The general secretaries (general secretaries) of the USSR... Once their faces were known to almost every inhabitant of our vast country. Today they are only part of the story. Each of these political figures committed actions and deeds that were evaluated later, and not always positively. It should be noted that the general secretaries were not chosen by the people, but by the ruling elite. In this article, we present a list of the General Secretaries of the USSR (with photo) in chronological order.

I. V. Stalin (Dzhugashvili)

This politician was born in the Georgian city of Gori on December 18, 1879 in the family of a shoemaker. In 1922, during the lifetime of V.I. Lenin (Ulyanov), he was appointed the first general secretary. It is he who heads the list of general secretaries of the USSR in chronological order. However, it should be noted that while Lenin was alive, Joseph Vissarionovich played a secondary role in government. After the death of the “leader of the proletariat”, a serious struggle broke out for the highest state post. Numerous competitors of I. V. Dzhugashvili had every chance to take this post. But thanks to uncompromising, and sometimes even tough actions, political intrigues, Stalin emerged victorious from the game, he managed to establish a regime of personal power. Note that most of the applicants were simply physically destroyed, and the rest were forced to leave the country. For a rather short period of time, Stalin managed to take the country into "hedgehogs". In the early thirties, Joseph Vissarionovich became the sole leader of the people.

The policy of this Secretary General of the USSR went down in history:

• mass repression;
• collectivization;
• total dispossession.

In 37-38 years of the last century, mass terror was carried out, in which the number of victims reached 1,500,000 people. In addition, historians blame Iosif Vissarionovich for his policy of forced collectivization, mass repressions that took place in all sectors of society, and the forced industrialization of the country. On the domestic politics The country was affected by some character traits of the leader:

• sharpness;
• thirst for unlimited power;
• high conceit;
• intolerance for other people's opinions.

Cult of personality

You will find a photo of the Secretary General of the USSR, as well as other leaders who have ever held this post, in the presented article. It can be said with confidence that Stalin's personality cult had a very tragic effect on the fate of millions of the most different people: scientific and creative intelligentsia, government and party leaders, military.

For all this, during the thaw, Joseph Stalin was branded by his followers. But not all actions of the leader are reprehensible. According to historians, there are moments for which Stalin is worthy of praise. Of course, the most important thing is the victory over fascism. In addition, there was a fairly rapid transformation of the destroyed country into an industrial and even military giant. There is an opinion that if it were not for the personality cult of Stalin, now condemned by all, many accomplishments would be impossible. The death of Joseph Vissarionovich happened on March 5, 1953. Let's look at all the general secretaries of the USSR in order.

N. S. Khrushchev

Nikita Sergeevich was born in Kursk province April 15, 1894, in an ordinary working-class family. Took part in civil war on the side of the Bolsheviks. He was a member of the CPSU since 1918. In the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine in the late thirties he was appointed secretary. Nikita Sergeevich headed the Soviet Union some time after Stalin's death. It should be said that he had to fight for this post with G. Malenkov, who chaired the Council of Ministers and at that time was actually the leader of the country. But still the leading role went to Nikita Sergeevich.

During the reign of Khrushchev N.S. as General Secretary of the USSR in the country:

1. There was a launch of the first man into space, all kinds of development of this sphere.
2. A huge part of the fields were planted with corn, thanks to which Khrushchev was nicknamed "corn".
3. During his reign, the active construction of five-story buildings began, which later became known as "Khrushchev".

Khrushchev became one of the initiators of the "thaw" in foreign and domestic policy, the rehabilitation of victims of repression. This politician made an unsuccessful attempt to modernize the party-state system. He also announced a significant improvement (along with capitalist countries) in living conditions for Soviet people. At the XX and XXII Congresses of the CPSU, in 1956 and 1961. accordingly, he spoke harshly about the activities of Joseph Stalin and his cult of personality. However, the construction of a nomenklatura regime in the country, the forceful dispersal of demonstrations (in 1956 - in Tbilisi, in 1962 - in Novocherkassk), the Berlin (1961) and Caribbean (1962) crises, the aggravation of relations with China, the building of communism by 1980 and the well-known political call to “catch up and overtake America!” - all this made Khrushchev's policy inconsistent. And on October 14, 1964, Nikita Sergeevich was relieved of his post. Khrushchev died on September 11, 1971, after a long illness.

L. I. Brezhnev

The third in order in the list of General Secretaries of the USSR is L. I. Brezhnev. Born in the village of Kamenskoye in the Dnepropetrovsk region on December 19, 1906. In the CPSU since 1931. He took the post of general secretary as a result of a conspiracy. Leonid Ilyich was the leader of the group of members of the Central Committee (Central Committee) that ousted Nikita Khrushchev. The era of Brezhnev's rule in the history of our country is characterized as stagnation. This happened for the following reasons:

• in addition to the military-industrial sphere, the development of the country was stopped;
• The Soviet Union began to lag far behind Western countries;
• repression and persecution began again, people again felt the grip of the state.

