If we analyze the data on the distribution of income among various segments of the Russian population, the following picture emerges: 13.4% of the population live in extreme poverty with incomes below 4900 rubles per month, 27.8% live in poverty with incomes from 4900 to 7400 rubles, in 38.8% of those with incomes from 7400 to 17,000 rubles live above poverty, the so-called rich among the poor live above poverty - 10.9% with incomes from 17,000 to 25,000 rubles, 7.3% live with an average income with incomes of 25 000 to 50,000 rubles, wealthy people include 1.1% with incomes from 50,000 to 75,000 rubles, and only 0.7% of the rich have incomes over 75,000 rubles per month.
From the above data, it can be seen that the first three groups - low-income citizens of Russia (extremely poor, poor, and the poor, whose income is below 17 thousand rubles a month) - make up exactly 80% of the population modern Russia. 80% of low-income citizens of Russia - this is almost 113 million people (worker and field worker, student and teacher, engineer, research worker, labor veteran, etc.), as a rule, they do not have high incomes. And with such incomes, how can 80% of the population of Russia live in the conditions of current inflation, with the unrestrained growth of tariffs, prices for gasoline, electricity, gas?
But among the remaining 20% of the population, whose income is over 17 thousand rubles a month, there is a group of citizens who are not embarrassed by either prices or tariffs - these are wealthy and wealthy citizens of Russia. And this group of citizens in the amount of 1.8% of the population of Russia concentrated in their hands almost 80% of all the country's income. Is that fair?!
According to the income and property declarations of federal officials for 2016, the Minister for North Caucasus Affairs Lev Kuznetsov "earned" 582 million rubles, in 2015 it was 47.9 million rubles, i.e. income increased 12 times. His wife's income increased from 10.9 million to 47.9 million rubles, i.е. increased 3 times.
The smallest income in 2016 was from the Minister of Agriculture Alexander Tkachev - 5.6 million rubles (in 2015 it was 50 million rubles). His wife earned 9.9 million rubles in 2016, in 2015 it was 6 million rubles.
Sergey Kiriyenko became the record holder among the employees of the presidential administration with 85 million 486.9 thousand rubles. By the way, he moved to work in the Kremlin administration in the fall of 2016 from the post of head of Rosatom.
Interestingly, they go to the ministers already with rich property and high incomes, or are they acquired at ministerial posts?
But what a picture with our "servants of the people" - deputies. From September 1, 2013, the salaries of State Duma deputies increased from 161 to 254 thousand rubles - automatically, following the salaries of federal ministers. And from September 1, 2014, deputy salaries, again by decision of the Kremlin, automatically increased to an almost indecent 420 thousand rubles a month (!). Of course, the regional deputies did not remain in debt and also raised the issue of raising their salaries.
And what do you think, “servants of the people”, the voter is very happy for you that you receive a salary 10-15 times more than his, whose interests you are obliged to protect by status? Just do not think that the salary of a deputy from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation annoys people less than the salary of a deputy from other parties. Understand that the voter is annoyed not by the deputy's belonging to one party or another, but by the monstrous material stratification between voters and "servants of the people." And therefore, the not sickly salary of the deputies, including those from the Communist Party, allows the voters to say: “And why are you, the Communists, better than the edross?”
But there is still a special group of people in Russia - the oligarchs. In 2016, the wealth of 200 Russian oligarchs increased by $100 billion and now reaches $460 billion. Of these, the most-most (in dollars): Leonid Mikhelson - 18.4, Alexei Mordashev - 17.5, Vladimir Lisin - 16.1, Gennady Timchenko - 16.0, Alisher Usmanov - 15.2. And when this elite keeps their fortunes in American banks, then you still need to figure out whose elite it is?
But the paradox of Russia is that in our resource-rich country, you see poverty almost everywhere. As a mockery of the people, the subsistence minimum for the able-bodied population was set at 10,446 rubles per month and the minimum wage was legally approved in the amount of 7,500 rubles. Even Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Olga Golodets admitted that it is “practically impossible” to live on such a minimum. And there are about 5 million such people in the country. She called the poverty of working people in Russia "a unique phenomenon."
Authorities explain this paradox by sanctions, crisis, low prices for oil. The people are impoverished, the incomes of the population are falling, and in 2016 alone, the number of dollar billionaires has increased by almost a quarter. But how is it possible that there is no money to maintain schools, hospitals, feldsher stations, libraries, houses of culture, which are now ruthlessly reduced, or, as officials now say, “optimized”, because there is no money for their maintenance, but to grow dollar For some reason, billionaires have money?!
And it is completely incomprehensible: why, both at the federal and regional levels, the government finds funds for a wide variety of purposes - from thoughtless salaries and additional payments to officials and managers to all kinds of projects that people can do without in difficult times. For example, the creation of the Yeltsin Center for 5 billion rubles. But for a real increase in the standard of living ordinary people there is always no money. And at the same time they are accompanied by a wish: “There is no money, but you hold on!”
In a word, 80% of the population of Russia live on kopecks and rubles, and 1.8% - on dollars and euros. At the same time, even according to official data, the ratio of the incomes of the richest 10% of Russian citizens to the incomes of the poorest 10% is 17:1, although, according to many independent experts, this ratio is several times higher. According to the International Labor Organization (ILO), the ratio of the maximum wages managers to wages of other employees in Russia is 26:1. What is the reason for such a striking difference in the incomes of the population of Russia, neither Prime Minister D. Medvedev nor President V. Putin can clearly explain.
And then who can explain to the population of Russia why the people are “fed up” with unemployment, lack of money, the continuous growth of housing and communal services tariffs and prices for everything and everything, an insignificant living wage, the minimum wage, the constant search for a better life? Why did 20 million citizens find themselves in a state of outright poverty?
Or maybe there is no need to look for explanations why Russian society turned out to be so monstrously divided into rich and poor? Maybe you just need to remember from what moment this became possible? Remember when Russia chose this path of development for itself. And not just remember, but also realize your actions before presidential elections in 2018.
Vladimir EMBULAEV
doctor of economic sciences, professor, Vladivostok
In what year - count
In what land - guess
On the pillar path
Seven men got together...
Agreed - and argued:
Who has fun
Feel free in Russia?
Roman said: to the landowner,
Demyan said: to the official,
Luke said: ass.
Fat-bellied merchant! -
Gubin brothers said
Ivan and Mitrodor.
Old man Pahom pushed
And he said, looking at the ground:
noble boyar,
Minister of the State.
And Prov said: to the king...
Lines of the poet familiar from school. And probably that's why they are reliably blurred. And if we ignore the fact that this is a tedious Nekrasov, who had to be crammed? To whom in Russia to live well? At least here, in the Saratov province ...
New landowners
We have no landlords. Since 1917. Not? And whose palaces are in the vicinity of our cities? One of the Moscow real estate sites has already allocated a separate page for the “new landowners”, which lists places “with beautiful landscapes, the absence of restless neighbors and environmentally unfavorable objects. It is in such places that people who are not limited in their means begin to buy land for estates. Sometimes new landowners acquire the former "noble nests", thus making the connection of times. Six months ago, the Ivanovskoye-Kozlovskoye estate, located on the 61st km of Novorizhskoye Highway, was sold (and neither the seller nor the buyer is known). For $10 million, the buyer got a real estate of 11 hectares with a monument of the estate culture of the 18th-19th centuries on the banks of the Istra reservoir, surrounded by a mixed forest, with a three-story modern mansion inscribed in an old architectural ensemble.
In the Saratov region, this type of real estate has not yet become widespread. The former governor Dmitry Ayatskov was called the "landowner" - for his passion for Stolypin and breeding all sorts of exotic things like camels on the ground. But his house in Stolypino, although solid, is very modest by today's standards and much smaller than, for example, the castle of the former deputy of the Saratov City Duma Koftin in Sosenki. What kind of "estate" is there - so, a strong owner, no more. The palaces of our other deputies-businessmen also fall short of the estates of the landlords. No matter how hard the owners try, they look like the houses of the new Russian wealthy or officials, and that's it. Another type of rich people is common in our villages - statistics and government agencies for some reason call them "peasants" or "farmers", although these are real kulaks-capitalists with thousands of hectares of land owned, dozens of pieces of equipment and hundreds of hired laborers. There are such people everywhere, from Novouzensk to the Turks. But they are even further from the landowners than Ayatskov or Koftin. And the real landowners in Russia - Lermontov or Tolstoy in the Moscow region - oh, how difficult life is, they don’t like “white bone” in our villages, especially the “former one”, they harass the president with complaints and slander to the courts.
The same Moscow realtors complain: the circle of “new landlords” is narrow, the rich do not want to buy secluded “family nests”, from where it is more difficult to get to Moscow than from a foreign resort. Now, if there will be small business aviation and private helicopters in Russia, then ... For Saratov, this is apparently also true.
New Russian officials
But we have a lot of these, one might say, a dime a dozen. And most of the mansions along the Ust-Kurdyum direction belong to them. Do officials live well?
By law, they publish income declarations. Our former governor Pavel Ipatov was a very wealthy man. Together with his wife, in 2010 they declared official income for 6 million rubles, three land plots with a total area of 6054 sq. m, two garden plots (3525 sq. m.), two residential buildings (750 with a small sq. m. each), a garden house (almost 83 sq. m.), two apartments (297.2 and 63.4 sq. m.) and three cars - Mercedes, BMW and Lexus. The new governor, Valery Radaev, is a beggar compared to him. He has nothing, no house, no apartment, no cottage, no car. True, my wife has - a plot of 10 acres, a house of 286.5 square meters. m and a Mercedes car. But the total income of the spouses is only 2.8 with a little million per year.
The same is true for ministers. Ipatov's ministers were rich. Deputy Chairman and Chief of Staff Pavel Lysov even showed real estate in Spain. If we draw up a “typical portrait” of the property of the deputy chairman from Pavel Ipatov, then these are several land plots, a house, several apartments, several foreign cars (although some did not have cars at all).
Valery Radaev has more modest ministers. They are mostly former deputies of the regional Duma, so there are also declarations. The young vice-governor Denis Fadeev received an income of 1.7 million rubles last year, his wife - 262.8 thousand rubles. Ownership of an apartment of 80.3 sq. m they share the three of them with a minor child. The lieutenant governor drives a modest Chevrolet Niva. Well, it’s clear - at 30, how can he manage to do it? Andrey Rossoshansky, deputy chairman of the regional government for the social sphere, earned 1.6 million rubles. He owns half of the land for individual construction of 24 acres, a garden plot of eight acres, half of a residential building (409.2 sq. M) and an apartment (161.37 sq. M), a garage. Mr. Rossoshansky's car is a Volvo SX-90. The wife, who earned 169.3 thousand rubles, owns two and one sixth apartments, as well as a Hyundai Getz car. Too modest for today. They do not reach the level of the Ipatovsky deputy chairmen. It is interesting to see what kind of property Radaev's deputies have by the end of his term.
Statistics, of course, is a specific thing, but even it states: in the Saratov region, the average monthly salary of an official (19,165 rubles) is 2.2 times higher than that of an agricultural worker (8,882 rubles) and 1.5 times higher than that of manufacturing worker. 650 Saratov residents can live on the annual income of the richest minister. But “money does not buy happiness”... In 2011, the following were convicted for corruption crimes: the head of the municipality; 2 heads of administrations of municipalities; 3 deputies of local self-government bodies; 3 deputy heads of administrations of municipalities; Deputy Minister for the development of sports, physical culture and tourism of the region.
priests
Now it is fashionable to talk about the luxury of church hierarchs, about “lexus mania” in the Russian Orthodox Church. It is enough to see the photographs of the "patriarch's dacha" in Krasnodar Territory to understand: there is some truth in these conversations. But there is another side - a huge number of parish priests with many children, living on the verge of poverty, huddled with many growing children in strange corners, thousands of destroyed churches throughout Russia, the poverty of parishes in regions remote from Moscow. In the church - as in society: someone lives a satisfying and good life, someone - poor and difficult.
Kupchins are fat-bellied
In Nekrasov's poem, this is still collective image, in modern Russia, it is most consistent with the entrepreneurial class. Naturally, many wealthy Saratov businessmen who are not connected with politics do not want to put their income declarations on public display. But some - having the status of deputies - have to do this. In principle, the picture is not bad. The well-known Balakovo deputy and businessman Mikhail Kiskin declared 1.9 million rubles. income for last year. The deputy is the owner of 11 land plots (from 4312 to 406 sq. m), a house (732.1 sq. m), three apartments (69.7, 44.4 and 45.8 sq. m), four cars (vans " Gazelle and IZH, Chevrolet Viva and KamAZ), two parking lots (267 and 9,417 sq. m.), 4 non-residential buildings (244.3, 39.1, 130 and 78 sq. m.), a boiler house (10 sq. m.). m), 2 non-residential premises (118.7 and 140.8 sq. m), non-residential and residential cafe buildings (10 and 364.2 sq. m).
Deputy and businessman Sergei Kurikhin indicated an income of 47.9 million rubles. Ownership - 7 land plots (from 2.6 thousand to 58.6 thousand square meters), 12 non-residential premises (from 31.5 to 8241.4 square meters), of which 4 - 1/2 share , 3 vehicles (Mercedes Benz S 500, Mercedes Benz cabriolet, VAZ-2109). In use - a plot (993 sq. m) and an apartment (37 sq. m). Builder Leonid Pisnoy indicated an income of 16.1 million rubles. Owns as an owner six non-residential premises (from 10.8 to 166.2 sq. m.), a garden plot (600 sq. m.), an apartment (122 sq. m.), home ownership without registration rights (104 sq. m.), sauna with a garage (30 sq. m.), a garage (30 sq. m.). The deputy indicated 31 cars in the declaration - from the "jeep" to the armored personnel carrier "ganomag". In use - apartment 147.5 sq. m. Zinaida Samsonova earned in 2011 6.9 million rubles. The deputy declared 2 land plots (2298 and 2953 sq. m), part of a residential building (348 sq. m), an apartment (113.4 sq. m) and a parking garage (16.1 sq. m). All - on the property rights. The income of Vladimir Solovyov amounted to 1.9 million rubles. He owns 2 land plots (1.5 thousand (1/2 share) and 1211 sq. m), 2 houses (181.3 (1/2 share) and 207.3 sq. m), two apartments (81 , 2 and 101, 4 sq. m), as well as "a small vehicle R28-38SZ". Viktor Tyukhtin indicated an income of 10.1 million rubles. The deputy owns 2 cars (“Toyota Land Cruiser 100” and “Range Rover”), a house (85 sq.m.) is in use.
