cowardice- Tendency to cowardice, timidity.
Dictionary Ushakov

Cowardice (lack of courage) is a serious disease that occurs if a person does not manage his fears. The disease slowly progresses, metastases gradually appear. Unlike recklessness (excessive courage, no less serious illness), cowardice is not fatal: you can live with it for 100 years or more. Typical symptoms include loss of self-respect and respect for others, developmental arrest, and personality destruction. To successfully deal with cowardice, it is important to understand the difference between destroying fears, which in principle should not be aimed at, and managing fears. The destruction of fears leads to recklessness, which often shortens life or leads to disability.

Fear management sees fear as a useful mechanism to create a cushion between the individual and the unknown. Often, fear allows us to slow down in time and stop in the face of danger. Fear management can be reactive and proactive and includes detecting, classifying, investigating the causes of fear, and developing response methods.

• Cowardice is fear multiplied by laziness.
• Cowardice is the inability to overcome your complexes and become a winner.
• Cowardice is the unwillingness to challenge fear.
• Cowardice is the inability to analyze and adapt to the new.
• Cowardice is the unwillingness to act coolly and rationally.

The disadvantages of cowardice

• Cowardice paralyzes a person, preventing him from moving forward.
• Cowardice does not allow a person to make his own decisions, forcing him to implement others.
• Cowardice puts a person in the herd - for life.
• Cowardice deprives a person not only of self-respect, but also of the respect of others: it is difficult to find an excuse for it.
• Cowardice does not allow a person to stand up for himself, making him dependent and vulnerable.

Manifestations of cowardice in everyday life

• collective non-intervention. Kindergarteners in Taiwan are taught to fight back against bullies and robbers. Instead of the usual games, the kids have activities similar to training " fur seals". According to the educators, one of the goals of the program is to develop the children's resilience, courage and self-confidence. Unfortunately, in childhood we were not taught en masse to either stand up for ourselves or stand up for others.
• military laws. Since ancient times, cowardice has been punished by the military laws of many countries. In particular, cowardly behavior is mentioned in the US Uniform Code of Military Justice. The laws of many countries establish penalties for acts of cowardice, such as desertion in the face of the enemy and surrender, ranging from corporal punishment to the death penalty. One can recall the order signed by Stalin in August 1941 "On the responsibility of servicemen for surrendering and leaving weapons to the enemy", according to which violators could be shot on the spot.
• Crimes based on cowardice. Hit-and-run (leaving the scene of a traffic accident) is considered a crime in most countries.
• Cowardice tax. History remembers the times when knights could legally avoid military duty simply by paying a tax to the king.

How to overcome cowardice

• Responsibility. Take responsibility for decisions, actions and consequences; don't pass it on to others. Guided by this principle, you take control of your fears: no one can do it better than you.
• Analysis. Be curious, don't be lazy, learn everything about the subject of your fear. Knowledge is power, it will help you identify and forget imaginary fears, as well as find solutions to real problems.
• Action. Be constantly busy, do not let anxiety and worry take over you. 80% of our worries do not materialize. Drug companies will scare you with new diseases, politicians and economists with crises and recessions, journalists with crimes and disasters, and you do your job, eat right, spend time in nature and play sports.
• Self-esteem. Boost your self-esteem by becoming an expert at what most people fear, like public speaking. This will give you strength and make you a winner.

Golden mean

cowardice

Courage

recklessness

Popular expressions about cowardice

Nelson would be afraid of ten thousand fleas, but a flea would not be afraid of ten thousand Nelsons. - Mark Twain - Hatred is the coward's revenge for the experience of fear. - Bernard Shaw - Fear can be used, unlike cowardice. - Mahatma Gandhi - Humor is the most attractive form of cowardice. - Robert Frost - Steve Pavlina / Courage to live. Everything from a recognized personal development expert At the age of 20, Steve Pavlina was arrested for theft and sentenced to 60 hours. public works. This event was a turning point in his life: Steve became one of the most popular Internet bloggers in the world, the author of self-development books and a successful speaker. The author believes that a person who in his actions is guided by the seven fundamental principles (Truth, Love, Integrity, Intelligence, Authority, Strength and Courage) is doomed to success. Rajneesh Osho / Dangerous - True! Courage to accept the unknowable“At first there is not much difference between a coward and a brave man. The only difference is, a coward listens to his fears and follows them, while a courageous person pushes them aside and moves forward. A courageous person goes into the unknown without looking back at his fears. Osho says.

In this article, we will consider such a thing as cowardice. We will give examples, we will analyze in detail the meaning of this word. Writers often address this issue. For example literary works Let us give examples of cowardice in various situations. Analyze behavior and actions literary characters. So, let's begin. What is cowardice?

Definition of this term

The concept of "cowardice" refers to the refusal of a person from any action or deed in a certain situation, the reason for which lies in fear. Such human behavior is considered negative trait character. The word "cowardice" comes from the noun coward (in the Proto-Slavic language it means "the one who is shaking"). The words cowardly or cowardly are also derivatives of it.

The main cause of cowardice is fear. It should not be confused with prudence and must be able to distinguish from excessive caution. Caution is a quality of a person, which means a particularly attentive attitude, an increased manifestation of vigilance. It is the ability to think several steps ahead, foreseeing the consequences of one's actions and the possible reaction of people. After all, the goal of caution is the successful implementation of conceived plans, which fundamentally does not correspond to cowardice.

