Comparative characteristics of Oblomov and Stolz

Lazy people are always going to do something.

Luc de Clapier Vauvenargues.

The novel "Oblomov" was written by I.A. Goncharov in 1859. When the work was published, it captured all the attention of society. Critics and writers called the novel “a sign of the times” (N.A. Dobrolyubov), “the most important thing that has not been for a long time” (L.N. Tolstoy), a new word has appeared in everyday life: “Oblomovism”. I.S. Turgenev once remarked: “As long as at least one Russian remains, Oblomov will be remembered until then.”

Starting to read this work, to be honest, I was a little annoyed. From the first chapters, the image of Oblomov was incomprehensible to me, and even ... I had a certain dislike for this character. Not to the work itself, but to it. I can explain - my namesake greatly resented me with his laziness and apathy. It was unbearable. And how glad I was to learn in the process of reading this novel that Oblomov has, as Dobrolyubov puts it, an “antidote” - his friend Andrei Stoltz. Strange, but for some reason I was very happy. I noticed that Goncharov took advantage of this antithesis for a reason - he shows two opposites, originally conceived as an opposition between the West and Russia. But I learned about this a little later, in a literature lesson ...

What about the comparison of these characters? Take, for example, the image of Oblomov in the novel. He is not drawn with satirical, but rather with soft, sad humor, although his laziness and inertia often appear grotesque, for example, in the first part of the novel, Oblomov's day is described, during which the hero cannot gather strength for a long time and painfully to get up from the couch . This is how it appears before us main character. Why be surprised? Everything comes from childhood! Let's remember Oblomovka, the village where Ilya lived as a child... Oblomovka is a village of peace, blessings, sleep, laziness, illiteracy, stupidity. Everyone in it lived for his own pleasure, without experiencing any mental, moral and spiritual needs. The Oblomovites had no goals, no troubles; no one thought about why man, the world, was created. And it was in this atmosphere that Ilya Ilyich Oblomov grew up and, I’m not afraid of this word ... “educated” Ilya Ilyich Oblomov ... Further, in the process of reading, we learn about his studies at the boarding school, where he “... listened to what the teachers said, because there was nothing else to do it was impossible, and with difficulty, with sweat, with sighs, he learned the lessons given to him ... ”About the same later, he treated the service. True, at the very beginning he dreamed of serving Russia, "until he was strong." But laziness and indifference to life were so deep that all his noble dreams remained unfulfilled. He turns into a sloth and couch potato. The people around you are used to it. But do not think that Oblomov is completely hopeless. All his strengths and all his positive qualities are revealed in his romance with Olga Ilyinskaya, which, however, is torn apart due to Oblomov's inability to radically change his lifestyle and take serious practical steps.

What about Stoltz? Stolz is the complete opposite of Oblomov. Half German by nationality, he grew up in an atmosphere of mental and physical labor. Stolz has been accustomed to order since childhood and knows for sure that everything in life can only be achieved through hard work. He repeated this thought to Oblomov tirelessly. This is natural, because Ilya Ilyich was nurtured like "an exotic flower in a greenhouse." Stolz, on the other hand, grew up as "a cactus accustomed to drought." And just like that, all this was the soil for the further way of life of a friend of Ilya Ilyich. Andrei is energetic, not devoid of charm, gives the impression of a reliable person. As for me, but I see a strong and straightforward personality in Stolz, I don’t understand why Chekhov said otherwise about him. Stolz is super-energetic, muscular, active, firmly on his feet, amassed a large capital, a scientist who travels a lot. He has friends everywhere, he is respected as strong personality. He is one of the main representatives of the trading company. He is cheerful, cheerful, hardworking ... This is the difference from Oblomov, which is evident.

Behind the antithesis of Stolz and Oblomov, one can see the opposition of the West and Russia. Stolz is portrayed by Goncharov as a harmonious, comprehensively developed personality, combining German pragmatism and Russian spirituality. He is clearly idealized by the author, who sees the future of Russia in Stolz and others like him, the possibility of its progressive development, this is emphasized in the plot by the fact that Olga Ilyinskaya gives her hand to Stolz. This, in my opinion, is the main comparison between Andrei Stolz and Ilya Oblomov.

In I. A. Goncharov’s novel Oblomov, one of the main techniques for revealing images is the antithesis technique. With the help of opposition, the image of the Russian master Ilya Ilyich Oblomov and the image of the practical German Andrey Stolz are compared. Thus, Goncharov shows what are the similarities and what are the differences between these heroes of the novel.