Noble boyars, sovereign ministers
Natives of Saratov are also striving for these outstanding posts. But with declarations of income they have different ways. If Vyacheslav Volodin, First Deputy Head of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation, regularly reports on his income, then the former First Vice Speaker of the State Duma, Lyubov Sliska, probably avoids this in every possible way. The media have repeatedly written about the strange absence on the website of the State Duma of her declaration of income and property for 2010, but earlier, during the robbery of her apartment in Moscow, thieves took away valuables worth more than tens of thousands of dollars: for the most part, exclusive products from the best jewelry houses in the world - Chopard , Tiffany, Louvre, Frank Muller. And in Montenegro, cunning journalists (even before the lady left ER) found an apartment of 76 sq. m, the names of the two owners of which completely coincide with the names of Lyubov Sliska and her brother Sergei.
King?
Against the backdrop of the Saratov "fat-bellied merchants," the head of Russia looks modest in terms of property. According to the declaration of income of Vladimir Putin for 2010, he earned only 5.04 million rubles, his wife Lyudmila - 146 thousand rubles. Owned by the head of state land plot for individual housing construction in the amount of 1500 sq. m and an apartment of 77 sq. m. Also in the perpetual use of Vladimir Putin is an apartment with an area of 153.7 square meters. m; in the list of real estate in the prime minister's declaration, two garages are indicated - 12 and 18 square meters. m. In general, he is much poorer than many of our deputies of the regional Duma.
The Nekrasov peasants did not agree on who should live well in Russia. It is unlikely that we will be able to do this even now. But the same statistics dispassionately testify: the gap between the incomes of 10% of the poorest and 10% of the richest residents of the country is several times higher than the normal and safe levels for the state - 5-7, typical for developed countries Western Europe. In the Russian Federation, according to various estimates, it ranges from 15 to 25, although anything above 10 is considered socially dangerous.
Who lives well in Russia
Nikolay Alekseevich Nekrasov
“Who should live well in Russia” - the final work of Nekrasov, folk epic, which included all the centuries-old experience of peasant life, all the information about the people, collected by the poet "by word" for twenty years.
Nikolay Alekseevich Nekrasov
Who lives well in Russia
PART ONE
In what year - count
In what land - guess
On the pillar path
Seven men came together:
Seven temporarily liable,
tightened province,
County Terpigorev,
empty parish,
From adjacent villages:
Zaplatova, Dyryavina,
Razutova, Znobishina,
Gorelova, Neelova -
Crop failure, too,
Agreed - and argued:
Who has fun
Feel free in Russia?
Roman said: to the landowner,
Demyan said: to the official,
Luke said: ass.
Fat-bellied merchant! -
Gubin brothers said
Ivan and Mitrodor.
Old man Pahom pushed
And he said, looking at the ground:
noble boyar,
Minister of the State.
And Prov said: to the king ...
Man what a bull: vtemyashitsya
In the head what a whim -
Stake her from there
You won’t knock out: they rest,
Everyone is on their own!
Is there such a dispute?
What do passers-by think?
To know that the children found the treasure
And they share...
To each his own
Left the house before noon:
That path led to the forge,
He went to the village of Ivankovo
Call Father Prokofy
Baptize the child.
Pahom honeycombs
Carried to the market in the Great,
And two brothers Gubina
So simple with a halter
Catching a stubborn horse
They went to their own herd.
It's high time for everyone
Return your way -
They are walking side by side!
They walk like they're running
Behind them are gray wolves,
What is further - then sooner.
They go - they perekorya!
They shout - they will not come to their senses!
And time does not wait.
They didn't notice the controversy
As the red sun set
How the evening came.
Probably a whole night
So they went - where not knowing,
When they meet a woman,
Crooked Durandiha,
She did not shout: “Venerable!
Where are you looking at night
Have you thought about going?..”
Asked, laughed
Whipped, witch, gelding
And jumped off...
"Where? .." - exchanged glances
Here are our men
They stand, they are silent, they look down...
The night has long gone
Frequent stars lit up
In high skies
The moon surfaced, the shadows are black
The road was cut
Zealous walkers.
Oh shadows! black shadows!
Who won't you chase?
Who won't you overtake?
Only you, black shadows,
You can not catch - hug!
To the forest, to the path
He looked, was silent Pahom,
I looked - I scattered my mind
And he said at last:
"Well! goblin glorious joke
He played a trick on us!
After all, we are without a little
Thirty miles away!
Home now toss and turn -
We are tired - we will not reach,
Come on, there's nothing to be done.
Let's rest until the sun! .. "
Having dumped the trouble on the devil,
Under the forest along the path
The men sat down.
They lit a fire, formed,
Two ran away for vodka,
And the rest for a while
The glass is made
I pulled the birch bark.
The vodka came soon.
Ripe and snack -
The men are feasting!
Kosushki drank three,
Ate - and argued
Again: who has fun to live,
Feel free in Russia?
Roman shouts: to the landowner,
Demyan shouts: to the official,
Luke yells: ass;
Fat-bellied merchant, -
The Gubin brothers are screaming,
Ivan and Mitrodor;
Pahom shouts: to the brightest
noble boyar,
Minister of the State,
And Prov shouts: to the king!
Taken more than ever
perky men,
Cursing swearing,
No wonder they get stuck
Into each other's hair...
Look - they've got it!
Roman hits Pakhomushka,
Demyan hits Luka.
And two brothers Gubina
They iron Prov hefty, -
And everyone screams!
A booming echo woke up
Went for a walk, a walk,
It went screaming, shouting,
As if to tease
Stubborn men.
King! - heard to the right
Left responds:
Butt! ass! ass!
The whole forest was in turmoil
With flying birds
By swift-footed beasts
And creeping reptiles, -
And a groan, and a roar, and a rumble!
First of all, a gray bunny
From a neighboring bush
Suddenly jumped out, as if tousled,
And off he went!
Behind him are small jackdaws
At the top of the birches raised
Nasty, sharp squeak.
And here at the foam
With fright, a tiny chick
Fell from the nest;
Chirping, crying chiffchaff,
Where is the chick? - will not find!
Then the old cuckoo
I woke up and thought
Someone to cuckoo;
Taken ten times
Yes, it crashed every time
And started again...
Cuckoo, cuckoo, cuckoo!
Bread will sting
You choke on an ear -
You won't poop!
Seven owls flocked,
Admire the carnage
From seven big trees
Laugh, midnighters!
And their eyes are yellow
They burn like burning wax
Fourteen candles!
And the raven, the smart bird,
Ripe, sitting on a tree
At the very fire.
Sitting and praying to hell
To be slammed to death
Someone!
Cow with a bell
What has strayed since the evening
Came to the fire, tired
Eyes on men
I listened to crazy speeches
And began, my heart,
Moo, moo, moo!
Silly cow mooing
Small jackdaws squeak.
The boys are screaming,
And the echo echoes everything.
He has one concern -
To tease honest people
Scare guys and women!
Nobody saw him
And everyone has heard
Without a body - but it lives,
Without a tongue - screaming!
Owl - Zamoskvoretskaya
Princess - immediately mooing,
Flying over peasants
Rushing about the ground,
That about the bushes with a wing ...
The fox herself is cunning,
Out of curiosity,
Sneaked up on the men
I listened, I listened
And she walked away, thinking:
"And the devil does not understand them!"
And indeed: the disputants themselves
Hardly knew, remembered -
What are they talking about...
Naming the sides decently
To each other, come to their senses
Finally, the peasants
Drunk from a puddle
Washed, refreshed
Sleep began to roll them ...
In the meantime, a tiny chick,
Little by little, half a sapling,
flying low,
Got to the fire.
Pakhomushka caught him,
He brought it to the fire, looked at it
And he said: "Little bird,
And the nail is up!
I breathe - you roll off the palm of your hand,
Sneeze - roll into the fire,
I click - you will roll dead,
And yet you, little bird,
Stronger than a man!
Wings will get stronger soon
Bye-bye! wherever you want
You will fly there!
Oh you little pichuga!
Give us your wings
We will circle the whole kingdom,
Let's see, let's see
Let's ask and find out:
Who lives happily
Feel free in Russia?
"You don't even need wings,
If only we had bread
Half a pood a day, -
And so we would Mother Russia
They measured it with their feet!” -
Said the sullen Prov.
"Yes, a bucket of vodka," -
Added willing
Before vodka, the Gubin brothers,
Ivan and Mitrodor.
“Yes, in the morning there would be cucumbers
Salty ten, "-
The men joked.
“And at noon would be a jug
Cold kvass."
"And in the evening for a teapot
Hot tea…”
While they were talking
Curled, whirled foam
Above them: listened to everything
And sat by the fire.
Chiviknula, jumped up
Pahomu says:
"Let go of the chick!
For a little chick
I'll give you a big ransom."
– What will you give? -
"Lady's bread
Half a pood a day
I'll give you a bucket of vodka
In the morning I will give cucumbers,
And at noon sour kvass,
And in the evening a seagull!
- And where,
Page 2 of 11
little pichuga, -
Gubin brothers asked, -
Find wine and bread
Are you on seven men? -
“Find - you will find yourself.
And I, little pichuga,
I'll tell you how to find it."
- Tell! -
"Go through the woods
Against the thirtieth pillar
A straight verst:
Come to the meadow
Standing in that meadow
Two old pines
Beneath these under the pines
Buried box.
Get her -
That box is magical.
It has a self-assembled tablecloth,
Whenever you wish
Eat, drink!
Quietly just say:
"Hey! self-made tablecloth!
Treat the men!”
At your request
At my command
Everything will appear at once.
Now let the chick go!”
- Wait! we are poor people
I'm going on a long road,
Pahom answered her. -
You, I see, are a wise bird,
Respect - old clothes
Bewitch us!
- So that the peasants' Armenians
Worn, not worn! -
Roman demanded.
- To fake bast shoes
Served, did not crash, -
Demyan demanded.
- So that a louse, a foul flea
I didn’t breed in shirts, -
Luke demanded.
- Wouldn’t the onuchenki ... -
Gubins demanded...
And the bird answered them:
"All the tablecloth is self-assembled
Repair, wash, dry
You will be ... Well, let it go! .. "
Opening a wide palm,
He let the chick go.
Let it go - and a tiny chick,
Little by little, half a sapling,
flying low,
Went to the hollow.
Behind him, a foam rose
And on the fly added:
“Look, chur, one!
How much food will take
Womb - then ask
And you can ask for vodka
In day exactly on a bucket.
If you ask more
And one and two - it will be fulfilled
At your request,
And in the third, be in trouble!
And the foam flew away
With my darling chick,
And the men in single file
Reached for the road
Look for the thirtieth pillar.
Found! - silently go
Straight, straight
Through the dense forest,
Every step counts.
And how they measured a mile,
We saw a meadow -
Standing in that meadow
Two old pines...
The peasants dug
Got that box
Opened and found
That tablecloth self-assembled!
They found it and shouted at once:
“Hey, self-assembled tablecloth!
Treat the men!”
Look - the tablecloth unfolded,
Where did they come from
Two strong hands
A bucket of wine was placed
Bread was laid on a mountain
And they hid again.
“But why aren’t there cucumbers?”
"What is not a hot tea?"
“What is there no cold kvass?”
Everything suddenly appeared...
The peasants unbelted
They sat down by the tablecloth.
Went here feast mountain!
Kissing for joy
promise to each other
Forward do not fight in vain,
And it's quite controversial
By reason, by God,
On the honor of the story -
Do not toss and turn in the houses,
Don't see your wives
Not with the little guys
Not with old old people,
As long as the matter is controversial
Solutions will not be found
Until they tell
No matter how it is for sure:
Who lives happily
Feel free in Russia?
Having made such a vow,
In the morning like dead
Men fell asleep...
Chapter I. POP
wide path,
lined with birches,
stretched far,
Sandy and deaf.
Along the side of the path
The hills are coming
With fields, with hayfields,
And more often with inconvenience,
abandoned land;
There are old villages
There are new villages
By the rivers, by the ponds...
Forests, floodplain meadows,
Russian streams and rivers
Good in spring.
But you, spring fields!
On your seedlings are poor
It's not fun to watch!
"No wonder in the long winter
(Our wanderers interpret)
It snowed every day.
Spring has come - the snow has affected!
He is humble for the time being:
Flies - silent, lies - silent,
When he dies, then he roars.
Water - everywhere you look!
The fields are completely flooded
To carry manure - there is no road,
And the time is not early -
The month of May is coming!
Dislike and old,
It hurts more than that for new
Trees for them to look at.
Oh huts, new huts!
You are smart, let it build you
Not an extra penny
And blood trouble!
Wanderers met in the morning
More and more people are small:
His brother is a peasant-bast worker,
Artisans, beggars,
Soldiers, coachmen.
Beggars, soldiers
Strangers didn't ask
How is it easy for them, is it difficult
Lives in Russia?
Soldiers shave with an awl
Soldiers warm themselves with smoke -
What happiness is here?
The day was already drawing to a close,
They go the way,
The pop is coming towards.
The peasants took off their hats.
bow low,
Lined up in a row
And gelding savrasoma
Blocked the way.
The priest raised his head
He looked and asked with his eyes:
What do they want?
“No way! we are not robbers!” -
Luka said to the priest.
(Luke is a squat man,
With a wide beard.
Stubborn, verbose and stupid.
