Great artists, writers, poets and musicians lived and worked in Moscow. You can visit these legendary places in Moscow, where wonderful museums have now been created, and plunge into history.
1. Museum of Vladimir Mayakovsky in Moscow
The Vladimir Mayakovsky Museum in Moscow is unlike any other museum: its façade is made in a postmodern style. Inside, the museum is decorated in a very unusual figurative and plot manner, which corresponds to the spirit of the extraordinary creativity of the poet himself. Walking through its floors and halls of the museum, the visitor feels not just a spectator, but also a participant and co-author of the unfolding action, recreating the model of Mayakovsky's life path and inner world. There are no glass showcases behind which you can watch the exhibits, as in other museums. The space of the house is similar to the Life Labyrinth, the center of which is a memorial room, the so-called “Boat Room”, where the poet committed suicide.
The museum has a cinema hall where you can see films starring Mayakovsky himself. The non-standard design concept of the museum and the pronounced spirit of a controversial era make the museum unique. That is why the unforgettable impressions received from visiting this place remain with people on long years.
The Mayakovsky Museum is located at the address: Moscow, Lubyansky proezd, 3/6, building 4
2. Bulgakov's Museum-Apartment in Moscow - "Bad Apartment" No. 50
The Bulgakov Museum-Apartment in Moscow consists of eight exhibition halls, which present the most interesting expositions, allowing you to plunge into the Bulgakov era and discover something new about the personality of the author and his literary heroes. Among them, Bulgakov’s room, the “Communal Kitchen”, the “Blue Study”, which recreates the atmosphere of Bulgakov’s last dwelling in Nashchokinsky Lane, the editorial office of the Gudok newspaper, where the writer worked, are especially attracting attention. Apartment No. 50 is located on Bolshaya Sadovaya Street, 10, where several years have passed famous writer, and where from the beginning of the 90s of the last century until the founding of the museum there was the Foundation. Bulgakov.
There is an opportunity to use the services of a guide, who, with his interesting and fascinating story about the house itself and its inhabitants, the great writer and the period of his life in this apartment, will help you more fully experience the local situation, plunge into its atmosphere and get a lot of unforgettable impressions.
3. House-Museum of A. N. Ostrovsky in Moscow
Ostrovsky's house on Malaya Ordynka 9, built at the beginning of the 19th century, is located in Zamoskvorechye - one of the rare places in modern Moscow, where the charm and originality of antiquity are still preserved. Around the wooden two-story manor there is a luxurious garden blooming from early spring to mid-autumn. At present, the house-museum of A.N. Ostrovsky is part of the State Central theater museum named after A. A. Bakhrushin. Here you can see posters, photo portraits of actors, manuscripts, sketches of scenery. The expositions of the two halls are entirely devoted to famous plays Ostrovsky "Dowry" and "Thunderstorm". In addition to excursions, solo performances are held in the Ostrovsky house-museum, creative evenings and meetings with famous theater actors, dates related to the life and creative path of the writer-playwright are marked.
Ostrovsky's house is located on Malaya Ordynka, house 9
4. House-Museum of A.P. Chekhov in Moscow
The Chekhov House Museum in Moscow is located in a two-story stone outbuilding built in 1874 on Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya Street, 6.
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov lived in this house for almost four years, which was a period of rapid creative upsurge for the writer. It was here that he wrote about a hundred brilliant works, stories and plays.
The exposition of the hall presents the rarest posters of performances of Chekhov's times, postcards-photographs, which depict outstanding actors playing characters in the plays of the writer-playwright, programs, photographs of Chekhov himself among the actors, contemporaries' reviews of his plays.
The Chekhov House Museum hosts musical and literary evenings, lecture tours for visitors of all ages, scientific conferences. For elementary school students, organized interactive classes, matinees and holidays with contests and performances.
The Chekhov House Museum is located on Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya Street, 6.
5. House-Museum of Korney Chukovsky in Peredelkino
The house-museum of the greatest dreamer and storyteller, writer, translator and literary critic Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky was opened in 1996 in the writer's village of Peredelkino, Moscow Region. The Chukovsky Museum is located in two-story house- the writer's dacha, where he lived for almost thirty years. It is here that many of the well-known works that we remember from childhood, as well as books for adults, were written.
Museum of the writer Chukovsky is located at the address: Moscow, Peredelkino, Serafimovicha, 3
Have a big and great country there should be a large and great literary heritage, and not only bookish. We have selected twenty of the most interesting memorable places in the life of Russian writers.
Turgenev's estate in Spasskoye-Lutovinovoe
The Turgenev estate had a difficult fate - after the death of the writer, most of the valuable things were dismantled by the heirs, and the house itself burned down. Something was saved thanks to the new owners of the Galakhovs - they removed the old library and some of Turgenev's personal belongings in advance. But in general, the estate, along with a beautiful park, fell into disrepair. The anniversary of the writer, who would have turned 100 in 1918, helped prevent its further destruction. The new Soviet government took this place under protection and turned it into a museum. But the house itself was restored only in 1976. It was here that Ivan Turgenev wrote his "Fathers and Sons", "Nest of Nobles", "On the Eve", "Rudina", "Inn" and several other works. Famous contemporaries - Fet, Nekrasov, Aksakov and others - visited the writer at the estate.
Pasternak Museum in Chistopol
Chistopol - small town in Tatarstan, 130 kilometers from Kazan. During the Great Patriotic War he became a refuge for the Union Soviet writers- many famous literary figures lived here in evacuation. Among them are Akhmatova, Aseev, Tsvetaeva and Pasternak. The latter has his own memorial museum here - a small mansion late XIX century, where Pasternak lived and worked during the war. On the second floor of the house there is an exposition "Chistopol Pages". It tells about the Chistopol period of Pasternak and his relationship with his evacuated colleagues. The museum also displays household items of the writer, including his desk. The interior is so well preserved that it seems as if the famous owner himself is about to enter the room.
