Komi-Permyak), I (Mansi), that is, "River-river-river-river". The point of view that the Komi hydronym is based on the word chuosi or chauso, supposedly denoting "patron", "sacred river", is also unsubstantiated. It is possible that this name was adopted by the Russians from some Permian language, where it sounded like Chusva. True, there is no such word in the modern Komi-Permyak language, but the Udmurt chus means "brisk", "agile". "Fighter" Chusovaya is difficult to find a river in the Middle Urals, so the meaning of the word chus is very suitable. It can be assumed that the word chus was forgotten in the Komi-Permyak language, but was preserved in the related Udmurt language. Therefore, chus is "brisk", va is "water"? But there are objections to this version too: in particular, the name of Lake Chusovskoye in the Perm region. He dominates to this day. Secondary are the names of Lake Chusovskoye southwest of Sverdlovsk, which is located on the right side of Chusovaya, the city of Chusovoy in the Perm Region, founded as a settlement at the Chusovskoye Metallurgical Plant in 1879 and received the rank of a city in 1933, the working settlement of Verkhne-Chusovskie Gorodki in Perm region, which arose as a settlement of salt workers as early as 1616, as well as the village of Chusovoye in the Shali district of the Sverdlovsk region. (the former Staroshaitansky plant, built in 1727 by Nikita Demidov at the mouth of the Shaitanka River, the left tributary of the Chusovaya). Matveev Geographical names of the Urals.

Shabalin - Shabala - tear, rags, talker. Initially - a middle name from a nickname from the common noun Shabala, in which two different words are probably mixed: in the South Russian dialects Shabala - "talker" (and in a number of Siberian ones), and in the northern and Volga regions - "rags, tatters". (N) If the surname came from the southern Russian regions, then here the nickname Shabala, Shabalda was given to a chatterer, a talker, or an idler. It was not in vain that there was an expression: "to beat Shabala" - to loiter around idle, to sharpen the laces. In the Ryazan, Tambov and Nizhny Novgorod regions, shabala is cast-offs, worn-out clothes. And among the inhabitants of Kostroma and Perm, the same word means an aspen block, from which they make dishes. This word could also have the meaning - scraps. Such a nickname could be given to a small person - either by appearance or morality. Namesakes: Shabaldin, Shebolaev, Shebalin.

Shadrin - The surname originated in the Russian North: here Shadra is the nickname of a pockmarked, covered with natural pockmarks. namesakes: Shadrunov, Shchedrin, Shchedrinin.

Shalamov - Shalim - Turkic name; from "naughty" handful. It was given to babies to emphasize their diminutiveness: they say, so small that you can fit in a handful. Even in ancient times, this name was used by Russians as an additional to the church, secular. The surname Shalimov is dated in the Armorial of 1741. It comes from the Turkic proper name SalimSah "alim" "king, ruler and "scientist, enlightened" + suffix -ov> Shalimov. No less likely is the origin of the surname Shalimov from the Turkic. (Kazakh, karakalpak.) salym "a handful", salymly kisi "a hard-working, strong, strong person." (B) The distorted Shalam, from Shalim, could also be given the surname Shalamov

Shamonin - Shama, Shamonya, Shamsha - the one who mumbles, speaks in a whisper. The surname Shamin dates from the Armorial of 1741. The origin of this surname is controversial. It is possible that the basis of it is the Russian nickname of Shama ~ Shamon "the one who speaks with a mumble, mumbles" (Dal). Its structure, therefore, can be very simple: Shama + surname formation suffix -in> Shamin. Less legitimate is the construction of this surname to the basis of sham "rubbish, rubbish" (Fasmer). However, it is possible that the surname Shamin is of Eastern origin and goes back to the meaning "originating from Damascus" or, less likely, to Tur. Sama "a lamp, a lamp" and, finally, to cama~saina "to be able, the strength that is necessary to do something; evaluation by eye"> "one who evaluates by eye" (Radlov) - with the same structure - with by adding the suffix -in> Shamin. Shamin can also mean "shuffling, dragging feet." Shamov. From the prince of Kazan Shamov Shabas, the butler of Shah Ali, in 1550 - 1552. accompanying his overlord to Kazan, Moscow, and, obviously, taking Russian citizenship with him.

1) large bran, 2) rhetoric, liar (Dal) Sham-speak indistinctly, mumble-chew (modern)

Shamaev - see Shamonin. Shama - the one who speaks with a mumble, mumbles.

Sharkunov - A person whose external gloss and sophistication of manners covers the inner emptiness (literally, the one who shuffles his foot, shuffle).