Luka looks like a mill:
One is not a bird mill,
What, no matter how it flaps its wings,
Probably won't fly.)
"We are men of power,
Of the temporary
tightened province,
County Terpigorev,
empty parish,
Roundabout villages:
Zaplatova, Dyryavina,
Razutova, Znobishina,
Gorelova, Neelova -
Crop failure too.
Let's go on something important:
We have a concern
Is it such a concern
Which of the houses survived
With work unfriended us,
Got off food.
You give us the right word
To our peasant speech
Without laughter and without cunning,
According to conscience, according to reason,
Answer truthfully
Not so with your care
We will go to another…”
- I give you the right word:
When you ask a thing
Without laughter and without cunning,
In truth and reason
How should you answer.
"Thanks. Listen!
Walking the path,
We got together casually
They agreed and argued:
Who has fun
Feel free in Russia?
Roman said: to the landowner,
Demyan said: to the official,
And I said: ass.
Fat-bellied merchant, -
Gubin brothers said
Ivan and Mitrodor.
Pahom said: to the brightest
noble boyar,
Minister of the State.
And Prov said: to the king ...
Man what a bull: vtemyashitsya
In the head what a whim -
Stake her from there
You won’t knock out: no matter how they argued,
We did not agree!
Argued - quarreled,
Quarreled - fought,
Podravshis - dressed up:
Don't go apart
Do not toss and turn in the houses,
Don't see your wives
Not with the little guys
Not with old old people,
As long as our dispute
We won't find a solution
Until we get it
Whatever it is - for sure:
Who wants to live happily
Feel free in Russia?
Tell us Godly
Is the priest's life sweet?
You are like - at ease, happily
Do you live, honest father? .. "
Downcast, thinking
Sitting in a cart, pop
And he said: - Orthodox!
It's a sin to grumble at God
Bear my cross with patience
I live ... but how? Listen!
I'll tell you the truth, the truth
And you are a peasant mind
Dare! -
"Begin!"
What is happiness, in your opinion?
Peace, wealth, honor -
Isn't that right, dear ones?
They said yes...
- Now let's see, brethren,
What is the ass peace of mind?
Start, confess, it would be necessary
Almost from birth
How to get a diploma
the priest's son
At what cost popovich
The priesthood is bought
Let's better shut up!
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .Page 3 of 11
. . . . . . . . . .
Our roads are difficult.
We have a large income.
Sick, dying
Born into the world
Do not choose time:
In stubble and haymaking,
In the dead of autumn night
In winter, in severe frosts,
And in the spring flood -
Go where you are called!
You go unconditionally.
And let only the bones
One broke,
Not! every time it gets wet,
The soul will hurt.
Do not believe, Orthodox,
There is a limit to habit.
No heart to endure
Without some trepidation
death rattle,
grave sob,
Orphan sorrow!
Amen!.. Now think.
What is the peace of the ass?..
The peasants thought little
Letting the priest rest
They said with a bow:
"What else can you tell us?"
- Now let's see, brethren,
What is the honor of the priest?
A tricky task
Wouldn't make you angry...
Say, Orthodox
Who do you call
Foal breed?
Chur! respond to demand!
The peasants hesitated.
They are silent - and the pope is silent ...
Who are you afraid to meet?
Walking the way?
Chur! respond to demand!
They groan, shift,
- Who are you talking about?
You are fairy tales,
And obscene songs
And all the bullshit? ..
Mother-popadyu sedate,
Popov's innocent daughter
Seminarian of any -
How do you honor?
Who is after, like a gelding,
Shout: ho-ho-ho? ..
The kids got down
They are silent - and the pope is silent ...
The peasants thought
And pop with a big hat
Waving in my face
Yes, I looked at the sky.
In the spring, that the grandchildren are small,
With the ruddy sun-grandfather
Clouds are playing
Here is the right side
One continuous cloud
Covered - clouded
She froze and cried:
Rows of gray threads
They hung to the ground.
And closer, above the peasants,
From small, torn,
Merry clouds
Laughing red sun
Like a girl from sheaves.
But the cloud has moved
Pop hat is covered -
Be heavy rain.
And the right side
Already bright and joyful
There the rain stops.
Not rain, there is a miracle of God:
There with golden threads
Skeins are scattered…
“Not by themselves ... by parents
We are somehow ... ”- the Gubin brothers
They finally said.
And the others agreed:
“Not by themselves, by their parents!”
And the priest said, “Amen!
Sorry Orthodox!
Not in condemnation of the neighbor,
And at your request
I told you the truth.
Such is the honor of the priest
in the peasantry. And the landowners...
“You are past them, the landowners!
We know them!"
- Now let's see, brethren,
Otkudova wealth
Popovskoe is coming?..
During the near
Russian Empire
Noble estates
It was full.
And the landowners lived there,
eminent owners,
Which are no longer there!
Be fruitful and multiply
And they let us live.
What weddings were played there,
What babies were born
On free bread!
Though often cool,
However, well-meaning
Those were the gentlemen
The parish was not alienated:
They got married with us
Our children were baptized
They came to us to repent,
We buried them
And if it happened
That the landowner lived in the city,
So probably die
He came to the village.
When he dies by accident
And then punish firmly
Bury in the parish.
You look to the rural temple
On the funeral chariot
In six horses heirs
The deceased is being transported -
The ass is a good amendment,
For the laity, a holiday is a holiday ...
And now it's not like that!
Like a Jewish tribe
The landowners scattered
Through a distant foreign land
And in native Russia.
No more pride now
Lie in native possession
Next to fathers, with grandfathers,
And many possessions
They went to the barryshniks.
oh damn bones
Russian, nobility!
Where are you not buried?
What land are you not in?
Then, an article… schismatics…
I'm not sinful, I didn't live
Nothing from the schismatics.
Luckily, there was no need
In my parish is
Living in Orthodoxy
two-thirds of the parishioners.
And there are such volosts
Where almost entirely schismatics,
So how to be an ass?
Everything in the world is changeable
The world itself will pass...
Laws, formerly strict
To the dissenters, softened,
And with them and priestly
Income mat came.
The landlords moved
They don't live in estates.
And die of old age
They don't come to us anymore.
Wealthy landowners
devout old ladies,
who died out
who settled down
Close to monasteries
Nobody is now a cassock
Don't give a pop!
No one will embroider the air ...
Live from the same peasants
Collect worldly hryvnias,
Yes pies on holidays
Yes, eggs oh saint.
The peasant himself needs
And I would be glad to give, but there is nothing ...
And that's not for everyone
And sweet peasant penny.
Our favors are meager,
Sands, swamps, mosses,
The cattle walks from hand to mouth,
Bread itself is born, friend,
And if it gets good
Cheese land-breadwinner,
So a new problem:
Nowhere to go with bread!
Lock in need, sell it
For a real trifle
And there - a crop failure!
Then pay exorbitant prices
Sell the cattle.
Pray Orthodox!
Great disaster threatens
And this year:
Winter was fierce
Spring is rainy
It would be necessary to sow for a long time,
And on the fields - water!
Have mercy, Lord!
Send a cool rainbow
To our skies!
(Taking off his hat, the shepherd is baptized,
And listeners too.)
Our poor villages
And in them the peasants are sick
Yes, sad women
Nurses, drinkers,
Slaves, pilgrims
And eternal workers
Lord give them strength!
With such works pennies
Life is hard!
It happens to the sick
You will come: not dying,
Terrible peasant family
At the moment when she has to
Lose the breadwinner!
You admonish the deceased
And support in the rest
You try your best
The spirit is awake! And here to you
The old woman, the mother of the deceased,
Look, stretching with a bony,
Callused hand.
The soul will turn
How they tinkle in this hand
Two copper coins!
Of course, it's clean
For demanding retribution,
Do not take - so there is nothing to live with.
Yes, a word of comfort
Freeze on the tongue
And as if offended
Go home... Amen...
Finished the speech - and the gelding
Pop lightly slapped.
The peasants parted
They bowed low.
The horse moved slowly.
And six comrades
As if they were talking
Attacked with reproaches
With selected big swearing
On poor Luke:
- What did you take? stubborn head!
Rustic club!
That's where the argument gets in! -
"Nobles bell -
Priests live like princes.
They go under the sky
Popov's tower,
The priest's patrimony is buzzing -
loud bells -
For the whole world of God.
Three years I, robots,
Lived with the priest in the workers,
Raspberry - not life!
Popova porridge - with butter.
Popov pie - with filling,
Popovy cabbage soup - with smelt!
Popov's wife is fat,
Popov's daughter is white,
Popov's horse is fat,
Popov's bee is full,
How the bell tolls!
Page 4 of 11
here's your praise
Pop's life!
Why was he yelling, swaggering?
Climbed into a fight, anathema?
Didn't you think to take
What is a beard with a shovel?
So with a goat beard
Walked the world before
than the forefather Adam,
And it's considered a fool
And now the goat! ..
Luke stood silent,
I was afraid they wouldn't slap
Comrades on the side.
It became so
Yes, fortunately the peasant
The road bent
The priest's face is strict
Appeared on a hillock ...
CHAPTER II. VILLAGE FAIR
No wonder our wanderers
They scolded the wet
Cold spring.
The peasant needs spring
And early and friendly,
And here - even a wolf howl!
The sun does not warm the earth
And rainy clouds
Like milk cows
They go to heaven.
Driven snow, and greenery
No weed, no leaf!
Water is not removed
The earth does not dress
Green bright velvet
And like a dead man without a shroud,
Lies under a cloudy sky
Sad and naked.
Pity the poor peasant
And more sorry for the cattle;
Feeding scarce supplies,
The owner of the twig
Chased her into the meadows
What is there to take? Chernekhonko!
Only on Nicholas of the spring
The weather turned up
Green fresh grass
The cattle enjoyed.
The day is hot. Under the birches
The peasants are making their way
They chat among themselves:
"We're going through one village,
Let's go another - empty!
And today is a holiday
Where did the people disappear to? .. "
They go through the village - on the street
Some guys are small
In the houses - old women,
And even locked up
Castle gates.
The castle is a faithful dog:
Doesn't bark, doesn't bite
He won't let you in the house!
Passed the village, saw
Mirror in green frame
With the edges of a full pond.
Swallows soar over the pond;
Some mosquitoes
Agile and skinny
Hopping, as if on dry land,
They walk on the water.
Along the banks, in the broom,
The corncrakes creak.
On a long, rickety raft
With a roll, the priest is thick
It stands like a plucked haystack,
Tucking the hem.
On the same raft
Sleeping duck with ducklings...
Chu! horse snore!
The peasants looked at once
And they saw over the water
Two heads: a man's.
Curly and swarthy
With an earring (the sun blinked
On that white earring)
Another - horse
With a rope, fathoms at five.
The man takes the rope in his mouth,
The man swims - and the horse swims,
The man neighed, and the horse neighed.
Float, scream! Under the grandmother
Under the little ducks
The raft is moving.
I caught up with the horse - grab it by the withers!
I jumped up and went to the meadow
Child: the body is white,
And the neck is like pitch;
Water flows in streams
From horse and rider.
“And what do you have in the village
Neither old nor small
How did the whole nation die?
- They went to the village of Kuzminskoe,
Today there is a fair
And a temple feast. -
“How far is Kuzminskoe?”
- Yes, it will be three miles.
"Let's go to the village of Kuzminskoye,
Let's watch the holiday-fair! -
The men decided
And they thought to themselves:
Isn't that where he hides?
Who lives happily? .. "
Kuzminsky rich,
And what's more, it's dirty.
Trading village.
It stretches along the slope,
Then it descends into the ravine.
And there again on the hill -
How can there not be dirt here?
Two churches in it are old,
One old believer
Another Orthodox
House with the inscription: school,
Empty, packed tightly
Hut in one window
With the image of a paramedic,
Bleeding.
There is a dirty hotel
Decorated with a sign
(With a big nosed teapot
Tray in the hands of the carrier,
And small cups
Like a goose by goslings,
That kettle is surrounded)
There are permanent shops
Like a county
Gostiny Dvor…
Wanderers came to the square:
A lot of goods
And apparently invisible
To the people! Isn't it fun?
It seems that there is no way of the godfather,
And, as if before the icons,
Men without hats.
Such a sidekick!
Look where they go
Peasant hats:
In addition to the wine warehouse,
Taverns, restaurants,
A dozen damask shops,
Three inns,
Yes, "Rensky cellar",
Yes, a couple of zucchini.
Eleven zucchini
Set for the holiday
Village tents.
With each five trays;
Carriers - youngsters
Trained, poignant,
And they can't keep up with everything
Can't handle surrender!
Look what? stretched out
Peasant hands with hats
With scarves, with mittens.
Oh, Orthodox thirst,
How big are you!
Just to douse the darling,
And there they will get hats,
How will the market go?
By drunken heads
The sun is playing...
Intoxicating, loud, festive,
Variegated, red all around!
The pants on the guys are plush,
striped vests,
Shirts of all colors;
The women are wearing red dresses,
The girls have braids with ribbons,
They float with winches!
And there are still tricks
Dressed in the capital -
And expands and pouts
Hem on hoops!
If you step in - they will undress!
At ease, new fashionistas,
You fishing tackle
Wear under skirts!
Looking at elegant women,
Furious Old Believer
Tovarke says:
"Be hungry! be hungry!
See how the seedlings got wet,
What spring flood
Worth to Petrov!
Ever since the women started
Dress up in red chintzes, -
Forests do not rise
But at least not this bread!
- Why are the chintzes red?
Did you do something wrong here, mother?
I won't put my mind to it! -
“And those French chintzes -
Painted with dog blood!
Well… understand now?…”
They hustled on horseback,
On the hill, where they are piled
Roe deer, rakes, harrows,
Bagry, cart looms,
Rims, axes.
There was a brisk trade
With godfather, with jokes,
With a healthy, loud laugh.
And how not to laugh?
The guy is kinda tiny
I went, I tried rims:
Bent one - do not like it
Bent the other, pushed.