Ilya Ilyich Oblomov- a typical representative of the Russian nobility of the XIX century. His social position can be briefly described as follows: "Oblomov, a nobleman by birth, collegiate secretary by rank, has been living in St. Petersburg for the twelfth year." By nature, Oblomov is a gentle and calm person, trying not to disturb his usual way of life. “His movements, when he was even alarmed, were also restrained by softness and laziness, not devoid of a kind of grace.” Oblomov spends whole days at home, lying on his sofa and thinking about the necessary transformations in his Oblomovka estate. At the same time, any definite idea was often absent from his face. “The thought walked like a free bird across the face, fluttered in the eyes, sat on half-open lips, hid in the folds of the forehead, then completely disappeared, and then an even light of carelessness glimmered all over the face.” Even at home, “he was lost in the tide of everyday worries and kept lying, tossing and turning from side to side.” Oblomov eschews secular society and generally tries not to go out into the street. His serene state is violated only by visitors who come to Oblomov only for selfish purposes. Tarantiev, for example, simply robs Oblomov, constantly borrowing money from him and not returning it. Oblomov turns out to be a victim of his visitors, not understanding the real purpose of their visits. Oblomov is so far from real life that light for him represents eternal vanity without any purpose. “No sincere laughter, no glimmer of sympathy… what kind of life is this?” - Oblomov exclaims, considering communication with secular society an empty pastime. But suddenly the calm and measured life of Ilya Ilyich is interrupted. What happened? His friend of youth, Stolz, arrives, with whom Oblomov pins hopes for improving his situation.

“Stolz is the same age as Oblomov: and he is already over thirty years old. He served, retired, went about his business and actually made a house and money.” The son of a burgher, Stolz can be considered an antipode to the idle Russian gentleman of the 19th century, Oblomov. From the early childhood he was brought up in harsh conditions, gradually getting used to the difficulties and hardships of life. His father is German, his mother is Russian, but Stolz inherited practically nothing from her. His father was completely involved in his upbringing, so the son grew up just as practical and purposeful. “He is all made up of bones, muscles and nerves, like a blooded English horse.” Unlike Oblomov, Stolz "was afraid of any dream", "the mysterious, the mysterious had no place in his soul." If Oblomov’s normal state can be called lying down, then Stolz’s is movement. Stolz's main task was "a simple, that is, a direct, real view of life." But what then connects Oblomov and Stolz? Childhood and school - that's what connected people so different in character and in their views for the rest of their lives. However, in his youth, Oblomov was just as active and passionate about knowledge as Stolz. They spent long hours together reading books and studying various sciences. But upbringing and gentle character still played a role, and Oblomov soon moves away from Stolz. Subsequently, Stolz tries to bring his friend back to life, but his attempts are futile: Oblomovism has swallowed up Oblomov.

Thus, the reception of antithesis is one of the main techniques in the novel by I. A. Goncharov “Oblomov”. With the help of antithesis, Goncharov compares not only the images of Oblomov and Stolz, he also compares the objects surrounding them and reality. Using the technique of antithesis, Goncharov continues the tradition of many Russian writers. For example, N. A. Ostrovsky in his work “Thunderstorm” contrasts Kabanikh and Katerina. If for Kabanikhi “Domostroy” serves as the ideal of life, then for Katerina, love, honesty and mutual understanding are above all. A, S. Griboyedov in the immortal work “Woe from Wit”, using the antithesis technique, compares Chatsky and Famusov.

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Comparative characteristics of Oblomov and Stolz

