A smart person in the understanding of Famusov. The image and characterization of Chatsky in the comedy "Woe from Wit" by Griboyedov

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Examination paper (abstract) in literature

Theme: “The problem of the mind” in Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit”

Work completed:

Dubovitskaya Ekaterina Romanovna,

Supervisor:

Pakhomova Olga Mikhailovna

Literature teacher

Kremenki 2010

Introduction

A brilliant playwright, a talented poet and composer, an outstanding diplomat, A.S. Griboyedov, according to Belinsky, belonged to "the most powerful manifestation of the Russian spirit." With the immortal comedy "Woe from Wit", the "pearl" of the Russian stage, Griboyedov marked the beginning of the flowering of Russian realistic drama. Woe from Wit, in terms of the richness of its content and artistry of form, was an exceptional comedy, unprecedented for that time in both Russian and Western European dramaturgy. Its significance is extraordinary. Artistic realism and the skill of a writer-citizen, who boldly took to the fight against the social ulcers of his era, determined the fate of the comedy Woe from Wit. Not allowed by the censors during Griboedov's lifetime, the comedy became the property of thousands of people in handwritten form and played an important role in the development of the liberation movement in our country. Staged for the first time on the stage of the theater in St. Petersburg on January 26, 1831, the comedy "Woe from Wit" does not leave the stage today.

1 . History of comedy

The comedy was apparently conceived back in St. Petersburg around 1816. Griboyedov, returning from abroad, found himself at one of the secular evenings and was amazed at how the whole audience admired everything foreign. That evening she surrounded with attention and care some chatty Frenchman; Griboyedov could not stand it and made a fiery diatribe. While he was speaking, someone in the audience announced that Griboyedov was crazy and thus spread the word all over Petersburg. Griboyedov, in order to take revenge on secular society, conceived this comedy. To implement the plan, he went to balls and social evenings a lot, collecting material. Since 1823, Griboedov has been reading excerpts from the play (the original title is “Woe to the Mind”), the first edition of the comedy was completed in Tiflis in 1824. This edition did not yet have an explanation of Molchalin with Liza and several other episodes. In 1825, Griboyedov published a fragment of the comedy (7, 8, 9, 10 events of the first act - with censored exceptions and abbreviations) in the almanac "Russian Thalia". In 1828, the author, going to the Caucasus and further to Persia, left in St. Petersburg with F.V. Bulgarin the so-called Bulgarin manuscript - an authorized list with the inscription: "I entrust my grief to Bulgarin." This text is the main text of the comedy, reflecting the last known author's will: in January 1829, Griboyedov died in Tehran. The author's manuscript of the comedy has not been preserved; her searches in Georgia in the 1940s-1960s were in the nature of a sensational campaign and did not yield any results. In January 1831, the first professional production took place, the first publication in its entirety - in German, in Revel (the translation was made from a list that was not entirely correct). In 1833, "Woe from Wit" was first printed in Russian in the Moscow printing house of August Semyon. A significant part of the comedy (attacks against court flattery, serfdom, allusions to political conspiracies, satire on the army) was banned by censorship; the first editions and productions were distorted by numerous cuts. Readers of that time knew the full text of "Woe from Wit" in the lists, of which several hundred are now known (and, obviously, much more went at one time). There are several falsified inserts in the text of "Woe from Wit", composed by scribes. The first publication of a comedy without distortion appeared in Moscow in 1875.

2 . Points of view of critics on the problem of the mind in the comedy "Woe from Wit"

“In my comedy there are twenty-five fools to one sane person; and this person, of course, is in contradiction with the society surrounding him, no one understands him, no one wants to forgive him, why is he a little higher than the others, ”A.S. Griboyedov about his play. It is quite possible to agree with this author's point of view, and I would formulate the central question posed in the work as follows: why is an intelligent person rejected by both society and his girlfriend? What are the reasons for this misunderstanding? Such questions can arise at any time in the most diverse social environment, and therefore they do not lose their relevance over time. Perhaps that is why “Chatsky will never grow old,” as I.A. Goncharov. In fact, the era of carriages and palaces has long sunk into oblivion; people seem to live in completely different conditions, but it is still difficult for an intelligent person to find understanding in society, it is still difficult for him to communicate with loved ones, stereotypes that are very difficult to destroy are still overcome by people. Probably, in such a “overtime” formulation of the problem of the mind in comedy lies one of the secrets of the longevity of this work, the modernity of its sound. The problem of the mind is the ideological and emotional core around which all other issues of a socio-political, philosophical, national-patriotic and moral-psychological nature are grouped. Due to the special significance of the problem of the mind, a serious controversy unfolded around it. So, M.A. Dmitriev believed that Chatsky was only being clever, despising others, and in his pretentiousness looked the most comical of all. From other positions, but also critically assesses the mental abilities of the protagonist of the play A.S. Pushkin. Without denying the depth of thoughts expressed by Chatsky (“Everything he says is very clever”), the poet argued: “The first sign of an intelligent person is to know at first glance who you are dealing with and not throw pearls in front of the Repetilovs ... ". He was skeptical about the formulation of the problem by P.A. Vyazemsky, who declared that “among the fools of various kinds” Griboyedov showed “one smart person, and even then a mad one.” V.G. Belinsky at first expressed an opinion about Chatsky, close to what he said about the hero Dmitriev: “This is just a screamer, a phrase-monger, an ideal noise, profaning everything sacred about which he speaks at every step. Does it really mean to enter society and start scolding fools and beasts in the eyes to be a deep person? comedy Griboedov critic mind

But later the critic revised his point of view, seeing in Chatsky's monologues and remarks an outpouring of "bilious, thunderous indignation at the sight of a rotten society of insignificant people", whose sleepy life is actually "the death of ... any reasonable thought." Thus, there has been a radical turn in the assessments of the mind of the protagonist, which was reflected in the look of D.I. Pisarev, who attributed Chatsky to the number of characters suffering from the fact that "issues long resolved in their minds cannot yet be even represented in real life." This point of view found its final expression in the article by I.A. Goncharov "A Million of Torments", where Chatsky is called the smartest person in comedy. According to the writer, the main character of "Woe from Wit" is a universal typological figure, inevitable "with each change of one century to another", far ahead of its time and preparing the arrival of a new one. As for Chatsky's ability to recognize people, Goncharov believed that he had it. Not intending to initially express his views in Famusov's company, having come only to see Sophia, Chatsky turns out to be stung by her coldness, then hurt by her father's demands, and, finally, psychologically he cannot withstand the stress, starting to respond with blow for blow. The mind is out of harmony with the heart, and this circumstance leads to a dramatic clash. Keeping in mind Pushkin's principle of judging a writer "according to the laws he himself recognizes over himself", one should turn to Griboyedov's position, to what he himself puts into the concept of "mind". Calling Chatsky smart, and other heroes - fools, the playwright expressed his point of view unambiguously. At the same time, the conflict is structured in such a way that each of the opposing sides considers itself smart, and those who do not share its views are insane.