And how will the rim straighten -
A flick on the man's forehead!
A man roars over the rim,
"Elm Club"
Scolds the fighter.
Another came with different
Wooden handicraft -
And dumped the whole cart!
Drunk! The axle is broken
And he began to do it -
The ax is broken! changed my mind
A man with an ax
Scolds him, reproaches him,
As if doing the job:
“You scoundrel, not an ax!
Empty service, don't give a damn
And he did not help.
All your life you bowed
And there was no affection!
Wanderers went to the shops:
Love handkerchiefs,
Ivanovo chintz,
Harnesses, new shoes,
The product of the Kimryaks.
At that shoe store
The strangers laugh again:
Here are the goat's shoes
Grandfather traded for granddaughter
Five times about the price
Page 5 of 11
asked
He turned in his hands, looked around:
First class product!
"Well, uncle! two kopecks
Pay, or get lost!" -
The merchant told him.
- And you wait! – Admire
An old man with a tiny boot
This is how he speaks:
- My son-in-law does not care, and the daughter will be silent,
Sorry granddaughter! hung herself
On the neck, fidget:
“Buy a hotel, grandfather.
Buy it! - silk head
The face tickles, caresses,
Kissing the old man.
Wait, barefoot crawler!
Wait, yule! gantry
Buy boots...
Vavilushka boasted,
Both old and small
Promised gifts,
And he drank himself to a penny!
How I shameless eyes
Will I show my family?
My son-in-law does not care, and my daughter will be silent,
Wife - do not care, let him grumble!
And I’m sorry for the granddaughter! .. - Went again
About granddaughter! Killed!..
The people gathered, listening,
Do not laugh, pity;
Happen, work, bread
He would have been helped
And take out two two-kopeck coins -
So you will be left with nothing.
Yes, there was a man
Pavlusha Veretennikov
(What kind, rank,
The men did not know
However, they were called "master".
He was much more of a baluster,
He wore a red shirt
Cloth undershirt,
Lubricated boots;
He sang Russian songs smoothly
And I loved listening to them.
It was taken down by many
In the inns,
In taverns, in taverns.)
So he rescued Vavila -
I bought him shoes.
Vavilo grabbed them
And he was! - for joy
Thanks even to the bar
Forgot to say old man
But other peasants
So they were disappointed
So happy, like everyone
He gave the ruble!
There was also a shop
With pictures and books
Ofeny stocked up
With your goods in it.
"Do you need generals?" -
The merchant-burner asked them.
“And give the generals!
Yes, only you in conscience,
To be real -
Thicker, more menacing."
“Wonderful! how you look! -
The merchant said with a smile,
It's not about the build…”
- And in what? kidding, friend!
Rubbish, or what, it is desirable to sell?
Where are we going with her?
You're naughty! Before the peasant
All generals are equal
Like cones on a fir tree:
To sell the shabby one,
You need to get to the dock
And fat and formidable
I'll give it to everyone...
Come on big, portly,
Chest uphill, bulging eyes,
yes to more stars!
“But you don’t want civilians?”
- Well, here's another with the civilians! -
(However, they took it - cheap! -
some dignitary
For the belly with a barrel of wine
And for seventeen stars.)
Merchant - with all due respect,
Whatever, that will regale
(From Lubyanka - the first thief!) -
Dropped a hundred Blucher,
Archimandrite Photius,
Robber Sipko,
Sold the book: "Jester Balakirev"
And the "English milord" ...
Put in a box of books
Let's go for a walk portraits
By the kingdom of all Russia,
Until they settle down
In a peasant's summer goreka,
On a low wall...
God knows what for!
Eh! eh! will the time come
When (come, welcome! ..)
Let the peasant understand
What is a portrait of a portrait,
What is a book a book?
When a man is not Blucher
And not my lord stupid -
Belinsky and Gogol
Will you carry it from the market?
Oh people, Russian people!
Orthodox peasants!
Have you ever heard
Are you these names?
Those are great names
Worn them, glorified
Protectors of the people!
Here you would have their portraits
Hang in your boots,
“And I would be glad to heaven, but the door
Such speech breaks
In the shop unexpectedly.
What door do you want? -
“Yes, to the booth. Chu! music!.."
"Come on, I'll show you!" -
Hearing about the farce
Come and our wanderers
Listen, stare.
Comedy with Petrushka,
With a goat with a drummer
And not with a simple hurdy-gurdy,
And with real music
They looked here.
Comedy is not smart
However, not stupid
Wishful, quarterly
Not in the eyebrow, but right in the eye!
The hut is full-full.
People crack nuts
And then two or three peasants
Spread a word -
Look, vodka has appeared:
Look and drink!
Laugh, comfort
And often in a speech to Petrushkin
Insert a well-aimed word
What you can't imagine
At least swallow a pen!
There are such lovers -
How does the comedy end?
They will go for screens,
Kissing, fraternizing
Chatting with musicians:
"From where, well done?"
- And we were masters,
Played for the landowner.
Now we are free people
Who will bring, treat,
He is our master!
“And the thing, dear friends,
Pretty bar you amused,
Cheer up the men!
Hey! small! sweet vodka!
Pouring! tea! half a beer!
Tsimlyansky - live! .. "
And the flooded sea
It will go, more generous than the master's
The kids will be fed.
Not violent winds blow,
Not mother earth sways -
Noise, sing, swear,
sways, rolls,
Fighting and kissing
Holiday people!
The peasants seemed
How did you get to the hillock,
That the whole village is shaking
That even the old church
With a tall bell tower
It shook once or twice! -
Here sober, that naked,
Awkward... Our wanderers
Walked across the square
And left in the evening
Busy village...
CHAPTER III. DRUNK NIGHT
Not a barn, not barns,
Not a tavern, not a mill,
How often in Russia
The village ended low
log building
With iron bars
In small windows.
Behind that milestone building
wide path,
lined with birches,
Opened right here.
Not crowded on weekdays
Sad and quiet
She's not the same now!
All along that lane
And along the roundabout paths,
How far did the eye go
They crawled, they lay, they rode.
Drunk floundering
And there was a groan!
Heavy carts hide,
And like calf's heads
Swinging, swinging
Victory heads
Sleepy men!
People go and fall
As if because of the rollers
Buckshot enemies
Shooting at the men!
The quiet night descends
Already out into the dark sky
Moon, really
Page 6 of 11
writes a letter
Lord of pure gold
Blue on velvet
That wise letter,
Which neither reasonable,
Buzzing! That the sea is blue
Falls silent, rises
Popular rumor.
“And we are fifty kopecks to the clerk:
The request was made
To the head of the province ... "
"Hey! the sack has fallen from the cart!”
“Where are you, Olenushka?
Wait! I'll give you a gingerbread
You are like a nimble flea,
She ate - and jumped.
I didn’t give a stroke! ”
"You are good, royal letter,
Yes, you are not written about us ... "
"Step aside, people!"
(Excise officials
With bells, with plaques
They swept from the market.)
“And I’m to that now:
And the broom is rubbish, Ivan Ilyich,
And walk on the floor
Wherever it sprays!
"God forbid, Parashenka,
You don't go to St. Petersburg!
There are such officials
You are their cook for a day,
And their night is sudarkoy -
So don't care!"
"Where are you jumping, Savvushka?"
(The priest shouts to the sotsky
On horseback, with a government badge.)
- In Kuzminskoye I jump
Behind the station. Opportunity:
There ahead of the peasant
Killed ... - "Eh! .. sins! .."
“You have become thin, Daryushka!”
- Not a spindle, friend!
That's what spins more
It's getting fatter
And I'm like a day-to-day ...
"Hey boy, stupid boy,
tattered, lousy,
Hey love me!
Me, simple-haired,
A drunken woman, an old one,
Zaaa-paaaa-chkanny! .. "
Our peasants are sober,
Looking, listening
They go their own way.
In the very middle of the path
Some guy is quiet
Dug a big hole.
"What are you doing here?"
- And I'm burying my mother! -
"Fool! what a mother!
Look: a new undershirt
You dug into the ground!
Hurry up and grunt
Lie down in the ditch, drink water!
Perhaps, the foolishness will jump off!
"Well, let's stretch!"
Two peasants sit down
Legs rest,
And live, and grieve,
Grunt - stretch on a rolling pin,
Joints are cracking!
Didn't like it on the rock
"Now let's try
Stretch your beard!"
When the order of the beard
Reduced each other
Grabbed cheekbones!
They puff, blush, writhe,
They moo, they squeal, but they stretch!
"Yes, you damned ones!
Don't spill water!"
In the ditch the women quarrel,
One shouts: "Go home
More sickening than hard labor!”
Another: - You're lying, in my house
Better than yours!
My elder brother-in-law broke a rib,
The middle son-in-law stole the ball,
A ball of spit, but the fact is -
Fifty dollars was wrapped in it,
And the younger son-in-law takes everything,
Look, he will kill him, he will kill him! ..
“Well, full, full, dear!
Well, don't be angry! - behind the roller
Heard in the distance. -
I'm okay...let's go!"
Such a bad night!
Is it right, is it left
Look from the road:
Couples go together
Isn't it right to that grove?
Nightingales sing…
The road is crowded
What later is uglier:
More and more often come across
Beaten, crawling
Lying in a layer.
Without swearing, as usual,
Word won't be spoken
Crazy, indecent,
She is the most heard!
The taverns are confused
The leads got mixed up
Frightened horses
They run without riders;
Little children are crying.
Wives and mothers yearn:
Is it easy to drink
Call the men?
Our wanderers are coming
And they see: Veretennikov
(That the goat's shoes
Vavila gave)
Talks with peasants.
Peasants open up
Milyaga likes:
Pavel will praise the song -
They will sing five times, write it down!
Like the proverb -
Write a proverb!
Having recorded enough
Veretennikov told them:
"Smart Russian peasants,
One is not good
What they drink to stupefaction
Falling into ditches, into ditches -
It's a shame to look!"
The peasants listened to that speech,
They agreed with the barin.
Pavlusha something in a book
I already wanted to write.
Yes, the drunk turned up
Man - he is against the master
Lying on his stomach
looked into his eyes,
Was silent - but suddenly
How to jump! Directly to the barin -
Grab the pencil!
- Wait, empty head!
Crazy news, shameless
Don't talk about us!
What did you envy!
What is the fun of the poor
Peasant soul?
We drink a lot in time
And we work more.
We see a lot of drunks
And more sober us.
Did you visit the villages?
Take a bucket of vodka
Let's go to the huts:
In one, in the other they will pile up,
And in the third they will not touch -
We have a drinking family
Non-drinking family!
They don’t drink, and also toil,
It would be better to drink, stupid,
Yes, the conscience is...
It's wonderful to watch how it falls
In such a hut sober
Man's trouble -
And I would not have looked! .. I saw
Russians in the village suffering?
In the pub, what, people?
We have vast fields
And not much generous
Tell me, whose hand
In the spring they will dress
Will they undress in the fall?
Did you meet a man
After work in the evening?
Good mountain on the reaper
Put, ate from a pea:
"Hey! hero! straw
I'll knock you off!"
Sweet peasant food
All century saw iron
Chews, but does not eat!
Yes, the belly is not a mirror,
We don't cry for food...
You work alone
And a little work is over,
Look, there are three equity holders:
God, king and lord!
And there is another destroyer
Fourth, angrier than the Tatar,
So he won't share.
All gobble up one!
We've got third days
The same poor gentleman,
Like you, from near Moscow.
writes songs,
Tell him a proverb
Solve the riddle.
And there was another - inquired,
How much per day do you work
Little by little, a lot
Pieces shove in your mouth?
Another land measures,
Another in the village of inhabitants
Count on fingers
But they didn't count
Because every summer
The fire blows into the wind
Peasant labor?
There is no measure for Russian hops.
Did they measure our grief?
Is there a measure for work?
Wine brings down the peasant
And grief does not bring him down?
Work not falling?
A man does not measure trouble,
Copes with everything
Whatever come.
A man, working, does not think,
What forces will break.
So really over the glass
To think that with too much
Will you fall into a ditch?
And what is shameful to look at you,
How drunks roll
So look, go
Like dragging from a swamp
Peasants have wet hay,
Mowed, dragged:
Where horses can't get through
Where and without a burden on foot
It's dangerous to cross
There is a peasant horde
On the rocks, on the gorges
Crawling crawling with whips -
The peasant's navel is cracking!
Under the sun without hats
In sweat, in dirt up to the top,
Sedge cut,
Swamp reptile midge
Eaten into the blood -
Are we prettier here?
Regret - sorry skillfully,
To the master's measure
Don't kill the peasant!
Not white women are tender,
And we are great people.
In work and in the spree! ..
Every peasant has
The soul is a black cloud -
Angry, formidable - and it would be necessary
Thunders rumble from there,
pouring bloody rains,
And everything ends with wine.
A charm went through the veins -
And kindly laughed
Peasant soul!
No need to mourn here
Look around - rejoice!
Hey guys, hey
Page 7 of 11
young women
They know how to walk!
The bones waved
They roused the darling
And the prowess of the young
They saved the case! ..
The man stood on the roller,
Stamped with bast shoes
And after a moment's silence,
Admiring the fun
Roaring Crowd:
- Hey! you are a peasant kingdom,
Headless, drunk,
Noise - free noise! .. -
"What's your name, old lady?"
- And what? write in a book?
Perhaps there is no need!
Write: "In the village of Basov
Yakim Nagoi lives
He works to death
Drinks half to death!”
The peasants laughed
And they told the barin
What a guy Yakim.
Yakim, poor old man,
Lived once in St. Petersburg,
Yes, he ended up in jail.
I wanted to compete with the merchant!
Like a peeled Velcro,
He returned to his home
And took up the plow.
Since then, it's been roasting for thirty years
On the strip under the sun
Saved under the harrow
From frequent rain
Lives - messes with the plow,
And death will come to Yakimushka -
Like a clod of earth will fall off,
What is dried up on the plow ...
