Those who decide to learn at least something serious in music cannot avoid getting acquainted with various musical notations. From this article, you will learn how to learn to read notes without memorizing them, but only by understanding the logical principles on which musical notation is based.

What is meant by musical notation? This is all that relates, one way or another, to writing and reading notes; this is such a peculiar language that is understandable to all musicians in Europe and America. As you know, each musical sound is determined by 4 physical properties: pitch, duration, volume and timbre(coloring). And with the help of musical notation, the musician receives information about all these four properties of the sound that he is going to sing or play on. musical instrument.

I propose to deal with how each of the properties of musical sound is displayed in musical notation.

Pitch

The whole range of musical sounds is built in single system – scale, that is, such a series in which all sounds follow each other in order, from the lowest to the highest sounds, or vice versa. The soundtrack is divided into octaves s - segments of the musical scale, each of which contains a set of notes of the same name - do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si.

Used to write and read music stave- this is a line for recording notes in the form of five parallel lines (it is more correct to say - rulers). Any notes of the scale are recorded on musical staff: on the rulers, under the rulers or above them (and, of course, between the rulers with equal success). Lines are numbered from bottom to top:

The notes themselves are indicated by oval-shaped heads. If the main five lines are not enough to record the note, then special additional lines are introduced for them. The higher the note sounds, the higher it is located on the rulers:

An idea of ​​​​the exact pitch of the sound is given by musical keys, of which two are most known to everyone - treble and bass. Musical notation for beginners is based on the study of the treble clef in the first octave. They are written like this:

Read about ways to quickly memorize all the notes in the article, follow the suggestions there practical exercises and you will not notice how the problem will disappear by itself.

Note durations

The duration of each note refers to the area of ​​musical time, which is a continuous movement with the same speed of equal shares, comparable to the measured beat of the pulse. Usually one such beat is associated with a quarter note in duration. Look at the picture, you will see graphic image notes of different duration and their names:

Of course, smaller durations are also used in music. And you already understood that each new, smaller duration is obtained by dividing a whole note by the number 2 to the nth power: 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, etc. So, we can divide a whole note not only into 4 quarter notes, but with equal success into 8 eighth or 16 sixteenth notes.

Music time is very well organized, and in addition to shares, larger units are involved in its organization - so you, that is, segments that contain exactly the specified number of beats. Measures are distinguished visually by separating one from the other with a vertical barline. The number of beats in bars, and the duration of each of them is reflected in notes using a numeric size.

And sizes, and durations, and shares are closely related to such an area in music as rhythm. Musical notation for beginners usually operates with the simplest sizes, for example, 2/4, 3/4, etc. See how the musical rhythm can be organized in them.

Volume

How to play this or that motive - loudly or quietly, is also indicated in the notes. Everything is simple here. Here are the icons you will see:

Timbre

The timbre of sounds is an area that is almost not affected by musical notation for beginners. However, as a rule, there are different instructions in the notes on this matter. The simplest is the name of the instrument or voice for which this composition is intended. The hardest part is related to playing technique (for example, turning the pedals on and off on the piano) or sound extraction techniques (for example, harmonics on the violin).

This should stop: on the one hand, you have already learned a lot about what can be read in music, on the other hand, there is still a lot to learn. Follow the site for updates. If you liked this material, recommend it to your friends using the buttons at the bottom of the page.

Hello, dear vocalists!

Today we will walk through the basics of solfeggio, find out what it is and how to study it correctly and competently in stages. The tutorial is not useful yet, all the most important in this article. So

Solfeggio is a discipline that is designed to develop musical ear, and learns notes, octaves, keys, durations, intervals, etc... This allows you to train your ear with musical dictations, analyzes, solfegging, etc.

1. The first thing you need to know is, of course, the notes (there are only 7 of them) and their symbols.

1st - TO (C)

5th - SALT (G)

7th - SI (H, can also sign B)

An example on the piano keys.

If you don't have a piano, you can download the app to your phone or computer to practice solfeggio.

Here is an example in a music notebook in treble clef, in the first octave.

What is an octave?

An octave is a musical interval consisting of 8 steps! Example:

Do, re, mi, fa, salt, la, si, do. Also, do not forget about such a concept as a scale.

A scale is a sequence of sounds arranged in ascending and descending order in solfeggio. Vocals for beginners are possible without this knowledge, but in the future they will come in handy.

Octaves on the musical instrument piano.

You should know how many octaves, notes, keys and their names are:

• Subcontroctave (this octave is incomplete, starts with "La" and has only 3 notes)
• Contractave
• Big octave
• small octave
• First octave
• Second octave
• third octave
• fourth octave
• Fifth octave (has only one note “Do”)

There are 88 keys on the piano - 52 white and 36 black.

Keys

The key determines the location of notes on the stave in solfeggio. Vocals for beginners do not require knowledge of the keys, but if you want to sing from notes, this will be useful.

There are 3 in total:

• The treble is the most common and popular clef. It comes from the note "salt" of the first octave. It is drawn on the second line of the staff.
• The bass is the second most common clef after the treble! It is drawn on the fourth line of the staff and surrounds the line on which the note “F” of a small octave is written.
• Alto - denotes the note "Do" of the first octave. It is drawn on the middle line of the stave.

