He was awarded for "creating new poetic expression within the great American song tradition"
American musician Bob Dylan
Moscow. October 13th. website - Nobel Prize in Literature in 2016 was awarded to 75-year-old American musician and singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, Swedish Academy permanent secretary Sarah Danius announced.
According to her, he won the award for "creating a new poetic expression within the great American song tradition." Danius called Dylan a great English-speaking poet, noting that his works "should be read."
According to a survey on the Nobel Prize website, 71% of its visitors are familiar with the lyrics of the American singer.
Bob Dylan (real name Robert Allen Zimmerman) was born on May 24, 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota. His ancestors were Jews, immigrants from the Russian Empire.
Apart from musical activity, Dylan is also known as an artist and film actor. Many of his songs, such as Blowin' in the Wind and The Times They Are a-Changin', have become anthems for the civil rights and anti-war movements in the United States. The last, 37th in a row, studio album of the musician called Fallen Angels was released in May this year.
In 1988, Bob Dylan was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In April 2008, he received the Pulitzer Prize "for significant influence on popular music and American culture, marked by lyrical compositions of exceptional poetic power. "He was also awarded the Presidential, one of the highest civilian awards in the United States.
The Literature Prize was the last Nobel Prize awarded this year, as the ceremony to announce the winner had been postponed earlier due to the Nobel Committee's work schedule.
Last year, the Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to a Soviet and Belarusian writer "for her many-voiced work - a monument to suffering and courage in our time."
The list of contenders for the literature award is kept secret until the last moment. The names of the nominees can only be revealed 50 years later.
In the entire history of the Literature Prize, that is, since 1901, among domestic writers and five poets were honored with it - Ivan Bunin (1933), Boris Pasternak (1958), Mikhail Sholokhov (1965), Alexander Solzhenitsyn (1970) and Joseph Brodsky (1987).
Nobel Laureates 2016
Earlier, the Nobel was awarded to 71-year-old Japanese scientist Yoshinori Ohsumi for his discoveries in the field of autophagy. The prize was awarded to David Thouless, Duncan Haldane and Michael Kosterlitz with the wording: "for theoretical discoveries in topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter." The award went to Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Bernard Feringa and Fraser Stoddart for the design and synthesis of molecular machines.
This year's Nobel Prize was awarded to Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos, who signed a peace treaty that ended more than 50 years of civil war in the country.
The Nobel Prize (Alfred Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics) went to the British economist Oliver Hart and the Finnish economist Bengt Holmström for their contribution to the development of contract theory.
award ceremony
The award ceremony will traditionally take place in Stockholm on December 10, on the day of the death of the founder of the Nobel Prizes, the Swedish entrepreneur and inventor Alfred Nobel (1833-1896).
Nobel Prize winners in 2016 will receive 8 million Swedish kronor (about $931,000). In terms of the current exchange rate, the amount of the premium is less than a million dollars.
Nobel Prize 2016: Laureates will be announced this week. Piter.TV channel monitors developments and updates the list of the world's best scientists.
Today, October 3, the so-called "Nobel Week" officially opened in Stockholm. From this day until the end of the week, October 10, the attention of all world media will be riveted to the life of the usually calm Swedish capital. Here, in the hall of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, awards will be presented to all Nobel Prize winners for 2016. The Piter.TV channel has collected all the important and up-to-date information on this topic in one article. Here you can find out how this year's award differs from all previous "Nobel Weeks", you can follow the schedule of the main scientific event of the year, find out if our scientists have a chance of triumph. And most importantly, we will update the list of winners in all 5 nominations online.
About the history of the Nobel Prize
This year the Nobel Prize is awarded for the 120th time. The awards will be distributed in 5 classical categories: these are the prizes in physics, medicine, literature, chemistry and the prize in the field of peace. As always, no one except the members of the Nobel Committee knows the names of the candidates for victory. This list will be made public only after 50 years. To many scientists, this situation seems insulting: after all, only this year the "golden list" included 376 nominees. However, only a few will find out about their triumph and it will happen very soon...
Nobel Prize Schedule 2016
Nobel Week began on October 3 with the presentation of the "eternal prize" in physiology and medicine.The one that Ivan Pavlov and Ilya Mechnikov conquered in the last century. Alas, now our medical science is going through a hard time. the best time. So the prize once again went to a more developed country - Japan. The award was won by 71-year-old researcher Yoshinori Ohsumi. The wording of the award sheet speaks for itself: "for the discovery of the mechanism of autophagy." We will tell you more about the merits of the wise Japanese below in the section on the winners of the award. And now back to the schedule of the awards ceremony.