Shakhov - From the Persian shah (sovereign), which penetrated into the Russian language not only as a common noun, but also as a personal name. The first of the Shakhovsky princes bore the loud title of Shah. The surname Shakhovskaya has as its basis a word of Iranian origin borrowed through the Turkic language Shah Pers. "" Shah, king, monarch "" This word, added to common nouns, - as L. Budagov notes, - determines the superiority of the objects they signify in comparison with others. could serve as the name of a property that belonged to a person who had the nickname shah, the surname Shakhovskaya took shape through the suffix -skoy.The origin of this surname from the nickname is confirmed by the absence of heraldic features, usually found in the arms of clans genetically associated with the East.Unbegaun refers the surname Shakhov to the group of educated from the terms associated with fishing: shah - a stake for drying the net, also formed from the nickname Shah.

Shepelev- The word "shepel" is lost in the language; it probably meant "lisping". In dialects, "lisping" has been preserved in this meaning. Shepel, chepel - an iron spatula for cleaning hemp from bonfires (Dal).

Shirobokov - Patronymic from the nickname Shiroboky, the meaning of which, perhaps, is not connected with appearance ("fat"), it could indicate the character, lifestyle of a person. The surname was frequent in Siberia, its other centers are the village of Dolzhanka, Cheremisinovsky district, Kursk region, the village of Semenovskoye, Ankovsky district, Ivanovo region.

Shulgin - Shulga is left-handed. Shulgin. Frequent surname early origin, is found almost everywhere. It arose as a patronymic ("son of Shulga") from shulga - an old Russian word, still preserved in some dialects with the meaning "left hand" and "left-handed". Shulgin. Surname of secondary origin - from the same surname; meant belonging to the Shulgin family, was recorded early - in 1669, the peasant I. Shulgins (V.I. Shunkov) is mentioned in documents on Verkhoturye in the Urals. Like other surnames in -them, -th, Shulgin is found in the Kursk region, in the North, the Urals, and Siberia. Shulzhenkov. The surname is also associated with the word shulga - "left-handed", but further shaping took place not with the help of the Russian suffix -enok, but the Belarusian or Ukrainian -enko: Shulzhenko, which also means "son of Shulga"; the phonetic change r --> w is natural (cf .: snow - snowy, salaga - salad, etc.). The surname is recorded in the Elninsk district of the Smolensk region, in the south of the Pskov region, in the Bryansk, Smolensk regions. Related surname - Shuleikin.

Shumilov - Shumilo - a screamer, one who constantly makes noise, screams. Surnames are common everywhere as one of the very early ones. These are former patronymics from the most common Russian non-church male names of the 16th-17th centuries, i.e. the period of formation of Russian surnames, on the eve of their wide distribution. At the heart is the verb to make noise: Noisy - that was the name of a noisy, noisy child. The suffix -yl (o) formed the "name of the figure" (cf .: crammer, thug, chisel, whetstone, etc.), respectively, personal names - Tomilo, Yarilo. Patronymics from them arose in the form of possessive adjectives formed by the suffix -ov or, if the stem ended in -a (Shumila, Tomila), the suffix -in. From the pejorative form Shumilka - the surname Shumilkina.

Shupletsov - At V.I. Dahl gives the Pskov (and Novgorod) word shopel - "healer, sorcerer", the Smolensk verb shopit - "to know, to know", but all meanings are given with a question mark. Shupletsov. A patronymic from the nickname shuplets, the basis of which could be associated with the archaic dialect word shupel - "rubbish, rubbish of no value", the suffix -ets indicated the person who dealt with this rubbish.

Shchipachev - 1. Shchipach - one who pinches tow, bast, fluff, etc., or is pinched. 2. The poet Stepan Shchipachev received a surname from his native Siberian village Shchipachi. Shchipunov. The nickname pincer stuck not only to the one who pinched, but also to the lover of bribes and extortions.

In recent times, the history of the origin and distribution of surnames worried only linguists, historians, ethnographers and, of course, the owners of this value. However, recently scientists from the laboratory of popular human genetics of the State Medical Genetic Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences have become interested in this issue.

What is the reason for the unexpected excitement around the seemingly unremarkable historical heritage?

How the list of 100 most common Russian surnames is compiled

Scientists argue that the entire Russian gene pool is hidden in the origins of the origin of primordially Russian surnames.

Considering hundreds of thousands of surnames concentrated in the expanses of the Russian state, the researchers took as a basis only the indigenous people who territorially live in Central Russia and in the Russian North.

But here, too, problems arose: the most common surnames did not always turn out to be native Russian. Therefore, scientists faced the task of separating native and migratory specimens.

Additional parameters were introduced, which the surname had to correspond to:

• At least three representatives per last name.
• Compliance with local linguistic norms and dialects.

After that, 14428 remained from the original list.

By the way, scientists are considering 8 regions: Arkhangelsk, Kostroma, Smolensk, Belgorod, Kursk and Voronezh regions, as well as the Kashinsky district of the Tver region.

These regions make up 5 regions of Russia: Northern, Eastern, Central, Western, Southern.

Ivanovs, Smirnovs: the founders of the genetic fund

The most common surnames include 250 names.

The list was compiled on the basis of the frequency of their predominance in each of the previously designated regions.