Note that during the reign of this politician there were both negative and favorable sides. At the very beginning of his reign, Leonid Ilyich played a positive role in the life of the state. He curtailed all the unreasonable undertakings created by Khrushchev in the economic sphere. In the first years of Brezhnev's rule, enterprises were given more independence, material incentives, and the number of planned indicators was reduced. Brezhnev tried to establish a good relationship with the United States, but he never succeeded. And after the introduction of Soviet troops into Afghanistan, this became impossible.

period of stagnation

By the end of the 1970s and the beginning of the 1980s, Brezhnev's entourage cared more about their clan interests and often ignored the interests of the state as a whole. The politician's inner circle catered to the sick leader in everything, awarded him orders and medals. The reign of Leonid Ilyich lasted for 18 years, he was in power the longest, with the exception of Stalin. The eighties in the Soviet Union are characterized as a "period of stagnation". Although after the devastation of the 1990s, it is increasingly presented as a period of peace, state power, prosperity and stability. Most likely, these opinions have the right to be, because the entire Brezhnev period of government is heterogeneous in nature. L. I. Brezhnev was in his position until November 10, 1982, until his death.

Yu. V. Andropov

This politician spent less than 2 years at the post of General Secretary of the USSR. Yuri Vladimirovich was born in the family of a railway worker on June 15, 1914. His homeland is the Stavropol Territory, the city of Nagutskoye. Party member since 1939. Due to the fact that the politician was active, he quickly rose up the career ladder. At the time of Brezhnev's death, Yuri Vladimirovich led the State Security Committee.

He was nominated for the post of general secretary by his associates. Andropov set himself the task of reforming the Soviet state, trying to prevent the impending socio-economic crisis. But, unfortunately, I didn't have time. During the reign of Yuri Vladimirovich Special attention focused on labor discipline in the workplace. While serving as Secretary General of the USSR, Andropov opposed the numerous privileges that were granted to employees of the state and party apparatus. Andropov showed this by personal example, refusing most of them. After his death on February 9, 1984 (due to a long illness), this politician was the least criticized and most of all aroused the support of society.

K. U. Chernenko

On September 24, 1911, Konstantin Chernenko was born into a peasant family in the Yeysk province. He has been in the ranks of the CPSU since 1931. He was appointed to the post of General Secretary on February 13, 1984, immediately after Yu.V. Andropov. When governing the state, he continued the policy of his predecessor. He served as general secretary for about a year. The death of a politician occurred on March 10, 1985, the cause was a serious illness.

M.S. Gorbachev

The date of birth of the politician is March 2, 1931, his parents were simple peasants. Gorbachev's homeland is the village of Privolnoye in the North Caucasus. He joined the Communist Party in 1952. He acted as an active public figure, therefore he quickly moved along the party line. Mikhail Sergeevich completes the list of general secretaries of the USSR. He was appointed to this position on March 11, 1985. Later he became the only and last president of the USSR. The era of his reign went down in history with the policy of "perestroika". It provided for the development of democracy, the introduction of publicity, and the provision of economic freedom to the people. These reforms of Mikhail Sergeyevich led to mass unemployment, a total shortage of goods and the liquidation of a huge number of state-owned enterprises.

The collapse of the Union

During the reign of this politician, the USSR collapsed. All the fraternal republics of the Soviet Union declared their independence. It should be noted that in the West, M. S. Gorbachev is considered perhaps the most respected Russian politician. Mikhail Sergeevich has Nobel Prize peace. Gorbachev remained in the post of general secretary until August 24, 1991. He headed the Soviet Union until December 25 of the same year. In 2018, Mikhail Sergeevich turned 87 years old.

Historians call the dates of Stalin's reign the period from 1929 to 1953. Joseph Stalin (Dzhugashvili) was born on December 21, 1879. Many contemporaries of the Soviet era associate the years of Stalin's rule not only with the victory over fascist Germany and an increase in the level of industrialization of the USSR, but also with numerous repressions of the civilian population.

During the reign of Stalin, about 3 million people were imprisoned and sentenced to death. And if we add to them those sent into exile, dispossessed and deported, then the victims among the civilian population in the Stalin era can be counted as about 20 million people. Now many historians and psychologists are inclined to believe that the situation within the family and upbringing in childhood had a huge impact on Stalin's character.

The formation of Stalin's tough character

From reliable sources it is known that Stalin's childhood was not the happiest and most cloudless. The leader's parents often cursed in front of their son. The father drank a lot and allowed himself to beat his mother in front of little Joseph. The mother, in turn, took out her anger on her son, beat and humiliated him. The unfavorable atmosphere in the family greatly affected Stalin's psyche. Even as a child, Stalin understood a simple truth: whoever is stronger is right. This principle became the motto of the future leader in life. He was also guided by him in governing the country.