How else can one define what an unreasonable flight from some perceived danger is without an adequate assessment of the latter.

Manifestation of cowardice. Examples

It should be remembered that fear itself is a natural defensive reaction for a living being. This is the instinct of self-preservation. But, given many circumstances, it often takes strength to overcome fear. In many cases, a person is able to overcome this feeling, and in some circumstances not.

An example is the case when the same person is afraid of heights, but is not afraid to engage in single combat with a group of notorious villains. Or, for example, showing cowardice in front of the boss, the same person is not afraid to jump out of the plane with a parachute.

So what is cowardice? Mental weakness that prevents you from doing what is necessary in the face of fear. It is important to be able to distinguish a coward from a normal person who is afraid of something. After all, not everyone should be considered as such if for some reason he experiences such a feeling. Since the coward at the necessary moment is not capable of responsible actions, therefore he is inclined to commit a crime because of his fear. Therefore, a coward is considered a potential traitor who is able to frame, slander, and throw him into danger.

A normal person experiences a feeling of fear. But he is able to take his fear under control, he will not commit a crime. A coward is like an animal that, driven by fear, is incapable of the process of thinking, and does everything to save its precious skin. Therefore, cowardice is always despised. This is a shameful quality of a person, causing only disgust.

"Fathers and Sons", "Garnet Bracelet". Reckless courage and desperate cowardice

Writers often turn to this topic. There are many examples of this in the literature. Let's take a look at some of them. Everyone knows from school curriculum Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" Using the example of Bazarov's character, consider the situation. The duel that took place, the cause of which was a kiss, describes the behavior and condition of the heroes, for whom honor is not an empty phrase. Overcoming fear, the heroes defend their beliefs, although one kiss should not endanger a person's life. desperate cowardice and temerity steel as opposed to

There is another notable example of cowardice in Kuprin's work " Garnet bracelet". The hero of the story is a petty official who is selflessly in love with a woman. But the fear of rejection keeps him from opening up to her. The heroine, in turn, fearing shocks in love and preferring a quiet marriage, makes a choice in favor of another man. And only after the death of a man in love with her, she realizes that true love in her life has passed her by.

"War and Peace". Cowardice and valor. Victory over yourself

What is cowardice? The opposite of courage and bravery. Trained courage, first of all, is a victory over your fears, in other words, a victory over yourself.

As an example, here we can cite the character of the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" by Nikolai Rostov, who during his first battle experienced a feeling of fear, could not overcome the cowardice that had swallowed him and fled from the enemy. In the future, he will be able to defeat cowardice in himself and act like a real brave man, defending his homeland from the oppression of the enemy.

"Eugene Onegin". Public opinion

By all of us favorite work The brilliant Russian poet Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin describes a similar situation in which the main one finds himself. He receives a challenge to a duel from Vladimir Lensky, to whom he does not feel hostility, but, fearing condemnation from society, accepts the challenge. Under fear of being branded as a coward, Onegin becomes one.

The meaning of the word "cowardice" in this situation can be thought of as the inability to do the right thing under fear of public opinion. In contrast, as an example, one can put the act of Tatyana Larina, who, not afraid of the opinion of society, herself declares her love to Onegin. And years later, she again confesses her love to him, but does the right thing, thereby proving that loyalty to her is not an empty phrase.

Quotes. Wisdom of life

An example is a quote about cowardice that is written in Gilbert Keith Chesterton's The Prehistoric Station, which reads as follows: "Noble people are vertebrates: they have softness on top, and hardness deep inside. Mollusks are current cowards: they are hard on the outside, but soft on the inside.

Or here is such a wise quote from L.N. Tolstoy: "A cowardly friend is more terrible than an enemy, because you fear the enemy, but you rely on your friend." on this occasion, he once said the following words: “A person can find any reason except for one single reason to justify his actions, and for his crimes he also finds any justification except one, for his safety - any reason except one, and this one is his cowardice."

There is another very nice saying, which I would like to give here as an example: “A warrior dies once and always with dignity, while a coward dies thousands of times, every time he is afraid, and he always dies like a cowardly jackal.”

Synonyms. Meaning and examples

First of all, it should be noted that synonyms are words that are distinguishable in spelling and sound, but belong to the same part of speech, have a similar lexical meaning. In our case, the words timidity, fearfulness, indecision can be considered synonyms for the word cowardice. The line between all these words is quite thin. To understand a coward, you or not, you need to get into an extreme situation. And if, overcoming your fear, you are able to go forward for the sake of some good goal, you are not a coward, but a worthy person. To date, it has been proven that fear can be corrected. A coward can be re-educated.

Conclusion

In conclusion, summing up what has been said, I would like to note the following point: what is cowardice and how to get rid of this vice? Cowardice is mental weakness, betrayal. First of all, you need to learn how to control yourself and subdue your fear with the help of reason and will. Choose the right mindset and keep your fear in tight control of it. Until he becomes your slave, your servant. Replace fear with such a quality as courage, which is inherent in the best sons of mankind: warriors, knights, officers and just worthy people.

Direction "COURAGE AND CORISHNESS"

This direction is based on a comparison of opposite manifestations of the human "I": readiness for decisive actions and the desire to hide from danger, to evade the resolution of complex, sometimes extreme life situations. On the pages of many literary works, both heroes capable of bold actions and characters demonstrating weakness of spirit and lack of will are presented.