I would like to say that even a simple layman who is ignorant of genetic and historical sciences could name some names.

For example, to the question “what is the most common surname in Russia”, every second person will say: “Smirnovs, Ivanovs”. These data will be taken by them not from research, but from the realities of life: everyone has such a friend or acquaintance. They top the list of the 100 most common surnames.

History of the study of the issue: V.A. Nikonov and B.O. Unbegaun

As noted earlier, geneticists were not the first to become interested in the origin of surnames. Linguists, historians and ethnographers can be called pioneers in this field.

Among them is the Soviet onomatologist V.A. Nikonov. It is his mind that owns the officially registered conclusion about what are the most common surnames in Russia. Nikonov found that Smirnovs, Ivanovs, Popovs and Kuznetsovs are the most common names in the designated areas.

And the compiled top lists "The most common Russian surname" is far from a modern innovation.

The first such list belongs to B.O. Unbegaun. It was compiled in 1972 according to the St. Petersburg address book. The most common surnames were 31,503 people. And out of 200 thousand names from the address book, Unbegaun singled out the 100 most popular. But the list he revealed was not clean and included not only Russian residents, but also visitors. For example, Schmidt, Miller - it is difficult to call Slavic, therefore, based on this fact, the book "Russian Surnames" published in 1989 can hardly be called 100% reliable.

The most common Russian surname: a list of geneticists

Will you find yourself in the list compiled by geneticists? And what is the most common Russian surname, of course, in addition to those previously announced?

In order to find out the answers to these questions, at least one list must be made public. To do this, we chose a list compiled by geneticists based on 5 Russian regions. To make it easier to search, it is sorted alphabetically, not by popularity. To the right of each surname is a serial number corresponding to the list created by geneticists.

Surname	№	Surname	№	Surname	№	Surname	№	Surname	№
___BUT___
								Solovyov
				Komissarov		Nekrasov
Agafonov				Kondratiev		Nesterov		Stepanov
		___D___		Konovalov				Strelkov
Alexandrov						Nikiforov		Subbotin
Alekseev				Konstantinov		Nikolaev
		Dementiev
Anisimov				Kornilov
		Dmitriev						___T___
Artemiev
		Dorofeev				___O___		Terentiev
Afanasiev						Ovchinnikov
___B___				Krasilnikov				Timofeev
		___E___
		Evdokimov
Belozerov				Kudryavtsev				Tretyakov
Belousov				Kudryashov		___P___		Trofimov
				Kuznetsov
		Emelyanov						_________
Bespalov						Panfilov
								___Ф___
				___L___
		___AND___		Lavrentiev
								Fedoseev
Bogdanov						Ponomarev
Bolshakov		Zhuravlev		Larionov
		___З___						Filippov
						Prokhorov
						___R___
___AT___		Zinoviev				Rodionov
Vasiliev								___X___
				___M___				Kharitonov
Vinogradov		___AND___
Vishnyakov				Maksimov				___C___
Vladimirov				Mammoths
		Ignatiev				___FROM___		___H___
				Martynov		Saveliev
Vorobyov								___Ш___
Vorontsov		___TO___		Medvedev		Samoilov
___G___				Melnikov		Samsonov
Gavrilov				Merkushev				Shestakov
		Kalashnikov				Seleznev
Gerasimov				Mikhailov		Seliverstov
		Kapustin
Gorbachev								___SCH___
Gorbunov		Kirillov		Molchanov				Shcherbakov
				Ants				___Yu/I___
Grigoriev						Sitnikov
				butchers

The history of the origin of the surname

We have already learned which Russian surname is the most common: the Smirnov families have it.

But what secret does she keep in herself? In order to open this veil, it is necessary to delve into the history of its origin.

There are several theories. The most popular are two of them.

Theory #1

The first version explains the wide area of ​​distribution of the surname.

According to legend, in ancient times there was an estate of wandering people who led a nomadic lifestyle, moving throughout Russia from village to village. In gratitude for the shelter, they showed residents more effective ways farming, farming, sharing knowledge.

It is believed that when they first entered the territory of a settlement, they uttered the phrase: “Greetings, kind people. We go WITH THE NEW WORLD. This became not only their greeting, but also the promise of a reward for shelter.

Years later, the nomadic people ceased to exist, but their descendants did not forget their roots, so they began to be called SMIRNOVs.

Theory #2

The second version is among those that support the origin of surnames from proper names. It says that according to Slavic beliefs, the name Smyrna previously existed. The descendant of this man after the 15th-17th centuries began to be called Smirnov, which was a direct indication of the head of the family.

Famous Smirnovs

Given the extent of the spread of the surname, it is not difficult to assume that among famous personalities there are often “Smirnovs”.

I would like to mention one such dynasty.

The branch we are considering contains creative way three generations - parents and children.

Actor and director Andrei Smirnov is a gifted child of an equally brilliant parent.