In less than a day, on October 4, in the same hall will take place honoring the owner Nobel Prize in Physics. Experts call this nomination the most unpredictable and competitive. It can be received by space explorers, theoretical physicists, and even mathematicians (for whom, as we remember, there is no separate award). Perhaps this is one of the few sectors of the competition where the Russians have at least some chance of winning, who last years made some big discoveries.
The next Nobel Prize will be awarded on October 5: we are talking about the prize for his contribution to the development of chemistry. In this nomination, the real hegemons are scientists from the USA. Thus, the authors of various online sweepstakes for the "Nobel Prize" give preference to American researchers who were able to find a theoretical mechanism for gene editing in humans and animals. In practice, this can give humanity a real "cure for old age" or a park ice age. Several groups of scientists worked on the discovery at once, so the intrigue in this nomination still remains.
In another day, on October 7, it will be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. The most controversial nomination recognizes its winner not in Stockholm, but in Oslo. However, this is not a feature of the 2016 award, but a tradition. The most politicized award since its inception is presented in Norway in the presence of members of the local royal family. This year, a record number of applications were submitted for it - more than 200. According to rumors, Donald Trump, Edward Snowden and even the Afghan women's cycling team were among the possible applicants. No, this is not the Nobel Committee so omnivorous and promiscuous. It is simply the only nomination that any citizen and any organization can apply for.
The last nomination this year was taken out of the "Nobel week". Literature Prize will be awarded only on October 13, which, however, will not lower its status. Tradition prescribes to award writers last, in the first quarter after the "Nobel Week". Last year, the award went to Belarusian Svetlana Aleksievich. This reduces the chances of Russian authors to win: usually the Nobel Committee tries not to give the same medal to representatives of the same continent in a row.
2016 Nobel Laureates (winners)
Winner of the 2016 Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiologyand- Yoshinori Osumi (Japan). Even 23 years ago, in 1993, he made his historic discovery. The Japanese saw, proved and explained the connection between the gene and the process of autophagy in cells. It's about about the work of lysosomes, which destroy elements of the cell that become unnecessary. Sometimes the destruction occurs for reasons that are incomprehensible to logic: lysosomes kill more working elements. Yoshinori Ohsumi explained the influence of the gene program on the course of autophagy, which gave other researchers the opportunity to work on deciphering the "ageing code". Until now, they believe that cells can be forced to refuse to self-destruct. And this can seriously extend the life of the average person.
Winner of the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics - scientists David Towless, Duncan Haldane and Michael Kosterlitz from the USA. The prize was awarded for the discovery of topological transitions and topological phases of matter.
2016 Nobel Prize Winners in Chemistry- Jean-Pierre Savage, Fraser Stoddart and Bernard Feringa for the development and synthesis of molecular machines.
Nobel Peace Prize for 2016 received by Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos. The prize was awarded for ending the long-term conflict with the far-left radical group FARC.
Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics Awarded for Contract Theory to U.S. Residents Oliver Hart and Bengt Holmström.
2016 Nobel Prize in Literature goes to Bob Dylan for his contribution to the development of musical lyrics. The author of dozens of rock hits became the first writer-musician to receive this award.
The list will be updated
Briton Kazuo Ishiguro.
According to Alfred Nobel's will, the award is given to "the person who created the most significant literary work idealistic orientation.
The editors of TASS-DOSIER have prepared material on the procedure for awarding this award and its laureates.
Awarding and nominating candidates
The prize is awarded by the Swedish Academy in Stockholm. It includes 18 academicians who hold this post for life. preparatory work leads the Nobel Committee, whose members (four to five people) are elected by the Academy from among its members for a three-year period. Candidates may be nominated by members of the Academy and similar institutions in other countries, professors of literature and linguistics, award winners and chairmen of writers' organizations who have received special invitations from the committee.
The nomination process runs from September to January 31 of the following year. In April, the committee draws up a list of the 20 most worthy writers, then reduces it to five candidates. The winner is determined by academicians in early October by a majority vote. The award is announced to the writer half an hour before the announcement of his name. In 2017, 195 people were nominated.
The five Nobel Prize winners are announced during Nobel Week, which begins on the first Monday in October. Their names are announced in the following order: physiology and medicine; physics; chemistry; literature; peace prize. The winner of the Swedish State Bank Prize in Economics in memory of Alfred Nobel will be named next Monday. In 2016, the order was violated, the name of the awarded writer was made public last. According to the Swedish media, despite the delay in the start of the laureate election procedure, there were no disagreements within the Swedish Academy.
