Tyurina Ekaterina
Mini presentation about the role of television in our life.
Download:
Preview:
To use the preview of presentations, create a Google account (account) and sign in: https://accounts.google.com
Slides captions:
Television Television in the world
Television (TV) is a telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images that can be monochrome (black-and-white) or colored, with or without accompanying sound. "Television" may also refer specifically to a television set , television programming , or television transmission . The etymology of the word has a mixed Latin and Greek origin, meaning "far sight": Greek tele (τῆλε), far, and Latin visio , sight (from video, vis - to see, or to view in the first person). Commercially available since the late 1920s, the television set has become commonplace in homes, businesses and institutions, particularly as a vehicle for advertising, a source of entertainment, and news. Since the 1950s, television has been the main medium for molding public opinion. Since the 1970s the availability of video cassettes , laserdiscs , DVDs and now Blu-ray Discs , have resulted in the television set frequently being used for viewing recorded as well as broadcast material. In recent years, Internet television has seen the rise of television available via the Internet , e.g. iPlayer and Hulu. Although other forms such as closed-circuit television (CCTV) are in use, the most common usage of the medium is for broadcast television , which was modeled on the existing radio broadcasting systems developed in the 1920s, and uses high-powered radio-frequency transmitters to broadcast the television signal to individual TV receivers. The broadcast television system is typically disseminated via radio transmissions on designated channels in the 54–890 MHz frequency band . Signals are now often transmitted with stereo or surround sound in many countries. Until the 2000s broadcast TV programs were generally transmitted as an analog television signal, but during the decade several countries went almost exclusively digital. A standard television set comprises multiple internal electronic circuits , including those for receiving and decoding broadcast signals. A visual display device which lacks a tuner is properly called a video monitor , rather than a television. A television system may use different technical standards such as digital television (DTV) and high-definition television (HDTV). Television systems are also used for surveillance, industrial process control, and guiding of weapons, in places where direct observation is difficult or dangerous. Some studies have found a link between infancy exposure to television and ADHD.
History In its early stages of development, television employed a combination of optical , mechanical and electronic technologies to capture, transmit and display a visual image. By the late 1920s, however, those employing only optical and electronic technologies were being explored. All modern television systems relied on the latter, although the knowledge gained from the work on electromechanical systems was crucial in the development of fully electronic television. television receiver, Germany, 1958 The first images transmitted electrically were sent by early mechanical fax machines, including the pantelegraph , developed in the late nineteenth century. The concept of electrically powered transmission of television images in motion was first sketched in 1878 as the telephonoscope, shortly after the invention of the telephone. At the time, it was imagined by early science fiction authors, that someday that light could be transmitted over copper wires, as sounds were. The idea of using scanning to transmit images was put to actual practical use in 1881 in the pantelegraph, through the use of a pendulum-based scanning mechanism. From this period forward, scanning in one form or another has been used in nearly every image transmission technology to date, including television. This is the concept of "rasterization", the process of converting a visual image into a stream of electrical pulses.
The first images transmitted electrically were sent by early mechanical fax machines, including the pantelegraph , developed in the late nineteenth century. The concept of electrically powered transmission of television images in motion was first sketched in 1878 as the telephonoscope, shortly after the invention of the telephone. At the time, it was imagined by early science fiction authors, that someday that light could be transmitted over copper wires, as sounds were. The idea of using scanning to transmit images was put to actual practical use in 1881 in the pantelegraph, through the use of a pendulum-based scanning mechanism. From this period forward, scanning in one form or another has been used in nearly every image transmission technology to date, including television. This is the concept of "rasterization", the process of converting a visual image into a stream of electrical pulses. In 1884 Paul Gottlieb Nipkow , a 23-year-old university student in Germany, patented the first electromechanical television system which employed a scanning disk , a spinning disk with a series of holes spiraling towards the center, for rasterization . The holes were spaced at equal angular intervals such that in a single rotation the disk would allow light to pass through each hole and onto a light-sensitive selenium sensor which produced the electrical pulses. As an image was focused on the rotating disk, each hole captured a horizontal "slice" of the whole image. Nipkow's design would not be practical until advances in amplifier tube technology became available. Later designs would use a rotating mirror-drum scanner to capture the image and a cathode ray tube (CRT) as a display device, but moving images were still not possible, due to the poor sensitivity of the selenium sensors. In 1907 Russian scientist Boris Rosing became the first inventor to use a CRT in the receiver of an experimental television system. He used mirror-drum scanning to transmit simple geometric shapes to the CRT. Braun HF 1 television receiver, Germany, 1958
Vladimir Zworykin demonstrates electronic television (1929). Using a Nipkow disk, Scottish inventor John Logie Baird succeeded in demonstrating the transmission of moving silhouette images in London in 1925, and of moving, monochromatic images in 1926. Baird's scanning disk produced an image of 30 lines resolution, just enough to discern a human face, from a double spiral of Photographic lenses . This demonstration by Baird is generally agreed to be the world's first true demonstration of television, albeit a mechanical form of television no longer in use. Remarkably, in 1927 Baird also invented the world's first video recording system, "Phonovision": by modulating the output signal of his TV camera down to the audio range, he was able to capture the signal on a 10-inch wax audio disc using conventional audio recording technology. In 1926, Hungarian engineer Kálmán Tihanyi designed a television system utilizing fully electronic scanning and display elements, and employing the principle of "charge storage" within the scanning (or "camera") tube. On December 25, 1926, Kenjiro Takayanagi demonstrated a television system with a 40-line resolution that employed a CRT display at Hamamatsu Industrial High School in Japan. This was the first working example of a fully electronic television receiver. Takayanagi did not apply for a patent. By 1927, Russian inventor Léon Theremin developed a mirror-drum-based television system which used interlacing to achieve an image resolution of 100 lines.
Philo Farnsworth In 1927, Philo Farnsworth made the world's first working television system with electronic scanning of both the pickup and display devices, which he first demonstrated to the press on 1 September 1928. WRGB claims to be the world's oldest television station , tracing its roots to an experimental station founded on January 13, 1928, broadcasting from the General Electric factory in Schenectady, NY , under the call letters W2XB. It was popularly known as "WGY Television" after its sister radio station. Later in 1928, General Electric started a second facility, this one in New York City, which had the call letters W2XBS , and which today is known as WNBC . The two stations were experimental in nature and had no regular programming, as receivers were operated by engineers within the company. The image of a Felix the Cat doll, rotating on a turntable, was broadcast for 2 hours every day for several years, as new technology was being tested by the engineers. In 1936 the Olympic Games in Berlin were carried by cable to television stations in Berlin and Leipzig where the public could view the games live. In 1935 the German firm of Fernseh A.G. and the United States firm Farnsworth Television owned by Philo Farnsworth signed an agreement to exchange their television patents and technology to speed development of television transmitters and stations in their respective countries. On 2 November 1936 the BBC began transmitting the world's first public regular high-definition service from the Victorian Alexandra Palace in north London. It therefore claims to be the birthplace of television broadcasting as we know it today. In 1936, Kálmán Tihanyi described the principle of plasma display , the first flat panel display system. Mexican inventor Guillermo González Camarena also played an important role in early television. field sequential system "color television in 1940, although television became more familiar in the United States with the general public at the 1939 World"s Fair, the outbreak of World War II prevented it from being manufactured on a large scale until after the end of the war. True regular commercial television network programming did not begin in the U.S. until 1948. During that year, legendary conductor Arturo Toscanini made his first of ten TV appearances conducting the NBC Symphony Orchestra , and Texaco Star Theater , starring comedian Milton Berle , became television's first gigantic hit show. Since the 1950s, television has been the main medium for molding public opinion. Amateur television (ham TV or ATV) was developed for non-commercial experimentation, pleasure and public service events by amateur radio operators. Ham TV stations were on the air in many cities before commercial TV stations came on the air. In 2012, it was reported that television was growing into a larger component of major media companies" revenues than film.
Television introduction by country 1930 to 1939 1970 to 1979 1940 to 1949 1980 to 1989 1950 to 1959 1990 to 1999 1960 to 1969 Content Getting TV programming shown to the public can happen in many different ways. After production the next step is to market and deliver the product to whatever markets are open to using it. This typically happens on two levels: Original Run or First Run: a producer creates a program of one or multiple episodes and shows it on a station or network which has either paid for the production itself or to which a license has been granted by the television producers to do the same. Broadcast syndication: this is the terminology rather broadly used to describe secondary programming usages (beyond original run). It includes secondary runs in the country of first issue, but also international usage which may not be managed by the originating producer. In many cases other companies, TV stations or individuals are engaged to do the syndication work, in other words to sell the product into the markets they are allowed to sell into by contract from the copyright holders, in most cases the producers. First run programming is increasing on subscription services outside the U.S., but few domestically produced programs are syndicated on domestic free-to-air (FTA) elsewhere. This practice is increasing however, generally on digital-only FTA channels, or with subscriber-only first-run material appearing on FTA. Unlike the U.S., repeat FTA screenings of a FTA network program almost only occur on that network. Also, affiliates rarely buy or produce non-network programming that is not centered around local programming .
Plus and minus of television Although television, the most popular part of the mass media, plays a big role in every civilized society, there have been numerous debates concerning its advantages and disadvantages. One of the advantages of watching television is the possibility to be well informed. TV programs are various and people have a chance to select what they want to see from documentaries, current events and sports programs to films, dramas and entertainment programs. TV brought ballet, opera, and theater to big masses of people. Television provides great opportunities for education. With the help of TV it is possible to learn foreign languages, to know a lot of wonderful things concerning the world flora and fauna. TV cuts people from the real world. People become lazy, instead of doing sports they watch TV. Television takes free time of the people. Instead of reading books people watch various TV programs . The best thing is to watch only selective TV programs. At the same time there are a lot of arguments against TV. The grip it has on many people is great and they do not know how to spend their free time without television. They can watch television programs from about six in the morning to the early hours of the next day watching everything. Among the biggest TV-viewers are not only adults but children as well. It is damaging for their health and abilities. Only a few people today can live without television. Despite the increasing influence of the Internet, video films and other high-technology sources of information television continues to play an important part in the human life. If people do not like TV they do not buy it or switch it off.
What do children see on the screen? For 116 hours, 486 scenes of violence (murders, fights, etc.) and erotica were shown. There are 4 scenes of violence and erotica for one hour. Every 15 minutes an act of aggression, violence or an erotic scene. On average, a Russian teenager sees at least nine “live pictures” every day.
Children perceive violence as a possible way to resolve conflicts. A person becomes more vulnerable to violence in real life. More likely to become a victim of violence There is a much greater chance that a child will grow up to be an aggressive person and may even commit a crime.
learning learning difficulties and decreased attention (poor school performance) the risk of failing entrance exams in high school disadaptation to real life: they communicate less and worse with peers, wean themselves to think for themselves. Decreased expressiveness of speech Lack of math and reading skills Television does not contribute to school performance, but, as a rule, affects it negatively.
slide 1
"TV IN THE LIFE OF A JUNIOR SCHOOLCHILD"
Parent meeting
Primary school teacher MAOU Ivolginskaya secondary school Ruleva I.M.
slide 2
The 20th century is rightly called the century of cars and computers. Despite the rapid development of the means of communication, television remains the most popular and accessible means of information today. Over the past decades, television has been of constant interest to society and the family. This is due to the increasing importance of television in the life of a child, the impact of television on the formation of his personality. According to sociology, television occupies one of the leading places in terms of educational impact after family and school, being a channel for intensive knowledge of life.
slide 3
A study by scholars of the harm television has done to children over the past 20 years has reignited the debate over the link between violence on screen and in real life. Dutch psychologists, after analyzing the results of studies on the effects of television on young viewers over the past 40 years, came to the conclusion that television hinders the development of a child’s creative abilities, while reading books and listening to radio broadcasts enrich his intellect and imagination.
slide 4
We often ask ourselves questions that require an answer:
TV in a child's life - is it good or bad? How long can a child spend in front of the TV screen? What programs can be watched by a child of primary school age?
slide 5
Here are some statistics:
87% of families watch TV every day, two thirds of them are children; the time of daily TV viewing by a child is on average more than two hours; 50% of children watch TV shows in a row, without any choice and exceptions; 25% of children aged 6 to 10 watch the same programs 5 to 40 times in a row
slide 6
according to UNESCO:
children spend 3 hours a day in front of the TV screen, which is about 50% more than they spend on any other activity outside of school
Slide 7
the remaining activities are distributed as follows:
housework - 2 hours; family assistance - 1.6 hours; outdoor games - 1.5 hours; communication with friends - 1.4 hours; reading - 1.1 hours; computer - 0.4 hours.
Slide 8
But what are parents to do now?
Forbid your child to watch TV? Not allowed to the VCR? Throw away your computer? These questions make adults think seriously about this problem and its impact on the health and development of the child.
Slide 9
questions for discussion:
DO YOU THINK THAT THE TV SHOULD BE AMONG THE MAIN HOUSEHOLD ITEMS?
Slide 10
IN YOUR OPINION, WHAT TV SHOWS SHOULD YOUR JUNIOR SCHOOLCHILDREN WATCH?
slide 11
WHICH TV SHOWS FORM A CHILD'S PERSONALITY?
slide 12
IF YOU HAVE A ONE-ROOM APARTMENT AND THERE IS A NON-CHILDREN'S MOVIE ON THE TV, HOW WILL YOU DO IT?
slide 13
The latest findings of scientists give us a serious reason to think ... and take urgent action! Key Ideas:
* Parents leave children "under supervision" of the screen, hoping for its entertaining and educational effect. * Children get used to this passive pastime, which harms their health and mental development. * You can change the situation by setting a clear framework for viewing programs and discussing their content with the child.