Historical and Memorial Museum of M.V. Lomonosov in the Arkhangelsk region
The name of Lomonosov first of all evokes associations with science, but one should not forget that Mikhail Vasilievich was also an excellent writer. Belinsky called him the founder and father of Russian poetry. Therefore, the museum in the village of Lomonosovo, located on the site of the estate of the family of the famous scientist and poet, has special meaning, including for those who are interested in Russian literature. The house of the Lomonosov family itself has long since disappeared, but the pond, which was dug by Mikhail Lomonosov's father Vasily Dorofeevich, has been preserved. The museum itself presents six expositions that tell about different areas of the great man's work, including poetry.
Yelets Bunin Museum
If fate suddenly brings you to the city of Yelets, be sure to visit the Bunin Museum. Landmark - a long hut with carved white platbands. The museum was opened in the late 80s, its appearance was preceded by a serious research work. The fact is that Bunin lived in Yelets in different places, as a result, the house was chosen, where he spent three years of his life, being a student of the Yelets male gymnasium. The atmosphere of the end of the 19th century is very authentically recreated in the space of the museum. They show Bunin's personal belongings, books with his autographs and other important rarities.
Mikhailovskoye is the real spiritual homeland of the main Russian poet.
Pushkin's estate in Mikhailovsky
Mikhailovskoye is the real spiritual homeland of the main Russian poet. This noble estate was presented by Empress Elizaveta Petrovna to Pushkin's great-grandfather Abram Gannibal. Since 1818, the estate belonged to the mother of the poet Nadezhda Osipovna, her famous son spent two of his exile years here and truly achieved creative maturity. Several chapters of "Eugene Onegin", the tragedy "Boris Godunov" and dozens of different poems were written in Mikhailovsky. The Pushkin estate today houses a museum with an exposition recreating the interiors of the poet's time. And it is here that you should look for the house of Pushkin's nanny Arina Rodionovna.
Tyutchev Museum in Ovstug
Ovstug - small homeland Fedorov Tyutchev, here he was born and spent his childhood. In Ovstug in Tyutchev, the same romantic lyric poet, as we all know him from school, took shape. Alas, the estate, which today serves as a museum, is not a genuine family estate of the Tyutchevs. The house of the poet's family suffered the same fate as many other noble nests of the past - desolation and then complete disappearance. The Tyutchev House was recreated in 1985 according to the design of the architect Gorodkov. It has three halls that tell about different periods life of the poet, two memorial rooms, as well as rooms dedicated to his relatives and descendants.
Leskov Museum in Orel
For Russian literature, Orel and its environs are of particular importance - many people lived and worked here. famous writers and poets. But Nikolai Leskov is, perhaps, the main literary symbol of the city. In Orel, the writer has his own own museum- a picturesque wooden manor on Oktyabrskaya Street, which in Leskov's time was called Upper Dvoryanskaya. I must say that Leskov himself never lived in this house - the mansion was built only in 1874, when the writer was already in adulthood and lived in St. Petersburg. However, the house was built exactly on the spot where the family estate of the Leskov family had previously been located. The son of Leskov Andrei Nikolaevich found out the historical location.
Block Museum in Shakhmatovo
The official name of this place is very long - the State Historical, Literary and Natural Museum-Reserve of A.A. Blok. The estate is located in the Solnechnogorsk district of the Moscow region. Blok spent every summer here, and one can safely say that it was Shakhmatovo that became the spiritual homeland of the poet. Here he wrote at least 300 works. The mention of the surroundings of the estate can be found in Blok's "On the Railway" and "All this was, was, was." And, of course, Blok's heart affairs are connected with Shakhmatovo - here he met his Love with a capital letter - the daughter of the famous chemist Mendeleev, Lyubov Dmitrievna Mendeleeva. It is not surprising that later the poet will call Shakhmatovo "native places", in which he "spent the best times of his life."
Nekrasov's estate in Karabikha
In 1861, the year of the abolition of serfdom, Nikolai Nekrasov purchased a manor for summer holidays in the village of Karabikha, a large classicist residence once owned by Prince Mikhail Golitsyn. It was here that Nekrasov would later write the poems “Frost, Red Nose”, “Russian Women”, and will also work on his main work “Who Lives Well in Russia”. After the Civil War, the estate housed the board of the state farm, and only in the forties was restoration carried out and a memorial museum opened. Among the exhibits are the first editions of Nekrasov, seven books from his personal library and magazines in which he was published.
Ostrovsky Museum-Reserve in Shchelykovo
“What rivers, what mountains, what forests!” - Alexander Ostrovsky described in his diary the town of Shchelykovo in the Kostroma region. Here, starting from 1867, the great Russian playwright spent 4-5 months after he bought his father's estate from his stepmother together with his brother. It is believed that it was Shchelykovo that most inspired Ostrovsky, but it also greatly undermined his spirit. This happened after local peasants tried to set fire to his house. This shocked Ostrovsky so much that his hands and head shook until his death, he did not live long after that. The preserved Ostrovsky House-Museum contains many original items of the playwright, including an old piano, to the accompaniment of which his wife Maria Vasilievna often sang.
Museum-estate "Red Horn" A.K. Tolstoy
The Tolstoy family, as you know, was rich in literary talents. One of the offspring - Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy, a writer, poet and playwright - is familiar to us from the novel "Ghoul", "Prince Silver", the trilogy "The Death of Ivan the Terrible", "Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich" and "Tsar Boris", as well as lyric poetry like the poems "In the midst of a noisy ball by chance." Since 1861, Alexei Tolstoy moved permanently to his family estate in Krasny Rog - a small cozy "hunting castle". Here he lived until his death and was buried in the tomb of the 18th century chapel next door. Unfortunately, the house burned down during the war and had to be rebuilt.