His father, Sergei Sergeevich Smirnov, was a Soviet writer, public figure, and participant in the Second World War. Author of the novel "Brest Fortress".

The daughter of Andrei Sergeevich, Avdotya, is better known as Dunya Smirnova: a well-known Soviet presenter, film director, critic, screenwriter.

Such dynasties are not uncommon if the family is on the list of the 100 most common surnames.

And what is happening in the world?

Naturally, not only in the Russian expanses, a tendency for the predominance of certain surnames has been noticed.

For example, in China the most popular is Li.

Therefore, it will be interesting to find out which surname is the most common in the world.

1. Li: Over 100 million members worldwide.
2. Zhang: about 100 million representatives.
3. Wang: over 90 million.
4. Nguyen: over 36 million. The area of ​​origin is Vietnam.
5. Garcia: over 10 million. Spanish roots.
6. Gonzalez: over 10 million. Spanish roots
7. Hernandez: over 8 million representatives. The history of origin is divided into two branches: Spanish and Portuguese.
8. Smith: over 4 million. Country - England.
9. Smirnov: over 2.5 million representatives worldwide.
10. Muller: About a million. Roots - Germany.

It is logical that the top three are Chinese surnames. After all, the Chinese (otherwise Han Chinese) make up 19% of the total number of people on the planet.

The surname Li, as you already know, is the most common in the world: 7.9% of the total population of China owns it.

It has numerous spelling variations: Li, Lee and Ly. Has Chinese and Korean roots.

The Chinese emperor of the Tang Dynasty, Li Yuan, who reigned from 618-626, also belonged to the Li clan.

An interesting fact is that in the struggle for power, he defeated other contenders for the throne, including Li Gi. And his son, Li Shimin, who was tried to be killed by his own brothers, became a follower.

Content

Today it is impossible to imagine life modern man no surname. It connects people with family members and the whole family. This is how the ancestors who lived hundreds of years ago designated themselves. There are many surnames in Russia that came from the distant past, but there are also more common ones.

Origin of Russian surnames

In Russia, initially there were no surnames. What in the annals looked like a generic name had a completely different meaning. For example, Ivan Petrov meant Ivan the son of Peter. The most common forms that were encountered (Chobot, Shemyaka, Ghoul) were nicknames that were given for some personal qualities to a person or for his profession. They were individual and did not pass by inheritance to descendants.

The history of the origin of surnames among the upper class referred to places of residence or to belonging and princely (royal) family. So, the princes Vyazemsky were called because of the possessions that were in the city of Vyazma, Rzhevsky - because of the city of Rzhev and so on. The formation of nominal families in Russia began with a change in endings, prefixes, suffixes, or due to the connection of the root system with the name or nickname of the founder of the genus.

The process of formation of the boyar dynasties is perfectly illustrated by the history of the royal family of the Romanovs, whose ancestors lived in the XIV century. The founder was Andrey Koshka Kobylin, and his descendants were called Koshkins. One of the children of Kobylin's grandson began to be called Zakharyin-Koshkin, and the latter's son was named Roman. Then Nikita Romanovich was born, whose children and grandchildren were already called Romanovs. Until now, this is a common Russian surname.

When did they appear

The first naming of an entire family in Russia took place in the 15th century. The sources, as already mentioned, were the profession of the ancestor, the name of the craft or the geographical name. First, the upper classes received generic names, and the poor and peasants acquired them last, since they were serfs. The emergence of surnames in Russia of foreign origin for the first time fell on nobles who came from Greek, Polish or Lithuanian families.

In the 17th century, Western genealogies were added to them, such as the Lermontovs, Fonvizins. Generic names from Tatar immigrants are Karamzins, Akhmatovs, Yusupovs and many others. The most widespread dynasty in Russia at that time was the Bakhteyarovs, which were worn by the Rurik princes from the Rostov branch. Also in fashion were the Beklemishevs, whose name was the boyar of Vasily I Fedor Elizarovich.

During this period, the peasants had only patronymics or nicknames. Documents of that time had such entries: "Danilo Soplya, peasant" or "Efimko son Crooked cheeks, landowner." Only in the north of the country did peasant peasants bear real family tree names, since serfdom did not apply to Novgorod lands.

The most common families of free peasants are Lomonosov, Yakovlev. Peter the Great by his decree in 1719 officially introduced documents - travel letters, which contained the name, nickname, place of residence and other information. From this year, the dynasties of merchants, employees, clergy, and subsequently, from 1888, among the peasants, began to be fixed.

What is the most common Russian surname

Beautiful, and therefore popular even now, surnames were given to representatives of the clergy. The basis was the name of the church or parish. Prior to this, priests were called simply: Father Alexander or Father Fedor. After that, they were given generic names such as Uspensky, Blagoveshchensky, Pokrovsky, Rozhdestvensky. Non-church common dynasties in Russia are associated with the names of cities - Bryantsev, Moskvichev, Tambovtsev, Smolyaninov. Successful graduates of the seminary were given the beautiful names of Diamonds, Dobrolyubov, Pharaohs, which are still popular today.

