Biography

ZAKHODER BORIS VLADIMIROVICH (1918−2000), Russian Soviet writer, translator. Born September 9, 1918 in Kogul (Moldova). He spent his childhood years in Moscow, where, after graduating from school (1935), he studied at the Moscow Aviation Institute, then at the biological faculties of Moscow and Kazan universities, and in 1938-1947 - in Literary Institute them. A. M. Gorky. As an employee of the army press, he participated in the Soviet-Finnish and Great Patriotic Wars.

First poem for children sea ​​battle published under the pseudonym Boris West in 1947 in the magazine Zateynik. He was regularly published in the Murzilka magazine, the Pionerskaya Pravda newspaper, published collections of poems On the back of the desk (1955), Martyshkino tomorrow (1956), Nobody and others (1958), Who looks like whom (1960), Comrades for children (1966) , School for Chicks (1970), Counting (1979), My Imagination (1980), If They Give Me a Boat (1981), etc.

The main theme of Zakhoder's children's poetry is the world of animals, among which, with their convincing and vivid, individualized characters and habits, they appear as well famous characters(kangaroos, antelopes, camels, ferrets, ostriches), causing not only tenderness, but also irritation with such traits as savagery, ignorance, narcissism, stupidity (these are wild boars, rhinos, peacocks, parrots), and unprecedented animals known only to readers L. Darrell and other classics of world children's animalistic literature, including Zakhoder himself (Kavot, Kamut, Mnim, Rapunok, Southern Ktototam, Pipa of Surinam). As befits the heroes of children's works, Zakhoder's animals do evil and good deeds, talk and argue with each other and with people, make requests for justice and protection ("This little animal is quite harmless. / True, her appearance is unenviable. / People called the poor thing - "Echidna". / People, change your mind! / Aren't you ashamed?!", a poem by Echidna).

The same theme defines most of Zakhoder's prose - the books of fairy tales Martyshkino tomorrow (1956), The Good Rhino, Once upon a time Fip (both 1977), fairy tales The Gray Star (1963), The Little Mermaid (1967), The Hermit and the Rose (1969), History Caterpillars, Why fish are silent, Ma-Tari-Kari (all 1970), Tale about everyone in the world (1976), etc. (many popular science films were shot), which are based on stories about one or another "ordinary" miracle nature (for example, the transformation of a caterpillar into a butterfly), which also implies a semantic metaphorical layer: the path to finding one's true self.

Warm and friendly, understanding humor, constant word game (distinguishing feature Zakhoder’s poetics) are imbued with his poems about schoolchildren Petya and Vova, restless mischievous people who talk about their tricks with naive frankness and thus, without bothering, teach by a “bad” example.

Zakhoder entered the history of Russian children's literature as a translator (often the first one) and a transcriber of many masterpieces foreign literature for children: fairy tales by A. A. Milne Winnie the Pooh and everything (other version - Winnie the Pooh and everyone else, 1960), P. Travers Mary Poppins (1968), L. Carroll Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1971−1972), fairy tales by K. Chapek, the Grimm brothers (The Bremen Town Musicians, 1982, etc.), plays by J.M. Barry Peter Pan (1967), poems by J. Brzehwa, Y. Tuwim, W.J Smith, L. Kern and others. Acting rather as a retelling of texts by English, Czech, German and Polish authors, introducing his own creativity, Zakhoder managed, while retaining the unique flavor of the original, to organically introduce works of foreign literature into the circle of reading and artistic experience of his compatriots, making many of the works he translated the favorite reading of Russians of all ages. A number of his artistic adaptations served as the basis for musical, stage, radio and television interpretations, an incentive for "continuations" and imitations).

Among Zakhoder's own dramatic writings for children's theater- plays Rostik in the Dark Forest, Mary Poppins (both 1976), Thumbelina's Wings (1978; the last two co-authored with V. Klimovsky), Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1982), the libretto of the opera Lopushok at Lukomorye (1977), plays for puppet theater(incl. Very Smart Toys, 1976).

The sharpness of thought and the freshness of the poetic language are also distinguished by Zakhoder's "adult" poems (Leaflets: A Poem in Poems, 1965; Petty Zakhoderdas, etc.).