3 . Mind in the understanding of Famusov and the Famus society

The mind of Famusov and the characters of his circle is the ability to adapt to the existing conditions of life and extract the maximum material benefit from them. Success in life is expressed in the number of souls of serfs, in obtaining a title and rank, in a profitable marriage or marriage, in money, luxury goods. The one who managed to achieve this (regardless of the means of achieving it) is considered smart. that I almost hit the back of my head”), instantly orienting himself, he managed to turn into a winning one for himself, deliberately falling again, amused Catherine and received compensation for this in the form of her special location. Similar examples of "smart behavior" are shown by Sophia, and Molchalin, and Skalozub. From their point of view, a person who has abandoned his position and career, who does not want to be cunning, who openly expresses his views that run counter to generally accepted ones, who has made so many enemies in one evening, cannot be considered smart - only a madman can do this. At the same time, many representatives of the Famus society are well aware that Chatsky's views are not insane, but are built on a different logic, different from their own and fraught with a threat to their usual state of complacency.

4. Mind in the understanding of Chatsky

The logic of a smart person, according to Chatsky, implies not just the ability to use the already existing conditions of life and not only education (which in itself is mandatory), but the ability to freely and unbiasedly evaluate the conditions themselves from the point of view of common sense and change these conditions if they common sense does not match. So, being at the head of a scientific committee, it does not make sense to cry out to demand "an oath so that no one knows and does not learn to read and write." How long can one hold on to such a position with such views? Not only dishonorably, but really stupidly, he exchanged for the servants who saved the “life and honor” of the master, “three greyhounds”, for who will save his life next time! It is senseless and dangerous to use material and cultural goods without giving any access to them to the people, to the very “intelligent, vigorous” people who had just saved the monarchy from Napoleon. It is no longer possible to stay at court using the principles of Maxim Petrovich. Now it is not enough just personal devotion and desire to please - now it is necessary to be able to do business, as the state tasks have become much more complicated. All these examples clearly show the author's position: the mind, which only adapts, thinks in standard stereotypes, Griboedov is inclined to consider stupidity. But that's the essence of the problem, that the majority always thinks in a standard and stereotypical way. Griboyedov does not reduce the conflict only to opposing the minds inherent in people of different generations. So, for example, Chatsky and Molchalin can be attributed to the same generation, but their views are diametrically opposed: the first is a type of personality of the “current century” and even most likely the century of the future, and the second, for all its youth, is “of the past century”, since he is satisfied with the life principles of Famusov and the people of his circle. Both heroes - both Chatsky and Molchalin - are smart in their own way. Molchalin, having made a successful career, having taken at least some place in society, understands the system that underlies it. This is quite in line with his practical mind. But from the position of Chatsky, who fights for the freedom of the individual, such behavior, due to stereotypes accepted in society, cannot be considered smart:

I'm strange, but who's not strange?

The one who looks like all the fools ...

According to Chatsky, a really smart person should not depend on others - this is exactly how he behaves in the Famusov house, as a result of which he deserves the reputation of being insane. It turns out that the nobility, for the most part, as a force responsible for arranging life in the country, has ceased to meet the requirements of the time. But if Chatsky's point of view, which reflects the positions of a smaller part of society, is recognized as the right to exist, then it will be necessary to somehow respond to it. Then it is necessary either, realizing its correctness, to change in accordance with the new principles - and many do not want to do this, and the majority simply cannot afford it. Or it is necessary to fight against the position of Chatsky, which contradicts the previous system of values, which happens throughout the second, third and almost all of the fourth act of the comedy. But there is a third way: to declare the one who expresses views so unusual for the majority as crazy. Then you can safely ignore his angry words and fiery monologues. This is very convenient and fully corresponds to the general aspirations of the Famus society: to bother yourself with any worries as little as possible. It is quite possible to imagine the atmosphere of complacency and comfort that reigned here before the appearance of Chatsky. Having expelled him from Moscow society, Famusov and his entourage, apparently, will feel calm for a while. But only for a short time. After all, Chatsky is by no means a lone hero, although in comedy he alone opposes the entire Famus society. Chatsky reflects a whole type of people who marked a new phenomenon in society and revealed all its pain points. Thus, in the comedy "Woe from Wit" various types of mind are presented - from worldly wisdom, practical mind, to the mind that reflects the high intellect of a free thinker, boldly confronting that which does not meet the highest criteria of truth. It is to such a mind that “woe”, its carrier is expelled from society and it is unlikely that success and recognition will await him somewhere else. This is the strength of Griboedov's genius, that by showing the events of a specific time and place, he turns to the eternal problem - not only Chatsky, who lives in the era on the eve of the "outrage on St. Isaac's Square", will face a sad fate. It is prepared for anyone who comes into conflict with the old system of views and tries to defend their way of thinking, their mind - the mind of a free person.

5. Griboedov Awards for Comedy

Order of the Lion and the Sun, 1st class (Persia, 1829)

Order of the Lion and the Sun II degree (Persia, 1819)

6 . Popular recognition

The success of the comedy "Woe from Wit", which appeared on the eve of the Decembrist uprising, was extremely great. “There is no end to thunder, noise, admiration, curiosity,” Griboyedov himself described the atmosphere that had been created. According to Pushkin, the comedy produced an indescribable effect and placed Griboyedov along with our first poets. According to Pushkin, the goal of comedy is "characters and a sharp picture of morals." The comedy, according to Belinsky, was “a passionate protest against vile reality, against bribe-taking officials, against secular society, ignorance, voluntary servility…” new literature.