For men

of great importance for modern people has a good last name. Popular among men are the names of the genus, which have semantic load. For example, the names of descendants recognized by all, derived from the professional nickname Bondarchuk (cooper), Kuznetsov (blacksmith), Bogomazov (icon painter), Vinokur (manufacturer of alcoholic beverages).

Interesting Russian male surnames have a loud and sonorous pronunciation - Pobedonostsev, Dobrovolsky, Tsezarev. Beautiful and now popular Russian generic names come from nominal origin - Mikhailov, Vasiliev, Sergeev, Ivanov. No less successful, which are based on the names of birds and animals, Lebedev, Volkov, Kotov, Belkin, Orlov, Sokolov. Trees and shrubs also left their mark. Popular families are formed from the names of plants - Kornev, Berezkin, Malinin, Oaks.

Women's

As history tells, female generic names were formed in the same way as male ones - through prefixes and suffixes. The most famous Russian surnames for girls come from proper names, the names of animals, birds. They sound great - Morozova, Vorontsova, Arakcheeva, Muravyov-Apostol and others. The list of pedigrees for girls descended from representatives of flora and fauna sounds no less beautiful - Strizhenov, Medvedev, Vorontsov, Vorobyov.

No less popular, formed from a deep semantic meaning with an emphasis on the first syllable: Slavic, Wise, Generous, Motherland. Perfectly heard and pronounced - Popova, Novikova, Svetlova, Lavrova, Teplova. Among foreign generic names, there are also a large number of beautiful ones:

• German: Lehmann, Werner, Braun, Weber;
• English: Mills, Ray, Taylor, Stone, Grant;
• Polish: Yaguzhinskaya, Koval, Vitkovskaya, Troyanovskaya;
• Belarusian: Larchenko, Polyanskaya, Ostrovskaya, Belskaya;
• Bulgarian: Toneva, Blagoeva, Angelova, Dimitrova.

The most famous Russian surnames

Researchers of the statistics of Russian hereditary names argue that they often originate from populated regions, sacred holidays, or the names of parents. Sometimes surnames were given in a noble-landlord environment by truncation of full family names, and they were assigned, as a rule, to an illegitimate child. Among them: Temkin (Potemkin), Betskoy (Trubetskoy), Pnin (Repnin). In modern Russia, the families of hereditary artists are most famous: Bondarchuk, Tabakov, Mashkov, Mikhalkov.

List of the most common surnames in Russia

Based on the results of many years of research, scientists compiled a list of 500 generic names common in Russia. The ten most popular included:

1. Smirnov. There is no unequivocal opinion about the origin. Various versions are offered from the acquaintance of backward peasants with the “new world”, to being tied to the name Smirna, which in Russia characterized a complaisant and peaceful person. More likely is the version based on naming people who are humble before God by this name.
2. Ivanov. It is not difficult to guess that the origin is associated with the Russian name Ivan, popular at all times.
3. Kuznetsov. He is the most respected among the village men. In every village, the blacksmith was respected and had a large family, the male part of which was provided with work until the end of his days. In the dialects of the western and southern regions of Russia, the word koval is present instead of a blacksmith, therefore one of the transformations of Kuznetsov is Kovalev.
4. Vasiliev. Although children are not often called Vasily in the modern world, the surname is firmly entrenched in the top ten most common.
5. Novikov. Popularity is due to the fact that every newcomer or newcomer was previously called Novik. This nickname passed to his descendants.
6. Yakovlev. Derived from a popular male name. Jacob is the secular counterpart of the church name Jacob.
7. Popov. Initially, this nickname was given to the son of a priest or worker (farm laborer) of a clergyman.
8. Fedorov. The basis was a male name, very common in Russia. The same roots have the surname Khodorov on behalf of Hodor.
9. Kozlov. Before the introduction of Christianity, the Slavs were pagans, so naming a person by the name of a plant or animal was a tradition. The goat has always been considered a symbol of fertility and vitality, so this is a favorite among the Slavs. fairy tale character. The animal became a symbol of the devil after the advent of Christianity.
10. Morozov. Also a non-church common name in Russia. Previously, the name Frost was given to a baby born in winter. This is the image of a hero who has unlimited power in the cold season.

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They say "as you call a boat, so it will float." Does this mean that a popular surname can make a person popular too?

Among the most popular surnames are not only Chinese or English, but also Russian, Spanish, African and even Greek.

Here are the most common surnames in the world:

The most famous surnames

25. Smith

This surname appeared in England and gradually spread to English-speaking countries. Smith is by far the most common surname in the US, UK, Canada, Scotland, Australia and New Zealand.

24. Garcia

It's easy to guess that given surname is the most popular in Spain. However, it is also the second most popular in Cuba and third in Mexico. Due to the fact that many Latin Americans come to work in the United States, the surname Garcia is in 8th place in popularity here.