Slide 14
What to do?
Perhaps you should completely ban watching TV until adulthood, away from sin, or maybe you just need to listen to the tips below and wrap up watching TV for yourself and your child.
Television is a source of information as well as a medium for entertainment and education. Not so long ago, it was customary to watch TV shows with the whole family. At the end of the session, disputes and reflections arose regarding this or that moment. Today the role of television not a person has changed significantly, and films, programs or cartoons are of a different nature, which does not always have a positive effect on people. Very often, people become addicted to television.
There are several factors that point to the role of television and the presence of
blue screen dependencies:
- spending more than four hours in front of the TV
day; - irritability and nervousness because there is no way
watch a TV show or movie; - all hobbies, socializing with friends and other joys of life
are relegated to the background in favor of the film; - there is a desire to buy only those goods that are often
advertised on TV; - actions in real life repeat the actions of loved ones
movie characters; - all information shown on TV is perceived as
true.
TV influence especially strong, so it is necessary to limit the baby's stay in front of the screen. It is better to purchase modern TV models, since the most dangerous radiation comes from the rear panel of outdated models. Toshiba LCD TVs were among the first to hit the market and are the best choice today.
As for the influence of TV on the psyche, everything is much more complicated here. Scientists have conducted more than one study, according to their results, it became known that children perceive the information shown on TV as reality. That is, they do not understand the difference between fiction and truth.
TV in modern life most often plays a background role, it is taken for granted. A powerful emotional and informative flow often leads to problems associated with advertising addiction. People themselves, without realizing it, become hostages of imposed stereotypes of thinking and behavior. It is possible to prevent such negative consequences of the impact of TV on a child as poor sleep, excessive excitability, addiction, headaches, decreased vision, only by reducing the time spent watching cartoons and programs to a minimum.
slide 1
Parent meeting. Topic: TV in the life of a family and a student. Television should not be an end, but a means. From the program “Cultural Revolution” Class teacher of the 2nd grade “g” of the MOU secondary school No. 16 of Shchelkov: Chuprunova I.V.slide 2
Objectives of the meeting: Together with parents, determine the advantages and disadvantages of having a TV in a child's life. Show the influence of television viewing on the psyche of the child. Determine the names and number of programs for children to watch.
slide 3
Issues for discussion: Statistics and figures about the role of television in a child's life. The influence of television programs on the formation of the character and cognitive sphere of the child.
slide 4
Questions for discussion: Do you and your family members think that television should be among the main household items? What TV shows, in your opinion, shape the personality of a child? How do you think children should watch TV? Suggest possible options.
slide 5
Some statistics: Two-thirds of our children aged 6 to 12 watch TV every day. A child spends more than two hours a day watching TV every day. 50% of children watch TV shows in a row, without any choice and exceptions. 25% of children aged 6 to 10 watch the same TV shows 5 to 40 times in a row. 38% of children aged 6 to 12 put the TV in the first place when determining the rating of the use of free time, while excluding sports, outdoor activities and communication with the family.
slide 6
Here are the results of a class survey conducted approximately on the following questions: How many times a week do you watch TV? Do you watch TV alone or with your family? Do you like to watch everything in a row or do you prefer some individual programs? If you were stranded on a desert island, what items would you order? good wizard to make your life interesting and not boring?
Slide 7
The results of the children's answers to the questions posed: 1 question. Every day Every other day 24 4 2 questions Alone With family 21 7 3 questions Everything in a row Individual programs 9 19 4 questions. TV Other all 0
Slide 8
Discussion on the questions: What to do and whether it is necessary to do something? Perhaps you should just ban watching TV or restrict your child to certain programs? What gives the child a TV? Is there anything positive about watching TV, especially for students?
Slide 9
It must be remembered that the effect of television on children is very different from the effect on the psyche of adults. Children cannot clearly determine where is the truth and where is a lie. They trust everything that is presented on the screen. They are easy to manage, manipulate their emotions and feelings. Only from the age of 11 do the guys begin to be less trusting of what is on the screen.
slide 10
Recommendations for parents: 1) Together with their children, determine TV shows for adults and children to watch for the next week. 2) Discuss favorite TV shows of adults and children after watching. 3) Listen to children's opinions about adult programs and express their opinions about children's programs. 4) TV should not be a significant part in the life of parents, then it will become a positive example for the child. 5) It is necessary to understand that a child who watches scenes of violence and murder every day gets used to them and can even experience pleasure from such episodes. It is necessary to exclude them from viewing by kids.