Widely known not only in our country, but also abroad, winner of many literary prizes(including the International Prize named after H.K. Andersen), Zakhoder brilliantly combined the classical traditions of Russian literature with word-creative acquisitions " silver age».

Soviet writer, translator Boris Vladimirovich Zakhoder was born on September 9, 1918 in Moldavia, Kogula. Zakhoder spent his childhood in Moscow. In 1935 he entered the Moscow Aviation Institute. From 1938 to 1947 he studied at the biological faculties of Moscow / Kazan universities, as well as at the Gorky Literary Institute. As an employee of the army press, he participated in the Soviet-Finnish, as well as in the Great Patriotic War.

The work "Sea Battle" is the first poem for children, which was published in 1947 in the magazine "Zateynik". Zakhoder was regularly published by Pionerskaya Pravda and the Murzilka magazine. Numerous poetry collections have been published.

The main theme of Zakhoder's poetry for children is directly the animal world, where animals perform good and evil deeds. This theme also determines most of the writer's prose. Boris Zakhoder entered the history of Russian children's literature as an excellent translator, transcriber of most of the masterpieces of foreign children's literature. A number of artistic adaptations of the writer served as the basis for stage, musical, radio and television interpretations. They were an incentive for imitations, as well as continuations.

"Adult" poems by Zakhoder are distinguished by the freshness of the poetic language, as well as the sharpness of thought. Zakhoder is widely known in the country, as well as abroad, the winner of multiple literary awards. The writer perfectly combined the word-creative acquisitions of the "Silver Age" with the classical traditions of Russian literature.

Zakhoder died on November 7, 2000 in Moscow.

As an employee of the army press, he participated in the Soviet-Finnish and Great Patriotic Wars.

In 1947, Boris Zakhoder graduated from the Literary Institute, and in the same year his poem "Sea Battle" (under the pseudonym Boris West) was published in the magazine "Zateynik".

In the same period, Zakhoder began to translate. In 1952, his translations of the stories of Anna Zegers (under the pseudonym "B. Volodin") were published in the "People's Library" Ogonyok "; from 1955 to 1960, Boris Zakhoder translated "Tales and Funny Stories" by Karel Chapek into Russian, as well as some works Jan Grabovsky, Julian Tuwim and Jan Brzekhva Zakhoder joined the Writers' Union of the USSR in 1958. In the same year, his retelling of the fairy tale English writer Alan Milne "Winnie the Pooh" was placed in the children's magazine "Murzilka". The first edition of the book was published in 1960 (publishing house " Child's world"). The book was called "Winnie the Pooh and all the rest"; starting with the second edition, released by "Children's Literature" in 1965, it became known as "Winnie the Pooh and All, All, All." In popularity, the book even surpassed the original. A facsimile version of Zakhoder's book "Winnie the Pooh" was released in the USA in 1967. From 1969 to 1972, the Soyuzmultfilm studio released three cartoons based on the book about Winnie the Pooh. musical theater the opera "Winnie the Pooh Again" was staged for children.

In the early 1960s, Boris Zakhoder translated the play Peter Pan by James M. Barrie. In 1968, lyrics were written for the play "Peter Pan", staged at the Central Children's Theater in Moscow.

In the period of the 1950s-1980s, collections of poems by Boris Zakhoder were published: "On the Back Desk" (1955), "Nobody and Others" (1958), "Who Looks Like Whom" (1960), "To Comrades Children (1966 )", "School for Chicks" (1970), "Consideration" (1979), "My Imagination" (1980), "If they give me a boat" (1981) and others. Also, his work was published in the newspaper "Pionerskaya Pravda" and magazine "Murzilka".

In addition to poetry, Boris Zakhoder was the author prose works: books of fairy tales "Monkey's Tomorrow" (1956), "Kind Rhino" (1977), "Once upon a time there was Fip" (1977), fairy tales "Grey Star" (1963), "The Little Mermaid" (1967), "The Hermit and the Rose" (1969), "The Story of the Caterpillar" (1970), "Why the Fish Are Silent" (1970), "Ma-Tari-Kari" (1970), "The Tale of Everyone in the World" (1976) and many others.