Yesenin Museum-Reserve in Konstantinovo
On the high bank of the Oka, 43 kilometers from Ryazan, the village of Konstantinovo is located. The poet Yesenin was born here, and today his museum is located here. This is a whole complex of buildings, but its heart is a small, most ordinary log Russian hut, the parental home, where the poet came to rest in the 1920s. Here is a Dutch stove, near which Yesenin slept in the cold season, but a bucket samovar, which was used for family tea parties, the interior of the house is very lively, most reliably conveying the Yesenin family atmosphere. Behind the house is a barn built in 1913. For the summer, Yesenin arranged a bedroom and study here.
Darovoe and the estate of Dostoevsky
Darovoe is a manor in the Moscow region (formerly the Tula province), where Fyodor Dostoevsky spent his childhood. The estate was bought by the writer's father, it consisted of 260 acres of land. Later, he also bought out the neighboring village of Cheremoshnya - instead of Darov, they turned into the Dostoevsky family estate. A very picturesque birch forest grew in the neighborhood of the estate, which young Dostoevsky fell in love with so much that he was nicknamed Fedina Grove by his relatives. Today, aspens grow in this place instead of birches, but they say that the museum management wants to restore the grove. For Dostoevsky, Darovoye and Cheremoshnya turned out to be a tragic place - here, under mysterious circumstances, the writer's father died, and it was rumored that he was killed by peasants. The writer would later reflect this sad fact in his The Brothers Karamazov.
Museum-estate " Yasnaya Polyana»
This place does not need special recommendations - the fact that Leo Tolstoy lived and worked here is known, perhaps, even by people far from Russian literature. Tolstoy was born in Yasnaya Polyana, he created right there, and was buried right there. The main building on the estate is Tolstoy's house itself, where everything is as it was during the life of the writer, his personal belongings and a library of 22,000 books. The estate was badly damaged during the war and, they say, almost burned down, but still the house was saved.
House of Anna Akhmatova and Nikolai Gumilyov
In the Tver region, not far from the village of Gradnitsy, once there was the village of Slepnevo. There was a wooden house where the poets Anna Akhmatova and Nikolai Gumilyov lived. In the thirties, a school burned down in Gradnitsy, so the house in Slepnevo was carefully dismantled and transported to Gradnitsy. For a long time, rural children studied in it, and only in 1989, on the centenary of the birth of Anna Akhmatova, a museum was made of the house. In this simple Russian estate, Gumilyov and Akhmatova lived from 1911 to 1917, as evidenced by a commemorative plaque. The house has two floors and several rooms where personal belongings of the poets have been preserved.
Lermontov Museum-Reserve "Tarkhany"
Tarkhany is perhaps the most famous Lermontov's place in Russia. Here, in a small estate of the 19th century, the Lermontov Museum, opened in 1939, is located. In this estate, the poet's childhood and youth passed, here he met his first love, suffered the death of his mother and separation from his father, began to learn science and art (the young Lermontov had a very good library). Finally, his ashes rest in Tarkhany. Among the rarities kept by the museum are the poet's personal belongings (a pipe, a cigarette box, a casket, part of a scimitar handle). In addition, the main work of Lermontov the artist - the painting "Caucasian view near the village of Sioni" is presented here.
House of Tsvetaeva in Yelabuga
Yelabuga is a small, very cozy and neat town in Tatarstan. One of its main attractions is the house of Marina Tsvetaeva, where she was settled in 1941 and where she spent the last years of her life. The museum exposition was opened here relatively recently - in 2005. The atmosphere of those years is reproduced in the house and personal belongings of Tsvetaeva are presented. The most valuable exhibit is morocco Notebook, which was taken out of Tsvetaeva's pocket after her death. There is also a lock of the poet's hair and her daughter's compact of powder.
Chekhov Museum in Melikhovo
This is one of the main Chekhov museums in Russia. The writer lived here for seven years of his life - from 1892 to 1899. Here is Chekhov's house and the same outbuilding where the famous "The Seagull" was painted. Nearby is the so-called Alley of Love, along which Anton Pavlovich often walked. The museum in Melikhovo has no less than 29 thousand exhibits, including paintings by artists-friends of Chekhov - Levitan, Polenov, Seregin and others.
Museum-estate "Muranovo" named after F.I. Tyutchev
This old noble estate XIX century is located 50 kilometers from Moscow. Two famous poets lived here at different times - first, Yevgeny Baratynsky, according to whose drawings the estate was built, and then Fyodor Tyutchev, whose family heirlooms and manuscripts are stored today in Muranovo. The complex combines several buildings at once: the main manor house, house church Savior Not Made by Hands and several other buildings. All this is surrounded by a very picturesque park with a partially preserved system of ponds.
Peredelkino, House of Writers
Peredelkino near Moscow is, of course, first of all, the Writer's Town, the famous literary dachas, where in the last century all the main characters Russian-language literature of the XX century. The list really turns out to be very long - from Isaac Babel to Andrei Voznesensky. The writer's town was created on the advice of Maxim Gorky - in the thirties, the Literary Fund allocated funds for the construction of 50 summer cottages according to German projects. Pro literary life Peredelkino can be told for a very long time - every square centimeter is saturated with literature here. By the way, it was in Peredelkino that Korney Chukovsky arranged readings of his works for all the surrounding children.
