"Holidays in China" - Rice is served at the table in any case. The project was prepared by a student of grade 8 D Dergacheva Alexandra. The Qingming Festival is also called Taqingze, a day of walking on the first greenery. Peking duck is one of the traditional dishes. After mutual congratulations, the New Year's feast began. Yuanxiao Festival.
"Lesson China" - We will travel through a mysterious country - China. China ranks in terms of the size of the occupied territory. For example, and even invented in China. Porcelain. Corner. Umbrella. Make a word out of the remaining letters. Silk. paper. Lesson - travel. Thousands of babies are born there every day. We will discover many new and interesting things for ourselves.
"The Art of Ancient China" - Bronzes. What objects of art of Ancient China do we use in modern times? Ancient Chinese masters built magnificent buildings, decorated with beautiful columns, figures of fantastic animals to scare away evil spirits. The height of the colossal structure reached 10 meters, width - 5 meters, length - 4 thousand kilometers.
"Culture in China" - The construction of the Great Wall of China began in the 4th-3rd centuries. BC e., and ended by the 15th century. Dayant Pagoda. Great Chinese Wall. Yungang Monastery is a cave temple belonging to the masterpieces of world architecture. Each of the caves is dedicated to a specific Buddhist deity. Garden and park complex. Art culture China.
"Culture of China" - A bit of history ... Architecture. Amazing Culture of China. Significant contribution chinese culture contributed to the development of world culture. Yin Yang. Calligraphy. Later on a large number of leading powers medieval world. Confucianism. Philosophy ancient China is based on the ethical and political teachings of Confucius.
"MHK China" - Feast of the 10th century. BC. Stored in Historical Museum, Shanghai, China Fresco. Confucius VI-V centuries. BC. Zixiaodan Pavilion, 10th century Wudanshan Mountains, China. Riding III c. BC. From the tomb of Qin Shi Huang, China. Lady from high society of the 1st century. AD Ritual bowl for wine of the XV-XI centuries. BC. Bronze. Vessel in the shape of a hammer, 10th c. Stored in the Historical Museum, Shanghai, China Bronze.
The ability to summarize information, to express complex ideas, feelings and ideas in a few words is an important skill. It requires thoughtful reflection based on a rich conceptual stock.
With the external simplicity of the form, cinquain is a quick but powerful tool for reflection, synthesis and generalization of concepts and information. It teaches you to use concepts meaningfully and determine your attitude to the problem under consideration, using only 5 lines.
The creation of syncwines - five-line "poems" - allows not only to summarize information on any topic, but also develops critical thinking. To compose a successful cinquain, you need to analyze all the information about the event, person, concept, and choose the most important.
A bit of theory.
cinquain - five-line poetic form, which arose in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century under the influence of Japanese poetry. Later it began to be used (recently, since 1997, and in Russia) in didactic purposes, how effective method development of figurative speech, which allows you to quickly get the result. A number of methodologists believe that syncwines are useful as a tool for synthesizing complex information, as a cutoff for assessing the conceptual and vocabulary of students
The traditional cinquain consists of five lines and is based on counting the syllables in each verse: its syllabic structure is 2-4-6-8-2, for a total of 22 syllables (17 in haiku, 31 in tanka).
- Reverse syncwine - with a reverse sequence of verses (2-8-6-4-2);
- Mirror syncwine - a form of two five-line stanzas, where the first is traditional, and the second is reverse syncwines;
- Butterfly cinquain - a nine-line form with a syllabic structure 2-4-6-8-2-8-6-4-2;
- Sinkwine Crown - 5 traditional syncwines, forming a complete poem;
- A garland of cinquains is an analogue of a wreath of sonnets, a crown of syncwines, to which a sixth syncwine is added, where the first line is taken from the first syncwine, the second line from the second, etc.
Didactic cinquain developed in the practice of the American school. In this genre, the text is based not on syllabic dependence, but on the content and syntactic specification of each line.
The procedure for compiling a syncwine allows you to harmoniously combine the elements of all three main educational systems: information, activity and personality-oriented.