Laureates
During the entire existence of the award, 113 writers have become its laureates, including 14 women. Among those awarded are such world famous authors as Rabindranath Tagore (1913), Anatole France (1921), Bernard Shaw (1925), Thomas Mann (1929), Hermann Hesse (1946), William Faulkner (1949), Ernest Hemingway (1954), Pablo Neruda (1971), Gabriel Garcia Marquez (1982).
In 1953, this award "for the high skill of works of a historical and biographical nature, as well as for brilliant oratory with the help of which the highest human values were defended" was awarded to British Prime Minister Winston Churchill. Churchill was repeatedly nominated for this award, in addition, he was twice nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize, but never became its owner.
As a rule, writers receive an award based on the totality of achievements in the field of literature. However, nine people were awarded for a particular piece. For example, Thomas Mann was noted for the novel "Buddenbrooks"; John Galsworthy for The Forsyte Saga (1932); Ernest Hemingway - for the story "The Old Man and the Sea"; Mikhail Sholokhov - in 1965 for the novel " Quiet Don"("for the artistic power and integrity of the epic about the Don Cossacks at a turning point for Russia").
In addition to Sholokhov, there are other our compatriots among the laureates. So, in 1933, Ivan Bunin received the prize "for the strict skill with which he develops the traditions of Russian classical prose", and in 1958 - Boris Pasternak "for outstanding achievements in modern lyric poetry and in the field of great Russian prose."
However, Pasternak, who was criticized in the USSR for his novel Doctor Zhivago, published abroad, refused the award under pressure from the authorities. The medal and diploma were presented to his son in Stockholm in December 1989. In 1970 Alexander Solzhenitsyn became the laureate of the prize ("for the moral strength with which he followed the immutable traditions of Russian literature"). In 1987, the prize was awarded to Joseph Brodsky "for a comprehensive work, saturated with clarity of thought and the passion of poetry" (he emigrated to the United States in 1972).
In 2015, the Belarusian writer Svetlana Aleksievich was awarded for "polyphonic compositions, a monument to suffering and courage in our time."
In 2016, American poet, composer and performer Bob Dylan was honored for "creating poetic imagery in the great American song tradition."
Statistics
The Nobel website notes that of the 113 laureates, 12 wrote under pseudonyms. This list includes French writer and literary critic Anatole France (real name François Anatole Thibaut) and the Chilean poet and politician Pablo Neruda (Ricardo Eliécer Neftali Reyes Basoalto).
The relative majority of awards (28) were awarded to writers writing in English language. 14 writers were awarded for books in French, 13 in German, 11 in Spanish, 7 in Swedish, 6 in Italian, 6 in Russian (including Svetlana Aleksievich), 4 in Polish, 4 in Norwegian and Danish three people, and in Greek, Japanese and Chinese two each. Authors of works in Arabic, Bengali, Hungarian, Icelandic, Portuguese, Serbo-Croatian, Turkish, Occitan (Provençal French), Finnish, Czech, and Hebrew were awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature once each.
Most often awarded were writers who worked in the genre of prose (77), in second place - poetry (34), in third - dramaturgy (14). For works in the field of history, three writers received the prize, in philosophy - two. At the same time, one author can be awarded for works in several genres. For example, Boris Pasternak received the prize as a prose writer and as a poet, and Maurice Maeterlinck (Belgium; 1911) as a prose writer and playwright.
In 1901-2016, the prize was awarded 109 times (in 1914, 1918, 1935, 1940-1943, academicians could not determine the best writer). Only four times the award was divided between two writers.
The average age of laureates is 65 years old, the youngest remains Rudyard Kipling, who received the prize at 42 (1907), and the oldest is 88-year-old Doris Lessing (2007).
The second writer (after Boris Pasternak) to refuse the prize was the French novelist and philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre in 1964. He stated that he "does not want to be turned into public institution", and expressed dissatisfaction with the fact that when awarding the prize, academicians "ignore the merits of the revolutionary writers of the 20th century."
Notable Writer Candidates Who Did Not Win an Award
Many great writers who were nominated for the award never received it. Among them is Leo Tolstoy. Our writers such as Dmitry Merezhkovsky, Maxim Gorky, Konstantin Balmont, Ivan Shmelev, Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Vladimir Nabokov were not awarded either. Outstanding prose writers from other countries - Jorge Luis Borges (Argentina), Mark Twain (USA), Henrik Ibsen (Norway) - did not become laureates either.