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Even though it was neither the "Golden" nor the "Silver" age of Russian literature the capital of our state, Moscow has always remained home to many great ones. Writers and poets worked in rented rooms in narrow lanes, got married in ancient churches, dedicated their lines to the streets of the capital. Descendants make sure that authors who have already passed the test of time are known not only by humanities scholars, but also by the youngest residents of the current capital, its guests, perhaps far from the world of literature. It is very important to be familiar with the work of Pushkin, Bulgakov, Tsvetaeva, but it is no less valuable to learn a little more about their lives. Perhaps the decoration and location of the apartment, favorite walking routes, places of meetings and circles will help to better understand one or another of their ideas, thoughts. There are almost three dozen museums of writers in Moscow. Among them there are real houses of masters of the Russian word, there are memorial expositions, there are simply dedications based on creativity. We have chosen for this review the most significant and interesting, although in others, we are sure that everyone will find something to learn for themselves.
Museum
The memorial office of Valery Bryusov was created by the widow after the death of the poet, critic and writer in the house where he lived for fifteen years. He remained here, in the old mansion at number 30 on Peace Avenue, until his very last days. A few decades later, the building was restored, and in 1999, as a branch of the State literary museum Bryusov House-Museum opened in Moscow Silver Age».
It is not for nothing that the exposition now bears such a generalized name, because it is unique: these are colossal funds of manuscripts, collections and pictorial documents. Their basis, of course, was the huge library of Bryusov. It contains priceless, rare books of writers-contemporaries of the poet (with their personal autographs!), almanacs, filings of magazines and newspapers from the beginning of that same "Silver Age". Diaries and drafts of Valery Bryusov himself are also presented as exhibits. The widest exposition is decorated with paintings and drawings by Korovin, Polenov, Sudeikin, Burliuk. Here you can see theatrical sketches by Malevich, Mayakovsky, plaster busts of Tsvetaeva, Yesenin, Pasternak, photographs and cartoons of those years. In the Bryusov House Museum in Moscow, one exhibition is completely devoted to the work of A.S. Pushkin: Valery Yakovlechich, as, indeed, many prominent writers of the Silver Age, more than once turned to the Pushkin theme. The historical interior of the owner's study was restored according to the recollections of relatives and friends.
Life in this museum is in full swing, almost like then, at the time of the development of many literary circles and associations: in addition to thematic excursions, unusual lectures, bright musical and poetic evenings are held here.
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On the day of the centennial anniversary of the birth of the great poetess in 1992, the House-Museum of Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva was opened in Borisoglebsky Lane in Moscow. In a two-story building mid-nineteenth century, the brightest representative of the "Silver Age" lived with her family from 1914 to 1922.
Unfortunately, and despite the colossal work of the museum staff and enthusiastic researchers of the poetess's work, there are not many personal items of Tsvetaeva in the collection. Just in order to be able to survive in a terrible, impoverished and cold time in post-revolutionary Russia, Marina Ivanovna sold most of the valuables and rarities. It is known that an expensive piano was exchanged for a pood of black flour, and the stove was simply heated with antique furniture, chopped into chips. Thank God, the descendants of Tsvetaeva, collectors and caring people from all over the world try to replenish the exposition from time to time. Among such gifts to the foundation are books of the 19th-20th centuries, family photographs, even personal letters, autographed postcards and, what is especially valuable, manuscripts, lifetime collections of the poetess, postcards with her autographs. In the house-museum you can see a dressing table, an old wall mirror, children's drawings and toys, numerous portraits of Tsvetaeva painted by famous artists of that time - real household items that surrounded the artist of the word. One of the expositions is dedicated to the life path of her husband - Sergei Efron and his family.
Strong spirit, sorry for the pun, a courageous woman and her finest poetry lives in this house, however, as well as the atmosphere of that amazing literary and cultural era, of which she was a part. Moreover, the museum acts as a cultural and creative center.
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The opening of the Sergei Yesenin Museum was timed to coincide with the 100th anniversary of the poet's birth. In 1995, enthusiastic explorers donated the first collected collection to the city. The Yesenin Museum in Moscow acquired its official status already in 1996. The poet's father lived in the museum building, who then worked in the butcher's shop of the merchant Krylov. Alexander Yesenin met young Sergei in 1911, straight from Ryazan here. Here the future great Russian poet was to live for seven years. And this house is the only official place of residence and his registration in the capital.
The central "exhibit" of Yesenin's house in Moscow was an unusually decorated memorial room. It was placed behind a glass wall - as a kind of voluminous and informative museum value. For visitors visualized life and creative way poet. A special exhibition "Yesenin as part of world culture" has also been created here. It is interesting that during the tours videos are shown, they use the rarest chronicle of the beginning of the last century.
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Imagine the beginning of the 19th century and the noisy bachelor party of young Russian nobles, with sparkling punch, the creak of boots and the clink of glasses, with epigrams and caricatures that made you blush, with fervent laughter. Let's move our "bachelor party" to house number 53 on the Arbat. Why exactly here? And if you put a stocky young man with curly hair reciting his poetry in the center of entertainment? Yes, here in the old two-story mansion in 1831 there was a rented apartment of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, and here he was incredibly happy. The very next day after the party we described, the house found its hospitable mistress: in the Church of the Great Ascension, Pushkin married Natalya Nikolaevna Goncharova. Their wedding dinner and the first family ball were held here on the Arbat. The special calmness and happiness of the poet during this Moscow period was evidenced by his contemporaries who visited him. Their portraits now adorn the memorial museum-apartment of A.S. Pushkin
But not immediately this memorable place was open to the public. For a very long time, communal apartments were settled at this address, as well as at most other Moscow ones. Only a sign on the facade, installed in 1937, reminded the residents that Pushkin lived here. Only in 1986, the house on the Arbat was restored to officially open a museum-apartment - the memorial department State Museum A.S. Pushkin.