	Ilya Ilyich Oblomov	Andrei Ivanovich Stolz
age
portrait	“A man of medium height, pleasant appearance, softness dominated in his face, the soul shone openly and clearly in his eyes”, “flabby beyond his years”	"all made up of bones, muscles and nerves, like a blooded English horse", thin, "Even complexion", expressive eyes
parents		“Stolz is only half German, according to his father: his mother was Russian”
upbringing	The upbringing was patriarchal in nature, passed "from embraces to embraces of relatives, friends"	The father brought up hard, accustoming to work, "mother did not quite like this labor, practical education"
Attitude towards learning	He studied “out of necessity”, “serious reading tired him”, “but the poets touched ... to the quick”	"He studied well, and his father made him a referent in his boarding school"
Further education	Up to 20 years spent in Oblomovka	Stolz graduated from the university
Lifestyle	“Ilya Ilyich’s lying down was a normal state”	“participates in some company that sends goods abroad”, “he is constantly on the move”
housekeeping	Didn't do business in the village, received a small income and lived in debt	"lived on a budget", constantly controlling their expenses
Life aspirations	"prepared for the field", thought about the role in society, about family happiness, then he excluded from his dreams social activities, his ideal was a carefree life in unity with nature, family, friends	Having chosen an active principle in his youth, he did not change his desires, “labor is the image, content, element and purpose of life”
Views on society	All “members of society are dead, sleeping people”, they are characterized by insincerity, envy, a desire to “get a high-profile rank” by any means	Immersed in the life of society, a supporter of professional activities, which he is engaged in himself, supports progressive changes in society
Attitude towards Olga	I wanted to see a loving woman who could create a serene family life	Brings up in her an active principle, the ability to fight, develops her mind
relationship	He considered Stolz his only friend, able to understand and help, listened to his advice	highly valued moral Oblomov's qualities, his "honest, faithful heart", loved him "firmly and ardently", saved him from the swindler Tarantiev, wanted to revive him to an active life
self-esteem	He constantly doubted himself, this manifested his dual nature	I am confident in my feelings, deeds and actions, which I subordinated to cold calculation
Character features	Inactive, dreamy, sloppy, indecisive, lazy, apathetic, not devoid of subtle emotional experiences Oblomov and Stolz. Problem tasks Group Be able to compose comparative characteristic Oblomov and Stolz. ... Frontal, group comparative characteristic Oblomov and Olga, reveal... Thematic planning of literature lessons in grade 10 Lesson Friend? Meeting with Stolz. What is the difference between education Oblomov and Stolz? Why love for Olga... days?) 18, 19 5-6 Oblomov and Stolz. Planning comparative characteristics Oblomov and Stolz, a conversation according to a plan ... Order No. 2012 "Agreed" N. Ischuk Working programm Chit. chapters of the novel. Comparative characteristic Oblomov and Stolz 22 The theme of love in the novel ... Oblomov "Ind. set. " Comparative characteristic Ilyinskaya and Pshenitsyna" 23 ... Q. 10 p. 307. Comparative characteristic A. Bolkonsky and P. Bezukhov... Calendar thematic planning 1o class textbook Yu. V. Lebedev 3 hours a week. Total 102 hours Lesson Image Oblomov, the formation of his character, lifestyle, ideals. be able to compose characteristic... until the end of 52 Oblomov and Stolz. Comparative characteristic To make a plan comparative characteristics Oblomov and Stolz. Know how to express your thoughts...

Plan

1. Childhood of the main characters

2. Fatherhood and youth

3.Maturity

4.Conclusion

Childhood of the main characters

Oblomov and Stolz grew up practically together. The Oblomov family owned the nearby villages of Sosnovka and Vavilovka, which were most often combined in one name - Oblomovka. Five versts from them was the village of Verkhlevo. The owner did not show up in it, leaving all management in the hands of Father Stolz. Little Ilya was in the center of attention of the whole family. He was pampered and fed with sweets. The child was allowed to walk only with the nanny, who was strictly punished not to leave him alone.

Ilya was naturally inquisitive, he wanted to run and frolic, but the nanny immediately stopped all his attempts. The child received complete freedom only after dinner, when the whole Oblomovka plunged into a deep sleep. Ilya began to explore all available places, but did not dare to go beyond the courtyard. The child was learning the world mainly based on the stories of the mother and the fairy tales of the nanny. Fabulous life replaced the real.

Andrei grew up in Verkhlev. His father was German, his mother was Russian. The elder Stolz dreamed that his son would follow his path. His mother wanted to make him a gentleman. FROM early years Andrei received practical knowledge from his father. Otherwise, he was completely free and spent free time with village children. The child was distinguished by a violent and restless disposition: he fought and ruined bird nests.

When Andrei disappeared for a whole week, Ivan Bogdanovich Stoltz was not even worried. When his son finally returned, he only asked if he had done the required translation. Having received a negative answer, the father rudely pushed his son out of the house and said that he could return only with a translation and a role learned for his mother. Andrei disappeared for another week, but he did everything.

Adolescence and youth

At the age of thirteen, Ilya was given as an apprentice to Ivan Bogdanovich. Parents did not see any use from science. They only heard that at the present time, a diploma is needed to obtain ranks. Since there were five miles between the villages, Ilya had to leave for Stolz for a week. Under various pretexts (holidays, heat, cold), these trips were postponed. Education was haphazard and of little use. The nanny was replaced by Zakharka, who was obliged to fulfill the slightest desire of the barchon. This spoiled Ilya so much that he soon lost all ability for independent activity.

At the same age, Andrei was already a completely independent person. His father trusted him to travel alone with assignments to the city and paid money for this. Moreover, Andrei soon became a tutor at his father's boarding school and received a salary for this. After graduating from university, young Stolz came to Verkhlevo and lived there for only three months. His father sent him to St. Petersburg, where Oblomov was already. Childhood friends met in St. Petersburg. At that time, their aspirations were similar. Both dreamed of a great career, travel and discovery.