23. Martin

In France, more than 235,000 people have this surname, making it the most popular in the country. It is also worth noting that in many languages ​​there are other versions of this surname that are used as first names rather than surnames, such as names such as Martinus or Martin, which are derived from Latin.

22. Rossi

In Italian, the plural of this surname is Rosso, which means "red." In Italy, this is the most common surname. However, it is also very popular in countries like Argentina, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, Chile, France, Mexico, Peru, USA and Uruguay.

21. Novak

This surname translates as " new person", "beginner" or "foreigner". This is very popular Slavic name or last name. Most bearers of this surname live in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovenia, but it is also very popular in Croatia, Serbia and Romania.

The most common surnames

20. Fernandez

This surname is translated as "son of Fernando". It is a very popular surname in Spain (8th place), 4th most popular in Argentina, 10th in Paraguay and 13th in Mexico. In Portugal, this surname is also quite common.

19. Smirnov

Researchers from the Medical Genetic Center Russian Academy medical sciences decided to deeply study the issue of the most popular surname. They divided the Russian Federation into hypothetical regions, each of which was studied in detail.

As a result of the study, it turned out that the most popular surname in Russia is Smirnov. It will be interesting to note that one of the versions of the origin of the surname says that the word "Smirnoy" served as the basis of the surname, which denoted a character trait ("meek" = "obedient").

• Kuznetsov

18. Silva

More than 10% of all Brazilians have this surname, making it the most common in this country. This surname comes from the Latin word "silva", which means "forest" or "woodland". It is also popular in Portugal and former Portuguese colonies in Latin America, Africa and Asia (including India and Sri Lanka).

17. Mohammed

This name translates as "Praised", "Worthy of Praise" and is the most popular name and surname in the Islamic world. There are several versions of this name, including Mohammed (Mohammed), Mohammed and Muhammad.

16. Kumar

The roots of this surname can be found at the beginning of the development of Hinduism. This is not only the most popular name in India, but also a surname and even a patronymic. Kumar is also the 8th most popular surname in the world.

15. Gonzales

It is a very popular Spanish given name and the second most common surname. In addition, it is very common in Latin America, including countries such as Argentina, Chile, Mexico, Paraguay and Venezuela.

What are the most common surnames

14. Muller

The German word "muller" (also spelled "mueller" or "miller") translates as "miller". This is the most popular surname in Germany, Switzerland and parts of France. In Austria, she ranks 5th in the list of the most common surnames in the country.

13. Cohen

Initially, the word "cohen" in Hebrew was called a priest. It is also a very popular Jewish surname and can often be heard in countries where there are large Jewish communities. There are several variants of this surname: Coen, Cohn, Kahn, Kohn and others.

12. Nguyen

Without any competition, this surname is the most popular in Vietnam, where about 40% of the inhabitants are its bearers. But this surname is also popular outside the country, thanks to the many immigrants from Vietnam.

11. Khan

This surname and title is of Mongolian origin. Initially, Khan was the title of the leader of the tribe, and in the states that appeared after the collapse of the Mongol Empire, it was the title of the sovereign. AT Ottoman Empire Sultan was called Khan. Today it is the most popular surname in the countries of Central and South Asia. It is one of the most common surnames in Pakistan, Afghanistan, Oman and Turkey.

10 Rodriguez

A very popular surname in Spain, the USA and Latin America. Rodriguez means "descendant of Rodrigues" and is the most common surname in Colombia, the second most common in Argentina, and the ninth most common in Brazil, where it is often spelled "Rodrigues".

Top Surnames

9. Wang

This is the most popular surname in China. In total, about 100,000 inhabitants of the country are its owners. 2nd most popular Chinese surnames goes Lee (Lee), and on the third Zhang (Zhang).

8 Anderson

This surname comes from a word indicating origin, meaning "descendant of Anders (Anders) / Andrew (Andrew)". The surname appeared in parallel in the British Isles and in the countries of northern Europe. Anderson is a popular surname in Sweden, Norway and Denmark (where it is spelled "Andersen").

7. Yilmaz

This surname is translated as "brave" or "invincible." It is very popular in Turkey. In Turkey, until 1934 there were no surnames, and after the adoption of the "Law on Surnames", the most popular surnames became Kaya (Kaya), Demir (Demir) and Sahin (Sahin), but the surname Yilmaz became the most popular and by a wide margin.

6. Traore

This surname has roots in the Manding languages. Traore is a very popular surname in several West African countries including Mali, Senegal and Guinea.

The most common surname in Russia

5. Ivanov

It is worth noting that many attempts have been made to find out which surname is still the most popular in Russia.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the Oxford University philologist Ottokar Genrikhovich Unbegaun, who was a native of Russia, was one of the first to try to figure out the most popular surname. He began in St. Petersburg, where, in his opinion, the most common surname for 1910 was Ivanov, which comes from one of the most popular Russian names - Ivan.

