Service. It is intended to denote various emotional and semantic shades. Also, with its help, completely new words and their forms are formed.

All particles in Russian are divided into two large categories:

1) those that express shades of various meanings and emotions (modal);

2) formative and word-forming.

Such a division is based on what meaning and what role this part of speech plays in the sentence.

Modal particles in Russian

Depending on the shades of meanings and emotions they express, the particles, in turn, are divided into the following groups:

1) incentive: let, well, -ka, well, let's, come on;

2) negative and affirmative: no, yes, not, exactly, not at all;

3) exclamatory-evaluative particles: well, still, what kind, oh how, oh what;

4) interrogative: what, really, really, whether;

5) intensifying particles: yes and, and, even, even;

6) concessive at least, nevertheless, nevertheless;

7) comparative: as, as if, as if, exactly, as if;

8) excretory-limiting particles: only, only, only, exclusively, almost;

9) clarifying: just, exactly, exactly, precisely;

10) demonstrative: here and, out and, here, this, out, that.

Formative and word-forming particles in Russian

The latter are:

1) particles neither and not, if they are used as prefixes to form adjectives, nouns, adverbs, as well as pronouns (indefinite and negative): not true, someone, nothing, etc .;

2) particles - either, - something, - something, something. They are used as affixes. With their help, indefinite pronouns and adverbs are formed: something, somewhere, somewhere, etc.

The shaping particle would be. With its help, the mood of the verb can be changed to the subjunctive: I would help, I would win.

Particles in Russian. Origin Classification

In Russian, some particles originate from various parts of speech, while others do not. On this basis, they are classified as follows:

1. Derivatives. They can come from adverbs: barely, directly, only, etc.; from verbs: let, let, see, etc .; from pronouns: -something, everything, -what, it, etc.; from unions: and, yes, the same, but, whether, -or, etc.

2. Non-derivative particles. Their origin is not connected with any parts of speech: -ka, out, here, etc.

Particles in Russian. Spelling "not" is merged with words

The unstressed particle is not used when one intends to express negation. It is written together with words only in the following cases:

a) if it serves as a prefix for nouns, adverbs and adjectives: unkind, sad, failure;

b) if the word without it is not found in use: ridiculous, out of place, slob;

c) if the forms of indefinite and negative pronouns are unprepositional: nobody, somebody, nothing, somebody;

d) if there are no dependent words with full communion: unheated sun, uncorrected mistake.

Particles in Russian. Spelling "ni" is merged with words

This unstressed particle is used to express amplification. It is written together with words in those cases when it acts as a prefix:

a) in negative adverbs: not at all, nowhere, nowhere, not at all, not at all, not at all, nowhere;

b) in negative pronouns (in their non-prepositional forms): I did not have a chance to take anyone on the road.