Oblomov and Stolz often walked together, went out "to people", met girls. But Oblomov's natural laziness took its toll. He became sick of the service, and two years later he resigned. Ilya Ilyich increasingly closed himself in his apartment and stopped relations with acquaintances. Stolz could not help his friend, as he constantly made trips not only in Russia, but also abroad on business.

Maturity

When the friends were over thirty years old, it became clear that their characters and way of life were formed and represented a complete opposite. Ilya Ilyich turned his apartment in St. Petersburg into a small piece of Oblomovka. He spends most of his time in bed. Oblomov's sleep is interrupted only during meals. He is still served by Zakhar, who was taken out of the village. The apartment is a terrible mess. Ilya Ilyich is not capable of completing a single task. In imagination he may develop various plans, but they never get practical implementation.

Stolz had by this time traveled up and down Russia and Europe. He also left the service, but not out of laziness, but in order to take up his own commercial affairs. Andrew is always on the move. Having set a goal for himself, he stubbornly achieves its implementation. Stolz is considered a cold and insensitive person. This is not entirely true. It’s just that Andrei is too rational, he doesn’t have time to show feelings.

Conclusion

Stolz and Oblomov are radically different in character and lifestyle. This happened due to different upbringing. Representing the complete opposite, Andrey and Ilya remain the most true friends who sincerely love and respect each other.

Oblomov Ilya Ilyich - main character novel Oblomov. Landowner, nobleman living in St. Petersburg. Leads a lazy life. Doesn't do anything, just dreams and "decomposes" lying on the couch. Bright representative Oblomovism.

Stolz Andrei Ivanovich is a childhood friend of Oblomov. Half German, practical and active. The antipode of I. I. Oblomov.

Let's compare the heroes according to the following criteria:

Memories of childhood (including memories of parents).

I. I. Oblomov. From early childhood, everything was done for him: “The nanny is waiting for his awakening. She pulls on his stockings; he is not given, he is naughty, dangles his legs; the nanny catches him." “.. She washes him, combs his head and leads him to his mother. Since childhood, he also bathed in parental affection and care: “Mother showered him with passionate kisses ...” Nanny everywhere, for days on end, like a shadow followed him, constant guardianship did not end for a second: “... all the days and nights of the nanny were filled with turmoil, running around: either by trying, or by living joy for the child, or by fear that he will fall and hurt his nose ... ”.

Stolz. His childhood passes in a useful but tedious study: “From the age of eight, he sat with his father at geographical map... and with his mother he read sacred history, taught Krylov's fables ... "The mother was constantly worried about her son:" ... she would keep him near her. But his father was completely indifferent and cold-blooded to his son, and often "put his hand": "... and kicked him from behind so that he knocked him down."

Attitude towards study and work.

Oblomov. He went to school without much interest and desire, hardly sat in the classroom, to overcome any book for Oblomov was a great success and joy. “Why all these notebooks ... of paper, time and ink? Why study books? ... When to live? Instantly cold to one or another kind of activity, be it study, books, hobbies. The same attitude was to work: “... you study, you read that the time of disaster is about to come, an unhappy person; here you gather your strength, work, homogenize, endure terribly and work, everything is preparing clear days.

Stolz. He studied and worked from childhood - the main concern and task of his father. Teaching and books fascinated Stoltz throughout his life. Labor is the essence of human existence. "He served, retired, went about his business and actually made a home and money."

Attitude to mental activity.

Oblomov. Despite the lack of love for study and work, Oblomov was far from being a stupid person. Some thoughts, pictures were constantly spinning in his naked, he constantly made plans, but for completely incomprehensible reasons, all this was put off in a debt box. “When he gets out of bed in the morning, after tea he immediately lies on the sofa, props his head with his hand and thinks it over, sparing no effort, until, finally, his head gets tired ..”

Stolz. Realist to the core. A skeptic in life and in thought. “He was afraid of any dream, or, if he entered her area, then he entered, as they enter a grotto with an inscription ... knowing the hour or minute when you leave from there.”

Choice of life goals and ways to achieve them. (Including lifestyle.)

Oblomov. Life is monotonous, devoid of colors, every day is similar to the previous one. His problems and worries are breathtakingly funny and ridiculous, even funnier he solves them by turning from side to side. The author justifies Oblomov with all his might, saying that he has a lot of ideas and goals in his head, but none of them materialize.

Stolz. Skepticism and realism are everywhere. “He walked firmly, cheerfully; lived on a budget, trying to spend every day, like every ruble. “And he himself went stubbornly along the chosen path.”