• Kuznetsov

  Vasiliev.

The second attempt took place in modern Russia. Anatoly Fedorovich Zhuravlev, trying to find out which surname is the most popular in his homeland, came to the same result - the surname Ivanov.

Vasiliev

• Mikhailov.

4. Ahmed

The very popular Arabic name Ahmed also boasts a large number of different spellings - Ahmad, Ahmet, Ahmat. The world's most popular options are Ahmet and Ahmad. Many people named Ahmed can be found in Sudan, Egypt, Syria, Bangladesh and other countries.

The most common surnames in the world

3. Lopez

This surname comes from the Latin word "lupus", which means "wolf". Lopez is a popular Spanish given name. In Portugal, it sounds Lopes (Lopes), in Italy - Lupo (Lupo), in France - Loup (Loup), in Romania - Lupu (Lupu) or Lupescu (Lupescu). In Latin America, the surname Lopez is also very popular.

2. Kim

Sometimes this surname is written as Gim. It is very common on the Korean peninsula (both South and North Korea). About 22% of the inhabitants of the peninsula bear the surname Kim, which can be translated as "metal", "iron" or "gold".

1. Papadopulos

The meaning of this surname is "son of a priest". Papadopoulos is the most popular surname in Greece and Cyprus, as well as in countries with a Greek diaspora such as the US, UK, Australia and the Scandinavian countries.

What is the most common Russian surname

If we take into account all three studies, we can say that Ivanov and Smirnov are the most common surnames in Russia. However, it is worth noting that one of the most popular surnames today is also the surname Kuznetsov (Kuznetsova). And if we consider that in English the blacksmith is smith, then there are several million carriers of this surname on Earth.

Content

Historians every year expand the list of nominal nicknames of Slavic origin. Many would be interested to know their origin. But sometimes it is impossible to determine this by the sound itself, since various suffixes, prefixes and prefixes have been added to the derivative word for years, distorting its original meaning.

Russian names and surnames

To determine the origin of a person's genus, his passport data is used. The key points are the root of the word, which forms Russian names and surnames. They differ in prevalence. By sound, one can determine the eminence of the family or the belonging of ancestors to different social groups and castes of society: peasants, boyars, clergy. The etymology of some includes archaisms and strange foundations; you can use the reference book to determine these yourself.

Origin

Derivatives and roots can originate from nicknames of ancestors, funny nicknames, names, activities. The origin of Russian surnames, in most cases, is unraveled in its etymology. You should be interested in this clue, because through it you can find out about an outstanding ancestor or eminent family. For those who want to determine the origins of their family nickname, there are alphabetical collections that are replenished and updated annually; on their pages, almost everyone can find out the history of their name.

The most popular derivatives:

• On behalf of the ancestor (whose? whose will you be?) - Ivanov, Sidorov, Kuzmin, Petrov.
• From geographical names - Vyazemsky, Stroganov, Smolensky.
• From the nicknames of the representatives of the clergy - Rozhdestvensky, Preobrazhensky, Assumption.
• From the names of plants and animals - Sokolova, Orlova, Hare, Lebedev, Golubev.
• From count and boyar titles - Minin, Tikhomirov, Tikhonravov, Godunov.

Meaning

Etymology and the formation of a proper genus name are of interest to an increasing number of people. The meaning of Russian surnames is found out when determining the root part of the word, it indicates the meaning. The meaning of family names like Bondarev, Kovalev, Shevtsov - indicate the craft that someone from the family was engaged in. Muzzle, Stoyan, Brave - on the external or internal characteristics of an individual. All members of the family were called by the nickname of the head of the family, and this was passed down from generation to generation.

When did surnames appear in Russia

The assignment of a generic nickname to identify each genus began to take shape from the 15th century. When surnames appeared in Russia, they initially referred to representatives of the upper strata of society: boyars and aristocrats, later, in the 18th century, to church servants. Until the 19th century, peasants and artisans received their nicknames. Their genus names were derived from the nicknames of one of the members of the family or occupation. Listings were found in historical scrolls and records explaining this phenomenon: “Vasily, the son of Kuznetsov ... Ivan, the son of Khlebnikov”

How many surnames in Russia

The study of these data is still in question. An absolutely correct numerical value has not been deduced that could answer exactly the question of how many surnames exist in Russia today. Researchers undertook such a difficult task only a few times, about 250 thousand meanings are officially included in the collection, and these lists are constantly updated with new forms of nicknames once given.

Declension of surnames in Russian

Rules Russian language strictly determine the spelling and pronunciation of passport data. The declension of surnames in Russian occurs according to the following basic rules: standard ones are declined as adjectives, and those of foreign origin are declined as nouns. Do not decline at zero ending, or ending in a consonant (Bondar, Nitsevich, Ponomar), ending in -o (Petrenko, Shevchenko, Kovalenko), foreign ones in -a, -ya (Varnava, Okidzhava, Zola).

The most common surname in Russia

Boris Ubenhaun was the first to start compiling a directory that lists the names of Russia. There are collected various variations due to the process of transformation of folk nicknames. Each position has an explanation (highlighted parts of word formation that explain the essence of a particular word). There are positions that can be found more often, there are those that are very rare. The data were taken on the basis of the census of the population of the city of St. Petersburg.

Common surnames in Russia:

• Vladimirov;
• Sergeev;
• Petrov;
• Ivanov.

Beautiful Russian surnames

There are people whose generic nicknames enchant with their sound. These include those derived from place names or long nicknames given to church officials. Such an etymology is rare, it sounds aristocratically melodious. Many people change the birth data in the passport in order to get a beautiful name that stands out from the crowd. Lucky among the people are those to whom it was inherited.

The most beautiful surnames in Russia:

• Preobrazhensky;
• Caesar;
• Christmas;
• Vyazemsky;
• Uspensky.

Slavic

There are genus names that originated from the ancient Slavs. These nicknames are very rare and therefore valuable to historians. Their small number is due to the fact that derivatives originate from the names of pagan gods or Old Slavic names. With the advent of Christianity, such nicknames were categorically banned, people were massively baptized and renamed, because those who still have them to this day are a godsend, a vivid example of pagan culture.

Old Slavic surnames, examples:

• Yarilo;
• Dovbush;
• Putyata;
• Lada;
• Saint;
• Dobrynin;
• Peaceful.

Popular

According to the census conducted in the 80s of the last century, under the former USSR, about 50% of the rural and 35% of the urban population have generic nicknames, formed according to the patronymic principle with the addition of suffixes. This study is recognized as the highest quality and most detailed up to our times. Popular Russian surnames: Sidorov, Smirnov, Kuzmin, Vasiliev. The second place in frequency is occupied by nicknames that indicate the type of activity: Kuznetsov, Bondarev, Reznikov, Khlebnikov, etc.

Rare Russian surnames

It is difficult to compile a reliable list that includes all positions. But the main ones have been selected. It is not often possible to meet people who have a family nickname that coincides completely with a geographical name or is formed from a combination of two words. There are few of those who were lucky enough to become the namesake of famous historical figures and heroes of literary novels.

Rare surnames in Russia:

• Astrakhan;
• Kamchatka;
• Eibogin;
• Krutiperets;
• Crusoe;
• Karenin.

funny

Sometimes among acquaintances there are family nicknames that involuntarily cause a smile with their comicality. They surprise fellow citizens, and especially foreigners, with their pronunciation, they consist of the addition of the foundations of any nouns or verbs, they can denote a funny or strange action, name objects whose name sounds strange in a human name. A person who has to wear them can hardly be called lucky.

Funny Russian surnames:

• Kostogryzov;
• Mozgoedov;
• Popkin;
• Rzhach;
• Login;
• Khachapuri;
• Govnodedov;
• Snot.

Russian noble families

Their owners can be sure of the high title of someone of their kind, they were assigned exclusively to nobles, boyars, high-ranking officials. People close to high positions and ruling power. They can also be merchants. The presence of such titular nicknames among the peasantry, a worker from the common population or artisans is excluded, their mere presence spoke of the high social status of their owner.

Russian noble families:

• Stroganov;
• Godunov;
• Tikhomirov;
• Minin;
• Novgorodtsev;
• Tikhonravov;
• Crowned.

Old Russian

This term denotes not only Old Slavonic nicknames from the times of paganism, but also those that, by their etymology, denote obsolete concepts and words of ancient use, eradicated from the current speech. Interesting to consider generic nicknames that call the old monetary units, household items, crafts that are not found in the modern world. All these signs indicate the prescription of the genus and the roots that go far.

Old Russian surnames:

• Kunin;
• Altynov;
• Kalita;
• Zlatnikov;
• Pryalkin;
• Kozhemyak;
• Bandurov.

Rating of surnames in Russia

The top 100 items have been compiled, which can often be found in the passports of fellow citizens. All of them were selected based on the directory and ordered during the census during the year. This information will be especially interesting for girls, because everyone wants to meet her man and get married. Statistics show that 89% of women switch to a male generic nickname when they get married. Such a top will clearly show the most likely options that everyone can face. The section includes 10 first positions.

• Ivanov;
• Smirnov;
• Kuznetsov;
• Popov;
• Sokolov;
• Vasiliev;
• Fedorov;
• Novikov;
• Egorov;
• Kozlov.

Famous Russian surnames

Their list is based on the frequency of use among the population. The most common surname in Russia is Ivanov. Even foreigners know about it, associating with it all the names of Russian compatriots. She went down in history and became a classic. For example in German such a nickname was - Muller, in America and Britain - Smith, Poland - Novak or Kovalsky, Georgia - Mammadov.

Famous Russian surnames:

• Sidorov;
• Ivanov;
• Petrov;
• Kozlov;
• Smirnov;
• Popov;
• Sokolov.

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