The name Iskra Lawrence is known, perhaps, to everyone who is interested in fashion. Photos of this British model can be seen in glossy publications. Spark invariably attracts attention with its bright beauty and non-standard parameters. The fact is that the girl is a plus-size model. However, kilograms and centimeters that are extra by model standards do not bother the self-confident blonde at all.

Childhood and youth

Future supermodel Iskra Arabella Lawrence (such full name girls) was born in the British city of Wolverhampton on September 11, 1990. At school, the girl was among the best students, but Iskra's dreams hovered far from science - Lawrence dreamed of becoming an actress.

Immediately after school, the purposeful blonde decided to make this dream come true and even got a job in a youth theater. However, fate decreed otherwise, and the girl's biography soon turned out to be connected with the fashion world.

Model business

Lawrence signed her first contract at the age of 13. The editors of ELLE magazine noticed a bright beauty and offered a profitable cooperation. It seemed that luck and fame were already in your pocket, but after a while, Iskra was horrified to find that she had begun to gain weight. Some time later, the contract with the girl was terminated - the changed figure of the model seemed to the representatives of the magazine not suitable for glossy pages.

At first, Iskra, by her own admission, was very worried. The girl could not cope with thoughts of imperfection, tried dozens of popular diets and even almost ruined her health. However, I soon realized that this "imperfection" is the main thing - charm and individuality.

A new sense of self helped Iskra perk up again. The girl sent photos to fashion magazines and agencies, and after a while Lawrence was invited to a photo shoot for an advertising campaign.

Swimwear was supposed to be advertised, but this one juicy fact did not frighten Iskra Lawrence. The girl coped with the task with dignity and soon became a full-fledged model of a company that creates lingerie and swimwear for girls of non-model sizes.

After some time, representatives of the popular lingerie store American Eagle Outfitters drew attention to Lawrence. The new contract brought fame and recognition to the model, which the beauty had dreamed of since childhood. Photos of Sparks in underwear reappeared on glossy spreads of fashion publications, but this time the girl did not have to be shy about her own size and shape: she was happily accepted for who she is.

At the same time, the fashion model does not at all encourage women to abandon sports and pounce on sweets. To love your body, the girl emphasizes, means to take care of it. Lawrence is constantly exercising, swimming and making sure that the daily menu has a lot of fresh vegetables and fruits. However, she no longer resorts to diets and fasting.

Personal life

Personal life, in contrast to professional success, Lawrence prefers to hide from the prying eyes of fans and journalists. It is only known that the girl is not yet married. Perhaps the beauty has not yet met love, or it may be that fans will soon be pleased with the news of Lawrence's upcoming wedding.

One thing is clear for sure: the model's figure (the girl's height is 173 cm, and her weight is 80 kg) has found her fans. Some time ago, photos of Lawrence even appeared in the cult men's magazine "Maxim" under the heading "Pumpkin of the Week", causing a flurry of admiring comments.

Iskra Lawrence now

Now Iskra Lawrence is constantly sharing new photos in her "Instagram", motivating girls to love their own body and not strive for imaginary perfection, which is simply impossible to achieve. The supermodel has learned to ignore the envious and even spiteful comments of the ubiquitous haters and is happy to show fans new pictures.

Lawrence also came up with her own hashtag #HeartNotHate, which translates into Russian as “heart, not hate.” On this hashtag, those who wish send kind and encouraging comments to people who need it, support each other and just make sure again and again that no imperfection in appearance should affect self-esteem.

At the beginning of 2018, Lawrence delighted fans with another photo shoot. This time the girl starred in the company of a Danish model ( ex-lover actor). Curvy Iskra and thin Nina looked original side by side, and after filming, Lawrence once again emphasized that she did not experience the slightest complexes about a non-standard figure.

In an interview, the model admits that she intends to continue acting. The girl's plans include further shooting and, possibly, even film roles, which the model has been dreaming of since childhood. Lawrence plans own biography to prove that size does not play any role, the main thing is faith in yourself and love for your own body.