There was a case with him: pictures
He bought his son
Hung them up on the walls
And himself no less than a boy
Loved to look at them.
God's disgrace has come
The village is on fire
And Yakimushka had
accumulated over a century
Ruble thirty-five.
Hurry to take a ruble,
And he first pictures
Began to tear off the wall;
Meanwhile his wife
fiddling with icons
And then the hut collapsed -
So blundered Yakim!
Merged into a lump of tselkoviki,
For that lump they give him
Eleven rubles...
“Oh brother Yakim! not cheap
The pictures are gone!
But in a new hut
Did you hang them up?”
- Hung up - there are new ones, -
Yakim said - and fell silent.
The master looked at the plowman:
The chest is sunken; like a depressed
Stomach; at the eyes, at the mouth
Bends like cracks
On dry ground;
And myself to mother earth
He looks like: a brown neck,
Like a layer cut off with a plow,
brick face,
Hand - tree bark,
And hair is sand.
The peasants noticed
What is not offensive to the master
Yakimov's words
And they agreed
With Yakim: - The word is true:
We need to drink!
We drink - it means we feel the power!
Great sadness will come
How to stop drinking!
Work would not fail
Trouble would not prevail
Hops will not overcome us!
Is not it?
"Yes, God is merciful!"
- Well, have a drink with us!
We got vodka and drank.
Yakim Veretennikov
He raised two scales.
- Hey sir! didn't get angry
Smart head!
(Yakim told him.)
Reasonable little head
How not to understand the peasant?
Do pigs walk on? zemi -
They do not see the sky for centuries! ..
Suddenly the song burst out in chorus
Deleted, consonant:
A dozen or three youngsters
Khmelnenki, not falling down,
They walk side by side, they sing,
They sing about Mother Volga,
About the prowess of the youth,
About girlish beauty.
The whole road was quiet
That one song is foldable
Wide, freely rolling,
As rye spreads under the wind,
According to the heart of the peasant
Goes with fire-longing! ..
To the song of that remote
Thinking, crying
Youth alone:
“My age is like a day without the sun,
My age is like a night without a month,
And I, baby,
What a greyhound horse on a leash,
What is a swallow without wings!
My old husband, jealous husband,
Drunk drunk, snoring snoring,
Me, baby,
And sleepy guards!
So the young woman cried
Yes, she suddenly jumped off the cart!
"Where?" shouts the jealous husband,
I got up - and a woman for a braid,
Like a radish for a tuft!
Ouch! night, night drunk!
Not bright, but stellar
Not hot, but with affectionate
Spring breeze!
And our good fellows
You didn't pass for nothing!
They were sad for their wives,
It's true: with his wife
Now it would be more fun!
Ivan shouts: "I want to sleep,"
And Maryushka: - And I'm with you! -
Ivan shouts: "The bed is narrow,"
And Maryushka: - Let's settle down! -
Ivan shouts: "Oh, it's cold,"
And Maryushka: - Let's get warm! -
How do you remember that song?
Without a word - agreed
Try your chest.
One, why God knows
Between field and road
The dense linden has grown.
Wanderers sat under it
And they said carefully:
"Hey! self-assembled tablecloth,
Treat the men!”
And the tablecloth unrolled
Where did they come from
Two hefty hands:
A bucket of wine was placed
Bread was laid on a mountain
And they hid again.
The peasants fortified themselves.
A novel for a sentry
Left by the bucket
Others intervened
In the crowd - look for a happy one:
They strongly wanted
Get home soon...
CHAPTER IV. HAPPY
In the loud, festive crowd
Strangers wandered around
Called the call:
"Hey! is there no happy place?
Appear! When it turns out
that you live happily
We have a bucket ready:
Drink as much as you like -
We will treat you to glory! .. "
Such speeches unheard
Sober people laughed
And drunk and smart
Almost spat in the beard
Zealous screamers.
However, hunters
Take a sip of free wine
Found enough.
When the wanderers returned
Under the linden, calling the call,
People surrounded them.
The deacon, fired, came
Skinny, like a sulfur match,
And loosened the fringes,
That happiness is not in pastures,
Not in sables, not in gold,
Not in expensive stones.
"And in what?"
- In kindness!
There are limits to possessions
Lords, nobles, kings of the earth,
And wise possession -
The whole garden of Christ!
When the sun warms
Let me skip the pigtail
So I'm happy! -
"Where can you get a pigtail?"
- Yes, you promised to give ...
"Get out! you're joking!.."
An old woman came
speckled, one-eyed,
And announced, bowing,
What makes her happy:
What does she have in autumn
Born rap to a thousand
On a small ridge.
- Such a large turnip,
This turnip is delicious.
And the whole ridge is three sazhens,
And across - arshin! -
They laughed at the grandmother
And they didn’t give a drop of vodka:
“Drink at home, old one,
Eat that turnip!”
A soldier came with medals
A little alive, but I want to drink:
- I'm happy! - He speaks.
"Well, open up, old lady,
What is the happiness of a soldier?
Don't hide, look!"
- And in the first place, happiness,
What in twenty battles
I was, not killed!
And secondly, more importantly,
Me and during peacetime
Walked neither full nor hungry,
And death did not give!
And thirdly - for faults,
Great and small
Mercilessly I beat with sticks,
And at least feel it - it's alive!
"On the! drink, servant!
There is nothing to argue with you:
You are happy - there is no word!
Came with a heavy hammer
Olonchanin stonemason,
Shouldered, young:
- And I live - I do not complain, -
He said, - with his wife, with his mother
We do not know the need!
"Yes, what is your happiness?"
- But look (and with a hammer,
Like a feather, waved):
When I wake up to the sun
Let me unwind at midnight
So I will crush the mountain!
It happened, I do not brag
chipping stones
A day for five silver!
Pahom raised "happiness"
And, grunting decently,
Give the worker:
“Well, weighty! but will not
Carry with this happiness
Under old age is it hard? .. "
- Look, do not brag about your strength, -
Said the man with shortness of breath,
Relaxed, thin
(The nose is sharp, like a dead one,
Skinny hands like a rake
Like the spokes of the legs are long,
Not a man - a mosquito). -
I was no worse than a bricklayer
Yes, he also boasted of strength,
So God punished!
I realized
Page 8 of 11
contractor, beast,
What a simple kid,
Taught me to praise
And I'm foolishly happy
I work for four!
One day I wear a good
I laid bricks.
And here it is, damned,
And apply a hard one:
"What is it? - He speaks. -
I don't recognize Tryphon!
To go with such a burden
Aren't you ashamed young man?
- And if it seems a little,
Add by the master's hand! -
I said, angry.
Well, with half an hour, I think
I waited, and he laid,
And planted, scoundrel!
I hear myself - a terrible craving,
I didn't want to back away.
And brought that damn burden
I'm on the second floor!
The contractor looks, marvels,
Screaming, scoundrel, from there:
“Ah well done, Trofim!
You don't know what you did
You took down one at the extreme
Fourteen pounds!
Oh, I know! hammer heart
Knocking in the chest, bloody
There are circles in the eyes
The back looks like it's cracked...
Trembling, weak legs.
I've been dying since then! ..
Pour, brother, half a cup!
“Pour? But where is the happiness?
We will treat the happy
And what did you say!”
- Listen! there will be happiness!
“Yes, in what, speak!”
- And here's what. me at home,
Like every peasant
I wanted to die.
From St. Petersburg, relaxed,
Crazy, almost without memory,
I got into the car.
Well, here we go.
In the car - feverish,
hot workers
We got a lot
Everyone wanted one
How do I: get to my homeland,
To die at home.
However, you need happiness
And then: we drove in the summer,
In the heat, in the heat
Many are confused
Completely sick heads
In the car hell went:
He groans, he rides,
Like a catechumen, by gender,
He raves about his wife, mother.
Well, at the nearest station
Down with this!
I looked at my comrades
I myself was on fire, I thought -
Bad for me too.
Crimson circles in the eyes,
And everything seems to me, brother,
That I cut peuns!
(We are also peuniatniks,
Happened to fatten a year
Up to a thousand goiters.)
Where do you remember, damned!
I have tried to pray
Not! everyone is going crazy!
Will you believe? the whole party
Trembling before me!
Larynx cut,
The blood is gushing, but they sing!
And I with a knife: “Yes, you are full!”
How the Lord has mercy
Why didn't I scream?
I sit, I strengthen myself ... fortunately,
The day is over, and by the evening
It's cold, sorry
God over orphans!
Well, that's how we got there.
And I made it home
Here, by the grace of God,
And it became easier for me ...
- What are you bragging about?
With your manly happiness? -
Screaming broken to his feet
Yard man. -
And you treat me:
I'm happy, God knows!
At the first boyar,
At Prince Peremetiev,
I was a favorite slave.
Wife is a beloved servant
And the daughter, along with the young lady
Studied French too
And every language
She was allowed to sit
In the presence of the princess...
Ouch! how prickly! .. fathers! .. -
(And started the right foot
rub palms.)
The peasants laughed.
- Why are you laughing, stupid -
Angered unexpectedly,
The doorman screamed. -
I'm sick, but can I tell you
What do I pray to the Lord?
Getting up and lying down?
I pray: "Let me, Lord,
my honorable illness,
According to her, I am a nobleman!
Not your vile sickness,
Not hoarseness, not a hernia -
noble disease,
What only happens
From the first persons in the empire,
I'm sick man!
Yes, the game is called!
To get it -
Champagne, Burgundy,
Tokay, Hungarian
You have to drink for thirty years ...
Behind the chair at the brightest
At Prince Peremetyev's
I stood for forty years
With French best truffle
I licked the plates
Foreign drinks
Drinking from glasses...
Well, pour it! -
"Get out!
We have peasant wine,
Simple, not overseas -
Not on your lips!
Yellow-haired, hunched,
Crept up timidly to the wanderers
Belarusian peasant,
It also reaches for vodka:
- Pour me a manenichko too,
I'm happy! - He speaks.
“And you don’t go with your hands!
Report, prove
First, how happy are you?
- And our happiness is in bread:
I am at home in Belarus
With chaff, with a bonfire
Chewed barley bread;
Like a woman in labor you writhe
How to grab the bellies.
And now, by the grace of God! -
Filled with Gubonin
Give rye bread
I chew - I do not wait! -
Came some cloudy
A man with a twisted cheekbone,
Everything looks to the right:
- I go after bears.
And my happiness is great:
Three of my comrades
Bears broke,
And I live, God is merciful!
“Well, look to the left?”
I did not look, no matter how I tried,
What scary faces
The man writhed:
- The bear turned me
Manenichko cheekbone! -
“And you measure yourself with another,
Give her your right cheek
Correct ... "- Laughed,
However, they brought it up.
ragged beggars,
Hearing the smell of foam,
And they came to prove
How happy they are
- We have a shopkeeper on the doorstep
Meets with alms
And we will enter the house, so from the house
Escorted to the gate...
Let's sing a little song
The hostess runs to the window
With edge, with a knife,
And we are pouring:
“Come on give - the whole loaf,
Doesn't wrinkle or crumble
Hurry for you, but we argue ... "
Our wanderers have realized
That they spent vodka for nothing,
By the way, and a bucket
End. “Well, it will be with you!
Hey, happiness man!
Leaky with patches
Humpbacked with calluses
Get off home!"
- And you, dear friends,
Ask Ermila Girin, -
He said, sitting down with strangers,
Villages of Dymoglotov
Peasant Fedosey. -
If Yermil does not help out,
Lucky will not be declared
So there is nothing to stumble...
“And who is Yermil?
Is it a prince, a noble count?
- Not a prince, not an illustrious count,
But he's just a man!
"You speak smarter,
Sit down and we'll listen
What is Ermil?
- And here's one: an orphan
Yermilo kept the mill
On Unzha. By court
Decided to sell the mill:
Yermilo came with others
To the auction house.
Empty buyers
They fell off quickly.
One merchant Altynnikov
He entered into battle with Yermil,
Do not lag behind, traded,
He puts on a penny.
Yermilo how angry -
Grab five rubles at once!
The merchant again a pretty penny,
They went to battle;
The merchant with his penny,
And that one with his ruble!
Altynnikov could not resist!
Yes, an opportunity came out here:
Immediately began to demand
The makings of the third part,
And the third part - up to a thousand.
There was no money with Yermil,
Did he himself screw up
Did the clerks cheat
And it turned out to be rubbish!
Altynnikov cheered up:
“My, it turns out, a mill!”
"Not! Ermil says
Approaches the chairman. -
Can't your grace
Intervene for half an hour?
What will you do in half an hour?
"I'll bring the money!"
- Where can you find it? Are you in your mind?
Thirty-five versts to the mill,
And an hour later the presence
The end, my dear!
“So, will you allow half an hour?”
“Maybe we’ll skip the hour!” -
Yermil went; clerks
exchanged glances with the merchant,
Laugh, scoundrels!
To the market square
Yermilo came (in the city
That market day was
He stood on a cart, we see: he is baptized,
On all four sides
Shouts: “Hey, good people!
Shut up, listen
I'll tell you a word!"
The crowded square has become silent,
And then Ermil about the mill
He told the people:
"For a long time the merchant Altynnikov
Wooed to the mill
I didn't make a mistake either
Five times consulted in the city,
They said with
Page 9 of 11
rebidding
Bidding has been scheduled.
Nothing to do, you know
Carry the treasury to the peasant
Country road is not a hand:
I came without a penny
But look - they pissed off
Without rebidding bargaining!
Vile souls cheated
Yes, and non-Christs laugh:
“What are you going to do about the hour?
Where will you find money?
Maybe I'll find it, God bless!
Cunning, strong clerks,
And their world is stronger
The merchant Altynnikov is rich,
And he can't resist
Against the worldly treasury -
Her like a fish from the sea
To catch a century is not to catch.
Well, brothers! God sees
Sharing that Friday!
The mill is not dear to me,
The insult is great!
If you know Yermila
If you believe Yermil,
So help me out, eh! .. "
And a miracle happened:
All over the marketplace
Every peasant has
Like the wind, half left
It turned over suddenly!