Over the years and events, almost no accurate data has been preserved on what the decoration was like in Pushkin's apartment in Moscow. Researchers of creativity decided not to recreate the interior “artificially”, but to limit themselves to some common decorative elements characteristic of the era - chandeliers and lamps in the Empire style, cornices and curtains. The surviving personal belongings of the poet are here: Pushkin's desk, Goncharova's table, lifetime portraits of the spouses. On the first floor of the museum there is an exhibition "Pushkin and Moscow" about the difficult, but at the same time very warm relations between the "Sun of Russian Poetry" and the capital.
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It rarely happens that you can visit a cult place from your favorite book in reality. It is enough just to come, for example, to house number 10 on Bolshaya Sadovaya Street. Here, in apartment 50, Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov lived for several years. Here he wrote his first stories, the image of this situation froze in his memory for many years. In the "bad apartment" No. 50, shrouded, according to the writer's memoirs, in a mystical atmosphere, heroes live, meet and disappear famous novel"The Master and Margarita".
The Bulgakov Museum-Apartment was officially opened recently - in 2007. Prior to that, since the early 1990s, memorable place the Foundation was located. Bulgakov. The museum's collection consists of personal pieces of furniture, life of Mikhail Afanasyevich, books, manuscripts, photographs, paintings and records, preserved and donated by the writer's relatives and friends. The exposition is very interesting. Eight halls introduce us to the era of the 20-40s, the personality of the author and his literary heroes. Not only is Bulgakov’s room recreated here, but there is also the “Communal Kitchen”, the “Editorial office of the Gudok newspaper”, in which the writer worked, is presented, the “Blue Cabinet” conveys the atmosphere of the last dwelling of the writer in Nashchokinsky Lane.
In the "Bad Apartment" you can listen to a guide who will tell you in detail about the house, its inhabitants and, of course, the great writer of the 20th century. The museum premises are also used as the stage of the Komedian Theatre, concerts and poetry evenings, forums on Bulgakov's creative heritage and photo exhibitions are given here. The museum-apartment is located on the 4th floor. Do not confuse the memorial with a private cultural center " Bulgakov's house" on the first.
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Much earlier than others in Moscow - in 1954 - the house-museum of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was opened. Now it is a branch of the State Literary Museum. On Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya Street, in a two-story stone wing built in 1874, Chekhov lived for almost four years. That period was a time of incredible inspiration and creative upsurge. In the house on Sadovaya, he wrote almost a hundred stories and plays.
According to the memoirs and sketches of contemporaries, the museum has almost completely restored the atmosphere in which the writer worked. Today you can see how he lived: his study, bedroom, rooms of his sister and brother. There are books by the playwright translated into different languages of the world, the walls are decorated with photographs and graphics with views of Chekhov's beloved Moscow at the end of the century before last. Many personal belongings of Anton Pavlovich have a whole history. For example, on the desk of a doctor-writer there is a bronze inkpot with a figure of a horse. It was presented by his poor patient, with whom Chekhov not only did not demand money for consultations, but he himself gave money for further treatment. A photograph of his beloved composer Tchaikovsky was very dear to his heart - with a personal autograph.
The Chekhov family donated manuscripts and documents to the state, which formed the basis of the exposition located in three halls of the museum. One of the rooms is completely dedicated to the writer's trip to Sakhalin. And the main hall of the Chekhov House-Museum in Moscow is not only an exhibition hall, but also a concert hall. The troupe of the Chekhov Theater plays here. You can see the rarest posters of performances of that time, postcards with outstanding actors playing in plays based on Chekhov's works, programs, pictures of Chekhov in the acting environment, reviews of contemporaries on his dramaturgy.
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An architectural monument of Russian classicism, created by I.D. Gilardi according to the drawings of D. Quarenghi, the building of the Mariinsky Hospital for the Poor, is a place of pilgrimage not only for connoisseurs of building art. The wing of the hospital was assigned, including for the resettlement of its employees. The two-room apartment on the first floor was occupied by the family of the doctor Dostoevsky. His son Fyodor, who was born in the wing opposite, lived with his father and mother from 1823 to 1837. In less than 16 years, he left Moscow for the then capital - Petersburg.
It is surprising that the apartment, where from childhood I absorbed images and impressions great artist words, never rearranged. The museum on Bozhedomka was opened in 1928. Today, the street on which this house number 2 stands is named after the author of The Brothers Karamazov. The collection is based on the most valuable things and documents, carefully preserved by Dostoevsky's wife Anna Grigorievna. The interior of the rooms was restored according to the memoirs of the writer's brother. The exposition used family furniture, decor items, such as bronze candelabra, lifetime portraits of F.M. Dostoevsky and even the very first book of little Fedya - One Hundred and Four Selected Stories of the Old and New Testament.
Already behind the walls memorial apartment, but in the building of the former hospital, which has become the Dostoevsky Museum in Moscow, the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature at Moscow State University and professional historians have assembled the exhibition "The World of Dostoevsky", acquainting visitors with how Fyodor Mikhailovich lived and worked. There is also a lecture hall.
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The memorial furnishings of Korney Chukovsky's dacha are almost completely left in the form that they had during his lifetime. Two-storey house on Serafimovich Street in Peredelkino keeps the secrets of creating many works for adults and children, because Korney Ivanovich lived here for almost thirty years. The museum collection includes household items of a writer, translator and literary critic, big library books and documents, including autographs of Pasternak, Solzhenitsyn, Gagarin and Raikin, a collection of toys - gifts from children who admired his fairy tales. The house-museum was opened in 1996 in the writers' village.
The museum in Peredelkino is artistically filled with interesting exhibits, illustrations of the storyteller's work: here is a miracle tree with shoes, and here is an old black telephone, which the elephant probably spoke on. After looking in the mirror of the magic box, you need to make a wish. Here you can also see the cartoon "Telephone", voiced by Korney Ivanovich himself.
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In Zamoskvorechye, that rare area of our metropolis, where today by some miracle, the original appearance and charm of the old streets were preserved; in 1984, the museum of A.N. Ostrovsky. It was here that the great Russian playwright was born. This is not even a house, but rather a two-story wooden manor of the early 19th century, around which a marvelous garden blooms from the first days of spring almost until mid-autumn.
The home environment that existed during the life of the writer has been restored almost completely. There is a pleasant atmosphere of measured life. Ostrovsky's belongings are collected on the ground floor of the house: pieces of furniture (including rare collection his father), books, family portraits. In addition, many items of the museum collection allow the visitor to learn the history of Moscow at that time, the customs and tastes of its inhabitants, and due to this, perhaps, better understand the work of Alexander Ostrovsky. On the second floor, unique items related to stage productions of the playwright's works are exhibited. These are manuscripts, old posters, photographs of actors, sketches of scenery. As many as two halls are reserved specifically for the iconic plays "Dowry" and "Thunderstorm".
Museum of the writer Leo Tolstoy in Moscow is located on Prechistenka. Under him, the Museum Academy for Preschool Children "Ant Brothers" conducts developmental classes on an ongoing basis, as well as theatrical circles for schoolchildren. different ages. It has its own lecture hall and cinema, a library, a second-hand bookstore, connected, of course, with the life and work of Lev Nikolayevich. Also, in order to unite literary scholars and writers, and professionals from other museums, connoisseurs of art, a literary club "Levin" was created at the museum.
Today the main thematic excursions museum are "Father's house. Youth of a Genius”, “Legends and Givings of the Tolstoy Family”, “Pages of Life”, “Earth and Sky”, “War and Peace”.
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Villas of that time of great Russian writersVillas of that time of great Russian writers
Today, June 10, 2015, the Museum-Estate of L. N. Tolstoy "Yasnaya Polyana" turns 94 years old. Today we decided to remember and tell you about the estates and estates of the great Russian writers.
Museum-estate of L.N. Tolstoy "Yasnaya Polyana"
The foundations of the museum were laid by Leo Tolstoy's wife Sofya Andreevna, who carefully preserved not only the writer's belongings, but also the furnishings of the entire Yasnaya Polyana house.
She brought the letters stored in the estate into a system and provided assistance to researchers working on Tolstoy's biography. In the first two decades after the death of Lev Nikolaevich, his daughters Tatyana and Alexandra took a great part in the life of the estate, and the first guide to Yasnaya Polyana, seven years before the official opening of the museum, was written by the eldest son of the writer Sergei.
Fundamentals of Yasnaya Polyana
pawned by Leo Tolstoy's wife Sofia Andreevna
During the revolution and in the first years of the Civil War, the Tolstoy family nest was saved from pogroms thanks to the Yasnaya Polyana Society created in Tula and the Yasnaya Polyana peasants.
House of Leo Tolstoy
In 1918, the Council of People's Commissars adopted a special resolution, according to which the local authorities were obliged to protect the estate "with all the historical memories associated with it." The right to use the estate for life was assigned to Sofia Andreevna.
In 1928 Yasnaya Polyana
has already received 8 thousand visitors
On May 27, 1919, the People's Commissariat of Education issued Alexandra Lvovna Tolstaya a letter of protection for Yasnaya Polyana, which certified that the estate and all things in Tolstoy's house, which have "exceptional cultural and historical value and are national property, are under the protection of the state."
And two years later, on June 10, 1921, the government adopted a resolution according to which Yasnaya Polyana was declared a state museum-reserve. From now on, all estate plantings and buildings, including the interiors of Tolstoy's House, were to be preserved inviolable. The "commissioner-custodian of the museum" was to be responsible for this; the youngest daughter of the writer Alexandra Lvovna was appointed to this post.
Museum-reserve of I. S. Turgenev "Spasskoe-Lutovinovo"
The fate of the Turgenev estate after the death of the writer developed dramatically. Books, portraits, manuscripts, family values and memorable relics were distributed among the heirs. Many have disappeared forever. The empty house of Turgenev was destroyed by fire in 1906.
Spasskoe-Lutovinovo, the estate of Ivan Turgenev
Only thanks to the foresight of the new owners - the Galakhovs, the old library and memorial items were removed in advance and mostly preserved. During the years of civil war and turmoil, the estate turned out to be ownerless and poorly guarded.
The rest of the premises were dilapidated and plundered. Some buildings were demolished. For a number of years, Turgenev's estate was rented out - first to private individuals, later - to agricultural artels, a state farm and a local school. The pearl of the estate - Turgenev's park - ran wild, suffered greatly from logging.
The pre-revolutionary provincial museum, which nominally took care of the estate, despite the attempts of its head P.S. Tkachevsky, was powerless to stop the process of its desolation.
The turning point was the celebration of the 100th anniversary of Turgenev's birth in 1918. In Orel, in the house of the Galakhovs, nationalized for this purpose, a library-museum named after I. S. Turgenev was opened, which later had a beneficial effect on the position of Spassky-Lutovinov.
The surviving part of the Turgenev property - books, furniture, manuscripts, memorial things - were declared national property.
In 1918, the surviving Turgenev heritage
declared national property
In the autumn of 1921, the Soviet government adopted a legislative act on the protection of historical estates, natural monuments, parks and gardens. The Museum of I. S. Turgenev in Spasskoye-Lutovinovo was established on October 22, 1922 by order of the People's Commissariat of Education. In 1937, the reserve was elevated to the rank of an administrative unit and received the right to have a small economic staff.
In 1976, the house of I. S. Turgenev was restored in Spasskoye-Lutovinovo. Genuine items are returned here. Restored interiors. In September 1976, the memorial exposition was opened to visitors. August 28, 1987 by the decision of the Council of Ministers Russian Federation No. 351, it was given the status of the State Memorial and Natural Museum-Reserve.
"Tarkhany" - Lermontov Museum-Reserve
Tarkhany (now the village of Lermontovo) is the former estate of the grandmother of M. Yu. Lermontov, where the great poet spent his childhood and adolescence.
Tarkhany
Here he spent half of his short 26-year life. Here his ashes rest, and in the family chapel-tomb there is not only the grave of M. Yu. Lermontov, here is the grave of his mother, grandfather and grandmother. Next to the chapel is the grave of the poet's father, Yuri Petrovich Lermontov.
Lermontov Museum "Tarkhany"
is a monument of federal significance
Now in the village there is a museum-reserve "Tarkhany" - a unique historical and cultural monument of federal significance. The exposition complex includes a landowner's estate with a manor house, two churches built at the expense of the poet's grandmother: the Church of Mary of Egypt (on the estate) and the Church of Michael the Archangel (in the center of the village); the restored house of the key keeper and the people's hut.
Barsky Pond
The picturesque estate with ponds, gardens, parks, century-old lindens and elms keeps the memory of the time when the poet lived there.
In the Lermontov Museum "Tarkhany"
recreated the life of the first half of the XIX century.
The museum-reserve recreates the life of the first half of the 19th century. Theatrical performances, balls, folklore holidays, congratulatory programs are held here, the “Tarkhan wedding” is played out, ancient Tarkhan crafts are taught at master classes, and visitors enjoy riding boats and horses.
Museum-reserve of A. P. Chekhov "Melikhovo"
Melikhovo is one of the remarkable monuments of Russian culture. Here from 1892 to 1899. lived and worked the great Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov.
The main manor house in "Melikhov".
Melikhova is one of the main Chekhov museums in Russia, which is located in the vicinity of the city of Chekhov, Moscow Region. Here from 1892 to 1899 the writer lived with his parents and close relatives. Before leaving for the Crimea, Chekhov sold this estate, and after the revolution it fell into disrepair.
The decision to establish the museum as a branch of the Serpukhov Museum of Local Lore was made in 1939. In 1941, the museum opened to visitors, and Pyotr Nikolaevich Solovyov became its first director. The writer's sister M. P. Chekhova and his nephew S. M. Chekhov took an active part in recreating the atmosphere of the Chekhov's house.
Collection of the Chekhov Museum in Melikhovo
has more than 20 thousand exhibits
The museum reflects the activities of Chekhov as a writer, doctor, public figure. The collection of the museum in Melikhovo has more than 20 thousand exhibits. The museum contains paintings by artists - friends of the writer: I. Levitan, V. Polenov, N. Chekhov, P. Seregin and others.
Actors perform a story from Chekhov on the veranda of his house
at Melikhovo, June 2011
Melikhovo is a venue for concerts, theater and music festivals, exhibitions, Christmas trees. Its most interesting section is the creative heritage of artists from the Chekhov family.
The collection of photographs kept in the museum-reserve is the history of the life of the Melikhovo house, this is a genuine gallery of portraits of A.P. Chekhov and people close to the writer in his literary, theatrical and social activities
One of the first monuments to the writer in the USSR was erected on the territory of the museum in 1951 (sculptor G. I. Motovilov, architect L. M. Polyakov)
Memorial Museum-Reserve of A. S. Pushkin "Mikhailovskoe"
The full name is the Mikhailovskoye State Memorial Historical, Literary and Natural Landscape Museum-Reserve of A. S. Pushkin. The total area of the reserve is 9800 hectares.
Manor house in Mikhailovsky
In 1899, on the centenary of the birth of A. S. Pushkin, Mikhailovskoye was bought from the poet's heirs into state ownership. In 1911, a colony for elderly writers and a museum in memory of A. S. Pushkin were opened in the estate. Almost 20 years later, the estates of Mikhailovskoye, Trigorskoye, Petrovskoye were looted and burned.
On March 17, 1922, on the basis of a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars, the estates of Mikhailovskoye, Trigorskoye and the grave of A. S. Pushkin in the Svyatogorsky Monastery were declared protected. By 1937 (the centenary of the death of A. S. Pushkin), the poet's house-museum in Mikhailovsky, as well as some other buildings, were restored.
During the Second World War "Mikhailovskoe" was badly damaged.
It was restored by 1949.
During the Great Patriotic War, the reserve was badly damaged, the buildings of estates, the buildings of the Svyatogorsky monastery were destroyed, Pushkin's grave was damaged, ensembles were badly damaged manor parks. After the war, the restoration of the objects of the museum-reserve began, and by 1949 the Mikhailovskoye estate was restored.
Since 2013, by order of the Government of the Russian Federation State Museum-Reserve A. S. Pushkin "Mikhailovskoye" received the status of "Sightseeing place associated with the life and work of A. S. Pushkin in the village of Mikhailovskoye and its environs in the Pushkinogorsk district of the Pskov region."
1. Charles Dickens Apartment Museum, UK, LondonCharles Dickens and his wife Catherine moved into 48 Doughty Street in April 1837 and lived there until November 1839. It was at this time that Dickens completed the publication of The Pickwick Papers, and also published his famous novels - Oliver Twist and Nicholas Nickleby.