The topic "Courage and cowardice" can be considered in the following aspects:

Courage and cowardice in war

Courage and cowardice in expressing one's position, point of view, in defending one's principles, views

Courage and cowardice of a man in love

COURAGE - a positive moral-volitional personality trait, manifested as determination, fearlessness, courage when performing actions associated with risk and danger. Courage allows a person to overcome the fear of something unknown, complex, new by willpower and achieve success in achieving the goal. It is not for nothing that this quality is highly revered among the people: “God owns the brave”, “The courage of the city takes”. It is also honored as the ability to speak the truth (“Dare to have your own judgment”). Courage allows you to face the truth and objectively evaluate your capabilities, not be afraid of the dark, loneliness, water, heights and other difficulties and obstacles. Courage makes a person feel dignity, sense of responsibility, security, reliability of life.

Synonyms: courage, determination, courage, heroism, enterprise, arrogance, self-confidence, energy; presence, uplifting of spirit; spirit, courage, desire (to tell the truth), audacity, boldness; fearlessness, fearlessness, fearlessness, fearlessness; fearlessness, decisiveness, daring, heroism, courage, riskiness, desperation, audacity, innovation, daring, audacity, audacity, daring, trouble, valor, novelty, courage, masculinity.

Courage

Courage is the ability of a person, overcoming fear, to do desperate things, sometimes risking his own life.

Courage is shown by a person in war, when he courageously, bravely fights the enemy, does not allow fear to overcome him, thinks about his comrades, relatives, people, country. Courage helps him overcome all the hardships of the war, emerging victorious or dying for his homeland.

Courage is the quality of a person, expressed in the fact that he always defends his views and principles to the end, he can openly express his position in the eyes of people if he does not agree with them. Courageous people are able to defend their ideals, move forward, leading others, transforming society.

Professional courage pushes people to take risks, people strive to realize their projects, dreams, sometimes overcoming obstacles that authorities can put up for them.

Courage may not manifest itself in a person for a long time. On the contrary, he is sometimes outwardly very modest and quiet. However, in a difficult moment, it is the brave people who take responsibility for themselves, saving others, helping them. And often these are not only adults, but children who amaze with their determination and courage, for example, saving a drowning friend.

Courageous people can do great things. And if there are a lot of these people or the whole people, then such a state is invincible.

Courage is also manifested in the fact that a person is irreconcilable to any injustice, both in relation to himself and in relation to other people. A brave person will not look indifferently or indifferently at the way they humiliate and insult others, for example, colleagues. He will always stand up for them, as he does not accept any manifestation of injustice and evil.

Courage is one of the highest moral qualities of a person. It is necessary to strive to be truly courageous in everything in life: deeds, deeds, relationships, while thinking about others.

COWARDICE - one of the expressions of cowardice; a negative, moral quality that characterizes the behavior of a person who is unable to perform actions that meet moral requirements (or, conversely, refrain from immoral actions), due to the inability to overcome fear of natural or social forces. T. can be a manifestation of prudent self-love, when it is based on fears of incurring adverse consequences, someone's anger, fear of losing existing benefits or social position. It can also be subconscious, a manifestation of spontaneous fear of unknown phenomena, unknown and uncontrolled social and natural laws. In both cases, T. is not just an individual property of the psyche of this or that person, but a social phenomenon. It is associated either with egoism, which has taken root in the psychology of people over the centuries-old history of private property, or with the impotence and depressed position of a person, generated by a state of alienation (even fear of natural phenomena develops into T. only under certain conditions of social life and the corresponding upbringing of a person). Communist morality condemns T., because it leads to immoral acts: to dishonesty, opportunism, unscrupulousness, deprives a person of the ability to be a fighter for a just cause, entails connivance with evil and injustice. Communist education of the individual and the masses, enlisting people to take an active part in the construction of the society of the future, man’s awareness of his place in the world, his purpose and possibilities, and the subordination of natural and social laws to him contribute to the gradual eradication of tyranny from the life of individuals and society as a whole.

Synonyms : timidity, timidity, cowardice, suspiciousness, indecision, hesitation, fear; fearfulness, fear, shyness, cowardice, timidity, fearfulness, capitulation, cowardice, cowardice. Cowardice

Cowardice is such a state of a person when he is afraid of literally everything: a new environment, changes in life, meeting new people. Fear fetters all his movements, preventing him from living with dignity, joyfully.

At the heart of cowardice is often a person's low self-esteem, fear of seeming ridiculous, of being in an awkward position. A person is better to keep silent, try to be invisible.

A cowardly person will never take responsibility for himself, he will hide behind other people's backs so that, in which case, he will not be guilty.

Cowardice interferes with promotion, in the realization of one's dreams, in the realization of goals. The indecision inherent in such a person will not allow him to reach the end along the intended path, since there will always be reasons that do not allow this to be done.

A cowardly person makes his life bleak. He always seems to envy from someone and something, he lives with an eye.

However, a coward is terrible during difficult trials for the people, the country. Exactly cowardly people become traitors, because they think first of all about themselves, about their lives. Fear pushes them to crime.

Cowardice is one of the most negative traits of a person's character, you must try to get rid of it in yourself.

The composition in the context of this aspect can be based on a comparison of opposite manifestations of personality - from determination and courage, the manifestation of willpower and fortitude of some heroes to the desire to evade responsibility, hide from danger, show weakness, which can even lead to betrayal.

1. N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba"

Ostap and Andriy are the two sons of Taras Bulba, the protagonist of N.V. Gogol's story. Both were brought up in the same family, studied in the same seminary. Both from childhood were inspired by the same high moral principles. Why did one become a traitor and the other a hero? What pushed Andriy to a low deed - to go against his comrades, his father? In fact, he became a coward, because he could not stay true to what he was taught, showed a weakness of character. And what is this if not cowardice? Ostap heroically accepted martyrdom, boldly looking into the eyes of enemies. How hard it was for him last minutes, so he wanted to see strangers in the crowd loved one. So he shouted, overcoming the pain: “Father! Where are you? Do you hear? The father, risking his life, supported his son, shouting out from the crowd that he heard him, his Ostap. At the heart of people's actions are those moral foundations that make up the essence of his character. For Andriy, he was always in the first place. Since childhood, he tried to dodge punishment, hide behind other people's backs. And in the war, in the first place were not his comrades, not his homeland, but love for the young beauty - the Poles, for the sake of which he betrayed everyone, in battle he went to his own. How not to recall the famous speech of Taras about comradeship, in which he put loyalty to his comrades, fighting comrades-in-arms in the first place. “Let them all know what partnership means in the Russian land! If it comes to that, to die, then none of them will ever die like that! .. No one, no one! .. Their mouse nature is not enough for that!” Andriy could not become like that, cowardly in the last minutes of his life looking into the eyes of his father, whom he had betrayed. Ostap, on the other hand, was always a proud, independent person, he never hid behind the backs of others, he always boldly answered for his actions, in the war he turned out to be a real comrade, whom Taras could be proud of. To remain brave to the end, not to show cowardice in one's deeds and deeds - readers of N.V. Gogol's story, "Taras Bulba", come to this conclusion, realizing how important it is to do right, deliberate deeds and deeds in life.

2. M.A. Sholokhov The fate of man»

War is a serious test for the country, the people, for each individual. She checks who is who. In war, everyone reveals himself in all his essence. Here you can not play the role of a traitor or a coward. Here they become. Andrey Sokolov. His fate is the fate of millions of Soviet people who survived the war, who survived the most terrible battle with fascism. He, like many others, remained a Man - devoted, courageous, loyal to the people, close, who did not lose the feeling of kindness, pity and mercy for others. At the heart of his actions is love. Love for loved ones, country, life in general. This feeling makes him bold, courageous, helps to survive all the severe trials that befell the hero: the death of his family, the terrible battles in which he participated, the horrors of captivity, the death of his comrades. How much you need to have this huge love to survive after all this!

Courage- this is an opportunity to overcome fear, which, of course, was characteristic of everyone in the war. However, not everyone could overcome this fear. Then cowardice crept into my heart - for myself, for my life. She literally took possession of a person, forcing him to commit betrayal. So one of the prisoners, soldier Kryzhnev, who, like Sokolov, fell into the hands of the Nazis, decided to extradite a communist platoon commander (“... I don’t intend to answer for you”) in order to save his life. He has not yet experienced the horrors of captivity, but fear has already made him a coward, and cowardice has led to the thought of betrayal. It's hard to kill your own, but Andrey did it because this "one's own" crossed the line beyond which - betrayal, spiritual death, death of other people. To remain human in inhuman conditions, to be able to overcome one's fear, showing courage, courage, not to become a coward and a traitor - this is a moral rule that a person simply must follow, no matter how hard it may be.

Courage and cowardice in love.

Georgy Zheltkov is a petty official whose life is devoted to unrequited love for Princess Vera. As you know, his love was born long before her marriage, but he preferred to write letters to her, pursued her. The reason for this behavior lay in his self-doubt and fear of being rejected. Perhaps if he were bolder, he could become happy with the woman he loves. Vera Sheina was also afraid to be happy and wanted a quiet marriage, without shocks, so she married a cheerful and handsome Vasily, with whom everything was very simple, but she did not experience great love. Only after the death of her admirer, looking at his dead body, Vera realized that the love that every woman dreams of had passed her by. The moral of this story is this: you need to be brave not only in everyday life, but also in love, you need to take risks without fear of being rejected. Only courage can lead to happiness, cowardice and, as a result, conformism, leads to great disappointment, as happened with Vera Sheina.

Examples of the manifestation of these qualities of a person can be found in almost any work of classical literature.

Artworks:

§ VK. Zheleznikov "Scarecrow"

§ M.A. Bulgakov: The Master and Margarita white guard»

§ J. Rowling "Harry Potter"

§ B.L. Vasiliev "The Dawns Here Are Quiet"

§ A.S. Pushkin: " Captain's daughter", "Eugene Onegin"

§ V.V. Bykov "Sotnikov

§ S. Collins "The Hunger Games"

§ A.I. Kuprin "Garnet bracelet", "Olesya"

§ V.G. Korolenko "The Blind Musician"

§ J. Orwell "1984"

§ V. Roth "Divergent"

§ M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man"

§ M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time", "Song of Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, a young guardsman and a daring merchant Kalashnikov"

§ N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba", "Overcoat"

§ M. Gorky "Old Woman Izergil"

§ A.T. Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin"

Sample topics:

What does it mean to be brave?

Why does a person need courage?

What does cowardice lead to?

What actions does cowardice push a person to?

In which life situations Is courage best displayed?

Do you need courage in love?

Does it take courage to admit your mistakes?

How do you understand set expression"fear has big eyes"?

Is the saying "courage is half the battle" true?

What actions can be called courageous?

What is the difference between arrogance and courage?

Who can be called a coward?

Can you cultivate courage?

Courage. What it is? I think that courage is decisiveness in thoughts and actions, the ability to stand up for yourself and for other people who need your help, overcoming all kinds of fears: for example, fear of the dark, of someone else's brute force, of life's obstacles and difficulties. Is it easy to be brave? Not easy. Probably, this quality should be brought up from childhood. Overcoming your fears, moving forward despite difficulties, developing willpower in yourself, not being afraid to defend your opinion - all this will help to cultivate in yourself such a quality as courage. Synonyms for the word "courage" - "courage", "decisiveness", "courage". Antonym - "cowardice". Cowardice is one of human vices. We are afraid of many things in life, but fear and cowardice are not the same thing. I think that meanness grows out of cowardice. The cowardly will always hide in the shadows, stay aloof, fearing for his own life, betray in order to save himself.

People are brave and cowardly both in war and in Everyday life. Let's look at some examples from the literature.

“One of the most important human vices is cowardice,” these are the words of one of the heroes of M. Bulgakov's work “The Master and Margarita”. The biblical chapters of the novel tell about the fifth procurator of Judea, Pontius Pilate, who “washed his hands” and did not take the liberty of passing an acquittal to the wandering philosopher Yeshua. Pilate was afraid to ruin his career, so he went against his conscience. There is no moral justification for his cowardice, for which he is severely punished: two thousand years of pangs of conscience have tormented the procurator.

The Bible chapters echo the rest of the novel's chapters, which tell about Moscow in the 1930s. Stalin's time, political repression - all this is hidden in the subtext of the work. At the heart of opportunism, cowardice, meanness of many heroes of the novel lies cowardice. The author wants to say that it was she who led to the fact that millions of people died in Stalin's camps and dungeons. "Cowardice - main reason meanness on earth" - one cannot but agree with these words of the writer.

A person must learn to cultivate courage and overcome cowardice from childhood. The writer Vladimir Zheleznikov also speaks about this in his story "Scarecrow". The heroine of this work, Lenka Bessoltseva, took on someone else's fault. Perhaps, at her age, this is also a bold act. After all, she is still a teenager, and this is the first serious test in her life. For her courage, Lenka endures a lot: a boycott of classmates, persecution - she is “chased” around the city - and even an execution: a stuffed animal in her dress is burned at the stake. And the one whose fault she took upon herself is a coward. Lenkin's classmate Somov, a handsome and successful boy, is afraid to break out of the "flock" of his own kind, to save Lenka, to confess his not so big fault. Cowardice leads to the first meanness in life. But the first meanness is the most difficult. Cross this line - and it will be easier to cross it every time. Zheleznikov's story teaches both children and adults to think about themselves, about their human qualities, about courage and cowardice.

Eduard Asadov has a poem "Coward". Its plot is simple. Two heroes, “a guy with a sports figure and a girl with a fragile stem”, collide in the evening with two “shouldered dark silhouettes”. The author tells how a guy who had just talked about his exploits, about how he swam across the bay in a storm, "began to unfasten his watch in a hurry." And the girl, the “sparrow soul”, like fire, burned the robbers with her words, called them fascists, scum, showed by her behavior that she was not at all afraid of them. The brave girl managed to protect both herself and her boyfriend. "Sparrow Soul" turned out to be brave, and her companion - a coward. Asadov's poem tells about ordinary young people and makes you think about how each of us would act in such a situation.

In conclusion, I would like to say that this topic of the essay interested me, because courage and cowardice play a big role in our life, therefore it is so important to cultivate the best human qualities in oneself, to become brave and strong, not to be a coward.

All arguments for the final essay in the direction of "Courage and cowardice". Does it take courage to say no?

Some people are shy. Such people very often do not know how to refuse, which is used by others. The heroine of the story by A.P. Chekhov "". Yulia Vasilievna works as a governess for the narrator. She is characterized by shyness, but this quality of her reaches the point of absurdity. Even when she is openly oppressed, unfairly deprived of her earnings, she is silent, because her character does not allow her to fight back and say no. The behavior of the heroine shows us that courage is needed not only in emergency situations, but also in everyday life, when you need to stand up for yourself.

How is courage shown in war?

Extreme conditions, as a rule, reveal the true essence of a person. Confirmation of this can be found in the story of M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man". During the war, Andrei Sokolov was captured by the Germans, he was starved, kept in a punishment cell for trying to escape, but he did not lose his human dignity, did not behave like a coward. The situation is indicative when, for careless words, the camp commandant called him to his place to shoot him. But Sokolov did not retract his words, did not show his fear to the German soldiers. He was ready to face death with dignity, for which he was spared his life. However, after the war, a more serious test awaited him: he learned that his wife and daughters had died, and only a funnel remained in place of the house. His son survived, but his father's happiness was short-lived: on the last day of the war, Anatoly was killed by a sniper. Despair did not break his spirit, he found the courage to continue life. He adopted a boy who also lost his entire family during the war. Thus, Andrey Sokolov shows a wonderful example of how to maintain dignity, honor and remain courageous in the most difficult life situations. Such people make the world better and kinder.

How is courage shown in war? What kind of person can be called brave?

War is a terrible event in the life of any person. It takes away friends and loved ones, makes children orphans, destroys hopes. War breaks some people, makes others stronger. A striking example of a bold strong-willed personality is Alexei Meresyev, the main character of B.N. Field. Meresyev, who had dreamed of becoming a professional fighter pilot all his life, was seriously wounded in battle, and both legs were amputated in the hospital. It seems to the hero that his life is over, he cannot fly, walk, loses hope of creating a family. Being in a military hospital and seeing an example of the courage of other wounded, he understands that he must fight. Every day, overcoming physical pain, Alexey does exercises. Soon he can walk and even dance. With all his might, Meresyev is trying to get admission to the flight school, because only in the sky does he feel in his place. Despite the serious requirements for the pilots, Alexey receives a positive response. The girl he loves does not refuse him: after the war they get married and have a son. Aleksey Meresyev is an example of a man with an unbending will, whose courage even the war could not break.

“In battle, those who are most in danger are those who are most obsessed with fear; courage is like a wall” G.S. Crisp
Do you agree with the statement of L. Lagerlöf: "When fleeing, more soldiers always die than in battle."

In the epic novel "" you can find many examples of human behavior in war. So, officer Zherkov manifests himself as a person who is not ready to sacrifice himself for the sake of victory. During the battle of Shengraben, he shows cowardice, which leads to the death of many soldiers. By order of Bagration, he must go to the left flank with a very important message - an order to retreat. However, Zherkov is cowardly and does not convey the message. At this time, the French are attacking the left flank, and the authorities do not know what to do, because they did not receive any orders. Chaos begins: the infantry flees into the forest, and the hussars go on the attack. Because of the actions of Zherkov, a huge number of soldiers die. During this battle, young Nikolai Rostov is wounded, he, along with the hussars, boldly rushes to the attack, while other soldiers are in disarray. Unlike Zherkov, he did not chicken out, for which he was promoted to officer. On the example of one episode in the work, we can see the consequences of courage and cowardice in the war. Fear paralyzes some and makes others act. Neither flight nor fight guarantees the salvation of a life, but courageous behavior not only preserves honor, but also gives strength in battle, which increases the chances of survival.

How are the concepts of courage and self-confidence related? Courage to admit wrong. What is the difference between true courage and false courage? What's the difference between courage and risk-taking? Does it take courage to admit your mistakes? Who can be called a coward?

Courage, expressed in excessive self-confidence, can lead to irreparable consequences. It is generally accepted that courage is a positive quality of character. This statement is true if it is associated with intelligence. but a fool is sometimes dangerous. So, in the novel "A Hero of Our Time" by M.Yu. Lermontov can find confirmation of this. The young cadet Grushnitsky, one of the characters in the chapter "Princess Mary", is an example of a person who pays great attention to outward manifestations of courage. He likes to have an effect on people, speaks in pompous phrases and devotes his military uniform excessive attention. He cannot be called a coward, but his courage is ostentatious, not aimed at real threats. Grushnitsky and Pechorin have a conflict, and offended pride requires a duel with Grigory. However, Grushnitsky decides on meanness and does not load the enemy's pistol. Learning about this puts him in a difficult situation: to ask for forgiveness or be killed. Unfortunately, the cadet cannot overcome his pride, he is ready to face death bravely, because recognition is unthinkable for him. His "courage" does no one any good. He dies because he does not realize that the courage to admit his mistakes is sometimes the most important thing.

How are the concepts of courage and riskiness, self-confidence, stupidity related? What is the difference between arrogance and courage?

Another character whose courage was stupid is Azamat, Bela's younger brother. He is not afraid of risk and bullets whistling over his head, but his courage is stupid, even fatal. He steals his sister from the house, risking not only his relationship with his father and his safety, but also Bela's happiness. His courage is not aimed at either self-defense or saving lives, and therefore leads to sad consequences: his father and sister die at the hands of a robber, from whom he stole a horse, and he himself is forced to flee to the mountains. Thus, courage can lead to terrible consequences if used by a person to achieve goals or protect his ego.

Courage in love. Can love inspire people to great deeds?

Love inspires people to great deeds. So, the main characters of O. Henry's story "" showed an example of courage to readers. For the sake of love, they sacrificed the most precious thing: Della gave her beautiful hair, and Jim gave the watch he inherited from his father. It takes a lot of courage to realize what is really important in life. Even more courage is needed to sacrifice something for the sake of a loved one.

Can a brave person be afraid? Why shouldn't you be afraid to admit your feelings? What is the danger of indecision in love?

A. Morois in the story "" shows readers how dangerous indecision in love is. The protagonist story Andre falls in love with an actress named Jenny. He wears violets to her every Wednesday, but does not even dare to approach her. Passions boil in his soul, the walls of his room are hung with portraits of his beloved, but in real life he can't even write her a letter. The reason for this behavior lies in his fear of being rejected, as well as in self-doubt. He considers his passion for the actress "hopeless" and elevates Jenny to an unattainable ideal. However, this person cannot be called a "coward". A plan arises in his head: to go to war in order to accomplish a feat that will "bring" him closer to Jenny. Unfortunately, he dies there, never having time to tell her about his feelings. After his death, Jenny learns from his father that he wrote many letters, but never sent a single one. If Andre had come closer to her at least once, he would have known that for her "modesty, constancy and nobility are better than any feat." This example proves that indecision in love is dangerous because it prevents a person from becoming happy. It is likely that Andre's courage could have made two people happy, and no one would have to mourn the unnecessary feat that did not bring him closer to the main goal.

What actions can be called courageous? What is the feat of a doctor? Why is it important to be bold in life? What does it mean to be brave in everyday life?

Dr. Dymov is a noble man who has chosen to serve people as his profession. Only indifference to others, their troubles and illnesses can serve as the reason for such a choice. Despite the hardships in family life, Dymov thinks about his patients more than about himself. His dedication to work often threatens him with dangers, so he dies saving the boy from diphtheria. He manifests himself as a hero by doing what he was not obliged to do. His courage, loyalty to his profession and duty do not allow him to do otherwise. To be a doctor with a capital letter, you must be courageous and resolute, such as Osip Ivanovich Dymov.

What does cowardice lead to? What actions does cowardice push a person to? Why is cowardice dangerous? What is the difference between fear and cowardice? Who can be called a coward? Can a brave person be afraid? Is it possible to say that there is only one step from fear to cowardice? Cowardice is a sentence? How do extreme conditions affect courage? Why is it important to have courage in making your decisions? Can cowardice hinder the development of personality? Do you agree with Diderot's statement: "We consider a coward who allowed his friend to be insulted in his presence"? Do you agree with the statement of Confucius: “Cowardice is knowing what to do and not to do it”

It's hard to be brave all the time. Sometimes even strong and honest people with high moral principles can be frightened, as, for example, the hero of the story V.V. Zheleznikova Dima Somov. His character traits, such as "courage", "correctness" set him apart from other guys from the very beginning, he appears before readers as a hero who does not allow offending the weak, protects animals, strives for independence and loves work. During the campaign, Dima saves Lena from her classmates, who began to scare her by wearing the "muzzles" of animals. It is for this reason that Lenochka Bessoltseva falls in love with him.

But over time, we observe the moral decline of the "hero" Dima. At first, he is frightened by the problem with his classmate's brother and violates his principle. He does not talk about the fact that his classmate Valya is a flayer, because he is afraid of his brother. But the next act showed a completely different side of Dima Somov. He deliberately let the whole class think about what Lena told the teacher about the disruption of the lesson, although he did it himself. The reason for this act was cowardice. Further, Dima Somov plunges deeper and deeper into the abyss of fear. Even when Lena was boycotted, they mocked her, Somov could not confess, although he had a lot of chances. This hero was paralyzed by fear, turning him from a "hero" into an ordinary "coward", devaluing all his positive qualities.

This hero shows us another truth: we are all woven from contradictions. Sometimes we are brave, sometimes we are afraid. But there is a huge gap between fear and cowardice. Cowardice is not useful, it is dangerous, because it pushes a person to bad deeds, awakens base instincts. And fear is something that is inherent in everyone. A person who performs a feat may be afraid. Heroes are afraid, ordinary people are afraid, and this is normal, fear itself is a condition for the survival of the species. But cowardice is already a formed character trait.

What does it mean to be brave? How does courage affect the formation of personality? In what situations in life is courage best manifested? What is true courage? What actions can be called courageous? Courage is the resistance to fear, not the absence of it. Can a brave person be afraid?

Lena Bessoltseva is one of the most strong images in Russian literature. In her example, we can see a huge gap between fear and cowardice. This is a little girl who finds herself in an unfair situation. Fear is inherent in her: she is frightened by the cruelty of children, she is afraid of stuffed animals at night. But in fact, she turns out to be the most courageous of all the heroes, because she is able to stand up for those who are weaker, she is not afraid of general condemnation, she is not afraid to be special, not like others. Lena proves her courage many times, such as when she rushes to Dima's aid when he is in danger, even though he betrayed her. Her example taught whole class good, showed that not always everything in the world is decided by force. “And longing, such a desperate longing for human purity, for selfless courage and nobility, more and more captured their hearts and demanded a way out.”

Is it necessary to defend the truth, to fight for justice? Do you agree with Diderot's statement: "We consider a coward who allowed his friend to be insulted in his presence"? Why is it important to have the courage to stand up for your ideals? Why are people afraid to speak their mind? Do you agree with the statement of Confucius: “Cowardice is knowing what to do and not to do it”

It takes courage to fight injustice. The hero of the story, Vasiliev, saw injustice, but due to his weakness of character, he could not resist the team and its leader, the Iron Button. This hero tries not to offend Lena Bessoltseva, refuses to beat her, but at the same time tries to remain neutral. Vasiliev tries to protect Lena, but he lacks character and courage. On the one hand, there is hope that this character will improve. Perhaps the example of the brave Lena Bessoltseva will help him overcome his fears and teach him to stand up for the truth, even if everyone around him is against it. On the other hand, Vasiliev's behavior and what his inaction led to teaches us that you cannot stand aside if you understand that injustice is happening. Vasiliev's tacit consent is instructive, since many of us face similar situations in life. But there is a question that every person must ask himself before making a choice: is there anything worse than knowing about injustice, being a witness to it and just being silent? Courage, like cowardice, is a matter of choice.

Do you agree with the saying: “You can never live happily when you are trembling with fear all the time”? How is hypocrisy related to cowardice? Why is fear dangerous? Can fear stop a person from living? How do you understand the saying of Helvetius: “To be completely devoid of courage, one must be completely devoid of desires”? How do you understand the stable expression: “fear has big eyes”? Can it be argued that a person is afraid of what he does not know? How do you understand Shakespeare's saying: "Cowards die many times before death, the brave die only once"?

"Wise Piskar" - instructive story about the dangers of fear. Piskar lived and trembled all his life. He considered himself very smart because he made a cave where he could be safe, but reverse side such an existence was the complete absence of real life. He did not create a family, he did not find friends, he did not breathe deeply, he did not eat his fill, he did not live, he just sat in his hole. He sometimes thought about whether there was any benefit from his existence for someone, he understood that there was not, but fear did not allow him to leave his comfort and safety zone. So Piskar died without knowing any joy in life. In this instructive allegory, many people can see themselves. This story teaches us not to be afraid of life. Yes, it is full of dangers and disappointments, but if you are afraid of everything, then when will you live?

Do you agree with the words of Plutarch: "Courage is the beginning of victory"? Is it important to be able to overcome your fears? Why fight fears? What does it mean to be brave? Can you cultivate courage? Do you agree with Balzac's statement: "Fear can make a daredevil timid, but it gives courage to the indecisive"? Can a brave person be afraid?

The problem of overcoming fear is also revealed in Veronica Roth's novel Divergent. Beatrice Pryor - main character works, leaves her home, the Forsaken faction, to become the Dauntless. She is afraid of the reaction of her parents, afraid of not going through the rite of initiation, of being rejected in a new place. But her main strength lies in the fact that she challenges all her fears, looks them in the face. Tris puts herself in great danger, being in the company of the Dauntless, because she is "different", people like her are destroyed. This scares her terribly, but much more she is afraid of herself. She does not understand the nature of her difference from others, she is frightened by the thought that her very existence can be dangerous for people.

The struggle with fears is one of the key problems of the novel. So, Beatrice's beloved name is For, translated from English it means "four". That is the number of fears he needs to overcome. Tris and Four fearlessly fight for their lives, for justice, for peace in the city they call home. They win like external enemies, and internal, which undoubtedly characterizes them as courageous people.

Do you need courage in love? Do you agree with Russell's statement: "To be afraid of love is to be afraid of life, and to be afraid of life is to be two-thirds dead"?

A.I. Kuprin "Garnet bracelet"
Georgy Zheltkov is a petty official whose life is devoted to unrequited love for Princess Vera. As you know, his love was born long before her marriage, but he preferred to write letters to her, pursued her. The reason for this behavior lay in his self-doubt and fear of being rejected. Perhaps if he were bolder, he could become happy with the woman he loves.

Can a person be afraid of happiness? Does it take courage to change your life? Is it necessary to take risks?

Vera Sheina was afraid to be happy and wanted a quiet marriage, without shocks, so she married a cheerful and handsome Vasily, with whom everything was very simple, but she did not experience great love. Only after the death of her admirer, looking at his dead body, Vera realized that the love that every woman dreams of had passed her by. The moral of this story is this: you need to be brave not only in everyday life, but also in love, you need to take risks without fear of being rejected. Only courage can lead to happiness, cowardice and, as a result, conformism, leads to great disappointment, as happened with Vera Sheina.

How do you understand Twain's statement: “Courage is resistance to fear, not its absence”? How is willpower related to courage? Do you agree with the words of Plutarch: "Courage is the beginning of victory"? Is it important to be able to overcome your fears? Why fight fears? What does it mean to be brave? Can you cultivate courage? Do you agree with Balzac's statement: "Fear can make a daredevil timid, but it gives courage to the indecisive"? Can a brave person be afraid?

Numerous writers have addressed this topic. So, the story of E. Ilyina "The Fourth Height" is dedicated to overcoming fears. Gulya Koroleva is an example of courage in all its manifestations. Her whole life is a battle with fear, and each victory is a new height. In the work we see the life story of one person, the formation of a real personality. Every step she takes is a manifesto of determination. From the first lines of the story, little Gulya shows real courage in a variety of life situations. Overcoming children's fears, he takes a snake out of the box with his bare hands, sneaks into the cage from the elephants in the zoo. The heroine grows up, and the tests encountered in life become more serious: the first role in the cinema, the recognition of her wrong, the ability to answer for her actions. Throughout the work, she struggles with her fears, does what she is afraid of. Already an adult Gulya Koroleva is getting married, her son is born, it seems that fears have been defeated, you can live in peace family life but the biggest test lies ahead of her. The war begins, and her husband goes to the front. She fears for her husband, for her son, for the future of the country. But fear does not paralyze her, does not force her to hide. The girl goes to work as a nurse in the hospital to somehow help. Unfortunately, her husband dies, and Gulya is forced to continue fighting alone. She goes to the front, unable to look at the horrors that happen to her loved ones. The heroine takes the fourth height, she dies, having defeated the last fear that lives in a person, the fear of death. On the pages of the story, we see how the main character is afraid, but she overcomes all her fears, such a person can undoubtedly be called a brave man.