More about invented by Zakhoder magical land Imagination and its inhabitants

Boris Zakhoder wrote a number of dramatic works for the children's theater: "Rostik in the Dark Forest" (1976), "Mary Poppins" (1976), "Thumbelina's Wings" (1978, co-authored with Valentin Klimovsky), "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" (1982); Zakhoder is the author of the libretto for the opera Lopushok at Lukomorye (1977), the play for the puppet theater Very Clever Toys (1976).

Boris Zakhoder is best known for his translations and retellings of children's fairy tales: "Mary Poppins" by Pamela Travers (1968), "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" by Lewis Carroll (1971-1972), fairy tales by Karel Chapek, the Brothers Grimm ("The Bremen Town Musicians", 1982, etc.), a play by James M. Barry "Peter Pan" (1967).

In 1996, collections of lyrics "Leaflets" and "Almost posthumous" were published in a small edition. In 1997, the book "Insolence" was published.

The writer's poems and fairy tales have been translated into many languages ​​of the world and published in England, the USA, Australia, Germany, Poland, Romania, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia.

Boris Zakhoder was awarded the International Prize. G.H. Andersen (1978, for the author's retelling of "Alice in Wonderland"); in 1993 he received a prize and a diploma from the Association of Children's Writers and the National Section of Russia at the International Council for Children's Literature (for his contribution to the development of children's literature); in 1994 - the award and diploma of the publishing house "Children's Literature"; in 1996 - a diploma following the results All-Russian competition reader's sympathy "Golden Key-1996".

Awarded with the K.D. Ushinsky (1998), in 2000 he received the State Prize of the Russian Federation.

The writer was married three times. His first wife was Nina Zozulya, daughter of the famous prose writer Efim Zozulya, and his second wife was Kira Smirnova, a pop artist.

The third wife of Boris Zakhoder in 1966 was Galina Romanova, photo artist and writer.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources

The name of Boris Vladimirovich Zakhoder is known to almost all people living in the post-Soviet space. A writer with a memorable surname is known to us from the cheerful and instructive poems that were included in school curriculum lower grades. At the same time, not everyone knows the biography of Boris Zakhoder - one of the most prominent representatives children's prose in the USSR. This article will tell about the life and work of Boris Vladimirovich.

Early years of the writer

The biography of Boris Vladimirovich Zakhoder originates in the Moldavian city of Cahul. It was here that on September 9, 1918, the future writer was born. Boris's family could be called intelligent. The writer's father, Vladimir Zakhoder, worked in the field of jurisprudence. Many knew him as a competent and competent specialist. Boris's mother, Polina Zakhoder, was an educated and well-read woman. Thanks to her knowledge of several languages, she was able to get a job as a translator.

Young Boris, brought up in a family so smart and intelligent, became a smart and inquisitive person. The future writer was tempted by the natural sciences, and most of all - biology. Boris actively studied several foreign languages, went in for sports and read a lot. True, he was mainly interested in journalism. The boy was indifferent to fiction, and therefore the decision to become a writer was rather unexpected for his relatives. The literary path has completely determined further biography Boris Zakhoder. However, the writer's career was interrupted by the Great Patriotic War.

Young years

Boris Vladimirovich has repeatedly admitted that he would like to become a scientist. children's writer once fascinated by biology, especially botany. The young man liked experiments with plants, which often ended successfully. This allowed Boris to easily enter the biological faculty of Moscow State University.

It is still not clear how the hero of our article was able to reorient himself from a biologist into a successful writer. It is known that fiction did not attract Boris. He liked exact scientific research. Only one thing is clear: the young man developed his own writing style, so unusual and original that there is nothing to even compare it with.

The biography of Boris Zakhoder testifies to the receipt of a philological education by a young man. At the same time, the hero of our article participated in two wars: the Russian-Finnish and the Great Patriotic War. In the latter, Boris served as a front-line journalist. In 1944, Zakhoder even received a medal "For Military Merit".

Hard luck

Creativity of the writer

Many mistakenly consider Zakhoder a "frivolous" writer who, due to constant failures, was never able to receive real literary recognition. And this is a huge misconception. Boris Vladimirovich managed to find himself in the very area in which he was able to work most effectively.

But writing for children is not so easy. You need to have remarkable knowledge in the field of pedagogy, developmental psychology and even rhetoric. Perhaps such scientific disciplines passed Zakhoder by. And yet, on his poems, he brought up several generations and continues to educate even after his death. Boris Vladimirovich died on November 7, 2000. The writer was buried at the Troekurovsky cemetery in Moscow.