In 1902, Joseph Vissarionovich organized a demonstration in Batumi, this step was the first for him in his political career. A little later, Stalin became the Bolshevik leader, and Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (Ulyanov) is among his best friends. Stalin fully shares the revolutionary ideas of Lenin.

In 1913, Joseph Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili first used his pseudonym - Stalin. From that time on, he became known by this surname. Few people know that before the surname Stalin, Joseph Vissarionovich tried on about 30 pseudonyms that never took root.

Stalin's reign

The period of Stalin's rule begins in 1929. Almost all the time of the reign of Joseph Stalin is accompanied by collectivization, mass death of the civilian population and famine. In 1932, Stalin adopted the law "on three spikelets". According to this law, a starving peasant who stole ears of wheat from the state was immediately subject to the highest penalty - execution. All the saved bread in the state was sent abroad. This was the first stage in the industrialization of the Soviet state: the purchase modern technology foreign production.

During the reign of Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin, mass repressions of the peaceful population of the USSR were carried out. The beginning of the repressions was laid in 1936, when the post of People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR was taken by Yezhov N.I. In 1938, on the orders of Stalin, his close friend, Bukharin, was shot. During this period, many residents of the USSR were exiled to the Gulag or shot. Despite all the cruelty of the measures taken, Stalin's policy was aimed at raising the state and its development.

Pros and cons of Stalin's rule

Minuses:

• tough government policy:
• the almost complete destruction of the highest army officials, intellectuals and scientists (who thought differently from the government of the USSR);
• repression of wealthy peasants and the believing population;
• widening "chasm" between the elite and the working class;
• oppression of the civilian population: wages in products instead of cash rewards, working hours up to 14 hours;
• propaganda of anti-Semitism;
• about 7 million starvation deaths during the period of collectivization;
• prosperity of slavery;
• selective development of branches of the economy of the Soviet state.

Pros:

• the creation of a protective nuclear shield in the post-war period;
• an increase in the number of schools;
• creation of children's clubs, sections and circles;
• space exploration;
• lower prices for consumer goods;
• low prices for utilities;
• development of the industry of the Soviet state on the world stage.

During the Stalin era, it was formed social system USSR, social, political and economic institutions appeared. Iosif Vissarionovich completely abandoned the NEP policy, carried out the modernization of the Soviet state at the expense of the village. Thanks to the strategic qualities of the Soviet leader, the USSR won the Second World War. The Soviet state began to be called a superpower. The USSR became a member of the UN Security Council. The era of Stalin's rule ended in 1953. N. Khrushchev replaced him as chairman of the government of the USSR.

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The path of the Soviet Union finally ended in 1991, although in a sense, its agony lasted until 1993. The final privatization started only in 1992-1993, simultaneously with the transition to a new monetary system.

The bright period of the Soviet Union, more precisely, its dying, was the so-called "perestroika". But what brought the USSR first under perestroika, and then under the final dismantling of socialism and the Soviet system?

The year 1953 was marked by the death of the long-term de facto leader of the USSR, Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin. After his death, a struggle for power began between the most influential members of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU. On March 5, 1953, the most influential members of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU were Malenkov, Beria, Molotov, Voroshilov, Khrushchev, Bulganin, Kaganovich, Mikoyan. On September 7, 1953, at the plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU, N. S. Khrushchev was elected First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU.

At the Twentieth Congress of the CPSU in February 1956, Stalin's personality cult was condemned. But the most important mine was placed under the very structure of the Leninist principle of the Soviet state at the XXII Congress in October 1961. This congress removed main principle building a communist society - the dictatorship of the proletariat, replacing it with the anti-scientific concept of a "state of the whole people". What was also terrible here was that this congress became a virtual mass of voiceless delegates. They accepted all the principles of a virtual revolution in the Soviet system. The first shoots of decentralization of the economic mechanism followed. But since the pioneers often do not stay in power for a long time, already in 1964 the plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU removed N. S. Khrushchev from the post of First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU.

This time is often called the "restoration of the Stalinist order", the freezing of reforms. But this is just philistine thinking and a simplified worldview, in which there is no scientific approach. Because already in 1965 the tactic of market reforms won out in the socialist economy. The "People's State" came into its own. In fact, under the strict planning of the national economic complex, the result was summed up. The unified national economic complex began to unravel, and subsequently to disintegrate. One of the authors of the reform was A. N. Kosygin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. Reformers constantly boast that as a result of their reform, enterprises have gained "independence." In fact, this gave power to the directors of enterprises and the right to conduct speculative transactions. As a result, these actions led to the gradual emergence of a shortage of necessary products for the population.

We all remember the "golden days" of Soviet cinema in the 1970s. For example, in the film “Ivan Vasilyevich Changes His Profession”, the viewer is clearly shown how the actor Demyanenko, who plays the role of Shurik, buys the semiconductors he needs not in stores that are closed for repairs or for lunch for some reason, but from a speculator. A speculator who was kind of "condemned and condemned" by the Soviet society of that period.