Alteration

Raising or lowering a note.

Let's find out what characters exist with the key:

• sharp - increase by half a tone,
• flat - lowering by a semitone,
• bekar - cancellation of signs at the key.

Accidentals are divided into 2 types:

• key - are written next to the key and act until new ones appear.
• random - placed before the note.

Tone and semitone.

A semitone is a smaller distance. That is, 2 adjacent keys, including black ones. A tone is 2 semitones.

Intervals

Interval - 2 sounds, which can be the same note, or two different ones.

The lower sound of an interval is its base, and the upper sound is its top.

Intervals are divided into 2 types:

• melodic - notes that are taken sequentially,
• harmonic - the same note taken at the same time.

So, let's consider what are the values ​​of the intervals:

• Prima (1)
• Second (2)
• Third (3)
• Quart (4)
• Quinta (5)
• Sexta (6)
• Septima (7)
• Octave (8)

Also, the value of the interval is the number of semitones and tones in it. So, the following intervals are formed between the steps: Pure prima (0 semitones)

• Minor second (1 semitone)
• Major second (2 semitones)
• Minor third (3 semitones)
• Major third (4 semitones)
• Perfect fourth (5 semitones)
• Augmented fourth (6 semitones)
• Pure fifth (7 semitones)
• Diminished fifth (6 semitones)
• Minor sixth (8 semitones)
• Major sixth (9 semitones)
• Minor seventh (10 semitones)
• Major seventh (11 semitones)
• Pure octave (12 semitones)

Duration

If we listen to songs, we catch by ear that notes and pauses have different durations. Some sound longer, some faster ... In order to understand the durations, we need a metronome for 60 beats.

So, let's look at the names and notation:

• a whole note is the longest. Rhythmically consists of 4 metronome beats.
• half note - 2 times shorter than a whole note. Therefore, it sounds rhythmically on 2 beats of the metronome.
• quarter note - rhythmically goes to each beat of the metronome.
• eighth note - accelerates in rhythm compared to a quarter by 2 times. Therefore, there are 2 eighths per beat of the metronome!
• sixteenth note - naturally, 2 times faster than the eighth note. Therefore, 4 sixteenth notes have time to pass for one beat of the metronome.

Here, our dear readers, are the basics that you need to know for a vocalist in solfeggio. Vocals for beginners are possible without this, but for those who want to sing with pure intonation and feel the rhythm of the songs, this will definitely come in handy.

If you've read this far, then you obviously have a serious approach to vocals. And we have a serious approach to learning:

A unique technique that has shown its effectiveness on hundreds of students.

Exercises that will allow you to sing both high and low notes in a month, and in two months to perform and earn vocals.

Teachers who cannot imagine their life without the progress of their students.

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I wish you success in studying the material! You will certainly succeed!

This manual is the result of many years of pedagogical work of the author with children. It contains didactic material which helps children to master the mode, rhythm, intervals and other elements of the musical language in game form. Instead of boring rules - lively, easy-to-remember original songs, in addition to traditional exercises - funny Games. All this allows children to be interested in the learning process, to involve them in the world of fantasy and creativity. As a result, students easily master the most complex theoretical concepts, easily mastering the “alphabet of music”. Lessons become exciting game, and solfeggio - in the most favorite subject of the school curriculum!
The manual will be a good help in the work for teachers of general education and music schools, choral studios, aesthetic education centers.

DEVELOPMENT OF LADA.
Complex abstract names that are incomprehensible to kids become closer if the teacher uses associations with phenomena of the world that are well known to children. When explaining the topic "tonality", teachers often draw a parallel with friendly family. You can remind the children that every family has a head: someone has a mother, someone has fallen or a grandfather. In the community of musical sounds, the tonic “rules”. Just as any person, having become an adult, can create his own family and be the head of it, so any sound can build its own " musical family» - tonality and be the tonic in it. Members of the same family often have a common surname - father or mother. Tonality also bears the name of its tonic and mode. In some methodological works on solfeggio, mode and tonality are compared with a special musical country, a modal kingdom, where the tonic queen rules (manuals by T. Pervozvanskaya, Zh. Zhuravleva).

In this case, it is legitimate to liken the first step to a “throne”, which can be occupied by any sound, and not just the “do” note, as the guys often begin to think. To overcome this problem, it is necessary from the very beginning to write down, select and sing the melodies that the teacher gives as musical dictations, from different sounds, drawing the attention of the guys to the fact that tonics are changing. When singing dictations in various keys with showing steps on " musical ladder”(a manual that will be discussed later), you can ask the students which note has now occupied the “throne”, that is, the first step.

CONTENT
From the author
I. Mastering the mode
II. Rhythmic exercises
III. Working on intervals
IV. Games with other elements of the musical language
Song of the steps
Parallel minor
Stubborn donkey
Consonance and dissonance
Song of Intervals
Song about the main steps
Song about the circle of fifths of major keys
sharp and flat
Song about the order of sharps and flats
List of used literature.

Free download e-book in a convenient format, watch and read:
- fileskachat.com, fast and free download.

Download pdf
Below you can buy this book at the best discounted price with delivery throughout Russia.