Boris Zakhoder is mainly poet for children but he is also known as a talented writer and translator. Every child met with his work, but not everyone is aware of the difficult fate of the writer.

Having gone through two wars and lost loved one, Boris Vladimirovich became only stronger. His creativity in Soviet time for a long time they did not recognize him, but he did not despair and continued to work.

Childhood

Born Boris Vladimirovich September 9, 1918 in Cahul. Vladimir Zakhoder was his father and worked as a lawyer by profession, and his mother Polina Gertsenshtein was a nurse in the infirmary. Parents met at the front.

The family in Moldova did not live long and with a very small child moved to Odessa, and then to Moscow. The change of scenery during the journey was very difficult for the writer.

As a child, the little boy was not interested in literature. He was interested in biology, sports and foreign languages under the guidance of the mother. Polina Naumovna By that time, she had become a talented translator. The child was very gifted, he learned quickly and at the age of 11 he first translated Goethe's poem "The Forest King".

Youth

The works of the great philosopher accompanied the poet for a long time. The boy waited for the first blow at the age of 14, his mother voluntarily passes away. No one has ever known the reason. At this time, Boris Zakhoder fell into depression and completely immersed himself in science.

The study of animals and plants occupied almost all free time, therefore, in 1936, the Faculty of Biology was chosen at Kazan University. In 1938 the writer was transferred to the Institute of Literature. I managed to get a red diploma by 1947 due to hostilities.

The poet voluntarily went to the front and during the service he worked on the creation of a newspaper "Fire on the Enemy" participated in the battle for Lvov. His poems, published in the newspaper, helped and encouraged the soldiers. In 1944 he was given a medal for services to the Fatherland, and later in 1985 he was awarded an order.

A family

With personal life for a long time did not work out. Marriage with first wife Nina Zozuley disintegrated quickly. The woman did not wait for her husband from the Finnish war. With his second wife Kira Smirnova the writer lived for more than 20 years, but others noticed that there was no happiness in marriage.

Galina Romanova appeared on the path of the poet in 1963. It was the love of his life. In 1966, the lovers got married and moved to a modest but cozy house in the village of Komarovka.

In it, Boris Zakhoder created his the best works and lived the rest of his life. Galina worked as a photographer and was also fond of the activities of the writer. She is the first wife to take the surname Zakhoder. The poet had no children of his own.

Creation

In literary circles, for a long time they did not perceive the works written by Boris Vladimirovich. Only more than 10 years after graduating from the university, in 1958, the poet was accepted into the Writers' Union.

It was a success, because people without work at the time were criminally prosecuted for parasitism. Zakhoder wrote many poems and stories throughout his life. first book "Four-Legged Helpers" printed in 1959. In his performance, you can read translations of foreign fairy tales.

Not only children, but also adults read with pleasure "Alice in Wonderland", "Peter Pan" and " winnie the pooh". Zakhoder endowed each character with new qualities, while trying to convey the style of the original work. A unique narrative was a highlight in the works of the writer.

A series of poems about the mischievous Petya and Vova capable of teaching good behavior to children in elementary grades. The quatrains contain humor and interesting game words. In stories about animals, there are real and fictional characters.

All animals are multifaceted, they perform different actions. There are positive and bad guys. The poet wanted to acquaint young readers with the variety of animals and birds, as well as teach them to take care of nature.

In his work, he also teaches to forgive, treat elders with respect, make friends and do good deeds. It is very difficult to write children's works, but Zakhoder could find my style and convey hidden meaning works up to girls and boys of different ages.

Boris Vladimirovich wrote plays for the children's theater: "Mary Poppins", "Thumbelina's Wings", "Alice in Wonderland". According to his ideas, the cartoons "Topochumba", "Fantik" and many others were filmed. You can also find poems for adults. His work has been translated into several languages.

In 2000 at the age of 82 the poet left this world, but left behind a great legacy of fairy tales, poems and stories. His works are imbued with mild humor, read easily and naturally. Having become acquainted with one work, I want to read others.

As an employee of the army press, he participated in the Soviet-Finnish and Great Patriotic Wars.