The political and economic literature of that time acquires a unique anti-scientific terminology of "developed socialism". But what is "developed socialism"? Strictly following the Marxist-Leninist philosophy, we all know that socialism is a transitional period between capitalism and communism, a period of the withering away of the old order. An acute class struggle led by the working class. And what do we get as a result? That some incomprehensible stage of something appears there.

The same thing happened in the party apparatus. Hardened careerists and opportunists rather than ideologically hardened people began to willingly join the CPSU. The party apparatus becomes virtually uncontrolled by society. No trace of the dictatorship of the proletariat remains here.

In politics, at the same time, there is a tendency towards the irremovability of leading cadres, their physical aging and decrepitude. Career ambitions emerge. Soviet cinematography also did not ignore this moment. In some places this was ridiculed, but there were also brilliant tapes of that time that gave a critical analysis of the ongoing processes. For example, the film of 1982 - the social drama "Magistral", which posed with all its frankness the problem of decomposition and degradation in a single industry - on railway. But in the films of that time, mainly in comedies, we already find direct glorifications of individualism, ridicule of the working man. In this field, the film "Office Romance" especially distinguished itself.

There are already systematic disruptions in trade. Of course, now the directors of enterprises are in fact the masters of their destinies, they have “independence”.

Anti-communists often mention in their "scientific" and anti-scientific writings that in the 1980s the country was already seriously ill. closer friend can only be an enemy. Even if we do not take into account the frank slop that the anti-communists poured out on the USSR, a rather difficult situation actually loomed in the country.

For example, I myself remember well how in the early 1980s we traveled from the “undeveloped” Pskov region of the RSFSR to the “developed” and “advanced” Estonian SSR for groceries.

Such a country approached the turn of the mid-1980s. Even from the films of that period, it is already clear that the country no longer believes in building communism. Even the 1977 film "Racers" clearly shows what ideas were in the minds of the townsfolk, although at that time they also tried to show the character of this film in a negative light.

In 1985, after a series of deaths of "irremovable" leaders, a relatively young politician, M. S. Gorbachev, came to power. His long speeches, the very meaning of which went into the void, could go on for many hours. But the time was such that the people, as in the old days, believed the deceitful reformers, since the main thing on their minds was changes in life. But what happens to the layman? What do I want - I do not know?

Perestroika became a catalyst for accelerating all the destructive processes in the USSR, which had been accumulating and smoldering for a long time. Already by 1986, openly anti-Soviet elements appeared, which set as their goal the dismantling of the workers' state and the restoration of the bourgeois order. By 1988 it was already an irreversible process.

Anti-Soviet groups of that period appeared in the culture of that time - "Nautilus Pompilius" and "Civil Defense". According to an old habit, the authorities try to "drive" everything that does not fit into the framework of the official culture. However, even here dialectics threw out strange things. Subsequently, it was the "Civil Defense" that became a bright revolutionary beacon of anti-capitalist protest, thereby forever fixing all the contradictory phenomena of that era behind the Soviet era, as rather Soviet than anti-Soviet phenomena. But even the criticism of that time was at a fairly professional level, which was clearly reflected in the song of the Aria group - “What did you do with your dream?”, where the entire path traveled is actually overturned as erroneous.

In its wake, the era of perestroika brought out the most disgusting characters, the vast majority of whom were just members of the CPSU. In Russia, B. N. Yeltsin became such a person, who lowered the country into a bloody mess. This is the shooting of the bourgeois parliament, which, out of habit, still had a Soviet shell, this is the Chechen war. In Latvia, such a character was the former member of the CPSU A. V. Gorbunov, who continued to rule bourgeois Latvia until the mid-1990s. These characters were also praised Soviet encyclopedias 1980s, calling them "outstanding leaders of the party and government."

"Sausage inhabitants" usually judge the Soviet era by perestroika horror stories about Stalin's "terror", through the prism of their narrow-minded perception of empty shelves and shortages. But their mind refuses to accept the fact that it was the large-scale decentralization and capitalization of the country that led the USSR to such results.

But how much strength and mind of the ideological Bolsheviks was applied in order to raise their country to the cosmic level of development by the mid-1950s, to pass terrible war with the most terrible enemy on Earth - fascism. The dismantling of communist development, which began in the 1950s, continued for more than 30 years, preserving the main features of socialist development and a just society. After all, at the beginning of its journey, the Communist Party was a truly ideological party - the vanguard of the working class, a beacon of the development of society.

Throughout this story, it is clearly manifested that not owning one's ideological weapon - Marxism-Leninism, leads the leaders of the party to the betrayal of the entire people.

We did not set ourselves the goal of analyzing in detail all the stages of the decomposition of Soviet society. The purpose of this article is only to describe the chronology of some significant events Soviet life and its individual significant aspects of the post-Stalin period.