The writer's house was under threat of demolition in 1923, but it was bought out by the Dickensian Society, which had already existed for over twenty years. The building was renovated, and on June 9, 1925, a house-museum was opened here, which contains exhibits telling about writing career, works, era, personal and family life Dickens.
2. House Museum of Fyodor Dostoevsky, Russia, Staraya Russa
The house in Staraya Russa, Novgorod Region, became Dostoevsky's first real property. Until 1876, the writer's family lived only in rented apartments.
It was in Staraya Russa that Dostoevsky completed his novel The Possessed abroad and created The Brothers Karamazov. And it was in this house that he wrote the famous "Pushkin" speech, which became his last public speech.
The founding date of the museum is May 4, 1909. Dostoevsky's house survived the revolution and civil war, and even during the Great Patriotic War, when Staraya Russa was almost completely destroyed, the Dostoevsky house miraculously survived.
3. Mark Twain House Museum, USA, Hartford
The Mark Twain Museum in Hartford is a reconstruction of the house where the author and his family lived from 1874 to 1891. Here Twain wrote his most significant works, including The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, and A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court.
Opened in 2003, this museum provides guests with the opportunity to learn more about Mark Twain, his family, historic home and legacy. In addition, he has a wonderful website, the visit of which is no less interesting than the visit to the museum itself: http://www.marktwainhouse.org.
4. Apartment-Museum of Bulgakov, Russia, Moscow
The first and only Bulgakov Memorial Museum in Moscow opened just 4 years ago and is located at the writer's first Moscow address - on Bolshaya Sadovaya, in house 10, apartment 50. Here, in one of the communal rooms, the Bulgakov family lived their first hungry Moscow years. The image of a bad dwelling haunted the writer for a long time - and it was this communal apartment that became the prototype of the legendary “bad apartment” from the novel The Master and Margarita.
Today, the "bad apartment" is a museum where you can immerse yourself in the environment of the Moscow period of Bulgakov's life. A “bad staircase” leads to it, on the walls of which fans of the writer’s work have been leaving their notes and sketches for almost half a century.
5. House-museum of Honore de Balzac, France, Paris
The Balzac House Museum is located in the sixteenth arrondissement of the French capital along Reinoir Street. The writer lived here for seven years - from 1840 to 1847.
A feature of Balzac's house is the presence of two entrance doors, one of which is not noticed by everyone. The back entrance is located below the main building on the hillside. The reason for his appearance, some biographers of the writer call the frequent need to hide from numerous creditors who visited the house of the eternally penniless writer for the return of their money.
Today, manuscripts, caricatures and engravings of Balzac are stored here, and next to the house there is a small garden where the writer himself liked to spend his time.
6. Museum-apartment of Maxim Gorky, Russia, Nizhny Novgorod
This museum was opened in 1971 in the house where Maxim Gorky lived from 1902 to 1904. The number of rooms it has at its disposal makes it difficult to call the Gorky Museum an "apartment". Here is the office of Ekaterina Peshkova, the wife of Alexei Maksimovich; and a guest room, nicknamed "Chaliapin" for the fact that in 1903 the famous Opera singer; a living room, a nursery, a bedroom, a small dining room, the room of Ekaterina Peshkova's mother and, in the end, the writer's own study. A tour of such an “apartment” will definitely take more than one hour.
7. Goethe House Museum, Germany, Frankfurt am Main
Goethe's house in a long row of streets still looks like a real Frankfurt mansion of the 18th century. However, this is not evidence of history, but the result of the efforts of restorers. The bombings of World War II destroyed not only the house where Goethe was born, but also the entire street. With the help of the writer's notes and notes, his dwelling was carefully and in detail restored in the traditions of architecture and interiors of the era.
Now the house-museum houses an impressive collection of authentic things of the writer: these are portraits and paintings, pieces of furniture, original autographs of Goethe.
8. House Museum of Leo Tolstoy, Russia, Yasnaya Polyana
The Tolstoy House Museum is just a part of the huge family estate Yasnaya Polyana, located in the Tula region. Here the writer was born and created such world famous works like "War and Peace", "Anna Karenina". Here is his grave. The museum was founded in 1921 in the wing where Tolstoy lived. The writer's son and daughter became the first directors of the museum. During World War II, Yasnaya Polyana was occupied for 45 days. During the retreat of the Nazi troops, Tolstoy's house was set on fire, but the fire was extinguished. By May 1942 the estate was reopened to visitors.
9. Hugo House Museum, France, Paris
In 1832-1848, the outstanding French writer Victor Hugo and his beloved Adele Fouche rented an apartment on one of the floors of the house at number 6 on Place des Vosges. It was here that he wrote Ruy Blas, Mary Stuart and Les Misérables. Now this building houses the Hugo House Museum, which is managed by the municipality of Paris. The museum was opened on the centenary of the writer's birth - in 1902 - and is dedicated to his life and work. It houses a huge number of drawings and manuscripts of Victor Hugo, copies of the first editions of his works, as well as paintings and sculptures dedicated to Hugo.
10. Literary and Memorial Museum-Reserve of Chekhov, Russia, Melikhovo
The Melikhovsky estate of Chekhov includes a manor house, an outbuilding built by the writer in 1894 to accommodate guests and which became his place literary work, a garden, a kitchen garden, a pond "Aquarium", on the bank of which Chekhov liked to sit with a fishing rod.
Melikhovo reflects Chekhov's activities as a writer, doctor, and public figure. The collection of the museum in Melikhovo has more than 18 thousand exhibits. Manuscripts, personal belongings of the writer, books, photographs, furniture, visual materials, paintings by artists - friends of the writer: I. Levitan, V. Polenov, N. Chekhov and others are stored here.