Conclusion

Goncharov in his article “A Million of Torments” wrote about “Woe from Wit”, that it “everything lives its imperishable life, will survive many more epochs and everything will not lose its vitality”. I fully share his opinion. After all, the writer painted a real picture of morals, created living characters. So alive that they survived to our times. It seems to me that this is the secret of the immortality of the comedy of A. S. Griboyedov. After all, our Famusovs, Molchalins, pufferfish still make Chatsky of our time experience grief from the mind.

List literations

1. Bagrova L. B., Voronin I. V., Gorsky V. G. "School encyclopedia" Publishing house "OLMA - PRESS Education" Moscow - 2004.

2. Griboedov A.S. "Woe from Wit" Publishing House "Soviet Russia" Moscow - 2000

3. Kurdyumova T. F., Leonov S. A., Maryina O. B. "Literature" Publishing house "Drofa" Moscow - 2005

4. Kutuzov A. G., Kiselev A. K., Romanicheva E. S. "In the world of literature" Publishing house "Drofa" Moscow - 2007.

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Chatsky's prototypes

The contemporaries of A. S. Griboedov found that the image of Chatsky reminds them of P. Ya. Chaadaev. This was pointed out by Pushkin in his letter to P. A. Vyazemsky in 1823. Some researchers see an indirect confirmation of this version in the fact that the original protagonist of the comedy bore the surname Chadsky. However, many refute this opinion. According to another theory, the image of Chatsky is a reflection of the biography and character of V.K. Kuchelbecker. A disgraced, unfortunate person who had just returned from abroad could well become the prototype of the protagonist of Woe from Wit.

On the similarity of the author with Chatsky

It is quite obvious that the protagonist of the play in his monologues expressed the thoughts and views that Griboedov himself adhered to. "Woe from Wit" is a comedy that has become the author's personal manifesto against the moral and social vices of Russian aristocratic society. Yes, and many of Chatsky's character traits seem to be written off from the author himself. According to contemporaries, Alexander Sergeevich was impetuous and hot, sometimes independent and sharp. Chatsky's views on imitating foreigners, the inhumanity of serfdom, and bureaucracy are the true thoughts of Griboyedov. He repeatedly expressed them in society. The writer was even once really called crazy when at a social event he warmly and impartially spoke about the servile attitude of Russians to everything foreign.

Author's characterization of the hero

In response to the critical remarks of his co-author and longtime friend P. A. Katenin that the character of the protagonist is "confused", that is, very inconsistent, Griboedov writes: "In my comedy there are 25 fools per sane person." The image of Chatsky for the author is a portrait of an intelligent and educated young man who finds himself in a difficult situation. On the one hand, he is in "contradiction with society", since he is "a little higher than the others", he is aware of his superiority and does not try to hide it. On the other hand, Alexander Andreevich cannot achieve the former location of his beloved girl, suspects the presence of an opponent, and even unexpectedly falls into the category of crazy people, which he learns about last. Griboyedov explains the excessive ardor of his hero by a strong disappointment in love. Therefore, in "Woe from Wit" the image of Chatsky turned out to be so inconsistent and inconsistent. He "spit in the eyes of everyone and was like that."

Chatsky in the interpretation of Pushkin

The poet criticized the main character of the comedy. At the same time, Pushkin appreciated Griboyedov: he liked the comedy Woe from Wit. in the interpretation of the great poet is very impartial. He calls Alexander Andreevich an ordinary reasoning hero, a mouthpiece for the ideas of the only intelligent person in the play - Griboyedov himself. He believes that the main character is a "kind fellow" who picked up extraordinary thoughts and witticisms from another person and began to "throw pearls" in front of Repetilov and other representatives of the Famus Guard. According to Pushkin, such behavior is unforgivable. He believes that Chatsky's contradictory and inconsistent character is a reflection of his own stupidity, which puts the hero in a tragicomic position.

The character of Chatsky, according to Belinsky

A well-known critic in 1840, like Pushkin, denied the protagonist of the play a practical mind. He interpreted the image of Chatsky as an absolutely ridiculous, naive and dreamy figure and dubbed him "the new Don Quixote." Over time, Belinsky somewhat changed his point of view. The characterization of the comedy "Woe from Wit" in his interpretation has become very positive. He called it a protest against "vile racial reality" and considered it "the most noble, humanistic work." The critic never saw the true complexity of Chatsky's image.

The image of Chatsky: interpretation in the 1860s

Publicists and critics of the 1860s began to attribute only socially significant and socio-political motives to Chatsky's behavior. For example, I saw in the protagonist of the play a reflection of Griboyedov's "back thoughts". He considers the image of Chatsky a portrait of a Decembrist revolutionary. The critic sees in Alexander Andreevich a man struggling with the vices of contemporary society. For him, the characters of Woe from Wit are characters not of a "high" comedy, but of a "high" tragedy. In such interpretations, the appearance of Chatsky is extremely generalized and interpreted very one-sidedly.

The appearance of Chatsky at Goncharov

Ivan Alexandrovich in his critical study "A Million of Torments" presented the most insightful and accurate analysis of the play "Woe from Wit". The characterization of Chatsky, according to Goncharov, should be done taking into account his state of mind. Unhappy love for Sophia makes the protagonist of the comedy bilious and almost inadequate, makes him pronounce long monologues in front of people who are indifferent to his fiery speeches. Thus, without taking into account the love affair, it is impossible to understand the comic and at the same time tragic nature of the image of Chatsky.

The problems of the play

The heroes of "Woe from Wit" face Griboedov in two plot-forming conflicts: love (Chatsky and Sofia) and socio-ideological and the main character). Of course, it is the social problems of the work that come to the fore, but the love line in the play is very important. After all, Chatsky was in a hurry to Moscow solely to meet with Sofia. Therefore, both conflicts - socio-ideological and love - reinforce and complement each other. They develop in parallel and are equally necessary for understanding the worldview, character, psychology and relationships of comedy characters.

Main character. love conflict

In the system of characters in the play, Chatsky is in the main place. It ties two storylines together. For Alexander Andreevich, it is the love conflict that is of primary importance. He perfectly understands the society of which people he got into, and is not at all going to engage in educational activities. The reason for his stormy eloquence is not political, but psychological. The "impatience of the heart" of the young man is felt throughout the entire play.

At first, Chatsky's "talkativeness" was caused by the joy of meeting Sophia. When the hero realizes that the girl has no trace of her former feelings for him, he begins to do inconsistent and daring acts. He stays in Famusov's house with the sole purpose of finding out who became Sofia's new lover. At the same time, it is quite obvious that his "mind and heart are not in harmony."

After Chatsky learns about the relationship between Molchalin and Sofia, he goes to the other extreme. Instead of loving feelings, he is overcome by anger and rage. He accuses the girl of "luring him with hope", proudly tells her about the break in relations, swears that he "sobered up ... completely", but at the same time he is going to pour out "all the bile and all the annoyance" on the world.

Main character. Socio-political conflict

Love experiences increase the ideological confrontation between Alexander Andreevich and the Famus society. At first, Chatsky refers to the Moscow aristocracy with ironic calmness: "... I'm a weirdo for another miracle / Once I laugh, then I'll forget ..." However, as he becomes convinced of Sophia's indifference, his speech becomes more and more impudent and unrestrained. Everything in Moscow begins to irritate him. Chatsky in his monologues touches on many topical issues of his contemporary era: questions about national identity, serfdom, education and enlightenment, real service, and so on. He talks about serious things, but at the same time, from excitement, he falls, according to I. A. Goncharov, into "exaggerations, into almost drunkenness of speech."

The worldview of the protagonist

The image of Chatsky is a portrait of a person with an established system of worldview and morality. He considers the main criterion for evaluating a person to be the desire for knowledge, for beautiful and lofty matters. Alexander Andreevich is not against working for the benefit of the state. But he constantly emphasizes the difference between "serve" and "serve", which he attaches fundamental importance to. Chatsky is not afraid of public opinion, does not recognize authorities, preserves his independence, which causes fear among Moscow aristocrats. They are ready to recognize in Alexander Andreevich a dangerous rebel who encroaches on the most sacred values. From the point of view of the Famus society, Chatsky's behavior is atypical, and therefore reprehensible. He "is familiar with the ministers", but does not use his connections in any way. Famusov's offer to live "like everyone else" replies with a contemptuous refusal.

In many respects he agrees with his hero Griboyedov. The image of Chatsky is a type of an enlightened person who freely expresses his opinion. But in his statements there are no radical and revolutionary ideas. It's just that in a conservative Famus society, any deviation from the usual norm seems outrageous and dangerous. Not without reason, in the end, Alexander Andreevich was recognized as a madman. only in this way could they explain for themselves the independent nature of Chatsky's judgments.

Conclusion

In modern life, the play "Woe from Wit" remains more relevant than ever. The image of Chatsky in comedy is the central figure that helps the author to express his thoughts and views to the whole world. By the will of Alexander Sergeevich, the protagonist of the work is placed in tragicomic conditions. His impetuous are caused by disappointment in love. However, the problems that are raised in his monologues are eternal topics. It is thanks to them that comedy entered the list of the most famous works of world literature.

Griboedov's comedy "Woe from Wit" is a priceless masterpiece in Russian literature. This work describes the society of the nobility of the XIX century. The main character of this comedy is Alexander Andreevich Chatsky - an intelligent, free-thinking young man. The author in the work contrasts it with the Famus society, thereby showing us the contradictions between the “Current Age” and the “past century”.

The most prominent representative of the Famus society is Pavel Afanasyevich Famusov. This is a person who does not like the service and works only for the sake of awards. The Famus society included people who lived according to established customs. The main task in their life was to acquire a high rank and a high position in society, in order to "take awards and live happily." These people are ardent feudal lords, capable of killing and robbing people, controlling their fate. Chatsky furiously unleashes his anger on these people. He does not accept their beliefs and does not believe in the laws of old Moscow. Chatsky responds to Famusov's story about the late uncle Maxim Petrovich with a remark characterizing Catherine's age as "an age of humility and fear." Chatsky advocates the abolition of serfdom. He is very outraged that the peasants are not considered people, that they can be exchanged for some things or sold. He talks indignantly about how one landowner sold a serf ballet for debts, and another changed his best servants for greyhounds. I still strongly resent the imitation of the nobles in the West. Chatsky noticed that the doors of noble houses are always open to foreign guests. So, a Frenchman from Bordeaux, who was going to the country of the barbarians, met the warmest welcome in Russia and did not find here "neither the sound of a Russian, nor a Russian face." But Chatsky could not change the people around him, because he was opposed not by individuals, but by the whole noble life.

In his work, Griboyedov managed to create the image of a hero who fights for the rights of people. Although the author describes only Moscow and Famusov's house, a picture of the whole of Russia in the first half of the 19th century appears before readers. And I am very sorry that at that time there were few people like Chatsky.

There are many different people in the world: some, like Chatsky, are educated and interesting, others, like the Famus society, are vile, envious, thinking only about wealth and nobility. Such people were compared in his comedy “Woe from Wit” by A.S. Griboyedov. The whole conflict takes place in the house of the nobleman Famusov.

Famusov is one of the main characters of the work. He is a wealthy uneducated man. Famusov does not care at all about the future of his country, his people. He hates books: "take away all the books and burn them." Famusov created a society around him in which people spread gossip against each other, doing it behind their backs. Famusov says about Chatsky: "A dangerous person", "He wants to preach freedom." Sophia about Chatsky: “I’m ready to pour out bile on everyone.” Chatsky about Molchalin: “Why not a husband? There is only little intelligence in him.” Platon Mikhailovich about Zagoretsky: "A notorious swindler, a rogue." Khlestova considers Zagoretsky "a liar, a gambler and a thief." The Famus society scolds everything new and advanced, but no one looks at himself from the outside, "not noticing about himself." All these people live in the world only for intrigues that look like madness. Chatsky, the main character of the comedy, opposes their views. He is a preacher of new life, a defender of advanced ideas. Alexander Andreevich is a smart, sincere, noble person. He is also very courageous and determined. Confirmation of this is Chatsky's monologue “And who are the judges? ..”. Remember how he criticized high society with its old views on life, talked about the injustice that reigns between the rich and the poor, how he wanted to serve the Fatherland, but “it’s sickening to serve”? Witty, eloquent, Chatsky maliciously ridicules the vile vices of Famus society: kowtowing to superiors, servility and servility. His mind, rich and figurative language find abundant material for this:

Judgments draw from forgotten newspapers

The times of the Ochakovskys and the conquest of the Crimea ...

Chatsky despises braggarts who receive their "lyre" not by serving the Motherland, but by flattering some individual person. Griboyedov wanted to show how

it is difficult for a person whose thoughts and behavior differ from the opinion of the majority.

It is likely that there will be a Famus society all the time, because there will always be people who will be commanded by the upper classes. The comedy "Woe from Wit" made a huge contribution to the development of Russian literature and became an immortal treasure of people. It can be said that Russian drama was born along with this work.

Very often in life we come across people who can be compared with the Famus society. They are vile, stupid and mediocre. What is the mind for them? And what does it really mean? These issues are resolved in the great work of Russian literature by A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit".

This grief was the main character of the comedy, Alexander Andreevich Chatsky - an intelligent, noble, honest and courageous person. He hates and despises the Famus society, in which the main theme in life is servitude. He can be compared to a lone hero who fights an entire regiment. But his superiority was that he was unusually intelligent. Chatsky wanted to honestly serve his homeland, but he did not want to serve higher ranks: “I would be glad to serve, it’s sickening to serve.” These words of his testify that we have before us a proud, witty and eloquent person. In this work, A.S. Griboyedov shows the conflict between two opposite sides - Chatsky and Famusovsky society. Alexander Andreevich is a victim of his wit.

The people with whom he was surrounded did not understand him and did not even strive for this. They are accustomed to live in eternal "slavery", the concept of freedom is alien to them. It seems to me that Chatsky is not the only positive character in this comedy, there are such characters that Griboyedov only mentions in his work. This is Skalozub's cousin, who left the service and went to the village, the nephew of Princess Tugoukhovskaya, Prince Fedor, a chemist and botanist. They can be considered allies of Chatsky. The main character is simply unbearable to be in the company of people like Famusov, Skalozub, Molchalin. They considered themselves very intelligent, earning their position by sycophancy. So Famusov confirms this in his own words: “Even though he’s honest, though he’s not, it’s even for us, dinner is ready for everyone.” And also, talking about his late uncle, who knew when to serve, he was proud that it was his relative who was so “smart”. People from the Famus society did not notice how stupid their morals were. These people lived an imaginary life, without thinking about the main thing - about its meaning. Chatsky loved Sophia very much and confessed this to her at their first meeting after a long separation, and she answered him: “Why do you need me?”. The protagonist begins to think that she has become the same as her father and his entourage. Chatsky leaves Moscow, realizing that he has no place there. But the Famus society cannot be considered the winner, since Chatsky did not lose this battle, he did not become like these people, did not sink to their level. It seems to me that this person was born a little earlier than the time in which it would be easier for him to live. I believe that the comedy of A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" is a great work of Russian literature, which is immortal.

I read a great comedy by A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit". It was created by the author for eight years. “Woe from Wit” is a comedy about how a crowd of fools does not understand one sane person. The events of the comedy develop in one Moscow aristocratic house within one day. The main characters of this work are Chatsky, Famusov, his daughter Sophia and Famusova's secretary Molchalin.

In comedy, there is a Famus society that opposes Chatsky. It lives with the opposite worldview, honoring and defending servility and hypocrisy. Chatsky himself appears in the Famus world, like a cleansing thunderstorm. He is in everything opposite to the typical representatives of the Famus society. If Molchalin, Famusov, Skalozub see the meaning of life in their well-being, then Chatsky dreams of selfless service to the fatherland, of benefiting the people whom he respects and considers “smart and vigorous”. So, in a conversation with Famusov Skalozub utters the following phrase:

Yes, in order to get ranks, there are many channels.

These people are deeply indifferent to the fate of their homeland and people. Their cultural and moral level can be judged by such remarks by Famusov: “Take away all the books and burn them,” because “scholarship is the reason” that “crazy divorced people and deeds and opinions.” Chatsky has a different opinion - a man of extraordinary intelligence, courageous, honest, sincere. He appreciates people who are ready "to put a mind hungry for knowledge into science." This is the only character that reflects many important traits of the author's personality. Chatsky is a person to whom the author trusts his thoughts and views. The hero Griboyedov has a lot of strength, he is eager for action and is ready to prove his point of view. So, in a conversation with Famusov, Chatsky says:

Chatsky is a representative of that part of the noble youth that rebels against the society of the Famusovs, the pufferfish, the silent ones. There are still a few such people, they are not yet capable of fighting the existing system, but they appear. That is why Chatsky can rightly be called a hero of his time. It was they who were to carry out the first stage of the revolutionary liberation movement, stir up the country, bring nearer the time when the people would be freed from the chains of slavery.

If I were asked why I liked the comedy “Woe from Wit”, I would answer this way: “An interesting plot, bright characters, unique thoughts and statements emotionally affected me.” This work is one of those that, once read, you leave in your memory for a long time. The comedy "Woe from Wit" cannot be imagined without the author himself. Griboyedov and "Woe from Wit" - this is something without which neither one nor the other could exist alone.

The very name of the comedy “Woe from Wit” suggests that the main character was not understood by the people around him. This hero, to whom the author pays more attention, is Chatsky. He is an intelligent, smart, honest, kind, sincere, courageous, disinterested, cheerful, progressive person. He is not afraid to express his point of view. He soberly assesses the situation and the position of the Famus society, not being afraid to express his opinion. Boldly entering into a conversation, he expresses his thoughts to the faces of his interlocutors. For example, the quote “Houses are new, but prejudices are old” speaks of the modern view of this person on life in Russia. The subtle and penetrating mind of Chatsky does not accept the Famus society, which he criticizes. The main character is disgusted to humiliate himself in front of people who are higher in the service and, perhaps, undeservedly occupy military posts, for example, Colonel Skalozub.

Comparing Chatsky with the colonel, we can say that he is higher in mental development, thinking, courage, which Skalozub does not have. I think that Skalozub, who holds such a position in the state, is not worthy to manage and command the regiments that were under his command. He could not cope with his duty to the Fatherland, because he does not have such virtues as Chatsky.

The face completely opposite to Chatsky is Molchalin. I have a special opinion about him. Even his last name speaks of meanness, flattery. He always takes advantage of the situation. Molchalin is able to betray, deceive, frame, but at what cost?! Only to get a new position! Chatsky exposes the character of Molchalin and expresses his opinion: “But by the way, he will reach the known levels, because now they love the dumb.”

Speaking about the main representative of the Famusov society, Famusov himself, we can say that this person has a very high opinion of himself: “He is known for his monastic behavior.” In fact, he is an egoist, there is nothing interesting in him as a person. Even contrasting Chatsky with Famusov is impossible. Chatsky is much higher and much more worthy of him.

Chatsky is the winner, despite the fact that he was mistaken for a madman. He was forced to leave Moscow: “Get out of Moscow! I don't come here anymore." As a result, he was never able to achieve the recognition of Famusov and the reciprocal love of Sofia.

Chatsky is a spokesman for new ideas, and therefore society could not understand him correctly and accept him as he is. His image in literature will live on until the mind of mankind understands what ideas need to be fought for and defended.

I read a wonderful comedy by A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit". This comedy makes fun of a stupid, dumb and mean society. It was written in 1824. In the comedy, the author depicts a true picture of the life of the Moscow nobility, which needed to be updated. I would like to start my essay with a quote characterizing the lifestyle of these nobles:

In the love of traitors, in the enmity of the tireless,

Indomitable storytellers,

Clumsy wise men, crafty simpletons,

Sinister old women, old men,

decrepit over fiction, nonsense ...

Griboedov describes the Moscow nobility, consisting of the Famusovs, Zagoretsky, and pufferfish. They don't belong to the high society. These are people who have never served at court. These are various talkers and swindlers like Zagoretsky, who are ready to humiliate themselves in front of the rich in order to get into their favor. This is a famous society. Wealth and nobility are the main requirements in it. The representative of this society is Famusov, who already has an adult daughter. Famusov's ideal is his uncle:

He fell hurt, got up healthy.

And he says this about his attitude:

Signed, so off your shoulders.

Molchalin does not dare to object to his boss. He is quiet, timid, deceitful. Molchalin does not love Sophia, who does not know this. He cares because she likes it. Molchalin has no opinion. He pleases those on whom he depends.

Skalozub - Famusov's friend:

And the golden bag, and marks the generals.

He seeks awards, waits for the moment when someone will retire or be killed in the war.

In the third act, we get to know other friends of Famusov. This is Zagoretsky - a liar and a saint, Khlestova - an ignorant and grouchy old woman, the all-knowing Repetilov, Prince Tugoukhovsky, who is looking for rich and famous husbands for his daughters. The circle of concerns of these people is lunches, dinners, the search for connections that help advance in the service. For them, a promotion can be obtained without special merit:

Yes, in order to get ranks, there are many channels ...

For the sake of awards, they are ready to humiliate themselves, to be jesters. Relations in the world of the Famusovs are based on fear and submission to superiors. It doesn't matter to them whether he is smart or stupid:

Honor for father and son.

The subject of conversation is gossip. The main task for parents is, as it were, to marry or marry their children in a more successful way. And in this insignificant society appears the noble, honest, educated, courageous and witty Chatsky. Chatsky is the only positive character in this comedy. Once he lived in Famusov's house, was friends with Sofia. Gradually, his friendship grew into love, but then he left to wander. Here, three years later, he returns, full of hope. But Sofia no longer loves Chatsky and gives him a cold welcome. She became completely different. She is cold, arrogant. Chatsky, trying to find out who Sofia's chosen one, comes into conflict with the entire Famus society. This society is afraid of Chatsky, because he brings with him new views on life, new orders. But the Moscow nobility does not want to change anything and declares Chatsky crazy. Famusov is also afraid of Chatsky, because the main character is smart, sharp. He is distinguished by independence of judgment and courage of statements. He accuses the Famus society of lies, slander, helpfulness, pretense, hypocrisy, stupidity, ignorance, for which the society rejects him. At the end, Chatsky leaves. But who is he - the defeated or the winner? Chatsky is a winner because he is not alone! Somewhere there are similar to it, which every day becomes more.

I really liked Griboedov's comedy, because the author, acting as Chatsky, is not afraid to accuse the Moscow nobility of lies and slander. It would be desirable that in our society there was no "woe from the mind."

Who is Chatsky and what is this Famus society? The author compares and contrasts two categories of people who even in our time meet and conflict with each other.

Griboyedov's comedy, like the globe, has two poles. On one of them is Chatsky - an intelligent, courageous, determined person. The author appreciates the mind in people and wants to show his main character as a man of higher moral principles. Arriving in Moscow after a long absence, Alexander Andreevich is disappointed. He hopes to meet Sofia, whom he has loved since childhood. But, having come to her house, he realizes that he is not welcome here. It is in this house that Chatsky encounters the Famus society: Famusov himself, Skalozub, Molchalin and others, just as stupid, mediocre and worthless people. Their main goal was to “deserve” a high rank and have a place in high society. I'm not saying that Chatsky did not belong to high society, but he did not sink to the level of Famusov and his ilk. Alexander Andreevich remained a man of honor, he did not drop his own dignity. Chatsky is trying to understand why he is worse than Molchalin, because he is a deceitful and vile person. Why did Sofia prefer Molchalin, and not him? How did this mean man earn her attention? The main character is afraid to even think that Sophia has become the same as her father. The entire Famus society is trying to destroy a person who is smarter than them. They spread gossip about Chatsky's madness. By this act, the entire Famus society showed its stupidity. No one has refuted this claim. Chatsky understands very well that he does not belong in Moscow, and leaves. But this does not indicate that the Famus society managed to break his pride and honor. On the contrary, Chatsky still remained above Famusov and his entourage.

It seems to me that Chatsky is the most striking example for readers, that is, you and me. Reading a comedy, we absorb what the author wanted to teach, namely: honor, intelligence and human dignity.

In the comedy "Woe from Wit" all the characters are divided into positive - Chatsky - and negative - Famus and Famus society. Griboyedov called Chatsky an advanced person, that is, a person whose image will live forever, and Famus society - the face of all the nobles of that century (“the century of the past”). In the comedy, the Famus society opposes Chatsky. Indeed, in this society, enlightenment and science arouse special hatred. Griboyedov not only ridicules this society, but mercilessly condemns it. Famusov, as the main representative of this society, is an undeveloped person. Therefore, ignorance reigns in his house. Chatsky is the absolute opposite of Famusov. He is a thinking and feeling person. His actions speak for themselves. Chatsky, it seems to me, is very trusting of people. When he returns to Moscow, he, without going home, runs to his beloved. But he was late. Sofia, Famusov's daughter, has changed, she does not have that former love - that's how Famusov's upbringing worked. By this, Griboyedov shows Famusov's selfishness. But as soon as Chatsky arrives, Famusov cordially accepts him as a person of his circle. He says:

Well, you threw out a thing!

Three years did not write two words!

And suddenly it burst like from the clouds.

Famusov, as it were, wants to show his friendship, which has remained. However, it is not. Chatsky immediately runs to Sofia, but she is no longer the same. Despite this, Chatsky still loves her and immediately speaks of her beauty. But in the end he learns everything about her. For Griboedov, knowledge is above everything, and ignorance is below everything. And Griboedov knowingly shows the role of Chatsky and compares his mind with the ignorance of the Famus society. There is a lot of negativity in Famusov, and his ignorance is confirmed by the words in a conversation with Lisa about reading Sophia:

Tell me that it's not good for her eyes to spoil,

And in reading, the use is not great ...

The Famus society calls Chatsky bad and says that he has lost his mind. But what struck Chatsky? This is what Sophia started gossip about Chatsky's madness, and the whole society picked up:

And really you will go crazy from these, from some

From boarding schools, schools, lyceums...

And Chatsky needs to leave Famusov's house. He is defeated, since the Famus society turned out to be stronger than Chatsky. But in turn, he gave a good rebuff to the "past century."

The significance of the comedy "Woe from Wit" lies in the fact that the comedy vividly reflected the time when the struggle between the Decembrists and the oppressor landowners was growing.

“Woe from Wit” is a realistic comedy. Griboedov gave in it a true picture of Russian life. The comedy posed topical social problems of those times: about education, contempt for everything national, worship of foreign, education, service, ignorance of society.

The main character of the comedy is Alexander Andreevich Chatsky. Witty, eloquent, he maliciously ridicules the vices of the society that surrounds him. He differs sharply from those around him in his mind, abilities, independence of judgment. The image of Chatsky is something new, bringing change. This hero is a spokesman for the advanced ideas of his time. Famus society is traditional. His life positions are such that “you need to learn by looking at your elders”, destroy free-thinking thoughts, serve with humility to those who are one step higher, be sure to be rich. Famusov's only passion is a passion for rank and money.

The beliefs of Chatsky and Famusovsky society are different. Chatsky condemns serfdom, imitation of foreign, people's lack of desire for education and their own opinion. The dialogues between Chatsky and Famusov are a struggle. At the beginning of the comedy, it manifests itself not so sharply. Famusov is even ready to give in to Sophia, but at the same time he sets conditions:

I would say, firstly: do not be blissful,

Name, brother, do not manage by mistake,

And, most importantly, go and serve.

To which Chatsky replies:

I would be glad to serve, it is sickening to serve.

But gradually the struggle turns into a battle. Chatsky argues with Famusov about the way and way of life. But the main character is alone in the fight against the views of Moscow society, in which he has no place.

Molchalin and Skalozub are not the last representatives of the Famus society. They are rivals and opponents of Chatsky. Molchalin is helpful, silent. He wants to please with his humility, accuracy, flattery. Puffer shows himself to be someone very important, businesslike, significant. But under his uniform, he hides "weakness, poverty of reason." His thoughts are connected only with getting a higher rank, money, power:

Yes, in order to get ranks, there are many channels;

About them as a true philosopher I judge:

I just want to be a general.

Chatsky does not tolerate lies and falsehood. This man's tongue is as sharp as a knife. Each of his characteristics is labeled and caustic:

Molchalin used to be so stupid!..

Wretched creature!

Has he really grown wiser? .. And that one -

hoarse, strangled, bassoon,

A constellation of maneuvers and mazurkas!

Chatsky's monologue “And who are the judges? ..” mercilessly condemns the Famus society. Each new face that appears in the course of the development of the plot takes the side of Famusov. Gossip grows like a "snowball". And Chatsky can't stand it. He can no longer remain in the society of low, vile, conceited and stupid people. They condemned him for his mind, for freedom of speech and thought, for honesty.

Before leaving, Chatsky throws to the entire Famus society:

You are right: he will come out of the fire unharmed,

Who will have time to spend the day with you,

Breathe the air alone

And his mind will survive.

Chatsky is above them, the best and rare qualities are manifested in him. Those who cannot see and appreciate this, at the very least, are simply fools. Chatsky is immortal, and now this hero is relevant.

The comedy "Woe from Wit" made a huge contribution to the development of Russian literature. Griboyedov's play was, is and will be a modern work until servitude, greed, gossip disappear from our lives.

The comedy was written on the eve of the Decembrist uprising in 1825. In the comedy Woe from Wit, Griboyedov gave a true picture of Russian life after the Patriotic War of 1812. In a small work, Griboyedov depicted only one day in Famusov's house.

In comedy, we meet people who are equal in origin. These are nobles, but everyone has their own views on life. Their opinions contradict each other. A certain conflict arises between them, which is hidden from prying eyes. But in the comedy "Woe from Wit" this conflict is clearly visible and not hidden - the clash of the "Current Century", of which Chatsky was a representative, with the "past century", which is represented by Famusov and his entourage.

One of the most striking figures of comedy is Famusov. Famusov is an influential person who occupies a significant place. In addition, he is a wealthy landowner. An important state position and a large estate create a strong position for Famusov among the Moscow nobility. He does not bother himself with work, he spends his time in idleness:

Magnificent build chambers,

Where they overflow in feasts and prodigality...

He looks at public service as a way to achieve wealth and rank. He uses his official position for personal gain. Famusov looks at enlightenment, new progressive views as a source of “debauchery”. The doctrine considers evil:

Learning is the plague, learning is the cause

What is now more than ever,

Crazy divorced people, and deeds, and opinions.

However, he gives his daughter a good upbringing.

Hospitality for Famusov is a means of maintaining ties with useful people.

Famusov is one of the most prominent representatives of the Moscow nobility. Other people are also represented: Colonel Skalozub, princes Tugoukhovsky, Countess Khryumina.

Griboedov satirically draws the Famus society. The characters are funny and disgusting, but not because the author made them so, but because they are such in reality itself.

Skalozub is a man of age and money. Service for him is not the defense of the fatherland, but the achievement of nobility and money.

Famusov's world consists not only of feudal lords, but also of their servants. Molchalin is an official dependent on the Famus society. Molchalin was taught to please influential people. He received three awards for his diligence. Molchalin is terrible because he can take on any form: both a patriot and a lover. Despite individual differences, all members of the Famus society are a single social group.

Chatsky appears in this society, a man of advanced ideas, fiery feelings and high morality. He belongs to a noble society, but in his way of thinking he does not find like-minded people. In this society, Chatsky feels lonely. His views are rebuffed by others. The sharpest denunciations of Chatsky are directed against serfdom. It is serfdom that makes it possible for the people of the Famus society to live by robbery.

Chatsky left the civil service, as they demanded cringing from him:

I would be glad to serve, it is sickening to serve.

He stands for true enlightenment, art, science. Chatsky is against the upbringing that is given to children in noble families. He fought for freedom of thought, freedom of action. It seems to me that this is the main difference between Chatsky and the Famus society, which did not recognize such mores.

I think that such a great work will delight and surprise more than one generation.

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Russian writers

Alexander Andreyevich Chatsky is a nobleman who has about 400 serfs on his estate. He was orphaned early, so most of his upbringing took place in the house of his father's friend, Famusov. As soon as Alexander entered the age of growing up, he began to live independently. He wanted to get acquainted with the life of the world, and he left his home for 3 years. In this article, we will consider the image and characterization of Chatsky in the comedy in verse "Woe from Wit" by A. S. Griboyedov.

Chatsky's education

Chatsky is a member of the English Club, which included rich and noble representatives of the nobility. He is intelligent, as evidenced by his ability to speak eloquently. From the words of the heroes of the comedy, it becomes known that the young man knows foreign languages, tries to write himself:

"He writes and translates well."

Chatsky's speeches are so correctly composed that it seems that he does not speak, but writes. The advanced views of the young man are not similar to the positions of representatives of the Famusov circle. It is knowledge and the desire for self-improvement that distinguish Alexander Andreevich from other heroes of the work. Famusov sees the reason for Alexander's behavior in education:

"Learning is the plague,

Learning is the reason…”

The fading nobility is ready to close schools, lyceums and gymnasiums, only to prevent the Chatskys from appearing in their path.

Inconsistency of character

Griboedov is trying to bring the situation in the landlord's house closer to reality. This explains the fact that all the heroes of the work have positive and negative features, like ordinary people. Chatsky is no exception.

Mind and categorical. The intellect of the hero does not prevent him from being tactless. He does not analyze his judgments, is not afraid to ridicule the defenseless. They cannot answer him in the same way, as they are limited in mental capabilities. Only statements against immorality justify the behavior of a young nobleman. With categorical judgments, he tries to fight it. But, as a smart person, he could understand that he was talking in vain. His statements do not reach those to whom they are directed. At times it just shakes the air. It seems that this is a conversation with oneself. It was this quality that A. Pushkin did not like. He believes that throwing pearls in front of the Repetilovs is not the business of smart people.

Love and passion. Another contradiction is the feelings of the hero. He is in love with a girl who chose another. And it's hard to even compare them. Love made Chatsky blind. Passion and desire to find out to whom he was preferred, compared him with the funny characters of a comedy ball. I want the hero to leave the stage with his head held high, and he just runs away from those who slandered him and spread gossip.

Hero's love of freedom

Chatsky thinks freely and does not adhere to the rules imposed on him by the older generation. It is the speeches that frighten Famusov. The old landowner includes him among the Jacobins and Carbonari. He does not understand the ideas of Chatsky. Freethinking causes fear and apprehension. Love of freedom led the young man to a path incomprehensible to the old. Two career lines were habitual for the century:

military service;
work as an official.

Chatsky did not become either one or the other. He did not adopt the laws of the service, where it was necessary to obey the established rules. Service fettered a sensual person, hindered his development. The role of an official did not suit Chatsky. Sitting behind the routine, papers did not give the opportunity to engage in creativity, searches. Alexander is trying to find himself in scientific activity or in the niche of literary creativity:

"The mind has put the mind into science ...".

“In the soul ... a fever for creative, lofty and beautiful arts.”

He is not interested in either a position among officials, or promotion in the ranks of military service and civilian ranks.

Truthfulness is the main character trait. The hero everywhere gets to the truth, whatever it may be. It was freedom of thought, liberalism that allowed him to be led into the category of madmen.

Chatsky's weaknesses

Alexander Andreevich, subtly noticing the peculiarities of the character and behavior of people, easily teases and ridicules their vices and weaknesses. He does not try to offend or humiliate his interlocutors with words. Not everyone understands his jokes. He directs most of his judgments against stupid and limited intellect people. He will ridicule, expose him as a jester so that the ridiculed may not understand why they are making fun of him. Other weaknesses of the young landowner:

Sharpness of judgment. Angry - intonation changes:

"a menacing look, and a sharp tone."

Pride. Chatsky does not accept disrespect for himself:

"... you are all proud!"

Sincerity. Alexander does not want to cheat, does not want to pretend. He cheats on himself only because of his love for Sophia:

"For once in my life, I'll pretend."

Sensitivity. The quality of the hero distinguishes him from all the guests in Famusov's house. He is the only one who worries about the girl, does not believe in her changes, love for the insignificant Molchalin, without principles and moral principles.

Patriotism Chatsky

Through the hero, Griboyedov conveyed his worldview. He cannot change the servility of the Russian people. He is surprised by the admiration for everything foreign. The author ridicules such aspirations of the landlords: foreign teachers, clothes, dances, games and hobbies. He is sure that the Russian people should have their own teachers. The hero has a special relationship with language. He does not like the fact that a mixture of “French and Nizhny Novgorod” has been made from Russian speech. He hears the beauty of Russian speech, its singularity and melodiousness. Therefore, there are a lot of folk words in the speech: just now, forest, tea. He easily inserts proverbs and sayings into speech, respects literature. Chatsky quotes the classics, but shows that foreign words should be present in the speech of an educated person, but only where they have a place.

I'm strange, but who's not strange?

The one who looks like all the fools ...

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A smart person in the understanding of Famusov. The image and characterization of Chatsky in the comedy "Woe from Wit" by Griboyedov

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