Nevertheless, it would be fair to mention that the relative modernization of the country continued throughout the entire period of the country's existence. Until the end of the 1980s, we observed the positive development of many social institutions and technological development. Somewhere the pace of development slowed down significantly, something continued to remain at a very high level. Medicine and education developed, cities were built, infrastructure improved. The country moved forward by inertia.

In the Dark Ages, our path went at an accelerated pace and irreversibly only since 1991.

Andrey Krasny

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2017-Jun-Sun We have always said - and revolutions confirm this - that when it comes to the foundations of economic power, the power of the exploiters, to their property, which puts at their disposal the labor of tens of millions of workers https://website/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/horizontal_6.jpg , site - Socialist information resource [email protected]

After Stalin's death

The guards immediately saw that Stalin had lost consciousness, shifted him to the sofa and immediately called the direct boss - Ignatiev. He immediately arrived with Khrushchev and with Stalin's attending physician Smirnov. The doctor diagnosed intoxication and offered to let Stalin sleep and not disturb him. Since Stalin wet himself when he lost consciousness, the bodyguards agreed with this proposal of Smirnov. But when Stalin didn’t get up for dinner, they called Ignatiev again, and he or Khrushchev deceived the bodyguards, telling them that they were talking to Stalin over a direct wire, he feels embarrassed, he doesn’t need anything and he asks him not to disturb. But when even in the evening no movement was found in Stalin's rooms, the guards panicked, entered and saw that Stalin was lying in the same position as on the night of March 1. Terrified, the bodyguards began to call Ignatiev and Khrushchev, at the same time looking for Stalin's son Vasily. Khrushchev and Ignatiev arrived on the night of March 2 and brazenly told the bodyguards that they were not here last night, they had not spoken to them during the day, the bodyguards had just called them for the first time and it was the bodyguards themselves who had not followed the leader. However, Khrushchev relented, he and Ignatiev could save the bodyguards if they told the doctors and members of the Government who had gone to see Stalin that Stalin had just had an attack. The bodyguards lost heart and repeated this lie. And those three of them who later tried to tell the truth were killed by Ignatiev's people, as "scoundrels who want to tell the West the intimate details of Stalin's death."

Beria, of course, felt something was wrong, but at that time he did not yet know who to suspect. Having received the management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of State Security, Beria also remained the first deputy head of the Government, resolving all issues in this post - from economic to diplomatic. At the same time, he created a hydrogen bomb, which was successfully tested a month and a half after his assassination - on August 12, 1953. Moreover, after the death of Stalin, Beria was the only one who knew this project in detail, since at the plenum of the Central Committee in June 1953, at which he was “exposed”, Beria was blamed for setting the test date himself, without agreeing it with the Government and the Presidium, and this suggests that, besides him, there were no more senior leaders of the USSR who would have known how things were really going on creating hydrogen weapons.

The matter would be simplified if Beria received the special services "on the go", but they first had to be reorganized, that is, reassigned people to several hundred posts. Worse, any appointment or removal had to be coordinated with Ignatiev, who oversaw the law enforcement agencies. And Beria, finding time to work in the united Ministry of Internal Affairs, first of all takes measures to remove Ignatiev from the road. He gives an order to the investigators leading the “doctors' case” to prepare indictments in two weeks for the espionage and terrorist activities of the doctors, but the investigators have no evidence, and the prosecutor's office releases the suspected doctors. Beria, contrary to the requirements of the Presidium, publishes a message about this in the newspapers, in which he emphasizes that illegal methods of investigation were used against doctors. To confirm the guilt of Ignatiev, he arrests Ryumin. By these actions, Beria demands from the Presidium to let him arrest Ignatiev, but Khrushchev, who headed the Presidium, understands why Beria needs Ignatiev, and defends him - Ignatiev is only dismissed from the post of Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, and at the end of April, at the insistence of Beria, they are simply expelled from the members Central Committee, but not from the party. Then Beria arrests Ogoltsov, and then Stalin's attending physician, Smirnov.

Khrushchev does not have great hopes that Ogoltsov and Smirnov will long remain under the questions of Beria himself (although torture has just been condemned and banned), and since March Khrushchev has already prepared Strokach, ready to accuse Beria of conspiracy, but Beria is always in the country , and Strokach confrontation can't stand it with him. Finally, in June 1953, Khrushchev managed to get the decision to send Beria (the most "free" leader in the USSR) to oversee the liquidation of the Nazi rebellion in Germany. In Beria's absence, Khrushchev presents Strokach to the Presidium with his message that Beria planned to overthrow the USSR government a few days after returning from Berlin. The Presidium coordinates Khrushchev's proposal to instruct Moskalenko and Batitsky to detain Beria in order to organize a confrontation with Strokach. But Batitsky and Moskalenko, in collusion with Khrushchev, kill Beria, allegedly as a result of Beria's resistance during detention. Khrushchev invites the bewildered Presidium to inform the country that Beria has been arrested and an investigation is underway. The Presidium agrees, most likely not realizing that now all of them, together with members of the Central Committee, have become Khrushchev's accomplices in the murder of Beria. Khrushchev initiates the replacement of the Prosecutor General by the bastard from Ukraine Rudenko, and he begins to fabricate a “conspiracy case”, arresting innocent people. Trying to get out of one crime, the members of the Presidium and the Government became more and more entangled by Khrushchev in the next, justifying themselves "by the interests of politics, the world communist movement," etc. As a result, they justified in December 1953 the murder of innocent judges and prosecutors by scum Beria’s colleagues as “members of his gang”, agreed with the lies in the newspapers that Beria was allegedly shot by a court verdict, agreed with the judicial murders of Ryumin, Abakumov and many others.