Iskra Arabella Lawrence famous English fashion model plus size model. She was born on September 11, 1990 in Worcester, England.

Currently engaged in modeling business. She is a model for the American Eagle Outfitters lingerie line from the Aerie brand. In addition, she is the face of the advertising company of the National Eating Disorders Association. She also runs the Runway Riot website for women of all shapes and sizes who want to look good. She is a plus-size model, that is, a curvaceous model. Interestingly, Iskra never improves her photos with retouching and forbids others to retouch their pictures.

It is worth noting that Iskra Lawrence is known for her active life positions and statements. For example, she believes that the term "", which is used to refer to models with more magnificent forms than the standard ones, is incorrect, and objects to such a classification. Because of her statements and her figure, Iskra is often ridiculed, but her popularity does not suffer from this.

Many are not yet accustomed to the fact that girls with a “non-standard” figure have appeared in the modeling business. For a long time, on the covers of glamor magazines, you could see only thin girls with a wasp waist, but recently beauty standards have begun to change in favor of more magnificent forms. Many call this a good trend, as ordinary girls, trying to achieve the ideal "invented" by fashion magazines, torment themselves with diets and often undermine their health. With the advent of plus-size fashion, girls will no longer have complexes about their figure, and instead of sitting on strict diets and using dangerous drugs for weight loss, they will be able to think about healthy eating, playing sports and simple joys of life.

Plus-size model Iskra Lawrence photo

Impressionism (impressionnisme) is a style of painting that appeared at the end of the 19th century in France and then spread throughout the world. The very idea of ​​impressionism lies in its name: impression - impression. Artists who were tired of traditional academic painting techniques, which, in their opinion, did not convey all the beauty and vivacity of the world, began to use completely new techniques and methods of depiction, which were supposed to express in the most accessible form not a “photographic” look, but an impression from what you see. In his painting, the impressionist artist, using the nature of strokes and color palette, tries to convey the atmosphere, heat or cold, strong wind or peaceful silence, foggy rainy morning or bright sunny afternoon, as well as his personal experiences from what he saw.

Impressionism is a world of feelings, emotions and fleeting impressions. It is not external realism or naturalness that is valued here, but the realism of the expressed sensations, the internal state of the picture, its atmosphere, depth. Initially, this style was heavily criticized. The first Impressionist paintings were exhibited at the Salon des Les Misérables in Paris, where works by artists rejected by the official Paris Art Salon were exhibited. For the first time the term "Impressionism" was used by the critic Louis Leroy, who wrote a disparaging review in the magazine "Le Charivari" about the exhibition of artists. As the basis for the term, he took the painting by Claude Monet “Impression. Rising Sun". He called all artists impressionists, which can be roughly translated as "impressionists." At first, the paintings were indeed criticized, but soon more and more fans of the new direction in art began to come to the salon, and the genre itself turned from an outcast into a recognized one.

It should be noted that the artists late XIX centuries in France, they came up with a new style not from scratch. They took as a basis the techniques of the painters of the past, including the artists of the Renaissance. Such painters as El Greco, Velazquez, Goya, Rubens, Turner and others, long before the emergence of impressionism, tried to convey the mood of the picture, the liveliness of nature, the special expressiveness of the weather with the help of various intermediate tones, bright or vice versa dull strokes that looked like abstract things. In their paintings, they used it quite sparingly, so unusual technique not visible to the viewer. The Impressionists, on the other hand, decided to take these depiction methods as the basis for their works.

Another specific feature of the works of the Impressionists is a kind of superficial everydayness, which, however, contains incredible depth. They do not try to express any deep philosophical themes, mythological or religious tasks, historical and important events. The paintings of artists of this direction are inherently simple and everyday - landscapes, still lifes, people walking down the street or doing their usual things, and so on. It is precisely such moments where there is no excessive thematicity that distracts a person, feelings and emotions from what they see come to the fore. Also, the Impressionists, at least at the beginning of their existence, did not depict "heavy" topics - poverty, wars, tragedies, suffering, and so on. Impressionist paintings are most often the most positive and joyful works, where there is a lot of light, bright colors, smoothed chiaroscuro, smooth contrasts. Impressionism is a pleasant impression, the joy of life, the beauty of every moment, pleasure, purity, sincerity.

The most famous impressionists were such great artists as Claude Monet, Edgar Degas, Alfred Sisley, Camille Pissarro and many others.

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Alfred Sisley - Lawns in Spring

Camille Pissarro - Boulevard Montmartre. Afternoon, sunny.

For me, the style of impressionism is, first of all, something airy, ephemeral, inexorably slipping away. This is that amazing moment that the eye barely manages to fix and which then remains in the memory for a long time as a moment of the highest harmony. The masters of impressionism were famous for their ability to easily transfer this moment of beauty to the canvas, endowing it with tangible sensations and subtle vibrations that arise with all reality when interacting with the picture. When you look at the works of outstanding artists of this style, there is always a certain aftertaste of mood.

Impressionism(from impression - impression) is an art movement that originated in France in the late 1860s. Its representatives strove to capture the real world in its mobility and variability in the most natural and unbiased way, to convey their fleeting impressions. Special attention paid attention to the transmission of color and light.

The word "impressionism" comes from the name of Monet's painting Impression. Sunrise, presented at the 1874 exhibition. The little-known journalist Louis Leroy, in his magazine article, called the artists "Impressionists" to express his disdain. However, the name stuck and lost its original negative meaning.

The first important exhibition of the Impressionists took place from 15 April to 15 May 1874 in the studio of the photographer Nadar. There were presented 30 artists, in total - 165 works. Young artists were reproached for the "incompleteness" and "sloppiness of painting", the lack of taste and meaning in their work, "an attempt on true art", rebellious moods and even immorality.

The leading representatives of impressionism are Alfred Sisley and Frederic Basil. Together with them, Edouard Manet and exhibited their paintings. Joaquin Sorolla is also considered an Impressionist.

Landscapes and scenes from urban life - perhaps the most characteristic genres of impressionistic painting - were painted "en plein air", i.e. directly from life, and not on the basis of sketches and preparatory sketches. The Impressionists peered intently at nature, noticing colors and shades that are usually invisible, such as blue in the shadows.

Them artistic method consisted in the decomposition of complex tones into their constituent pure colors of the spectrum. Colored shadows and pure light quivering painting were obtained. The Impressionists applied paint in separate strokes, sometimes using contrasting tones in one area of ​​the picture. The main feature of Impressionist paintings is the effect of lively flickering of colors.

To convey the changes in the color of the subject, the Impressionists began to prefer to use colors that mutually reinforce each other: red and green, yellow and purple, orange and blue. The same colors create the effect of consistent contrast. For example, if we look at red for a while, and then look at white, it will seem greenish to us.

Impressionism did not raise philosophical problems and did not even try to penetrate the colored surface of everyday life. Instead, artists focus on superficiality, fluidity of the moment, mood, lighting, or angle of view. Their paintings represented only the positive aspects of life, without touching on acute social problems.

Artists often painted people in motion, while having fun or relaxing. They took subjects of flirting, dancing, staying in cafes and theaters, boat trips, on beaches and in gardens. Judging by the paintings of the Impressionists, life is a continuous series of small holidays, parties, pleasant pastimes outside the city or in a friendly environment.

Impressionism left a rich legacy in painting. First of all, this is an interest in color problems and non-standard techniques. Impressionism expressed the desire to update the artistic language and break with tradition, as a protest against the painstaking technique of the masters. classical school. Well, we can now admire these magnificent works of outstanding artists.

It's hard to find today cultured person who does not know the graceful ballerinas of Degas, the puffy beauties of Renoir or landscapes with water lilies by Claude Monet. Impressionism originated in France in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and subsequently spread throughout the world. Now the Impressionists have stood on a par with the classics, against whom they once rebelled, but at one time it was a progressive and revolutionary trend in painting.

Crisis of art in the 19th century

AT mid-nineteenth For centuries, three styles fought in painting - classicism, romanticism and realism. All of them demanded from the artist great skill in drawing and exact copying of the depicted object. Meanwhile, classicism and romanticism showed the world too idealized, and realism, on the contrary, too mundane.

An aspiring artist in France, in order to succeed, certainly needed to study at the School fine arts or at famous artists and exhibited at the Salon - an exhibition patronized by the state represented by recognized academicians. If the painter wanted to sell himself and be successful with the public, he needed to receive the Salon award, that is, to please the tastes of the exacting commission. If the jury rejected the work, the artist could be put an end to as a recognized mediocrity.

In 1863, after the jury of the Salon rejected about 3,000 paintings, the indignation of the artists reached its limit. Complaints reached the emperor Napoleon III, and he ordered an exhibition of rejected works to be organized, which was called the Salon of the Rejected. The exhibition was attended by such authors as Edouard Manet, Camille Pissarro, Paul Cezanne. The alternative exhibition was a resounding success. True, the main part of the public went there to mock the "non-format" artists.

For a long time, Edouard Manet was considered such a renegade. His paintings "Breakfast on the Grass" and "Olympia" shocked the respectable public. An avalanche of criticism and indignation of the champions of morality fell upon the author.

What is it about these works? From the point of view of modernity, the canvases are quite traditional; naked women have been painted before. For the viewer of Manet's time, there is a challenge. In "Breakfast on the Grass" they were embarrassed by the image of a completely naked woman in the company of dressed men. Giorgione has a similar plot in the painting "Country Concert", and "Olympia" is a rethought copy of "Venus of Urbino" by Titian. The naked ladies of Giorgione and Titian are idealized, they are somewhere far away, in other worlds. And Manet's paintings depicted courtesans, modern and contented with life. This shocked the bourgeois public, accustomed to the painted goddesses and queens.

All this testified to the imminent crisis in the art of France of the second century. half of XIX century. Impressionism was an attempt to find a new way, although it turned out to be akin to shock therapy for many.

Background of Impressionism

This is not to say that impressionism arose on its own. By the time of their first exhibition, many of the participants were already in adulthood, having long years painting teaching.

The prerequisites for this new trend, if desired, can be found in the Renaissance masters Velasquez, El Greco, Goya, Rubens, Titian, Rembrandt. But a direct impression on the Impressionists was made by such contemporary artists as Delacroix, Courbet, Daubigny, Corot.

The style of the Impressionists was influenced by japanese painting, whose exhibitions were constantly held in Paris. The refined works of Utamaro, Hokusai, Hiroshige poeticized every moment of life, which is so characteristic of the mentality of the East. The simplified form, displaced composition, purity of color in the Japanese engravings captivated young artists and opened up new horizons for them.

In addition, the emergence of photography influenced the work of the Impressionists. With its help, it was possible to make unexpected angles, close-ups, images in motion. Photography became the art of capturing the moment, something that was close to innovative artists. With the advent of photography, it was no longer possible to follow the accuracy of the image, but to give preference to one's inner state, emotional coloring. Spontaneity has become one of the rules of the new painting.

Features of Impressionism

Critics' complaints were not only about the subjects of the paintings, but also about the manner of painting by the Impressionists. It was radically different from what was taught at the Parisian School of Fine Arts.

The Impressionists did not adhere to a clear contour, they applied strokes carelessly, not caring about the careful drawing of each subject. The paints were mixed immediately on the canvas, achieving the purity of the shade. The perspective was built not according to geometrical laws, but due to the depth of the tone of the paint, the decrease in the intensity of the color as the object moved away.

They abandoned the contrast image of chiaroscuro. Blacks, whites, grays have disappeared from their palette, brown colors in its purest form. The shadows could be green, and blue, and purple, depending on how the artist saw them.

The Impressionists widely used the technique of optical mixing: brushstrokes of two colors are placed side by side on the canvas, which, when viewed by the viewer, give the effect of a third. For example, green and yellow turn into blue color, blue and red - to purple, etc.

The subjects of the paintings were not mythology or historical events, and landscapes, portraits, still lifes - all this was considered a "low" genre. Artists tried to depict nature or an object at a certain point in time, conveying a vivid emotion. This is how a series of works appeared, when the same motif was depicted, but at different times of the year or day under different lighting conditions. For example, the works of Claude Monet: Haystacks, Poplars, Rouen Cathedral, etc.

To do this, the Impressionists often painted from nature, en plein air, to accurately capture what they saw. Academicians, on the other hand, spent most of their time in the studio, honing their drawing technique.

This approach made the paintings more emotional, poetic, made it possible to see the beauty in the most ordinary things, the simplicity of the moment, every moment of life was appreciated. The image of ordinary things through the prism of the artist's perception made each painting unique.

History of the flow

On April 15, 1874, a company of young innovative artists staged their exhibition at the salon of the photographer Felix Nodar on the Boulevard des Capucines in Paris.

The very idea of ​​an independent exhibition, bypassing the official Salon, was already rebellious, but the paintings shown to the public aroused even more indignation. After all, they went against all academic canons and were unlike the idealized works of representatives of classicism or romanticism that were then popular in France.

30 artists and 165 works participated in the exhibition. These included Monet, Renoir, Pissarro, Sisley, Manet, Degas, Cezanne, Berthe Morisot. After some time, fortunes will be given away for their paintings, but then a barrage of criticism fell upon the daredevils. They were accused of shocking, in order to attract the attention of the public, they were reproached for "sloppiness", "unfinished" work, and even immorality.

The well-known critic and journalist Louis Leroy, describing in a satirical article the painting by Claude Monet “Impression. Rising Sun”, will call the artists Impressionists (from the French impression – impression). Without suspecting it, he will give a name to a whole trend in world painting.

The second exhibition took place two years after the legendary first - in April 1876. It caused even greater rejection by critics and the public. Artists were compared to the mentally ill. One can only marvel at the courage and self-righteousness of these daredevils, who continued to create, despite the lack of money, in an atmosphere of constant ridicule and mockery.

In March 1875, an auction of works by Sisley, Monet, Renoir and Berthe Morisot took place. He passed with a scandal, the public booed the paintings presented for sale. Many paintings were sold for next to nothing. Artists and their friends had to buy some works themselves, so as not to give them away for nothing.

However, the Impressionists also had devoted admirers. These included gallery owner and collector Paul Durand-Ruel, who invariably helped artists organize exhibitions and sell paintings. And also the collector Victor Choquet, who fell in love with the works of the Impressionists at first sight.

From 1877 to 1886, 6 more Impressionist exhibitions were held in France. All of them, except for the last one, were subjected to a flurry of criticism and ridicule.

Meanwhile, there were disagreements among the artists themselves. So, Manet and Renoir took part in the exhibitions of the Salon in 1879 and 1880. Their paintings were selected by an exacting jury. Claude Monet also submitted his work to the Salon, but his paintings were not accepted. This met with the contempt of Degas and the condemnation of other artists.

In the autumn of 1885, Durand-Ruel received an offer to organize an exhibition of the Impressionists in New York. At first, the artists were skeptical about this undertaking. But in March 1886, Durand-Ruel left France for America with a collection of paintings by his protégés. In the United States, the works of the Impressionists were treated with interest, and the exhibition was very popular. There were both positive and negative reviews in the press. Several paintings were sold to local collectors.

Meanwhile, divisions among the Impressionists were growing. Monet began to quarrel with Durand-Ruel and sell his paintings through other art dealers. Pissarro and Renoir joined Monet. Artists also clashed with each other.

Once united in the struggle against academism, the Impressionist group lost its common idea and ceased to exist.

The last exhibition in 1886 involved artists who would be called Post-Impressionists. This is Georges Seurat and Paul Signac. The post-impressionists also include such masters as Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin, Henri Matisse and others.

The idea of ​​impressionism has become obsolete, but opened the way for a different, even more innovative art of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Impressionist painters

It is impossible to consider impressionism in isolation from the fate of the masters themselves. Consider short biographies several artists.

Edouard Manet

Manet was born in 1832 into a respectable family of a lawyer and the daughter of a diplomat. In school, the boy was not strong, but he showed interest in drawing. However, his parents did not support his hobby. His father wanted Edward to follow in his footsteps. The uncle helped the young man, he paid for art courses.

In 1847, a young man decides to enter a nautical school, but fails the exam. As a cabin boy, he goes on a ship to South America. During his travels, he makes many drawings and sketches.

After returning to France, Edward decides to take up painting. He has been studying in the workshop of Tom Couture for 6 years. At the same time, he travels around Europe, getting acquainted with the monuments of art. Among the Impressionists, Manet would be considered the most "academic" artist. He will rethink the work of the Renaissance masters more than once in his works. His favorite painters were Velazquez, Titian, Goya.

Manet many times offers his work to the jury of the Salon and is invariably refused. As a result, he participates in the exhibition "Salon of the Rejected". There, his painting "Breakfast on the Grass" caused a big scandal. In the same 1863, the artist painted another of his outrageous paintings, Olympia. Manet invariably found himself under a barrage of criticism. His friend Emile Zola stood up to defend the artist. Another close friend of his was Charles Baudelaire.

In 1866, Manet made friends with the Impressionists, who were also rejected by academics. He never considered himself one of them. He used black in his palette and did not recognize the divisionist style of painting. But it is Edouard Manet who is considered the founder of impressionism.

Manet, who did not accept academicism, nevertheless invariably sent his work to the Salon. He was very upset by the refusals and the indifference of the audience to his work. The artist paints many portraits and genre scenes, his palette is not as cheerful as that of other impressionists. He also works in the open air and paints still lifes.

By the end of the 70s, the work of Edouard Manet was gradually gaining recognition. His works are exhibited in the Salons, at one he will even receive a medal. In 1881, Manet will be awarded the Order of the Legion of Honor. By this time, the artist was already sick with ataxia (lack of coordination of movements). He could no longer paint large canvases.

In 1883, Manet's leg was amputated due to gangrene, but the operation did not help. A few months later, the artist died.

Claude Monet

Claude Monet was born in 1840 in the family of a grocery merchant. The boy became famous in his native Le Havre, thanks to drawing caricatures and cartoons. At the age of 17, fate brought him together with the artist Eugene Boudin. Boudin took the young Monet with him to the open air and instilled in him a love of painting.

In 1859 Claude went to Paris. He begins his studies at the Academy of Suisse, and then takes lessons from Charles Gleyre. In 1865, Monet exhibited at the Salon. His work has been well received. Then he meets his future wife Camilla.

Monet, with Renoir and other impressionists, often travels to the open air, drawing landscapes captures him more and more.

In 1870 Monet leaves for London. In England, he meets Paul Durand-Ruel. After 2 years, returning to France, Monet settled in Arzhentey. For 4 years lived in this cozy place, Monet wrote many works.

In 1874, Claude Monet participates in the first exhibition of the Impressionists. His paintings were criticized, as were the works of the rest of the participants.

In 1878, the Monet family settled in the town of Vitey. There he creates many paintings. But a year later, his wife Camilla dies. Monet, heartbroken for a time, gives up landscapes, painting still lifes in his studio.

In 1883, Monet finally finds a place where he will live for more than 40 years. This place turns out to be a house in Giverny. The new owner will lay out a wonderful garden there and make a famous pond, which will tirelessly write at sunset.

In 1892, Claude Monet marries his friend's widow, Alice Hoshede.

Monet draws a series of works, depicting the same view at different times of the year and day, under different lighting conditions. He has a lot of such series: “Haystack”, “Poplars”, “Pond with water lilies”, “Rouen Cathedral”, etc. Claude Monet is a virtuoso in conveying different color shades, he depicts an elusive moment through the prism of his perception. His canvases are a success, they are bought with pleasure by collectors, including those outside France.

Throughout his life, Monet painted nature. Towards the end of his life, he focused on his garden at Giverny, which he turned into another work of art. The master tirelessly paints its views: flowers, shady alleys and the famous pond. In 1919, Monet gives the state 12 large paintings from the Nymphaeum series. Two pavilions were allocated for them in the Orangerie Museum.

Meanwhile, the artist began to go blind. After undergoing eye surgery in 1925, he was able to return to work. Claude Monet died in 1926, having become a classic during his lifetime. He was not only the founder of impressionism, but also the forerunner of abstract art, ahead of its time and opening a whole era with its creativity.

Auguste Renoir

Auguste was born into a large, poor family in 1841. As a teenager, he painted dishes. In 1862 he entered the School of Fine Arts, and also attended lessons from Charles Gleyre. In 1864, his paintings are approved for participation in the Salon. Together with his impressionist friends, Renoir travels to the open air. The artist has his own unique handwriting - bold broad strokes, a cheerful play of light and color.

After the first exhibition of the Impressionists, Renoir was subjected to merciless criticism. Subsequently, he participated in 3 more exhibitions. In 1879 he exhibited at the Salon, despite the reproaches of his friends. His painting "Madame Charpentier with Children" received recognition, and the artist's business went uphill. Wealthy citizens began to give him orders for portraits. Renoir was especially successful female images, he wrote and many children's portraits. They feel a special warmth and ease.

The 1870-80s are the heyday of the artist's work. He paints complex large canvases with many heroes. This period includes his famous paintings"Ball at the Moulin de la Galette", "Breakfast of the Rowers". Renoir believed that painting should beautify people's lives. His art was bright, sincere, sunny, like France itself.

In 1890 he marries his model Alina Sharigo, they have three children. In 1881 Renoir went to Italy. Returning, he changes the style of painting, to a more "academic" one. The paintings “Umbrellas”, “Large Bathers” belong to this period. Renoir paid much attention to the nude. Returning to the principles of impressionism, he paints a series of paintings with bathers - an ode female beauty and graces.

Renoir, unlike many impressionists, received recognition during his lifetime. He was praised by critics, he had many customers, and his paintings sold well. In old age, Renoir suffered from arthritis. He wrote by tying his hands to his hands, disfigured by rheumatism. “Pain passes, but beauty remains,” said the artist. Auguste Renoir died in 1919 from a lung disease.

Camille Pissarro

Born on the island of St. Thomas in the Caribbean in 1831. At the age of 25 he moved to France, to Paris, studied with Suis and Corot. Participated in the Salon of the Rejected. At the same time he met Manet, Cezanne, Monet, Sisley. Pissarro painted landscapes, paying much attention to the lighting of objects. In 1868 he exhibited at the Salon. The following year, due to the outbreak of war, he was forced to leave for London. There Pissarro met his friend Claude Monet. Together they went to the open air, studying the nature of England.

Upon returning to France, Camille Pissarro settled in Pontoise. In 1872, Cezanne came to him with his family. The artists become inseparable friends. And in 1881 Paul Gauguin joined them. Pissarro willingly helped young artists, shared his experience with them. He urged not to pay much attention to drawing the outline of objects, the main thing is to convey the essence. You need to write what you see and feel, not focusing on the accuracy of the execution technique. Only nature can be a teacher who must always be consulted.

During his life in Pontoise, Pissarro was able to develop his own special style of painting. The artist lived there for 10 years. He often turned to scenes from rural life. His works are filled with light and lyrics.

However, Pissarro's paintings did not sell well, and it was difficult for him to provide for his large family. In 1884, the artist settled in the village of Eragny, occasionally visiting Paris in the hope of selling his paintings or finding a patron. Such a person was Paul Durand-Ruel, who received the monopoly right to buy the master's works.

In 1885, Camille Pissarro decides to join the post-impressionists Georges Seurat and Paul Signac, he tries a new direction - pointillism. Because of the participation of Seurat and Signac in the eighth exhibition of the Impressionists, Pissarro quarrels with Monet, Renoir, Sisley. As a result, Pissarro and his new friends exhibited in a separate room. However, the public did not appreciate the new direction.

In 1889, Pissarro abandoned pointillism and returned to his old style. Painting with dots could not satisfy his desire to convey the immediacy and freshness of the inner sensation. His paintings are starting to buy again. Durand-Ruel organizes several exhibitions of the artist.

AT last years Pissarro's life became seriously interested in graphics, lithography and etching. The artist died in Paris at the age of 73. During his lifetime, he did not receive any awards from the state. Pissarro always helped young artists and tried to reconcile the warring Impressionists. He was the only one who participated in all their exhibitions.

Edgar Degas

Degas was born in 1834. His father, a banker, hardly gave Edgar permission to study painting. At 21. the young man entered the School of Fine Arts. In 1865, Degas' painting "A Scene from the Life of the Middle Ages" was approved for exhibition at the Salon. Acquaintance with the Impressionists changes the worldview of the artist. He moves away from academicism. Degas prefers genre painting, depicting the ordinary people around him.

Since the 1870s, Degas has been trying to write in pastel. The artist liked this material, as it combined painting with graphics. Degas' style was different from the rest of the Impressionists, who put light in the first place. In addition, Degas did not go to the open air, preferring to make sketches in cafes, at races, and in shops. He tried to express expression through line and drawing, which was not always understood by other impressionists.

Degas has always taken an active part in organizing exhibitions of the Impressionists in France. He missed only one of them for ideological reasons. However, he did not consider himself an impressionist.

The works of Degas are not as joyful as the paintings of his comrades. Often he portrayed life without embellishment, as in the painting "Absinthe Drinkers".

Around Degas, a circle of young artists gathered - Vidal, Cassette, Raffaelli, Tillo, Forain, etc. This split the Impressionist society and led to inevitable conflict and, in the end, to the disintegration of the partnership.

In the 1880s, Degas created a series of works: "In the hat shop", "Nude women at the toilet." last series pastels caused outrage from the public, as women were depicted realistically, in an intimate way, in everyday activities.

The series "Jumps" and "Dancers" allowed the artist to convey the drawing in motion. The theme of the ballet was close to Degas. No one, like him, could not convey the essence of the dance. Edgar painted fragile dancers on stage and backstage. He often made drawings from memory in the studio, which was also unusual for the Impressionists.

Degas never created a family. He was famous for his difficult, quarrelsome character. His only passion was art, to which he devoted all his time.

After 1890, Degas suffered from an eye disease and partially lost his sight. The master turns to sculpture. He sculpted dancers and horses from clay and wax, but many of his figurines subsequently died due to the fragility of the material. However, 150 works left after the death of the artist were transferred to bronze.

Degas spent his last years blind. It was a great tragedy for him. Edgar Degas died in 1917 in Paris, leaving behind a great legacy in the form of drawings, paintings, and sculptures.

Based on the life stories of artists, it is clear that impressionism has many facets. At one time, he became a revolution in the art of France and the whole world, opening up the possibility for the emergence of many new trends. But one thing united all the Impressionists. This is the desire to depict the fragile, elusive beauty of the moments from which life is built.