The peasantry forked out
They bring money to Yermil,
They give who is rich.
Yermilo is a literate guy,
Put on a full hat
Tselkovikov, Lobanchikov,
Burnt, beaten, ragged
Peasant banknotes.
Yermilo took - did not disdain
And a copper nugget.
Still, he would begin to disdain,
When I got here
Other hryvnia copper
More than a hundred rubles!
The sum has already been fulfilled
And the generosity of the people
Grew up: - Take it, Ermil Ilyich,
Give it up, it won't disappear! -
Yermil bowed to the people
On all four sides
He went into the ward with a hat,
Keeping the treasury in it.
The clerks were surprised,
Altynnikov turned green,
How he is full of the whole thousand
They put it on the table!
Not a wolf's tooth, so a fox's tail, -
Went to bustle clerks,
Congratulations on your purchase!
Yes, Ermil Ilyich is not like that,
Didn't say too much.
I didn't give them a penny!
Look the whole city came together
As on market day, Friday,
After a week of time
Yermil on the same square
The people counted.
Remember where everyone is?
At that time it was done
In a fever, in a hurry!
However, there were no disputes
And give a penny extra
Ermil did not have to.
Also, he himself said
An extra ruble, whose God knows!
Stayed with him.
All day with a purse open
Yermil walked and inquired:
Whose ruble? didn't find it.
The sun has already set
When from the marketplace
Yermil was the last to move,
Giving that ruble to the blind...
So this is what Ermil Ilyich is like. -
“Wonderful! the strangers said. -
However, it is desirable to know
What sorcery
A man over the whole neighborhood
Have you taken that kind of power?
- Not witchcraft, but truth.
Heard about Hell
Yurlov prince patrimony?
"Heard, so what?"
- It has a general manager
There was a gendarme corps
Colonel with a star
With him five or six assistants,
And our Yermilo is a clerk
Was in the office.
Twenty years old was small,
What is the will of the clerk?
However, for the peasant
And the clerk is a man.
You approach him first,
And he will advise
And he will provide information;
Where there is enough strength - will help out,
Don't ask for gratitude
And if you give it, you won't take it!
A bad conscience is needed -
Peasant from peasant
Extort a penny.
In this way, the whole estate
At the age of five, Ermila Girina
Got to know well
And then they kicked him out...
They felt sorry for Girin,
It was difficult to new
Grabber, get used to,
However, there is nothing to do
Fitted in time
And to the new scribe.
He is not a line without a triplet,
Not a word without a seventh worker,
Burnt, from kuteynikov -
And God told him!
However, by the will of God,
He reigned for a short time,
The old prince died
The young prince came
Chased that colonel out.
Chased away his assistant
He drove the whole office
And he ordered us from the patrimony
Choose a Burmese.
Well, we didn't think long
Six thousand souls, all fiefdom
We shout: - Yermila Girin! -
How one man!
They call Yermila to the master.
Talking to a peasant
From the balcony the prince shouts:
“Well, brothers! be your way.
My princely seal
Your choice is approved:
The man is agile, literate,
I’ll say one thing: aren’t you young? .. "
And we: - There is no need, father,
And young, but smart! -
Yermilo went to reign
Over the whole prince's patrimony,
And he reigned!
At seven years of a worldly penny
Didn't squeeze under the nail
At the age of seven, he did not touch the right one,
Did not allow the guilty.
I didn’t bend my heart…
Stop! - shouted reproachfully
Some gray-haired priest
Narrator. - You're wrong!
The harrow went straight
Yes, suddenly waved to the side -
Hit a rock with a tooth!
When I started to tell
So don't throw away the words
From the song: or wanderers
Are you telling a fairy tale?
I knew Ermila Girin ... "
“But I didn’t know?”
We were one estate,
of the same parish,
Yes, we have been transferred...
“And if you knew Girin,
So I knew brother Mitrius,
Think, my friend."
The narrator became thoughtful
And, after a pause, he said:
- I lied: the word is superfluous
It went off the rails!
There was a case, and Yermil-man
Gone Crazy: From Recruitment
Little brother Mitrius
He improved.
We are silent: there is nothing to argue,
The master of the elder's brother himself
Would not order to shave
One Nenila Vlasyev
Weeping bitterly for her son
Shouts: it's not our turn!
Known to have screamed
Yes, I would leave with that.
So what? Ermil himself,
Done with recruiting
Became sad, sad,
Doesn't drink, doesn't eat: that's the end
What's in the stall with a rope
Stopped by his father.
Here the son repented to his father:
“Since the son of Vlasyevna
I put it out of line
The white light is disgusting to me!”
And he reaches for the rope.
They tried to persuade
His father and brother
He is all the same: “I am a criminal!
The villain! tie my hands
Take me to court!"
So that it doesn't get worse
Father tied the heart,
Posted a guard.
The world has come together, making noise, clamoring,
Such a wonderful thing
never had to
Neither see nor decide.
Ermilov family
That's not what they were trying to do
So that we can reconcile them
And judge more strictly -
Return the boy to Vlasyevna,
Otherwise Yermil will hang himself,
You can't look after him!
Yermil Ilyich himself came,
Barefoot, thin, with stocks,
With rope in hand
He came and said: "It was time,
I judged you according to your conscience,
Now I myself am more sinful than you:
Judge me!"
And bowed at our feet.
Neither give nor take holy fool,
Stands, sighs, crosses himself,
We were sorry to see
As he is in front of the old woman,
Before Nenila Vlasyeva,
Suddenly fell on his knees!
Well, things worked out
With a strong lord
Everywhere hand; Vlasyevna's son
He returned, handed over Mitriy,
Yes, they say, and Mitriya
It's easy to serve
The prince himself takes care of him.
And for the fault with Girin
We have fined:
Penalty money recruit,
A small part of Vlasyevna,
Part of the world for wine...
However, after that
Yermil did not soon cope,
I've been walking like crazy for a year.
No matter how the patrimony asked,
Resigned from office
Rented that mill
And he became thicker than before
All the people love:
I took it for a prayer in good conscience.
Didn't stop the people
clerk, manager,
Wealthy landowners
And the poorest men
All queues obeyed
The order was strict!
I myself am in that province
Haven't been in a while
And I heard about Yermila,
People don't brag about them.
You go to him.
- In vain you pass, -
Said once arguing
Grey-haired pop. -
I knew Ermila, Girin,
I ended up in that province
Five years ago
(I traveled a lot in my life,
Our Grace
translate priests
Loved)… With Ermila Girin
We were neighbors.
Yes! there was only one man!
He had everything he needed
For happiness: and peace,
And money and honor
Honor enviable, true,
Not purchased either
Page 10 of 11
money,
Not fear: strict truth,
Mind and kindness!
Yes, I repeat to you
In vain you pass
He sits in jail...
"How so?"
- And the will of God!
Have any of you heard
How the patrimony rebelled
Landowner Obrubkov,
frightened province,
County Nedykhaniev,
The village of Stolbnyaki?..
How to write about fires
In the newspapers (I read them):
"remained unknown
Reason" - and here:
So far unknown
Neither the zemstvo police officer,
Nor the higher government
Not tetanus themselves,
What happened to the occasion.
And it turned out to be rubbish.
It took a military.
The Sovereign himself sent
He spoke to the people
That curse will try
And shoulders with epaulettes
Raise high
That kindness will try
And chest with royal crosses
In all four directions
Will start turning.
Yes, the scolding was superfluous here,
And the caress is incomprehensible:
Orthodox peasantry!
Mother Russia! king-father!
And nothing more!
Having beaten enough
They wanted the soldiers
Command: fall!
Yes to the parish clerk
A happy thought came here
It's about Yermila Girin
The chief said:
- The people will believe Girin,
The people will listen to him ... -
"Call him alive!"
…………………………….
Suddenly a cry: “Ai, ai! have mercy!"
Breaking out unexpectedly
Disrupted the priest's speech
Everyone rushed to look:
At the road roller
They flog a drunken lackey -
Caught stealing!
Where he is caught, here is his judgment:
Three dozen judges met
We decided to give a vine,
And everyone gave a vine!
The footman jumped up and, spanking
skinny shoemakers,
Without a word, he gave cravings.
“Look, he ran like a disheveled one! -
Our strangers joked
Recognizing in him a baluster,
that boasted of some
Read this book in its entirety by purchasing the full legal version (http://www.litres.ru/nikolay-nekrasov/komu-na-rusi-zhit-horosho/?lfrom=279785000) on LitRes.
Notes
Kosushka is an old measure of liquid, approximately 0.31 liters.
The cuckoo ceases to crow when the bread is scorched ("choking on an ear," the people say).
Poemnye meadows - located in the floodplain of the river. When the river that flooded them during the flood subsided, a layer of natural fertilizers remained on the soil, which is why tall grasses rose here. Such meadows were especially valued.
This refers to the fact that until 1869 a graduate of the seminary could receive a parish only if he married the daughter of a priest who left his parish. It was believed that in this way the "purity of the estate" was maintained.
The parish is an association of believers.
The schismatics are opponents of the reforms of Patriarch Nikon (XVII century).
Parishioners are regular visitors to the parish.
Mat - zd.: the end. Checkmate is the end of a game of chess.
Air - embroidered bedspreads made of velvet, brocade or silk, used in the performance of church rites.
Sam is the first part of invariable complex adjectives with ordinal or quantitative numbers, with the meaning "so many times more." Bread itself is a friend - a crop twice as large as the amount of grain sown.
Cool rainbow - to the bucket; sloping - to the rain.
Pyatak is a copper coin worth 5 kopecks.
Treba - "the administration of a sacrament or a sacred rite" (V.I. Dal).
Smelt - cheap small fish, lake smelt.
Anathema is a church curse.
Yarmonka - i.e. fair.
Spring Nikola is a religious holiday celebrated on May 9 according to the old style (May 22 according to the new style).
Procession - a solemn procession of believers with crosses, icons, banners.
Shlyk - “hat, hat, cap, cap” (V.I. Dal).
A tavern is “a drinking house, a place for selling vodka, sometimes also beer and honey” (V.I. Dal).
A tent is a temporary space for trade, usually a light frame covered with canvas, later with tarpaulin.
French chintz - crimson calico, usually dyed using madder, a dye from the roots of a herbaceous perennial plant.
Equestrian - part of the fair, where horses were traded.
A roe deer is a type of heavy plow or a light plow with one share, which rolled the earth in only one direction. In Russia, roe deer were usually used in the northeastern regions.
Cart machine - the main part of a four-wheeled cart, cart. It holds the body, wheels and axles.
Harness - part of the harness, fitting the sides and croup of the horse, usually leather.
Kimryaks are residents of the city of Kimry. At the time of Nekrasov, it was a large village, 55% of the inhabitants of which were shoemakers.
Ofenya is a peddler, “a petty trader peddling and carting around small towns, villages, villages, with books, paper, silk, needles, cheese and sausage, with earrings and rings” (V.I. Dal).
Doka is “a master of his craft” (V.I. Dal).
Those. more orders.
Those. not military, but civilian (then - civilian).
A dignitary is a high-level official.
Lubyanka - street and square in Moscow, in the XIX century. wholesale center for popular prints and books.
Blucher Gebhard Leberecht - Prussian general, commander-in-chief of the Prussian-Saxon army, which decided the outcome of the battle of Waterloo and defeated Napoleon. Military successes made the name of Blucher very popular in Russia.
Archimandrite Photius - in the world Pyotr Nikitich Spassky, leader of the Russian church in the 20s. XIX century, repeatedly joked in the epigrams of A.S. Pushkin, for example, “Fotiy's conversation with gr. Orlova", "On Photius".
The robber Sipko is an adventurer who pretended to be different people, incl. for retired captain I.A. Sipko. In 1860, his trial attracted a lot of public attention.
"Jester Balakirev" - a popular collection of jokes: "Balakirev's complete collection of jokes of a jester who was at the court of Peter the Great."
“The English Milord” is the most popular work of the 18th century writer Matvey Komarov “The Tale of the Adventures of the English Milord George and his Brandenburg Mark-Countess Frederick Louise”.
Goat - this is how an actor was called in the folk theater-booth, on whose head a goat's head made of burlap was fixed.
Drummer - drumming at performances attracted the public.
Riga - a sheaf drying and threshing shed (with a roof, but almost no walls).
A fifty-kopeck coin is a coin worth 50 kopecks.
Royal letter - royal letter.
Excise is a type of tax on consumer goods.
Sudarka is a mistress.
Sotsky - elected from the peasants, who performed police functions.
The spindle is a hand tool for yarn.
Tat - "thief, predator, kidnapper" (V.I. Dal).
Kocha is a form of the word "bump" in the Yaroslavl-Kostroma dialect.
Zazhorina - snowy water in a pit along the road.
Scourge - in the northern dialects - a large tall basket.
Pastures - in the Tambov-Ryazan dialects - meadows, pastures; in Arkhangelsk - belongings,
Page 11 of 11
property.
Compassion is a state of mind that disposes to mercy, goodness, goodness.
Vertograd Christov is synonymous with paradise.
Arshin is an old Russian measure of length, equal to 0.71 m.
Olonchanin - a resident of the Olonets province.
Peun is a rooster.
Peunyatnik - a person who feeds roosters for sale.
Truffle is a mushroom that grows underground. The French black truffle was especially highly valued.
Bonfire - lignified parts of the stems of flax, hemp, etc.
End of introductory segment.
Text provided by LitRes LLC.
Read this book in its entirety by purchasing the full legal version on LitRes.
You can safely pay for the book with a Visa, MasterCard, Maestro bank card, from a mobile phone account, from a payment terminal, in an MTS or Svyaznoy salon, via PayPal, WebMoney, Yandex.Money, QIWI Wallet, bonus cards or another method convenient for you.
Here is an excerpt from the book.
Only part of the text is open for free reading (restriction of the copyright holder). If you liked the book, the full text can be obtained from our partner's website.
Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" tells about the journey of seven peasants across Russia in search of happy person. The work was written in the late 60's - mid 70's. XIX century, after the reforms of Alexander II and the abolition of serfdom. It tells about a post-reform society in which not only many old vices have not disappeared, but many new ones have appeared. According to the plan of Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov, the wanderers were supposed to reach St. Petersburg at the end of the journey, but due to the illness and imminent death of the author, the poem remained unfinished.
The work “To whom it is good to live in Russia” is written in blank verse and stylized as Russian folk tales. We suggest reading the online summary of “Who Lives Well in Russia” by Nekrasov chapter by chapter, prepared by the editors of our portal.
main characters
Novel, Demyan, Luke, Gubin brothers Ivan and Mitrodor, Pahom, Prov- seven peasants who went to look for a happy man.
Other characters
Ermil Girin- the first "candidate" for the title of lucky man, an honest steward, very respected by the peasants.
Matryona Korchagina(Governor) - a peasant woman who is known in her village as a "lucky woman".
Savely- husband's grandfather Matryona Korchagina. Centennial old man.
Prince Utyatin(Last child) - an old landowner, a tyrant, to whom his family, in collusion with the peasants, does not speak about the abolition of serfdom.
Vlas- a peasant, steward of the village, once owned by Utyatin.
Grisha Dobrosklonov- a seminarian, the son of a deacon, dreaming of the liberation of the Russian people; the revolutionary democrat N. Dobrolyubov was the prototype.
Part 1
Prologue
Seven men converge on the "pillar path": Roman, Demyan, Luka, the Gubin brothers (Ivan and Mitrodor), the old man Pakhom and Prov. The county from which they come is called by the author Terpigorev, and the “adjacent villages” from which the peasants come are referred to as Zaplatovo, Dyryaevo, Razutovo, Znobishino, Gorelovo, Neyolovo and Neurozhayko, thus, the poem uses the artistic device of “talking” names .
The men got together and argued:
Who has fun
Feel free in Russia?
Each of them insists on his own. One shouts that the landowner lives most freely, the other that the official, the third - the priest, "fat-bellied merchant", "noble boyar, minister of the sovereign", or the tsar.
From the outside, it seems that the men found a treasure on the road and are now dividing it among themselves. The peasants have already forgotten what business they left the house for (one went to baptize a child, the other to the market ...), and they go no one knows where until night falls. Only here the peasants stop and, "blaming the trouble on the goblin", sit down to rest and continue the argument. Soon it comes to a fight.
Roman hits Pakhomushka,
Demyan hits Luka.
The fight alarmed the whole forest, the echo woke up, the animals and birds got worried, the cow mooed, the cuckoo forged, the jackdaws squeaked, the fox, eavesdropping on the peasants, decides to run away.
And here at the foam
With fright, a tiny chick
Fell from the nest.
When the fight is over, the men pay attention to this chick and catch it. It is easier for a bird than for a peasant, Pahom says. If he had wings, he would fly all over Russia to find out who lives best on it. “We don’t even need wings,” the rest add, they would only have bread and “a bucket of vodka,” as well as cucumbers, kvass and tea. Then they would have measured the whole "Mother Russia with their feet."
While the men are interpreting in this way, a chiffchaff flies up to them and asks to let her chick go free. For him, she will give a royal ransom: everything desired by the peasants.
The men agree, and the chiffchaff shows them a place in the forest where a box with a self-assembled tablecloth is buried. Then she enchants clothes on them so that they do not wear out, so that the bast shoes do not break, the footcloths do not decay, and the louse does not breed on the body, and flies away "with her dear chick." In parting, the warbler warns the peasants: they can ask for food from the self-collection tablecloth as much as they like, but you can’t ask for more than a bucket of vodka a day:
And one and two - it will be fulfilled
At your request,
And in the third be trouble!
The peasants rush to the forest, where they really find a self-assembled tablecloth. Overjoyed, they arrange a feast and give a vow: not to return home until they know for sure, "who lives happily, freely in Russia?"
Thus begins their journey.
Chapter 1. Pop
Far away stretches a wide path lined with birch trees. On it, the peasants mostly come across “small people” - peasants, artisans, beggars, soldiers. Travelers don’t even ask them anything: what kind of happiness is there? Toward evening, the men meet the priest. The men block his way and bow low. In response to the priest's silent question: what do they need?, Luka talks about the dispute and asks: “Is the priest's life sweet?”
The priest thinks for a long time, and then replies that, since it is a sin to grumble at God, he will simply describe his life to the peasants, and they themselves will realize whether it is good.
Happiness, according to the priest, consists in three things: "peace, wealth, honor." The priest knows no rest: his rank is obtained by hard work, and then no less difficult service begins, the crying of orphans, the cries of widows and the groans of the dying do little to promote peace of mind.
The situation with honor is no better: the priest serves as an object for the witticisms of the common people, obscene tales, anecdotes and fables are composed about him, which do not spare not only himself, but also his wife and children.
The last thing remains, wealth, but even here everything has changed a long time ago. Yes, there were times when the nobles honored the priest, played magnificent weddings and came to their estates to die - that was the work of the priests, but now "the landowners have scattered in distant foreign land." So it turns out that the pop is content with rare copper nickels:
The peasant himself needs
And I would be glad to give, but there is nothing ...
Having finished his speech, the priest leaves, and the debaters attack Luka with reproaches. They unanimously accuse him of stupidity, that it was only in appearance that the priestly housing seemed free to him, but he could not figure it out deeper.
What did you take? stubborn head!
The men would probably have beaten Luka, but here, fortunately for him, at the bend in the road, the “priestly strict face” is once again shown ...
Chapter 2
The men continue on their way, and their road goes through empty villages. Finally, they meet the rider and ask him where the inhabitants have disappeared.
They went to the village of Kuzminskoe,
Today there is a fairground...
Then the wanderers decide to also go to the fair - what if the one “who lives happily” is hiding there?
Kuzminskoye is a rich, though dirty village. It has two churches, a school (closed), a dirty hotel and even a paramedic. That’s why the fair is rich, and most of all there are taverns, “eleven taverns”, and they do not have time to pour for everyone:
Oh, Orthodox thirst,
How big are you!
There are a lot of drunk people around. A peasant scolds a broken ax, grandfather Vavila is sad next to him, who promised to bring shoes to his granddaughter, but drank all the money. The people feel sorry for him, but no one can help - they themselves have no money. Fortunately, there happens to be a "master", Pavlusha Veretennikov, and it is he who buys shoes for Vavila's granddaughter.
Ofeni (booksellers) also sell at the fair, but the most base books, as well as portraits of “thicker” generals, are in demand. And no one knows if the time will come when a man:
Belinsky and Gogol
Will you carry it from the market?
By evening, everyone is so drunk that even the church with the bell tower seems to stagger, and the peasants leave the village.
Chapter 3
It's worth a quiet night. The men walk along the "hundred-voiced" road and hear snippets of other people's conversations. They talk about officials, about bribes: “And we are fifty kopecks to the clerk: We made a request,” women's songs are heard with a request to “fall in love.” One drunk guy buries his clothes in the ground, assuring everyone that he is "burying his mother." At the road post, the wanderers again meet Pavel Veretennikov. He talks with the peasants, writes down their songs and sayings. Having written down enough, Veretennikov blames the peasants for drinking a lot - "it's a shame to look!" They object to him: the peasant drinks mainly from grief, and it is a sin to condemn or envy him.
The objector's name is Yakim Goly. Pavlusha also writes his story in a book. Even in his youth, Yakim bought his son popular prints, and he himself loved to look at them no less than a child. When a fire broke out in the hut, he first of all rushed to tear pictures from the walls, and so all his savings, thirty-five rubles, burned down. For a fused lump, they now give him 11 rubles.
After listening to stories, the wanderers sit down to refresh themselves, then one of them, Roman, remains at the bucket of vodka for the guard, and the rest again mix with the crowd in search of a happy one.
Chapter 4
Wanderers walk in the crowd and call the happy one to come. If such a person appears and tells them about his happiness, then he will be treated to glory with vodka.
Sober people chuckle at such speeches, but a considerable queue is lined up from drunk people. The deacon comes first. His happiness, in his words, "is in complacency" and in the "kosushka", which the peasants will pour. The deacon is driven away, and an old woman appears, in which, on a small ridge, "up to a thousand raps were born." The next torturing happiness is a soldier with medals, "a little alive, but I want to drink." His happiness lies in the fact that no matter how they tortured him in the service, he nevertheless remained alive. A stonecutter with a huge hammer also comes, a peasant who overstrained himself in the service, but still, barely alive, drove home, a courtyard man with a "noble" disease - gout. The latter boasts that for forty years he stood at the table of the most illustrious prince, licking plates and drinking foreign wine from glasses. The men drive him away too, because they have a simple wine, “not according to your lips!”.
The line to the wanderers does not become smaller. The Belarusian peasant is happy that he eats his fill here rye bread, because at home they baked bread only with chaff, and this caused terrible pain in the stomach. A man with a folded cheekbone, a hunter, is happy that he survived in a fight with a bear, while the bears killed the rest of his comrades. Even the beggars come: they are happy that there is alms on which they are fed.
Finally, the bucket is empty, and the wanderers realize that this way they will not find happiness.
Hey, happiness man!
Leaky, with patches,
Humpbacked with calluses
Get off home!
Here one of the people who approached them advises “ask Yermila Girin”, because if he does not turn out to be happy, then there is nothing to look for. Ermila is a simple man who deserved the great love of the people. The wanderers are told the following story: once Ermila had a mill, but they decided to sell it for debts. Bidding began, the merchant Altynnikov really wanted to buy the mill. Yermila was able to outbid his price, but the trouble is that he did not have money with him to make a deposit. Then he asked for an hour's reprieve and ran to the market square to ask the people for money.
And a miracle happened: Yermil received money. Very soon, the thousand necessary for the ransom of the mill turned out to be with him. And a week later, on the square, there was an even more wonderful sight: Yermil "counted on the people", handed out all the money and honestly. There was only one extra ruble left, and Yermil asked until sunset whose it was.
Wanderers are perplexed: by what sorcery did Yermil receive such trust from the people. They are told that this is not witchcraft, but the truth. Girin served as a clerk in the office and never took a penny from anyone, but helped with advice. Soon the old prince died, and the new one ordered the peasants to choose a burgomaster. Unanimously, “six thousand souls, with the whole patrimony” Yermila shouted - although young, he loves the truth!
Only once did Yermil "disguise" when he did not recruit his younger brother, Mitriy, replacing him with the son of Nenila Vlasyevna. But the conscience after this act tortured Yermila so much that he soon tried to hang himself. Mitrius was handed over to the recruits, and the son of Nenila was returned to her. Yermil, for a long time, did not walk on his own, “he resigned from his post,” but instead rented a mill and became “more than the former people love.”
But here the priest intervenes in the conversation: all this is true, but it is useless to go to Yermil Girin. He is sitting in jail. The priest begins to tell how it was - the village of Stolbnyaki rebelled and the authorities decided to call Yermila - his people would listen.
The story is interrupted by cries: the thief has been caught and is being flogged. The thief turns out to be the same lackey with a "noble disease", and after the flogging, he flies away as if he had completely forgotten about his illness.
The priest, meanwhile, says goodbye, promising to finish telling the story at the next meeting.
Chapter 5
On my own further way The peasants meet the landowner Gavrila Afanasyich Obolt-Obolduev. The landowner is at first frightened, suspecting robbers in them, but, having figured out what the matter is, he laughs and begins to tell his story. Mine noble family it leads from the Tatar Oboldui, who was skinned by a bear for the amusement of the empress. She granted cloth to the Tatar for this. Such were the noble ancestors of the landowner ...
Law is my wish!
The fist is my police!
However, not all strictness, the landowner admits that he more "attracted hearts with affection"! All the courtyards loved him, gave him gifts, and he was like a father to them. But everything changed: the peasants and the land were taken away from the landowner. The sound of an ax is heard from the forests, everyone is being ruined, instead of estates drinking houses are multiplying, because now no one needs a letter at all. And they shout to the landowners:
Wake up, sleepy landowner!
Get up! - study! work hard!..
But how can a landowner work, accustomed to something completely different from childhood? They did not learn anything, and “thought to live like this for a century,” but it turned out differently.
The landowner began to sob, and the good-natured peasants almost wept with him, thinking:
The great chain is broken
Torn - jumped:
One end on the master,
Others for a man! ..
Part 2
Last
The next day, the peasants go to the banks of the Volga, to a huge hay meadow. As soon as they got into a conversation with the locals, music was heard and three boats moored to the shore. They have a noble family: two gentlemen with their wives, little barchats, servants and a gray-haired old gentleman. The old man inspects the mowing, and everyone bows to him almost to the ground. In one place he stops and orders a dry haystack to be spread: the hay is still damp. The absurd order is immediately executed.
Strangers marvel:
Grandfather!
What a wonderful old man.
It turns out that the old man - Prince Utyatin (the peasants call him the Last) - having learned about the abolition of serfdom, "fooled", and came down with a blow. His sons were told that they had betrayed the landowner's ideals, that they could not defend them, and if so, they were left without an inheritance. The sons were frightened and persuaded the peasants to fool the landowner a little, so that after his death they would give the village poem meadows. The old man was told that the tsar ordered the serfs to be returned back to the landowners, the prince was delighted and stood up. So this comedy continues to this day. Some peasants are even happy about this, for example, the courtyard Ipat:
Ipat said: “You have fun!
And I am the Utyatin princes
Serf - and the whole story here!
But Agap Petrov cannot come to terms with the fact that even in the wild someone will push him around. Once he told the master everything directly, and he had a stroke. When he woke up, he ordered Agap to be whipped, and the peasants, in order not to reveal the deceit, led him to the stable, where they put a bottle of wine in front of him: drink and shout louder! Agap died the same night: it was hard for him to bow down...
Wanderers are present at the feast of the Last, where he speaks about the benefits of serfdom, and then lies down in the boat and falls asleep in it with songs. The village of Vahlaki sighs with sincere relief, but no one gives them the meadows - the trial continues to this day.
Part 3
peasant woman
“Not everything is between men
Find a happy
Let's touch the women!”
With these words, the wanderers go to Korchagina Matryona Timofeevna, the governor, beautiful woman 38 years old, who, however, already calls herself an old woman. She talks about her life. Then she was only happy, how she grew up in her parents' house. But girlhood quickly rushed by, and now Matryona is already being wooed. Philip becomes her betrothed, handsome, ruddy and strong. He loves his wife (according to her, he beat him only once), but soon he goes to work, and leaves her with his large, but alien to Matryona, family.
Matryona works for her elder sister-in-law, and for a strict mother-in-law, and for her father-in-law. She had no joy in her life until her eldest son, Demushka, was born.
In the whole family, only the old grandfather Savely, the “Holy Russian hero”, who lives out his life after twenty years of hard labor, regrets Matryona. He ended up in hard labor for the murder of a German manager who did not give the peasants a single free minute. Savely told Matryona a lot about his life, about "Russian heroism."
The mother-in-law forbids Matryona to take Demushka into the field: she does not work much with him. The grandfather looks after the child, but one day he falls asleep, and the pigs eat the child. After some time, Matryona meets Savely at the grave of Demushka, who has gone to repentance in the Sand Monastery. She forgives him and takes him home, where the old man soon dies.
Matryona also had other children, but she could not forget Demushka. One of them, the shepherdess Fedot, once wanted to be whipped for a sheep carried away by a wolf, but Matrena took the punishment upon herself. When she was pregnant with Liodorushka, she had to go to the city to ask for the return of her husband, who had been taken into the soldiers. Right in the waiting room, Matryona gave birth, and the governor, Elena Alexandrovna, for whom the whole family is now praying, helped her. Since then, Matryona has been "denounced as a lucky woman, nicknamed the governor's wife." But what kind of happiness is there?
This is what Matryonushka tells the wanderers and adds: they will never find a happy woman among women, the keys to female happiness are lost, and even God does not know where to find them.
Part 4
A feast for the whole world
There is a feast in the village of Vakhlachina. Everyone gathered here: both wanderers, and Klim Yakovlich, and Vlas the headman. Among the feasters are two seminarians, Savvushka and Grisha, good simple guys. They, at the request of the people, sing a “jolly” song, then the turn comes for different stories. There is a story about “an exemplary slave - Jacob the faithful”, who all his life went after the master, fulfilled all his whims and even rejoiced at the master's beatings. Only when the master gave his nephew to the soldiers, Yakov took to drink, but soon returned to the master. And yet, Yakov did not forgive him, and was able to take revenge on Polivanov: he brought him, with his legs off, into the forest, and there he hanged himself on a pine tree above the master.
There is a dispute about who is the most sinful of all. God's wanderer Jonah tells the story of "two sinners", about the robber Kudeyar. The Lord awakened a conscience in him and imposed a penance on him: cut down a huge oak tree in the forest, then his sins will be forgiven him. But the oak fell only when Kudeyar sprinkled it with the blood of the cruel Pan Glukhovsky. Ignatius Prokhorov objects to Jonah: the peasant's sin is still greater, and tells the story of the headman. He hid the last will of his master, who decided to release his peasants before his death. But the headman, tempted by money, tore free.
The crowd is subdued. Songs are sung: "Hungry", "Soldier's". But the time will come in Russia for good songs. Confirmation of this is two seminarian brothers, Savva and Grisha. The seminarian Grisha, the son of a sexton, has known since the age of fifteen that he wants to devote his life to the happiness of the people. Love for his mother merges in his heart with love for the whole vakhlachin. Grisha walks along his edge and sings a song about Russia:
You are poor
You are abundant
You are powerful
You are powerless
Mother Russia!
And his plans will not be lost: fate prepares Grisha “a glorious path, a loud name people's protector, consumption and Siberia. In the meantime, Grisha sings, and it is a pity that the wanderers do not hear him, because then they would understand that they had already found a happy person and could return home.
Conclusion
This ends the unfinished chapters of the poem by Nekrasov. However, even from the surviving parts, the reader is presented with a large-scale picture of post-reform Russia, which, with torment, is learning to live in a new way. The range of problems raised by the author in the poem is very wide: the problems of widespread drunkenness, the ruining of a Russian person (it’s not without reason that a bucket of vodka is offered as a reward!) The problems of women, the ineradicable slave psychology (revealed on the example of Yakov, Ipat) and the main problem of people's happiness. Most of these problems, unfortunately, to one degree or another still remain relevant today, which is why the work is very popular, and a number of quotations from it have become part of everyday speech. The compositional device of the main characters' wanderings brings the poem closer to an adventure novel, thanks to which it is read easily and with great interest.
A brief retelling of “To whom it is good to live in Russia” conveys only the most basic content of the poem; for a more accurate idea of the work, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the full version of “To whom it is good to live in Russia”.
Test on the poem "Who lives well in Russia"
After reading summary you can test your knowledge by taking this quiz.
Retelling rating
Average rating: 4.4. Total ratings received: 14243.
From 1863 to 1877, Nekrasov wrote "Who in Russia should live well." The idea, the characters, the plot changed several times in the process of work. Most likely, the idea was not fully revealed: the author died in 1877. Despite this, "To whom it is good to live in Russia" as a folk poem is considered a complete work. It was supposed to be 8 parts, but only 4 were completed.
With the introduction of the characters, the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" begins. These heroes are seven men from the villages: Dyryavino, Zaplatovo, Gorelovo, Crop failure, Znobishino, Razutovo, Neelovo. They meet and start a conversation about who lives happily and well in Russia. Each man has his own opinion. One believes that the landowner is happy, the other - that the official. A merchant, a priest, a minister, a noble boyar, a tsar, a peasant from the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" is also called happy. The heroes began to argue, lit a fire. It even came to a fight. However, they fail to come to an agreement.
Self-assembly tablecloth
Suddenly, Pahom quite unexpectedly caught a chick. The little warbler, his mother, asked the peasant to set the chick free. She suggested for this where you can find a self-assembled tablecloth - very useful thing which will certainly come in handy in long road. Thanks to her, the men during the trip did not lack food.
Pop's story
The following events continue the work "To whom it is good to live in Russia." The heroes decided to find out at any cost who lives happily and cheerfully in Russia. They set off on the road. First on the way they met a pop. The men turned to him with the question of whether he lives happily. Then the pop spoke about his life. He believes (in which the peasants could not disagree with him) that happiness is impossible without peace, honor, wealth. Pop believes that if he had all this, he would be completely happy. However, he is obliged day and night, in any weather, to go where he is told - to the dying, to the sick. Every time the priest has to see human grief and suffering. He even sometimes lacks the strength to take retribution for his service, since people tear the latter away from themselves. Once upon a time, everything was completely different. Pop says that rich landowners generously rewarded him for funerals, baptisms, and weddings. However, now the rich are far away, and the poor have no money. The priest also has no honor: the peasants do not respect him, as many folk songs speak of.
Wanderers go to the fair
Wanderers understand that this person cannot be called happy, which is noted by the author of the work "Who Lives Well in Russia". The heroes set off again and find themselves on the road in the village of Kuzminsky, at a fair. This village is dirty, although rich. There are a lot of establishments in which residents indulge in drunkenness. They drink their last money. For example, the old man did not have money left for shoes for his granddaughter, since he drank everything. All this is observed by wanderers from the work "To whom it is good to live in Russia" (Nekrasov).
Yakim Nagoi
They also notice fairground entertainment and fights and talk about the fact that the peasant is forced to drink: this helps to endure hard work and eternal hardship. An example of this is Yakim Nagoi, a peasant from the village of Bosovo. He works to death, "drinks half to death." Yakim believes that if there were no drunkenness, there would be great sadness.
The wanderers continue on their way. In the work "To whom it is good to live in Russia," Nekrasov says that they want to find happy and cheerful people, they promise to give these lucky people water for free. Therefore, the most different people they try to pass themselves off as such - a former courtyard suffering from paralysis, who for many years licked the plates behind the master, exhausted workers, beggars. However, travelers themselves understand that these people cannot be called happy.
Ermil Girin
The men once heard about a man named Yermil Girin. His story is further told by Nekrasov, of course, he does not convey all the details. Ermil Girin is a burgomaster who was highly respected, a fair and honest person. He intended to buy the mill one day. The peasants lent him money without a receipt, they trusted him so much. However, there was a peasant revolt. Now Yermil is in jail.
Obolt-Obolduev's story
Gavrila Obolt-Obolduev, one of the landowners, spoke about the fate of the nobles after They used to own a lot: serfs, villages, forests. Nobles could invite serfs to the house on holidays to pray. But after the master was no longer the full owner of the peasants. The wanderers knew perfectly well how difficult life was in the days of serfdom. But it is also not difficult for them to understand that it became much harder for the nobles after the abolition of serfdom. And the men are no longer easy. The wanderers understood that they would not be able to find a happy man among men. So they decided to go to the women.
Life of Matrena Korchagina
The peasants were told that in one village there lived a peasant woman named Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina, whom everyone called the lucky one. They found her, and Matrena told the peasants about her life. Nekrasov continues with this story "Who lives well in Russia."
A brief summary of the life story of this woman is as follows. Her childhood was cloudless and happy. She had a working, non-drinking family. Mother cherished and cherished her daughter. When Matryona grew up, she became a beauty. A stove-maker from another village, Philip Korchagin, once wooed her. Matrena told how he persuaded her to marry him. This was the only bright memory of this woman in her entire life, who was hopeless and dreary, although her husband treated her well by peasant standards: he hardly beat her. However, he went to the city to work. Matryona lived in her father-in-law's house. Everyone treated her badly. The only one who was kind to the peasant woman was the very old grandfather Savely. He told her that for the murder of the manager he got to hard labor.
Soon Matryona gave birth to Demushka, a sweet and beautiful child. She could not part with him even for a minute. However, the woman had to work in the field, where her mother-in-law did not allow her to take the child. Grandfather Savely watched the baby. He once missed Demushka, and the child was eaten by pigs. They came from the city to sort it out, in front of the mother's eyes they opened the baby. This was a severe blow for Matryona.
Then five children were born to her, all boys. Matryona was a kind and caring mother. One day Fedot, one of the children, was tending sheep. One of them was carried away by a she-wolf. The shepherd was to blame for this, who should have been punished with whips. Then Matryona begged to be beaten instead of her son.
She also said that they once wanted to take her husband into the soldiers, although this was a violation of the law. Then Matrena went to the city, being pregnant. Here the woman met Elena Alexandrovna, a kind governor who helped her, and Matrena's husband was released.
The peasants considered Matryona a happy woman. However, after listening to her story, the men realized that she could not be called happy. There was too much suffering and trouble in her life. Matrena Timofeevna herself also says that a woman in Russia, especially a peasant woman, cannot be happy. Her lot is very hard.
Out of his mind landowner
The path to the Volga is held by wandering men. Here comes the mowing. People are busy with hard work. Suddenly, an amazing scene: the mowers are humiliated, pleasing the old master. It turned out that the landowner He could not understand what had already been canceled. Therefore, his relatives persuaded the peasants to behave as if it was still valid. They were promised for this. The men agreed, but were deceived once again. When the old master died, the heirs gave them nothing.
The Story of Jacob
Repeatedly along the way, wanderers listen to folk songs - hungry, soldier's and others, as well as different stories. They remembered, for example, the story of Jacob, the faithful serf. He always tried to please and appease the master, who humiliated and beat the serf. However, this led to the fact that Yakov loved him even more. The master's legs gave up in old age. Yakov continued to take care of him, as if he were his own child. But he didn't get any credit for it. Grisha, a young guy, Yakov's nephew, wanted to marry one beauty - a serf girl. Out of jealousy, the old master sent Grisha as a recruit. Jacob from this grief hit drunkenness, but then returned to the master and took revenge. He took him to the forest and hanged himself right in front of the master. Since his legs were paralyzed, he could not go anywhere. The master sat all night under Yakov's corpse.
Grigory Dobrosklonov - people's protector
This and other stories make men think that they will not be able to find happy people. However, they learn about Grigory Dobrosklonov, a seminarian. This is the son of a sexton, who has seen the suffering and hopeless life of the people since childhood. He made a choice in his early youth, decided that he would devote his strength to the struggle for the happiness of his people. Gregory is educated and smart. He understands that Russia is strong and will cope with all troubles. In the future, Gregory will have a glorious path, the big name of the people's intercessor, "consumption and Siberia."
Men hear about this intercessor, but they still do not understand that such people can make others happy. This won't happen soon.
Heroes of the poem
Nekrasov depicted various segments of the population. Ordinary peasants become the main characters of the work. They were emancipated by the reform of 1861. But their life after the abolition of serfdom did not change much. The same hard work, hopeless life. After the reform, moreover, the peasants who had their own land found themselves in an even more difficult situation.
The characterization of the heroes of the work "To whom it is good to live in Russia" can be supplemented by the fact that the author created surprisingly reliable images of peasants. Their characters are very accurate, although contradictory. Not only kindness, strength and integrity of character is in the Russian people. They retained at the genetic level obsequiousness, servility, readiness to submit to a despot and tyrant. The advent of Grigory Dobrosklonov, a new man, is a symbol of the fact that honest, noble, smart people appear among the downtrodden peasantry. May their fate be unenviable and difficult. Thanks to them, self-consciousness will arise in the peasant masses, and people will finally be able to fight for happiness. This is what the heroes and the author of the poem dream of. ON THE. Nekrasov ("Who Lives Well in Russia", "Russian Women", "Frost, and other works) is considered a truly folk poet, who was interested in the fate of the peasantry, its suffering, problems. The poet could not remain indifferent to his hard lot. The work of N. A. Nekrasov "Who in Russia is good to live" was written with such sympathy for the people, which makes even today to empathize with their fate at that difficult time.