But it is unlikely that anyone in the Government of the USSR and in the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU knew, and many did not even guess, that Khrushchev was the murderer of Stalin. And Khrushchev almost immediately took steps to hide all traces of this murder from everyone, including the party and state nomenklatura. Immediately, all medical documents on Stalin's treatment were destroyed, his archive was destroyed, Stalin's attending physician Smirnov and Ogoltsov were released. In 1954, the doctors who treated Stalin and performed an autopsy on his body were arrested and sent to the North.

Khrushchev is doing everything so that his accomplices, who know that he is a murderer, would not run into the top leaders of the USSR and accidentally spill the beans. Restored to the Central Committee, Khrushchev sends Ignatiev to the periphery as secretary of the Tatar Regional Committee, but since Ignatiev has the opportunity to communicate with many in this post, he is sent to retire at the age of 55. Ogoltsov was rehabilitated back in August 1953, but they were not reinstated in the service, and since the lieutenant general, even in retirement, was close to many people, in 1958, by order of Khrushchev, they fabricated a case on Ogoltsov’s excess of power during the war in besieged Leningrad, deprived his titles, they are expelled from the party - they make him a pariah that few people will believe. And Ogoltsov quietly lived the rest of his life, rejoicing that he was not killed, as simpler witnesses. And those were dealt with harshly: in addition to Stalin's three bodyguards, the head of the laboratory that produces poisons, Mairanovsky, who tried to blackmail Khrushchev, was also killed.

Khrushchev is afraid of even a hint that the party nomenklatura was plotting against Stalin. In 1954, when Stalin was still glorified out of habit and no one doubted that he was an outstanding leader of the Soviet people, Khrushchev rehabilitated those involved in the "Leningrad case" - Kuznetsov, Voznesensky, Popkov and others. At this moment, Timashuk's last finest hour has come - so that she does not blurt out about Kuznetsov's role in the murder of Stalin, she is again awarded the Order, now of the Red Banner of Labor, making her a cavalier of all labor orders of the USSR.

But for Khrushchev and the party nomenklatura, the question of Stalin’s ideas remains unresolved - if Stalin is left as a leader equal to Lenin, then as the party nomenclature’s power role is restored, willy-nilly, many will have a question - why Khrushchev is leading the party in a different course than he led before his death her Stalin? It was impossible to explain this without spitting on Stalin. And Khrushchev, at the head of the top party functionaries, decides to disgrace the 20th Congress.

A problem arose - if you accuse Stalin of what he was accused of - in the "cult of personality", then everyone will have a question: "What does Stalin have to do with it? After all, he never praised himself and did not exalt himself. You smoked incense for him - the delegates of the XX Congress. Therefore, Stalin was accused of killing "honest communists." It was impossible to openly blame Stalin for this, since the events were still fresh in memory and everyone would have a question: “What does Stalin have to do with it? After all, he personally did not condemn a single "honest communist" to death, they were sentenced to death by you, the delegates of the 20th Congress. It turns out a discrepancy: they shouted about one thing, and accused of another, but this discrepancy was not accidental, there would be an exact calculation. In 1938, Hitler took advantage of the murder of his lover by a Jewish pederast - a German from the German embassy in Paris - and organized a grandiose Jewish pogrom in Germany. It would seem that from this pogrom of Germany only harm in connection with the indignation of the whole world. Actually it is not. By letting some Germans loot Jewish shops and set fire to synagogues, and others to silently look at this and not interfere with these crimes, Hitler rallied the Germans against the Jews and around him, since nothing unites the crowd of the townsfolk like a common meanness. Khrushchev repeated the feat of Hitler. In terms of combating the “cult of personality”, he gave to some inhabitants to destroy monuments to Stalin, tear his portraits, burn his books, and the rest to look at it indifferently. And the layman, having committed meanness, will never admit to it - he will claim to death that his meanness was actually needed and useful to everyone. Khrushchev, like Hitler, vilely rallied the townsfolk around him.

Easily and quickly, Khrushchev found morally and mentally handicapped freaks among writers, journalists and historians who, for small handouts, began to slander the era of Stalin, confident that they were fighting “for democracy” by pouring mud and lies on the brightest period in the history of Russia and the USSR.

When Khrushchev was removed from his posts and retired in 1964, he was obliged to confess, at the very least, to Brezhnev, who replaced him, that he killed Stalin. Otherwise, out of ignorance, Brezhnev could not have taken steps to conceal this crime, and so in 1981 Brezhnev gave the command to kill Fedorova, who had imprudently gathered in the United States. And all the General Secretaries, including, of course, Gorbachev, knew about Khrushchev's murder of Stalin. Everyone was silent, since objectively Khrushchev committed this crime, albeit for his own motives, but still for their, the party nomenklatura, benefit, in the name of their power. Brezhnev, in his own way a good-natured and even somewhat conscientious layman, having learned the truth about Stalin's death, poked at the mongrels of the press and history, slander against Stalin was reduced, memoirists under Brezhnev were obliged to write respectfully about Stalin, respectfully showed him in films and described in novels.

But it was Brezhnev who finally turned the party and the country on an anti-Stalinist course, and hopes for Communism were finished. If Khrushchev crossed out the Stalinist reorganization of the party, then Brezhnev crossed out the Stalinist Constitution, dragging his Constitution through the already decorative Supreme Soviet with an article on the inequality of Soviet people:

“Article 6. The leading and guiding force of Soviet society, its core political system, state and public organizations is the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The CPSU exists for the people and serves the people.

Armed with Marxist-Marxist-Leninist teachings, the Communist Party determines the general perspective of the development of society, the line of domestic and foreign policy of the USSR, directs the great creative activity of the Soviet people, imparts a systematic, scientifically substantiated character to their struggle for the victory of communism.

All party organizations operate within the framework of the Constitution of the USSR.

From now on, any greedy scoundrel who joined the CPSU for careeristic reasons began to determine the development of the country. Not all the people as under Communism, but only the party nomenklatura! During this period, people were still joining the party, but the fate of the CPSU and the USSR had already been decided.

Under Gorbachev, it became necessary to once again spit on the brightest period in the history of the USSR in order to justify the destruction of the Soviet Union. But the conditions have changed compared to Khrushchev's - freedom of speech was declared. It has become impossible to establish control over who says what and who prints what. And it was urgently required not to let the opposition know either about the conspiracy of the party nomenklatura against Stalin, or that Khrushchev had killed him, or that for which he had killed. Otherwise, the question would immediately arise of what constitutes Gorbachev's party nomenklatura and what it is doing under the guise of perestroika.

Therefore, since the late 80s, the fabrication of false documents allegedly stored in the archives began in order to divert any researcher from thinking about the murder of Stalin, in order to give a different explanation for the motives for the actions of historical figures of that era. From this need, the “Mikhoels Case”, “Beria’s Letters”, “Abakumov’s Letters”, etc., appeared.

From the book History of Russia. XX - beginning of the XXI century. Grade 9 author Volobuev Oleg Vladimirovich

§ 34. COUNTRY AFTER STALIN'S DEATH STRUGGLE FOR POWER. On March 5, a few hours before the official conclusion of doctors about Stalin's death, a joint meeting of members of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR took place in the Kremlin. Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR was

From the book of Molotov. semi-dominant ruler author Chuev Felix Ivanovich

Around the death of Stalin I was visiting Natalya Poskrebysheva on January 7th. Vlasik's daughter Nadia also came to her. Her father, Stalin's head of security, was arrested in December 1952. When they took him away, he said that Stalin would soon be gone, hinting at a conspiracy. - Wasn't he in it

From the book Stalin's Inner Circle. Companions of the leader author Medvedev Roy Alexandrovich

The first year after Stalin's death Stalin's physical decrepitude progressed, and this was obvious to his inner circle, but his death took by surprise not only the whole country, but also the tops of the party. It was hard to believe that the person who was looked upon as

From the book Unknown USSR. Confrontation between the people and the authorities 1953-1985. author Kozlov Vladimir Alexandrovich

The first "new construction" conflicts after Stalin's death

From book Main secret GRU author Maksimov Anatoly Borisovich

Afterword. Life after death. Not obvious, but perhaps probable, the life of Oleg Penkovsky after his official execution (the author's reconstruction) ... In an interview with the Vek newspaper in 2000, the author replied that the "Penkovsky case" would be solved in fifty years.

From the book Beyond the Threshold of Victory author Martirosyan Arsen Benikovich

Myth No. 38. After Stalin's death, Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov objectively assessed especially the military talents of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief. The myth arose and took shape under the influence of Zhukov's memoirs, as well as all sorts of his private statements. So far very often

From the book Domestic History: Lecture Notes author Kulagina Galina Mikhailovna

20.1. The struggle for power in the leadership of the country after the death of I.V. Stalin After the death of I.V. Stalin, as a result of behind-the-scenes struggle, the first places in the party-state hierarchy were occupied by: G.M. Malenkov - Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR; L.P. Beria - First Deputy G.M.

From the book Moscow against St. Petersburg. Stalin's Leningrad case author Rybas Svyatoslav Yurievich

Chapter 15 Intra-elite struggle after the death of Stalin Great achievements are associated with the name of Stalin, achieved by colossal effort and sacrifice. This leader appeared in Russia after Witte's modernization, Stolypin's economic reforms and the constitutional

From the book Georgy Zhukov. Transcript of the October (1957) plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU and other documents author History Author unknown --

No. 11 AFTER STALIN'S DEATH Recording of T.K. Zhukov "It was the month of March 1953. I had just returned to Sverdlovsk from the tactical exercises of the troops of the district. The head of the secretariat reported to me: Minister of Defense BULGANIN had just called on HF and ordered him

From the book New "History of the CPSU" author Fedenko Panas Vasilievich

VI. After the Second World War - until the death of Stalin 1. The fundamental change in the international situation The XVI chapter of the History of the CPSU covers the period from the end of the Second World War to the death of Stalin in 1953. The authors state with great satisfaction the fundamental change

From the book Domestic History: Cheat Sheet author author unknown

96. STRUGGLE FOR POWER AFTER THE DEATH OF I.V. STALIN. XX CONGRESS OF THE CPSU Long-term leader of the USSR, dictator with unlimited powers, head of the Communist Party and the Soviet government I.V. Stalin died on March 5, 1953. Among his former entourage, a

From the book Lessons of the USSR. Historically unresolved problems as factors in the emergence, development and extinction of the USSR author Nikanorov Spartak Petrovich

9. USSR after Stalin's death Description of the stage Drawing lessons from this historical stage has a special importance. This stage is the rapid, in just 40 years, the destruction of what was achieved by Stalin. Of course, the course of history at this stage consists not only of

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Chapter 10 RUSSIA AFTER STALIN'S DEATH. Khrushchev, Brezhnev...

From the book Soviet Square: Stalin-Khrushchev-Beria-Gorbachev author Grugman Raphael

KGB fake about Stalin's death A coincidence - in 1987, when the Memory Society held its first protest rally in Moscow against the "oppression of the Russian people", Stuart Kagan's book "The Kremlin Wolf" was published in New York, repeating the dogma of the Zionist Protocols.

From the book Secrets of the Russian Revolution and the Future of Russia the author Kurganov G S

48. FIVE YEARS AFTER STALIN'S DEATH The next article is titled: "Five years after Stalin's death" The author is a certain Antonio from Madrid. "Five years ago, in early March 1953, Radio Moscow reported that Stalin had died. The details reported by the Soviet radio were so

From the book Party of the Executed author Rogovin Vadim Zakharovich

XXXVII Who and how was punished after Stalin's death

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev He was elected President of the USSR on March 15, 1990 at the Third Extraordinary Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR.
December 25, 1991, in connection with the termination of the existence of the USSR as public education, M.S. Gorbachev announced his resignation from the post of President and signed a Decree on the transfer of control of strategic nuclear weapons to Russian President Yeltsin.

On December 25, after Gorbachev's resignation, a red light was lowered in the Kremlin. state flag USSR and raised the flag of the RSFSR. The first and last President of the USSR left the Kremlin forever.

The first president of Russia, then still the RSFSR, Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin was elected on June 12, 1991 by popular vote. B.N. Yeltsin won in the first round (57.3% of the vote).

In connection with the expiration of the term of office of the President of Russia, Boris N. Yeltsin, and in accordance with the transitional provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the election of the President of Russia was scheduled for June 16, 1996. It was the only presidential election in Russia where it took two rounds to determine the winner. The elections were held on June 16 - July 3 and were distinguished by the sharpness of the competitive struggle between the candidates. The main competitors were considered the current President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin and the leader of the Communist Party Russian Federation G. A. Zyuganov. According to the election results, B.N. Yeltsin received 40.2 million votes (53.82 percent), well ahead of G. A. Zyuganov, who received 30.1 million votes (40.31 percent). 3.6 million Russians (4.82%) voted against both candidates .

December 31, 1999 at 12:00 Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin voluntarily ceased to exercise the powers of the President of the Russian Federation and transferred the powers of the President to Prime Minister Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin. On April 5, 2000, the first President of Russia, Boris Yeltsin, was presented with certificates of a pensioner and labor veteran.

December 31, 1999 Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin became acting president.

In accordance with the Constitution, the Federation Council of the Russian Federation has set the date for holding extraordinary presidential elections March 26, 2000.

On March 26, 2000, 68.74 percent of the voters included in the voting lists, or 75,181,071 people, took part in the elections. Vladimir Putin received 39,740,434 votes, which amounted to 52.94 percent, that is, more than half of the votes. On April 5, 2000, the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation decided to recognize the elections of the President of the Russian Federation as valid and valid, to consider Putin Vladimir Vladimirovich elected to the post of President of Russia.