How to work with syncwines:
- Compilation of a new syncwine.
- Drafting short story according to the finished syncwine using the words and phrases included in the syncwine.
- Correction and improvement of the finished syncwine.
- Analysis of an incomplete syncwine without specifying the theme of the syncwine and determining the name of the theme of this syncwine.
Organizational forms of work with syncwines:
- Independently while doing homework.
- Self-guided practice.
- As part of a small group, followed by a competition for the best cinquain, compiled on a chosen topic.
- As part of study group with the participation of a teacher acting as a leader, helping the group to compose a syncwine.
- While doing control task to compose a syncwine, write a story on syncwine or determine the topic of an incomplete syncwine ..
Here are some examples of syncwines by my students.
Theme "Zheleznogorsk", the subject of the ORR, grade 11.
Zheleznogrsk
Closed, mysterious
Build, design, implement
Innovation is our future
GCC.
Zheleznogorsk
small, closed
work, enjoy, be sad
The best place on earth because my mother is here
Favorite.
(Pleskach Yu.)
Theme "Law", social science, grade 6.
Law
Strict, fair
Observed, violated, punished
Everyone must obey the law
rule
Shchenina S. Grade 7
Law
fair, necessary
Protects, preserves, acts
The law is the same for everyone
Target: explore China.
Tasks:
- On the basis of independent work with sources of information, compose an economic and geographical description of China, find out the significance of studying this topic.
- To educate students in a tolerant attitude towards the culture and life of other peoples; cultivate hard work and a sense of patriotism.
- Improve communication skills: the ability to speak, to form a culture of listening to the speeches of their classmates, the ability to express their thoughts, the ability to analyze, draw conclusions based on the available statistical material.
Equipment: economic map of China, wall newspapers on China, folding book "The Art of China", statistical handout for practical work, atlases and textbooks for grade 10, DVD "Tourist Atlas of the World", DVD "In Search of Adventure with Mikhail Kozhukhov (China)".
Seminar plan:
- Territory, borders, position of China. State device.
- Population.
- Chinese Economy: Achievements and Problems.
- Agriculture.
- Foreign economic relations.
Workshop progress
High school students already have some information and knowledge on this topic. Therefore, to give a comprehensive characterization of China is a completely feasible task. Study Seminar new topic- the highest form of these studies.
To enter into this topic, let's make a cluster (translated from the English. "bunch"), i.e. what words and associations arise when this topic is mentioned.
We get acquainted with the symbols of China, listen to the sound fragment of the country's anthem.
1. Territory, borders, position of China
The People's Republic of China is the third largest country in the world by area. From west to east, the country stretches for 5.7 thousand km, and from north to south - almost 3.7 thousand km. The area of the country is 9572 thousand km 2. In terms of the total length of land borders (22,000 km), China ranks first in the world. But since they mostly pass through hard-to-reach natural boundaries, for external economic relations, exits to the Yellow, East China and South China seas are mainly used. Access to the sea to the deep regions is also provided by the river route along the Yangtze.
The country borders with Mongolia and Russia - in the north, with the DPRK - in the east, with Vietnam, Laos - in the south, with Myanmar, India, Bhutan and Nepal - in the west, with Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan - in the north. west.
In administrative and territorial terms, China is divided into 23 provinces (including Taiwan), some of them have a population exceeding the population of the largest countries of foreign Europe, 5 autonomous regions and 4 cities of central subordination - Shanghai, Beijing, Chongqing, Tianjin.
In 2002, the 16th Congress of the Communist Party of the People's Republic of China elected Hu Jin Tao as the President of the People's Republic of China. Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China - Wen Jiabao.
2. Population of China
For two millennia, China has been the most populous country in the world. It is no coincidence that one of the Chinese sayings says: "Ren shan, ren hai", which means: "Mountains of people, sea of people."
Since the founding of the PRC in 1949, China's population has more than doubled to 1,284,000 according to the 2000 census. Today, China accounts for 21.2% of all inhabitants of our planet. If not for a tough demographic policy, it would be much larger. Thanks to this policy, China has moved from the second to the first type of population reproduction, entering the third phase of the demographic transition, which is characterized by low birth and death rates.
There are more than 700 million people of working age in China, of which over two-fifths are young people. In terms of ethnic composition, the vast majority of the population of China are Chinese. They inhabit the eastern part of the country. The Chinese language has seven main dialects - Peking, Cantonese, etc., the differences between which are great, so that when speaking, the inhabitants of the northern and southern provinces hardly understand each other. They use hieroglyphic writing to explain. In addition, during the years of people's power, a unified National language"Putonghua".
Although the proportion of national minorities is small, this country is still classified as a multinational country. Firstly, the number of non-Chinese nationalities is approaching 60. Secondly, their total number exceeds 100 million people. And thirdly, because they inhabit more than half of the country's territory.
For China, large contrasts in settlement are very characteristic: almost 90% of the inhabitants are concentrated in 1/3 of the country's territory. In terms of the proportion of city dwellers, China is still among the least urbanized countries. But the "urban explosion" also affected him. Today, in terms of the total number of urban settlements (500) and millionaire cities (50), as well as the absolute number of citizens (400 million), the country ranks first in the world. However, China also holds the world championship in terms of the number of villages, of which there are about 700 thousand!
China is a country ancient culture. monuments material culture The famous garden and park ensembles, Buddhist temples and pagodas, such a great building as the Great Wall of China, 4 thousand km long, serve the Chinese people. The traditions of spiritual culture that have survived to this day are specific Chinese theater, painting, music, cuisine, wushu gymnastics, the lunar calendar. Since ancient times, there has been Chinese philosophy, astronomy, geography, and medicine.
Pay attention to wall newspapers and a folding book.
Watch a video about the Great Wall of China.
3. Chinese Economy: Achievements and Challenges
Modern China is a powerful industrial and agrarian power that occupies important positions in the world economy. Now it forms the third economic power center of the world economy. China ranks first in the world in the production of 26 types of industrial and agricultural products. Along with the old, traditional industries, electronics, aerospace and other science-intensive industries have received significant development here. In October 2003, China carried out the first launch spaceship with a person on board.
However, one cannot ignore the fact that the equipment of many enterprises is very outdated, there is no electricity in almost half of the villages, agriculture is dominated by manual labor. The face of China is now largely determined by heavy industry, which relies heavily on domestic resources. The coal industry forms the basis of China's fuel and energy complex. Coal mining is dispersed over many basins; the largest of them (for example, Datong) are located in the northern part of the country. Oil production is also dispersed, but the main field (Daqing) accounts for 1/3 of the production.
The development of oil resources of the continental shelf of the seas began. Energy production for 4/5 is based on thermal power plants. China has one of the largest hydropower development programs; the main cascades of HPPs are being built in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze (including the world's largest Sanxia HPP) and the Yellow River. The first nuclear power plants were built. Started use non-traditional species energy - geothermal, tidal. Recently, China has been increasing imports of oil and liquefied natural gas. A project was developed for the construction of a main oil pipeline from Eastern Siberia to Daqing.
The basis of the metallurgical complex is made up of large full-cycle plants oriented towards coal and iron ore deposits or their flows. China's largest Anshan Iron and Steel Works in the northeast of the country uses local coking coal and iron ore. Here, 7-8 million tons of steel are smelted a year, and the number of employees reaches 150 thousand people.
The machine-building complex is dominated not by specialized, but by universal enterprises. They gravitate, first of all, to large cities, to seaports, to metallurgical bases. But gradually, mechanical engineering begins to penetrate into small towns. This is facilitated by the development of household electrical engineering and electronics, and recently the automotive industry. Until relatively recently, televisions and washing machines were a rare accessory even in urban life in China, and in the late 80s. in their production, the country came out on top in the world.
The chemical complex relies on products of coke and petrochemistry, mining and chemical and vegetable raw materials. There are two groups of industries: 1) mineral fertilizers (primarily nitrogen), 2) household chemicals and pharmaceuticals. The location of this complex is characterized by a combination of large plants with many small and medium-sized enterprises.
The textile industry is China's main light industry. It works mainly for the domestic market; clothes made of cotton fabrics, in the production of which China ranks first in the world, are worn by the vast majority of the inhabitants.
The silk industry also belongs to the traditional industries. Performance practical work No. 1 on the Chinese economy.
Analyze tables 1, 3, 4 ( Attachment 1) and draw a conclusion.
Watching a video clip about the economy of China. Before watching, the question is asked: what problems in the industry and agriculture in China have you noticed?
4. Agriculture in China
Agriculture, which employs 450 million people, plays a big role. After the 80s. there was a transition from the so-called "people's communes" to a family contract system, this industry has become more profitable; harvests of all major crops increased markedly. Grain harvest in the second half of the 90s. kept at a record high level - about 400-450 million tons. The main agricultural areas are located in the eastern part of the country. These are "yellow China" with a predominance of wheat, kaoliang, corn and "green China", whose specialization is determined by rice crops; there are also tea plantations. Rice cultivated in the Yangtze basin, in the Xijiang delta, is the main bread of the population. There are thousands of varieties of rice with different taste qualities. Rice straw is fed to livestock and poultry, used to make paper, hats, mats, bags, ropes. Fish are bred in water-filled rice fields.
Tea grown in the hilly regions of Primorye is also traditional culture. China is the birthplace of tea, and until the end of the 19th century. he was its only major supplier in the world. And now it has a large monopoly in the export of green tea. Chinese peasants have developed dozens of varieties of tea.
In the northwest, in "dry China" populated mainly by non-Chinese peoples (Uigurs, Mongols, Tibetans), the predominant type of economy is extensive nomadic or semi-nomadic pastoralism with a few interspersed with centers of settled agriculture. And in the southwest, in "cold China" (Tibet), agriculture is generally poorly developed. Feature the Chinese village - the development of cooperative rural industry, which employs 140 million people; it makes it possible to occupy free working hands. Aquaculture has also been widely developed. China holds the first place in the world in the cultivation of fish, sea mollusks and algae. In general, the life of the Chinese has been connected with the sea since ancient times. There are many millions of “workers of the sea” in the country. Implementation of practical work No. 2 on agriculture.
Analyze table 2 ( Attachment 1) and draw a conclusion.
5. Foreign economic relations of China
The country trades with more than 160 countries of the world, but only a dozen of them are among its main trading partners. Firstly, these are some of its neighbors - Japan, the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Indonesia. Secondly, this is the USA. Thirdly, these are countries European Union, primarily Germany, the Netherlands, the UK, France and Italy. And fourthly, this is Russia.
China exports mainly ready-made clothing, textiles, consumer electronics and other consumer goods, but also fuels and raw materials. Its imports are dominated by finished goods, especially machinery and equipment.
When the students' performances are over, everyone writes a syncwine.
cinquain
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Summing up the seminar, we are talking about the practical significance of studying this topic.
Lesson. New story 8th grade
China in the 19th century: from empire to semi-colony.
The purpose of the lesson:
Based on the facts, form an idea about the features of China's development in the 19th century: the policy of "closing China" "opium wars"
To establish the relationship between the processes of modernization and the preservation of independence in the 19th century.
During the classes.
teacher actions.
Creating a problem situation
Guys, when you hear about China, what images flash in your mind?
(Paper, dragons, compass, porcelain, gunpowder)
-Consider historical map . Determine how the position of China has changed during the nineteenth century.
Let us turn to the facts of historical documents at the end of the paragraph. Read the document. Was it easy for European countries, judging by this source, to conquer China.?
Analyze the table data. Who was supposed to have a clear advantage in the clash between the Chinese empire and the individual states of Europe?
Student actions
Examine the map. According to the symbols, it is clear that the country was forced to sign unequal treaties with the Western colonialists.
The Chinese should have had the advantage.
Problem Shaping
China turned out to be a "tough nut" for Europeans But pay attention to the topic of the lesson. What is the contradiction?
What question do we need to answer?
Hypotheses
What suggestions do you have for solving the problem? Why did the Europeans manage to conquer one of the most ancient civilizations?
(suggest their versions)
Knowledge update
- give examples from every sphere of society that would prove that modernization strengthens the country
In what case did China manage to avoid the fate of a semi-colony?
What are we going to learn in the lesson?
Student actions
Economy. advanced factories. Lots of goods. Development of trade, Rich country.
Politics. Strong army Capturing territories.
social organization. civil equality. Each person has the opportunity to decide their own destiny.
CULTURE. Science is developing, the achievements of which are being used for military purposes.
Modernization really leads to the strengthening of the country.
- If only there had been an upgrade.
Were there signs of modernization in Chinese society in the 19th century.
Discovery of new knowledge
Using the textbook material, determine what type of society China belongs to at the beginning of the 19th century
Were there any chances to resist the industrial West? Have the Chinese tried to find a way out of this situation?
Student actions.
Provide facts. It turns out that they all indicate that China is an agrarian country.
There were no chances, but the policy of a "closed country" began to be pursued. When the emperor of China found out about the capture of India by an English trading company, he ordered the expulsion of all European merchants from the country. The Chinese were forbidden to build large ships, to study European languages. For violating Chinese laws, European merchants could be arrested and executed at any moment.
teacher actions.
Cunning Europeans found an answer to China's stubbornness. Working in pairs, complete chronological order list of events 1830-1860, each of which brought China closer to becoming a semi-colony Western countries. Indicate the significance of each phenomenon in the transformation of China into a semi-colony.
Student actions
| Developments | Effects |
| Import of Europeans to China of opium | Chinese drug addiction. The economy of South China fell into decay, people got sick and died |
| "Opium Wars" | The defeat of the Chinese army (armed much worse than the European one) Signing an unequal treaty with England |
| The requirement of the governments of France, the USA, Russia of privileges in trade with China. "Discovery of China" | Division of China into spheres of influence. A flood of cheap factory goods poured into China, which ruined the artisans. High taxes ruined the peasants. |
Conclusion: the "discovery" of China led to the ruin of the economy of the entire country
Teacher actions
Once again, the Chinese found themselves in a difficult situation, when they either have to accept and "go with the flow" or find the strength in themselves and prepare to fight back.
Which option will the Chinese choose? In what case will China be able to resist the army of Europeans?
Student actions
China could only resist if its army was armed with European weapons
Under the emperor Sisi, a course was taken for the self-strengthening of China. The provinces created educational establishments European standard, taught foreign languages, military factories, shipyards were built, private factories appeared, the first Railway.
But the empress borrowed money from the Western powers. There was NOT a unified modernization program
The course was ineffective
Application of new knowledge
Knowing the position of China in the 19th century, compose a synquent
Student actions
For example: China, closed, Opium, Defends, Resists, Fights
Europeans forcibly "opened" the country
Semi-colony.
cinquain(from fr. cinquains, English cinquain) - this is creative work, which has a short form of a poem consisting of five unrhymed lines.
cinquain- this is not a simple poem, but a poem written according to the following rules:
1 line - one noun expressing main topic cinquain.
2nd line - two adjectives expressing main idea.
Line 3 - three verbs describing actions within the topic.
Line 4 - a phrase that carries a certain meaning.
Line 5 - conclusion in the form of a noun (association with the first word).
Compiling a cinquain is very simple and interesting. And besides, work on the creation of syncwine develops imaginative thinking.
Lesson summary
What answer to the main question of the lesson can we now give?
Student actions
During the 19th century, China turned into a semi-colony of Western powers. Modernization processes began in the country, but the course of self-strengthening failed.
Homework. Continue compiling the table, assignments in the workbook p.58 (6,7,11,12.13)
The only country that managed to avoid the fate of the colony was Japan. What do you think, due to what? Whether it really was so, you will read at home in the paragraph. Answer the questions before the paragraph.
History teacher GBOU Lyceum No. 1571 Koziy O.I.