In 1947, Boris Zakhoder graduated from the Literary Institute, and in the same year his poem "Sea Battle" (under the pseudonym Boris West) was published in the magazine "Zateynik".

In the same period, Zakhoder began to translate. In 1952, his translations of the stories of Anna Zegers (under the pseudonym "B. Volodin") were published in the "People's Library" Ogonyok "; from 1955 to 1960, Boris Zakhoder translated "Tales and Funny Stories" by Karel Chapek into Russian, as well as some works Jan Grabovsky, Julian Tuwim and Jan Brzehwa.In 1958, Zakhoder joined the Union of Writers of the USSR.In the same year, his retelling of the fairy tale by the English writer Alan Milne "Winnie the Pooh" was published in the children's magazine "Murzilka".The first edition of the book was published in 1960 (Children's World publishing house) The book was called "Winnie the Pooh and all the rest"; starting with the second edition, released by "Children's Literature" in 1965, it became known as "Winnie the Pooh and all-all-all". The book even surpassed the original in popularity.In 1967, a facsimile version of Zakhoder's book "Winnie the Pooh" was released in the United States.From 1969 to 1972, the Soyuzmultfilm studio released three cartoons based on the book about Winnie the Pooh.The Musical Theater for Children was staged opera Winnie the Pooh Again.

In the early 1960s, Boris Zakhoder translated the play Peter Pan by James M. Barrie. In 1968, lyrics were written for the play "Peter Pan", staged at the Central Children's Theater in Moscow.

In the period of the 1950s-1980s, collections of poems by Boris Zakhoder were published: "On the Back Desk" (1955), "Nobody and Others" (1958), "Who Looks Like Whom" (1960), "To Comrades Children (1966 )", "School for Chicks" (1970), "Consideration" (1979), "My Imagination" (1980), "If they give me a boat" (1981) and others. Also, his work was published in the newspaper "Pionerskaya Pravda" and magazine "Murzilka".

In addition to poetry, Boris Zakhoder was the author of prose works: books of fairy tales "Monkey's Tomorrow" (1956), "Kind Rhino" (1977), "Once upon a time there was Fip" (1977), fairy tales "Grey Star" (1963), "The Little Mermaid" (1967), "The Hermit and the Rose" (1969), "The Story of the Caterpillar" (1970), "Why the Fish Are Silent" (1970), "Ma-Tari-Kari" (1970), "The Tale of Everyone in the World" (1976 ) and many others.

More about the magical land of Imagination invented by Zakhoder and its inhabitants

Boris Zakhoder wrote a number of dramatic works for the children's theater: "Rostik in the Dark Forest" (1976), "Mary Poppins" (1976), "Thumbelina's Wings" (1978, co-authored with Valentin Klimovsky), "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" (1982); Zakhoder is the author of the libretto for the opera Lopushok at Lukomorye (1977), the play for the puppet theater Very Clever Toys (1976).

Boris Zakhoder is best known for his translations and retellings of children's fairy tales: "Mary Poppins" by Pamela Travers (1968), "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" by Lewis Carroll (1971-1972), fairy tales by Karel Chapek, the Brothers Grimm ("The Bremen Town Musicians", 1982, etc.), a play by James M. Barry "Peter Pan" (1967).

In 1996, collections of lyrics "Leaflets" and "Almost posthumous" were published in a small edition. In 1997, the book "Insolence" was published.

The writer's poems and fairy tales have been translated into many languages ​​of the world and published in England, the USA, Australia, Germany, Poland, Romania, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia.

Boris Zakhoder was awarded the International Prize. G.H. Andersen (1978, for the author's retelling of "Alice in Wonderland"); in 1993 he received a prize and a diploma from the Association of Children's Writers and the National Section of Russia at the International Council for Children's Literature (for his contribution to the development of children's literature); in 1994 - the award and diploma of the publishing house "Children's Literature"; in 1996 - a diploma based on the results of the All-Russian competition of readers' sympathies "Golden Key-1996".

Awarded with the K.D. Ushinsky (1998), in 2000 he received the State Prize of the Russian Federation.

The writer was married three times. His first wife was Nina Zozulya, daughter of the famous prose writer Efim Zozulya, and his second wife was Kira Smirnova, a pop artist.

The third wife of Boris Zakhoder in 1966 was Galina Romanova, photo artist and writer.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources