Biography of Nikolai Andreevich Roman. H

Nikolai Andreevich was born on March 18, 1844, not far from St. Petersburg in a town called Tikhvin.

Andrei Petrovich, father of Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov, was for some time governor of Novgorod, and after some time became governor of Volyn. Sofya Vasilievna, Nikolai Andreevich's mother, was a housewife.

But much to my surprise, the future of the composer was influenced not at all by his parents, but by his brother, whose name was Voin Andreevich.

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In early childhood, Nikolai Andreevich liked music less than books, but as soon as the composer was 11 years old, he began to compose his first musical works.

When Nikolai Andreevich turns 18, his father dies, as a result of which the Rimsky-Korsakov family moves to St. Petersburg.

After a short stay in St. Petersburg, Nikolai Andreevich met Mily Alekseevich Balakirev, who would later influence his final opinion and outlook on life.

The first composition of Nikolai Andreevich, called the First Symphony, began to be created in the same way with the presence of Balakirev in the life of Nikolai Andreevich.

After the release of the first part, Nikolai Andreevich enters the service and for 3 years of service only the second part of the First Symphony appears.

Upon returning from the service, Nikolai returns to Balakirev's circle, thanks to which he remains under the influence of folk music, which influenced the creation of his work. Next, the composer creates a musical composition called Sadko.

Further, he helps other composers in the creation of their work. In 1872, Nikolai Andreevich marries. In the early 1870s, Nikolai became a professor, and in the mid-70s he began to improve his knowledge himself. But in the 90s, the composer noticed a serious decline in his creative activity.

Short biography of Rimsky-Korsakovo

The great composer was born into a noble family in 1844. Since childhood, he had an excellent musical memory, absolute pitch and an accurate sense of rhythm.

At the age of 12, he entered the cadet corps in St. Petersburg, since from childhood he dreamed of becoming a sailor. However, there he suffered from the system of military training, and the only consolation for him was a visit to the opera.

At the age of 17, Nikolai became a member of the "Mighty Handful" of the community of young composers.

With the first opera "Pskovityanka" fame came to him. He becomes a teacher of instrumentation at the conservatory in St. Petersburg. Rimsky-Korsakov develops an orchestration course, inspects military brass bands, teaches at the conservatory, directs concerts at a free music school and, at the same time, creates operas, symphonies, chamber and church music.

Since 1894, new operas by Rimsky-Korsakov have been released almost every year: The Night Before Christmas, Mozart and Salieri.

In 1905, Nikolai Andreevich supported the demands of students to temporarily stop classes and expel them from educational institution soldiers who participated in the massacre of the population in January 1905.

For this, he was fired from the conservatory, police supervision was established for him, his compositions were banned for execution. A few months later he was nevertheless asked to return, but the unrest aggravated a long-standing heart disease. In 1908, Nikolai Andreevich died.

Composer Rimsky-Korsakov opened to the audience wonderful world fairy tales. His compositions are the property of Russian culture.

Biography of Rimsky-Korsakov

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov is the most famous composer, whose operas still do not leave the stages of the first theaters in Europe and the world. The recognizable style of Rimsky-Korsakov is simplicity and calm inner grandeur; and his spiritual works won the public no less love than secular music.

Nikolai Andreevich was born in 1844 to the family of a civil servant who held high positions in the Novgorod province entrusted to him.

The mother of the future composer was the daughter of a landowner and a peasant serf; but neither the employment of the father, nor the low origin of the mother had a negative effect on the situation in the family. Nikolai Andreevich grew up surrounded by the love and care of deeply religious people.

The teachers invited to the house taught the boy reading and writing and music, and although the latter entered Rimsky-Korsakov's circle of interests quite early, he gave preference to church and folk music.

The move of the future composer to St. Petersburg was associated with the death of his father. The young man was eighteen; he quickly entered the artistic - primarily musical - circles of the capital of that time.

The main event of this period, of course, was Rimsky-Korsakov's meeting with Mily Alekseevich Balakirev, the composer in whose circle Nikolai Andreevich's musical and general aesthetic tastes were formed.

Balakirev provided his students - among whom was Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky - all kinds of support, helped them find their own strengths and determine your path in the music world.

Under the influence, probably, of the experience and authority of his older brother, Voin, Nikolai Andreevich, after graduating from the Naval Academy in St. Petersburg, went to the naval service. Under the conditions of such a journey, there was no time for writing; but Rimsky-Korsakov captured the experience of visiting other countries and the greatness of the sea expanses later in his Seascapes.

Returning to the capital, Nikolai Andreevich again converges with Balakirev's circle, to which many young composers managed to join, among them Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Alexander Sergeevich Dargomyzhsky. Rimsky-Korsakov resumes work on the symphony he left behind due to his service. This symphony was completed and performed in 1865.

For the next two years, the composer has been working on the opera Sadko. It expressed the tendencies, motives and musical views of Rimsky-Korsakov, which later became decisive for all of his creative way. In the future, the composer turned to fairy-tale material more than once in search of inspiration.

Rimsky-Korsakov's active pedagogical activity was connected with the 1870-80s - he served as director of several important St. Petersburg music schools and academies.

After a short break in his creative work for the sake of studying philosophy in the 1890s, the composer returned to vigorous activity - at the turn of the century, operas (“Mozart and Salieri”, “The Night Before Christmas”, etc.) and individual symphonic works were created.

Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov died in his country estate near St. Petersburg in 1908. Now this estate has been reconstructed and united with the composer's neighboring properties into a memorial museum complex.

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Brief biography of Rimsky-Korsakov

It is in demand not only by students of music schools, but in general by everyone who is interested in art. We invite you to briefly get acquainted with the life of an outstanding maestro, and learn the main points from his work.

Brief biographies of topics and interesting ones that convey the main essence in a few words.

Biography of Rimsky-Korsakov

Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov (1844-1908) was an outstanding Russian composer, teacher and conductor. Having lived only 64 years, he managed to do a lot for art, going down in history as a talented master of his craft.

Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov

Rimsky-Korsakov was born on March 18, 1844 in the city of Tikhvin, Novgorod province. Despite the penchant for music, which Nikolai Andreevich manifested himself with early childhood However, he went into the military. A strong influence in this matter was exerted on him by his older brother, an officer and a future rear admiral.

Starting his studies at the age of 6, he became interested in church music and folk songs, and at 11 wrote the first work.

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In 1862, after the death of his father, the Rimsky-Korsakov family moved to St. Petersburg. It was there that Nikolai Andreevich met the outstanding composer and teacher M. A. Balakirev. Having joined his circle, which later became known as the "Mighty Handful", Rimsky-Korsakov finally formed his aesthetic views.

A short biography does not allow us to tell about all the features military service future composer. Let's just say that from 1862 to 1865 Rimsky-Korsakov served on the Almaz clipper (ship). Three years of travel allowed him to see many countries, but there was practically no time to study music.

The beginning of Rimsky-Korsakov's work

Three years later, returning to St. Petersburg, Nikolai Andreevich again establishes contacts with Balakirev's circle. It was then that he met A.P. Borodin, L.I. Shestakova (Glinka's sister) and P.I. Tchaikovsky.

Influenced by Balakirev, Rimsky-Korsakov continues to work on his First Symphony. At the same time, “Overture on Russian Themes” (1866), “Serbian Fantasy” (1867), the symphonic picture “Sadko” (1896), the Second Symphony (“Antar”, 1868) and a number of bright poetic romances. In total, he wrote 79 romances.

Given the biography of Rimsky-Korsakov, who was from a naval family, a love for the sea was transmitted to him at the genetic level. Before him, no one even tried to depict the sea element in musical colors.

With the help of unusual techniques, he managed to masterfully betray the features of the sea and everything connected with it. Later, other famous composers began to adopt these ideas.

An interesting fact is that Rimsky-Korsakov had the so-called color hearing. That is, he saw every tone in certain color. This unique feature is called synesthesia. Thus, he correlated E major with the color blue. Therefore, all his "marine" works were written in E major by him.

Success and recognition

The success of the works was so obvious that already in 1871 Rimsky-Korsakov received an invitation to the post of professor of practical composition, instrumentation and orchestration at the St. Petersburg Conservatory.

It should be noted here that it was not so easy to get a professorial appointment without an appropriate education. However, the unusual biography and outstanding abilities of the future classic were not questioned by anyone. Interestingly, today this conservatory bears his name.

Composer in 1897

Two years later, the musician became the inspector of the brass bands of the Naval Department, and in 1874 - the director of the Free music school. In the same year, Rimsky-Korsakov began to actively conduct symphony concerts, and then opera performances.

In the biography of Rimsky-Korsakov, one can clearly see how easily he was taken for one or another type of activity.

Interestingly, he was nicknamed the "storyteller" for his love of the fantastic world of fairy tales. It was he who came up with the symmetrical scale, which would later be called the “Rimsky-Korsakov scale”.

The maestro's first opera was The Maid of Pskov, written in 1872. Seven years later, he creates May Night based on the story by N.V. Gogol. Then, in 1881, the most inspired opera The Snow Maiden appeared, written for the fairy tale by A.N. Ostrovsky.

An interesting fact in the biography of Rimsky-Korsakov is that in the early 1890s he began to experience some creative decline. However, then, on the contrary, the stunning operas The Night Before Christmas (1895), Sadko (1896), Mozart and Salieri (1897), the prologue to the opera The Maid of Pskov and The Tsar's Bride (based on the drama Lev Mey, 1898).

Rimsky-Korsakov family

In 1872, Nikolai Andreevich married Nadezhda Nikolaevna Purgold. She was also a pianist, musicologist and composer.

They had seven children, two of whom died in childhood. No wonder that all the children received a good musical education. After all, both father and mother were outstanding figures in this field.

Contemporaries emphasized that Rimsky-Korsakov was a very caring father and paid much attention to his children. He not only constantly studied music with them, but also brought them up in the intelligent traditions of that time.

You can read more about his biography in the book of the ZhZL series by the author I.F. Kunin.

last years of life

In 1905-1907. V Russian Empire revolutionary events began. Rimsky-Korsakov took the side of the protesting students who condemned the actions of the administration of the St. Petersburg Conservatory. As a sign of solidarity, he quit altogether, but then, when the leadership of the conservatory was changed, he returned to his post.

Another interesting fact from the biography. For some time, it was forbidden to officially perform his works. However, despite this, concerts of works by Rimsky-Korsakov were regularly held throughout the country, and crowds of the public came to listen to extraordinary music. As a sign of support for Nikolai Andreevich, the audience got up every time.

The composer's followers were about 200 outstanding musicians, including such figures as Prokofiev, Stravinsky, Gnesin, Taneyev and others.

Having written the opera The Golden Cockerel, Rimsky-Korsakov openly ridiculed the image of the tsar. This work was immediately banned. Upon learning of this, the already middle-aged musician experienced a heart attack, which was the reason for his imminent death.

Nikolai Andreevich died on June 21, 1908 in the village of Lyubensk. The composer had a country estate there. Now it is a museum named after him.

Buried in Saint Petersburg Novodevichy cemetery. In 1930, his ashes were transferred to the Necropolis of Masters of Arts of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

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Brief biography of Rimsky Korsakov

Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov is a world-famous Russian composer and conductor. Date of birth - March 18, 1844, date of death - June 21, 1908.

For all my life this great person wrote 15 operas that amaze with their magnificence. The most famous of them: "Snegurochka" and, of course, "May Night".

Rimsky-Korsakov was trained in the famous Naval Cadet Corps. Later, the composer went on a three-year voyage, where he felt a craving for beauty. Rimsky-Korsakov's first own symphony was performed at an ordinary free music school, where it received great success.

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In addition to the fact that this great man achieved incredible success in the musical field, he was also a public figure.

During the period of his great life, Rimsky-Korsakov changed several careers. For example, he was a teacher at the St. Petersburg Conservatory, worked as a director in an ordinary free music school, and also conducted in Moscow and Paris.

During his entire teaching period, Korsakov brought up more than two hundred famous composers, as well as other musical figures. This, of course, influenced the further development of Russian classical music.

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Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov: biography, interesting facts, creativity

The most popular of all Russian composers, the founder of a composer school that is still in demand today, a professor at the conservatory without a conservatory education, a patriot of the native culture of his country - Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov.

In the age of technological progress and grandiose state transformations, at the turn of epochs, his inspiration drew its strength not from industrial civilization or human passions, but from Russian nature, the tunes of his native land, simple plots of epics, legends and fairy tales known since childhood.

His creative heritage is truly priceless, because even after a hundred years it continues to delight listeners not only in our country, but also abroad.

Read a brief biography of Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov and many interesting facts about the composer on our page.

Brief biography of Rimsky-Korsakov

The city of Tikhvin is known outside the Leningrad region, perhaps, for two events: in the 14th century, the icon of the Tikhvin Mother of God appeared here, and on March 18, 1844, a son was born in the family of 60-year-old retired official Andrei Petrovich Rimsky-Korsakov and his 41-year-old wife Sofia who was named Nicholas.

The boy began to study music from early childhood, but he dreamed not about her, but about the sea: his elder brother was a naval officer, and Nike, as he was called at home, wanted to be like him. Therefore, at the age of 12, he enters the capital's Naval Cadet Corps. In St. Petersburg, the young man meets M.A. Balakirev and becomes a member of his composer's circle "The Mighty Handful", along with Ts.A. Cui, A.P.

Borodin and M.P. Mussorgsky. But he was barely 17!

In 1862 midshipman Rimsky-Korsakov began to serve in the navy. Having circumnavigated several continents on a ship in three years, he continues to serve on the coast and at the same time is engaged in composing music - his true vocation.

According to the biography of Rimsky-Korsakov, in 1871 the self-taught composer was invited to teach at the St. Petersburg Conservatory. He agrees, recognizing that, despite sufficient practical experience, he does not have the proper theoretical background.

And sits down at a desk along with his students to study academic foundations music. In 1872, Nikolai Andreevich marries the pianist Nadezhda Nikolaevna Purgold. The marriage produced 7 children.

The composer's social activities are becoming more and more intense: he directs the Free Music School, at one of the concerts of which he stands at the conductor's stand, has been working in the Court Singing Chapel for 12 years, and heads Belyaev's circle.

The events of 1905 also found a response in conservatory circles: the students demanded the resignation of the leadership of the conservatory, the leading teaching staff, including Rimsky-Korsakov, left the educational institution. Only by the end of the year, when a student of the composer A.K.

Glazunov, he returned to his native walls.

Already at the end of his life, Rimsky-Korsakov received international recognition, having performed as a composer and conductor at the Russian Historical Concerts at the Paris Grand Opera. The concerts were organized by his student, S.P. Diaghilev.

As a professor of composition, he became the mentor of many prominent musicians, including I.F. Stravinsky and S.S. Prokofiev. In the spring of 1908, Nikolai Andreevich's heart disease worsened sharply. Yet he never left work for a day.

He met last summer in his own estate in the Pskov region. On June 8, 1908, the composer died.

Interesting facts about Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov

During Nikolai's training at the Naval Cadet Corps, Voin Andreevich, his brother, was appointed director of the educational institution.

Rimsky-Korsakov could write music without an instrument. Thus, most of the opera "Servilia" was written during the composer's trip abroad with his wife, when the piano was not available to him.
The Mighty Handful disbanded by 1874. Moreover, the paths of its members diverged both creatively and personally: Rimsky-Korsakov ceased to communicate closely with Mussorgsky, and relations with Cui and Balakirev cooled to the point of complete hostility.
In 1898, the Rimsky-Korsakov couple was invited to L.N. Tolstoy. A fierce dispute arose between the writer and the composer about art. Tolstoy argued that all music is harmful and shameful, and Nikolai Andreevich opposed him no less harshly.
Rimsky-Korsakov - 26th in terms of frequency of execution opera composer in the world. During the last season, productions of his operas were shown over 650 times. The most executable work- "The Tsar's Bride", she is one of the hundred most popular operas in the world.
St. Petersburg Conservatory, where N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov, now bears his name.

The production of The Tsar's Bride actually saved the Moscow Private Opera from complete ruin and collapse. S.I. Mamontov at that time was under arrest and was declared bankrupt.
In 1910, as part of the Russian Seasons, Mikhail Fokin staged the ballet Scheherazade to the music of the Rimsky-Korsakov suite at the Paris Grand Opera. In 1993, the ballet was resumed in Russia, since 1994 - in the repertoire Mariinsky Theater.
With great love and absolute satisfaction, the composer treated only two of his operas - The Snow Maiden and The Tsar's Bride.
Two of Rimsky-Korsakov's most prominent students, Stravinsky and Prokofiev, spoke ambiguously about his studies. Igor Fedorovich humanly loved his teacher, but did not find depth in his music and did not share his atheistic convictions. Sergey Sergeevich considered classes with the master superficial, he lacked mutual communication. That is why Prokofiev did not call himself a student of Rimsky-Korsakov. At the same time, the music of "Tales ..." and "Snow Maiden" shocked and creatively inspired the young composer.

The Mariinsky Theater honors historical ties with the works of Rimsky-Korsakov: its current repertoire includes 8 operas by the composer and the ballet Scheherazade.
Of the 10 representatives of the sixth generation of the composer's descendants, only two - Andrei Vladimirovich and Alexander Vladimirovich bear his last name. They are the great-great-grandchildren of Vladimir Nikolaevich, his third son. Among the great-great-grandchildren of N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov - Olga Favorskaya, singer and composer.

The work of Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov

One of the most bright features ON THE. Rimsky-Korsakov was incredible ability to the perception of experience. It is generally accepted that at the heart of his work - folk culture. This is true, but are not Balakirev's ideas heard in his First Symphony, in early work- the influence of Liszt and Schubert? Isn't "The Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh" called the Russian "Parsifal"?

In the modern view, Rimsky-Korsakov is primarily the author of many popular operas. But from the moment of the formation of the "Mighty Handful" and until the end of the 80s of the 19th century, contemporaries saw him primarily as a symphonist. This is true from the point of view that after the 80s the composer completely focused on the operatic genre. And before that, he created several major symphonic works.

He wrote the first symphony (1862-1865) before all his fellow Kuchkists. It became the second of the symphonies written by Russian composers. But, in the words of C. Cui, the first truly Russian. It traces harmony national music, and one of its parts is written on the theme of a folk song. In the following symphonic works, the composer continued to develop Slavic melodies.

In 1867, Rimsky-Korsakov first turned to the plot of the ancient Russian epic "Sadko" - a symphonic picture of the same name was written. After that, work began on the Second Symphony.

The plot was a fairy tale - another creative symbol of the composer. Years later, he will rename his offspring into a symphonic suite " Antar».

In the early 1870s, the Third Symphony was written, which turned out to be not very successful, and in the mid-80s it was completely revised.

In 1873, the premiere of the composer's first opera took place - " Pskovityanka". However, he was not completely satisfied with the result of his work and returned to it for almost another 20 years, rewriting individual fragments. And in 1897 he created The Boyar Vera Sheloga, the prologue to The Maid of Pskov. It is noteworthy that the composer writes the libretto of this and many subsequent operas on his own.

« May night”, published in 1880, opens new round in the work of Rimsky-Korsakov. His conservatory studies were not in vain - he mastered counterpoint, began to better understand the principles of orchestration, expanded his knowledge in the field folk songs. Almost immediately after "May Night" appears " Snow Maiden” - an opera based on the fairy tale of the same name by A.N. Ostrovsky.

Nikolai Andreevich personally agreed with the playwright on the use of his plot for the libretto. The opera was written in the summer in the village of Stelevo. The composer was inspired by nature, and simple life, and the environment. This is probably why The Snow Maiden was written in just 2.5 months. Already on February 10, 1881, its premiere took place at the Mariinsky Theater, rather unsuccessful, although warmly received by A.N.

Ostrovsky.

The next decade passed in the work on symphonic works, the most famous of them were " Spanish capriccio" And " Scheherazade”, and also over the latest operas of his friends: “Khovanshchina” by M.P. Mussorgsky and "Prince Igor" by A.P.

Borodin, which remained unfinished after their death. He dedicates the Sunday Overture for Orchestra, written in 1888, to Mussorgsky and Borodin. The composer is also reworking his early works.

Only 8 years after The Snow Maiden, his name reappears on the premiere posters: the opera-ballet " Mlada».

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At the turn of the century, Rimsky-Korsakov created most of his operas. In 1895 he published " Christmas Eve". Gogol's plot was used two decades earlier by P.I. Tchaikovsky in the opera The Blacksmith Vakula (after revision - Cherevichki), at the same time Rimsky-Korsakov became interested in him.

Nikolai Andreevich considered the work of his colleague to be weak, but during Tchaikovsky's lifetime he did not dare to take on this story, so as not to provoke a conflict situation. After the sudden death of Pyotr Ilyich, he immediately set to work.

Contemporaries compared The Night Before Christmas with his previous operas and, alas, not in favor of the latter.

Despite the failure, the composer takes the epic story already familiar to him - "Sadko". The creation of the libretto this time was entrusted to V.I. Belsky, with whom they worked on the previous opera. This creative duet will continue in the future.

"Sadko" was written with inspiration, it was started in Vechasha - an estate in the Pskov region, which the Rimsky-Korsakovs rented for the summer. The beauty of these places exclusively disposed to creativity. In the autumn of 1896 the opera was completed and published.

But the Mariinsky Theater refused to stage it - such was the decision of Emperor Nicholas II himself. However, the composer met a major industrialist and philanthropist S.I. Mamontov, who had his own opera in Moscow.

Mamontov turned out to be an admirer of his art and staged Sadko in early 1898. The premiere was a great success. The performance was designed by K.A. Korovin, and F.I. Chaliapin.

Having found support in the person of Mamontov, Rimsky-Korsakov creates a one-act opera " Mozart and Salieri”on the Pushkin story and proceeds to implement his long-standing idea -“ royal bride

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov short biography

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov short biography for children and adults is described in this article.

Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov- Russian composer, teacher, conductor. Among his works are 15 operas, 3 symphonies, symphonic works, instrumental concertos, cantatas, chamber-instrumental, vocal and sacred music.

Was born March 18 (March 6, old style), 1844 in the city of Tikhvin, Novgorod province. The composer's father came from an old noble family.

From the age of six or seven, the boy learned to play the piano; by the age of nine, his first attempts at composing belong.

In 1862 he graduated from the St. Petersburg Naval School.

Acquaintance in 1861 with the composer Mily Balakirev and his circle "The Mighty Handful" inclined him to more serious studies.

Communication between Rimsky-Korsakov and the Balakirev circle was interrupted for a while by a two-year circumnavigation of the world, which served as a source of various impressions reflected in his work. The most significant works of this period are the symphonic picture "Sadko" (1867) and the opera "The Maid of Pskov" (based on the drama of the same name by L. Mey, 1872).

In 1871, Rimsky-Korsakov was invited to become a professor at the St. Petersburg Conservatory and held this position for nearly four decades.

In 1874-1881 Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov was director of the Free Music School and conductor of its concerts.

In 1883-1894 he served as assistant manager of the court singing chapel.

In 1905, Rimsky-Korsakov was dismissed from the conservatory for speaking out in defense of the rights of students, which led to the resignation in protest of a significant part of the teaching staff. In December 1905, after granting autonomy to the conservatory, he returned to the conservatory at the invitation of the artistic council.

Versatile musical, conducting and pedagogical activity Rimsky-Korsakov combined with the composer's fruitful work.

He created 15 operas, among them - "Pskovite" (1872), "May Night" (1879), "Snow Maiden" (1881), "Sadko" (1896), "The Tsar's Bride" (1898), "The Tale of Tsar Saltan" (1900 ), "Kashchei the Immortal" (1902), "The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh ..." (1904), "The Golden Cockerel" (1907). A number of fragments from these operas became hits - "The Song of the Indian Guest" from "Sadko" or the orchestral "Flight of the Bumblebee" from "Saltan".

Rimsky-Korsakov devoted 37 years of his life to teaching. I. Stravinsky, A. Arensky, A. Glazunov, S. Prokofiev and others were educated by him.

By creating own works, the composer also conveyed to the listener more than one work of his dead comrades.

Nikolai Andreevich passed away June 21, 1908 from a heart attack that followed a heart attack.

Brief biography of Rimsky-Korsakov for students in grades 1-11. Briefly and only the most important

Brief biography of Rimsky-Korsakov

Rimsky-Korsakov Nikolai Andreevich - a famous Russian composer and conductor, music critic; public figure of the second half of the 19th century; member of the Balakirev circle "The Mighty Handful". Born March 18, 1844 in Tikhvin (Leningrad region), in an old noble family. Rimsky-Korsakov's great-great-grandfather served as Rear Admiral of the Fleet under Elizabeth I.

Nicholas showed his ability to music very early. At the age of 6-7 he learned to play the piano, and at the age of 9 he was already making his first attempts to compose something of his own. He liked church music and Russian folk tunes.

In 1862, having completed his studies at the St. Petersburg Naval School, he went on a three-year voyage around the world. Both in travel and during his studies, he continued to study music. In 1873 he was appointed inspector of military bands.

He held this post for over 10 years.

Upon his return from a long voyage, he presented M. A. Balakirev with his first symphony, which was a great success. He began to take music even more seriously after he joined the Mighty Bunch circle.

He wrote new symphonies, entire operas, works for orchestra, etc. Rimsky-Korsakov's outstanding works include the operas Sadko, Maid of Pskov, The Snow Maiden, and the orchestral work Serbian Fantasy.

Since 1871 he was a teacher of instrumentation classes, and three years later he was appointed director of a music school.

This outstanding composer performed as a conductor in Moscow, Paris, Brussels, Odessa. His energy and enthusiasm could only be envied. His operas have appeared on the stage of the Mariinsky Theater and the Moscow Private Opera. Many of his students became famous.

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Among them are Lyadov, Sacchetti, Bernhardt, A. K. Glazunov. In 1905, Nikolai Andreevich was removed from his duties at the conservatory due to support for the rights of students. However, in December of the same year, he was invited back.

Died great composer in June 1908 in the Lyubensk estate.

A year later, his autobiography, The Chronicle of My musical life". Rimsky-Korsakov was married to the pianist N. Purgold, with whom they had seven children (two died in infancy). Two of his sons followed in their father's footsteps and chose music as their calling. One was a famous musicologist, and the other a violinist and violist.

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Brief biography of Rimsky-Korsakov

Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov, a famous composer, as well as a conductor, teacher, was born on March 18, 1844 in the city of Tikhvin, Novgorod province.

He showed himself as a talented musician early, however, not listening to his own instinctive searches, he decided to start military career naval officer.

In 1856, he even entered the Naval Corps in St. Petersburg, but he did not put his passion for music far into the box, but continued, if possible, to develop his talents.

In 1861 he met M. Balakirev, which played an important role in the formation of the future famous composer. The start of a musical career was still far away. In 1862, continuing his chosen occupation, he went on a sea voyage for three years on a small clipper ship Almaz.

Rimsky-Korsakov returned to St. Petersburg only in 1865 and began his music lessons, while not leaving the officer's activities. He was supported and taught in every possible way by the famous Balakirev.

In 1865, the first works of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov under the title "Overture on Russian Themes" were born, as well as his First Symphony (without a title). In 1867, "Serbian Fantasy" and the painting "Sadko" were published. In 1868, the second symphony "Antar" was created, a series of poetic romances.

In total, the famous composer wrote about 97 pieces of music.

In 1871, he began his career as a professor of instrumental performance in St. Petersburg, teaching free composition. Service in the Navy and officer activities finally remained in the past for the composer in 1873.

Rimsky-Korsakov did not leave empty-handed: he was given the title and position of inspector of military bands in the navy.

All the time that the fleet existed, until 1884, Rimsky-Korsakov successfully held the position given to him, which was in no way displayed on musical career or academic performance at a music university as a professor.

In 1872, the first and most important opera in the life of Rimsky-Korsakovo "To the Pskovites" was released.

In 1879, Rimsky-Korsakov created "May Night", which definitely helped determine the composer's course - he was interested in operas, and they represented him, characterized him in the best possible way, and displayed the fullness of his creative treasure.

In 1881, Rimsky-Korsakov created the opera The Snow Maiden, which was noted by critics as the most inspiring opera of all the works of the meter.

The Snow Maiden also became a new vector in the search for inspiration for Rimsky-Korsakovo - he turned to epic motifs, creating such works as Mlada, The Night Before Christmas, then Sadko, after which he was devoted to this topic to the end. The hobby was relocated to a new genre, and it was thanks to Rimsky-Korsakov that the fairy tale opera was born.

In addition to creative merits and a great contribution to the development of Russian music, Rimsky-Korsakov spared no effort or time to help young talents acquire knowledge, so a lot can also be said about his career as a teacher. Under his leadership, such famous composers, like A. Arensky, S. Prokofiev, I.

Stravinsky and others.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov died on June 21, 1908. He was buried in Lyubinsk near Lug (now Leningrad region).

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Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov is a Russian composer, teacher, theorist, conductor, member of the Mighty Handful musical creative community. Author of fifteen operas, three symphonies, a number of symphonic works, collections of "100 Russian Folk Songs" and "40 Folk Songs", as well as 80 romances.

Childhood and youth

Nikolai Andreevich was born in the city of Tikhvin, Novgorod province, into a family of hereditary nobles. The great-great-grandfather of the future composer served as Rear Admiral of the Fleet under Elizaveta Petrovna. Father Andrey Petrovich Rimsky-Korsakov held the title of State Councilor, served as Vice-Governor of Novgorod, and served as Governor of Volyn for four years.

Mother Sofya Vasilyevna belonged to the Skaryatin family of landowners, but was born from a serf peasant woman.

The house where Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov was born

The family brought up two sons - Warrior and Nikolai. The eldest son, Voin Andreevich, later became a naval rear admiral.

The age difference between the brothers was 22 years, so the younger brother was strongly influenced by the authority of the elder.

From an early age, Nikolai was prepared for service in the navy, but his father, who himself owns the piano, instilled a love for music in his youngest son from the age of six. Initially, Nikolai was fond of only church singing and Russian folklore. At the age of 9, the boy composed his first vocal work.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and his brother Warrior Rimsky-Korsakov

In 1856, the teenager was assigned to the Naval Cadet Corps.

Having moved to the northern capital, Rimsky-Korsakov plunged into cultural life cities and began to visit Opera theatre.

Nicholas met with musical works Gioacchino Rossini, Giacomo Meyerbeer, Mikhail Glinka, Ludwig van Beethoven, Amadeus Mozart and Felix Mendelssohn.

The young man began to take cello lessons from the teacher Ulich, then studied with the pianist Fyodor Kanille. In 1862, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov graduated from the naval school. In the same year, the young man suffered a heavy loss - the father of the future composer died. Mother and older brother moved to St. Petersburg.

Music

In 1861, Rimsky-Korsakov and Mily Balakirev, the founder of the Mighty Handful, met. Friendship with a talented musician influenced the development creative biography Nikolai Andreevich. Ts. A. Cui and M. P. Mussorgsky also became members of the circle. Later, A.P. Borodin joined the community. The ideologist of the "Mighty Handful" was the music critic V.V. Stasov.

Composers of the "Mighty Handful"

Mily Alekseevich inspired the young composer to create a major work - the First Symphony op. 1, sketches for which have already been created. By the end of his studies at the naval school, Nikolai completed three parts of the work and set off on a round-the-world voyage on the Almaz clipper ship. The slow part of the symphonic cycle was written six months after the departure.

Returning three years later to St. Petersburg, Nikolai Andreevich plunges into creativity. In the very first months, the premiere of the author's First Russian Symphony was performed by the orchestra conducted by Mily Balakirev at a concert of the Free Music School.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov in childhood and youth

Under the influence of his mentor, Rimsky-Korsakov delved into the study of folklore and created the symphonic picture Sadko, the musical material of which was later used in the opera of the same name. The composer's innovation manifested itself in the use of software, as well as in the invention of a symmetrical fret, which gave the music a fantastic sound.

Rimsky-Korsakov enjoyed experimenting with scale systems, since the composer himself was endowed with color hearing by nature. The composer perceived the key in C major in white, D major in yellow. E major became for Nikolai Andreevich a symbol of the sea element, being associated with shades of blue.

Later, the suite "Antar" (Second Symphony op. 9) appears from the musician's pen. The composer began to master the operatic genre by creating orchestrations of works by Alexander Dargomyzhsky and Caesar Cui.

The first opera by Rimsky-Korsakov appeared only in 1872 and was called The Maid of Pskov. The libretto was based on the drama of the same name by Lev Mey. The premiere of the opera took place a year later at the Mariinsky Theatre.

For 35 years teaching activities the composer brought up a galaxy of world-famous musicians, including Anton Arensky, Alexander Glazunov, Mikhail Gnesin, Alexander Grechaninov, Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov, Anatoly Lyadov, Nikolai Myaskovsky, Sergei Prokofiev, Igor Stravinsky.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov at work

Together with the students whom Nikolai Andreevich teaches composition, instrumentation and orchestration, the composer himself improves his professional skills.

note

The musician devotes the first years of teaching to writing polyphonic, vocal works, creates concertos for piano, clarinet, trombone, quintet and sextet for instrumental ensemble.

In 1874, Rimsky-Korsakov took up the conductor's stand. Six years later, the talented musician was already performing with an orchestra in Moscow, at world exhibition” in Paris, at the “Concerts populaires” in Brussels. In the mid-70s, the composer was preparing to release the scores of Mikhail Glinka's operas.

In the 80s, symphonic works by Rimsky-Korsakov appeared, which earned the composer world fame: the orchestral suite "Scheherazade", "Spanish Capriccio", the overture " Holy holiday”, as well as the operas “May Night”, “Snow Maiden”, “Mlada”.

During these years, Nikolai Andreevich collaborated with the Court Singing Chapel, led the Belyaevsky circle, managed the Russian Symphony concerts" in St. Petersburg.

Portrait of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

The beginning of the 90s was marked by a decline in the composer's creative activity.

At this time, the philosophical and theoretical works of the master appear, Nikolai Andreevich creates new editions of a number of previous works.

In the mid-1990s, it began new stage Opera works of Rimsky-Korsakov: the operas The Night Before Christmas (1895), Sadko (1896), Mozart and Salieri (1897), The Tsar's Bride (1898) appear.

The theme of the interlude for the opera The Tale of Tsar Saltan (1900), which was called The Flight of the Bumblebee, gained popularity.

The number was repeatedly rearranged for solo performance by strings folk instruments, as well as editions for piano and guitar. In the 20th century, arrangements of the work appeared in the style of jazz, rock, heavy metal.

With the beginning of the revolutionary movement in Russia in 1905, Rimsky-Korsakov came out in support of the striking students of the university, as a result of which he was fired from the conservatory, where he returned after a while.

Personal life

The personal life of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov developed successfully. Being entered into the house of a senior colleague A.S.

Dargomyzhsky, on one of creative evenings Nikolai drew attention to the pianist Nadezhda Nikolaevna Purgold. At that moment, the young musician was just starting work on the opera The Maid of Pskov.

Nikolai Andreevich needed an assistant to orchestrate several opera numbers, and he turned to Nadezhda Nikolaevna.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov with his family

Joint creativity influenced the relationship of young people, in 1872 a wedding took place. A year later, the first-born, Mikhail, was born in the family, who later became a zoologist and forester. In 1875, his wife gave Nikolai Andreevich a daughter, Sophia, a future opera singer.

Three years later, son Andrei was born, who later mastered the profession of a musicologist, became a doctor of philosophical sciences. Vladimir, the youngest son of Rimsky-Korsakov, born in 1882, worked as a violist in the orchestra of the Mariinsky Theater. In 1884, the youngest daughter Nadezhda was born.

The Rimsky-Korsakovs had two more children, Svyatoslav and Maria, who died in infancy.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

The wife survived Nikolai Andreevich by 11 years and died of smallpox.

An apartment on Zagorodny Prospekt in St. Petersburg, where the Rimsky-Korsakovs lived in last years, after the revolution was populated by visitors.

Only in 1971 the museum of the composer was located there, where the atmosphere of the times of the life of Nikolai Andreevich was restored. The apartment contains manuscripts of famous operas and photos from family archive musician.

Death

The composer died on June 8, 1908 according to Art. from a heart attack, which he received after the news that the Golden Cockerel opera was banned from staging.

At this time, Nikolai Andreevich was in a country estate in Lubensk.

Funeral of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

The musician's grave was originally located in St. Petersburg at the Novodevichy Cemetery, then the remains were reburied in the Necropolis of the Masters of Arts of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Artworks

1865 - First Symphony
1872 - "Pskovite"
1878 - "May night"
1881 - "Snow Maiden"
1883 - Concerto for piano and orchestra
1887 - "Spanish Capriccio"
1888 - suite "Scheherazade"
1895 - "The Night Before Christmas"
1896 - "Sadko"
1897 - "Mozart and Salieri"
1898 - "The Tsar's Bride"
1900 - "The Tale of Tsar Saltan"
1907 - "The Golden Cockerel"

Photo

Rimsky-Korsakov biography, summary

Rimsky-Korsakov biography, summary. Russian composer, music teacher and conductor.

Rimsky-Korsakov (Nikolai Andreevich) born into a noble family and received a musical education as part of his upbringing. When he was 12 years old, he became a cadet of the naval corps, and in 1862, being a naval officer, he went on a trip around the world.

Already in 1861 he met the composer Mily Balakirev, who only reinforced his growing love for music and convinced him to take music more seriously.

In 1865 Balakirev led the premiere of Rimsky-Korsakov's "Symphony No. 1". The success of the symphony-poem Sadko and his first opera The Maid of Pskov led Rimsky-Korsakov to leave the Navy. He became an inspector of the Russian naval chapel (until 1884).

Download the best Russian songs in the car on the roadAdvice

In 1871 he was asked to become professor of orchestration and instrumentation at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory. He himself did not think that he was suitable for this due to lack of professional training.

His friends in the "mighty bunch" persuaded him to accept the appointment. He later indicated that he needed to study hard to get ahead of his students. He taught many Russian composers, including:

Anatoly Lyadov,
Anton Arensky,
Alexandra Glazoenova,
Nikolay Myaskovsky,
his son-in-law Maximilian Steinberg,
Igor Stravinsky
and Sergei Prokofiev.

He also taught Ottorino Respighi during his stay in St. Petersburg, he had a great influence on the Flemish composers Paul Gilson and August De Beek, who were in regular contact with him.

From 1874 to 1881 Rimsky-Korsakov was the director and conductor of the music school,

from 1883 to 1894- Deputy Director of the Hofzangerskapelle and from 1886 to 1900 - conductor of Russian symphony concerts organized by the music publisher and philanthropist Mitrofan Petrovich Belyaev in St. Petersburg.

Dean Markley guitar strings

He also performed successfully as a conductor abroad. He was a member of the "Russian Five", founded by Balakirev and consisting of five composers (including Borodin, Mussorgsky and Tsui), who, under the influence of the ideas of Vladimir Stasov, supported Russian national music.

He freed himself for his friends. Thus, he completed the works of Alexander Dargomyzsky (Stone Guest), Borodin (Prince Igor) and Mussorgsky (Boris Godunov, Chovanshchina, Night on Bald Mountain).

In the years 1874-1880 he realized that he lacked knowledge, since he devoted so much time to the development of Russian music. Through self-study and stimulating contacts with Tchaikovsky, he managed to raise his level to a professional level.

This led, among other things, to a major revision of his first symphony, dated 1865, in 1884 y.

He had to interrupt his work at the conservatory after the revolution 1905 because of his sympathies for the revolutionary student movement, but in 1907 he was allowed to return and continue working.

Metallica "One" - on one string!

At the end of his life, Rimsky-Korsakov suffered from angina pectoris. He died in Lebensk in 1908 year and was buried in the cemetery in Tikhvin, the Alexander Nevsky Lavra in St. Petersburg.

His grandson Georg Mikhailovich Rimsky-Korsakov was also a composer.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov Born in the city of Tikhvin, Novgorod province. The Rimsky-Korsakov family home was located on the banks of the Tikhvinka River, opposite the Assumption Monastery of the Theotokos. Composer's father, Andrey Petrovich Rimsky-Korsakov(1784-1862), served for some time as Novgorod vice-governor, and then as Volyn civil governor; mother, Sofya Vasilievna, was the daughter of a serf peasant woman and a wealthy landowner Skaryatin. The future composer was strongly influenced by his older brother, Voin Andreevich, a naval officer and future Rear Admiral.

At the age of 6 it began home schooling, including playing the piano, however, in comparison with books, music made a lesser impression on the child: from the latter, he liked church music more, as well as Russian folk songs. At the age of 11, he began composing his first pieces of music.

In 1856, his father gave Nikolai, who dreamed of traveling, to the Naval Cadet Corps. In 1858, the future composer had a real passion for music: he got acquainted with the operas of Rossini, Donizetti and von Weber, but he was especially struck by Giacomo Meyerbeer's Robert the Devil and the works of Mikhail Glinka - A Life for the Tsar, Ruslan and Lyudmila, "Capriccio on the Aragonese Jota". Then there was an interest in the music of Beethoven (he admired the composer's "Pastoral Symphony"), Mozart and Mendelssohn. "I was 16 summer child who passionately loved music and played it, ”he later recalled. Feeling the need to get a more serious musical education, in the autumn of 1859, Nikolai began taking lessons from the pianist Fyodor Andreevich Kanille.

In 1862, his father died, and the Rimsky-Korsakov family moved to St. Petersburg. In the same year, thanks to Fyodor Kanilla, Nikolai met the composer Mily Balakirev and became a member of his circle, which had a decisive influence on the formation of his personality and aesthetic views. At that time, the Balakirev circle, which later became known as the "Mighty Handful", in addition to its head Balakirev and Rimsky-Korsakov himself, included Caesar Cui and Modest Mussorgsky. Balakirev supervised the work of younger colleagues and not only prompted the correct compositional solutions for the compositions they created, but also helped with the instrumentation.

Under the influence and guidance of Mily Alekseevich, Rimsky-Korsakov's first major work, the First Symphony, was begun. According to the composer himself, sketches for the beginning of the symphony existed during the years of his studies with Canille, however, serious work on the composition began only in 1861-1862 - and “by May 1862, the first part, the scherzo and the finale of the symphony were composed by me and somehow orchestrated."

In the same spring, Nikolai graduated with honors from the Naval Corps and was accepted into the naval service. From 1862 to 1865, he served on the Almaz clipper ship, which participated in an expedition to the shores of North America, thanks to which he visited a number of countries - England, Norway, Poland, France, Italy, Spain, the USA, Brazil. The service on the clipper ship did not leave time for music, so the only work that appeared during this period from the composer's pen is the second part of the First Symphony, Andante, written at the end of 1862, after which Rimsky-Korsakov I put aside my writing for a while. Impressions of marine life later embodied in " seascapes”, which the composer managed to capture in his works by means of orchestral colors.

Returning from a trip Rimsky-Korsakov again falls into the company of members of the Balakirev circle, he meets his new member - a chemist and aspiring composer Alexander Borodin, with the idol of the circle Alexander Dargomyzhsky, with Glinka's sister Lyudmila Shestakova and with Pyotr Tchaikovsky.

At the insistence of Balakirev Rimsky-Korsakov again takes on his symphony: he composes the missing trios for the scherzo and completely re-orchestras the work. This score (known as the first edition of the symphony) was first performed in 1865 under the baton of Balakirev, a constant performer of all Rimsky-Korsakov's early symphonic scores. Turning under the influence of Balakirev to Slavic folk melodies, Rimsky-Korsakov adhered to the national flavor in music, which will continue to characterize most of his work. The musical language found here was then successfully developed in such compositions as Overture on Three Russian Themes (first edition - 1866) and Serbian Fantasy (1867).

The composer's milestone work was the musical picture Sadko (1867, later its music would be partially used in the opera of the same name), the earliest of Rimsky-Korsakov's program works. Here he acted as a successor to the traditions of European program symphonism - first of all, Hector Berlioz and Franz Liszt, whose work greatly influenced the composer; in the future, most of the works of Rimsky Korsakov will also be associated with a specific literary program.

In "Sadko" Rimsky-Korsakov, who would later be called a "storyteller", first came into contact with the world of a fairy tale; here, for the first time, he uses the symmetrical mode he invented, the so-called "Rimsky-Korsakov scale", which he later used to characterize the fantasy world in his musical works. Also, for the first time, the composer tried to depict the sea element here with the help of orchestral colors (later he did this repeatedly in such works as the Scheherazade suite, the prelude-cantata From Homer, the operas Sadko and The Tale of Tsar Saltan).

The program-fairy beginning was further developed in the Antar symphonic suite, on which the composer began to work in 1868 as the Second Symphony, inspired by the plot of an oriental tale by Osip Senkovsky. The work was premiered in 1869 at a concert of the Russian Musical Society.

Late 1860s Rimsky-Korsakov works on the instrumentation of other people's works: he helps Caesar Cui with the orchestration of the opera "William Radcliffe" and finishes, according to the will of the deceased Dargomyzhsky, the score of his opera "The Stone Guest". Turning to the operatic genre, which later became the leading one in his work, in 1872 he completed the opera based on Lev Mey's drama The Maid of Pskov. In the summer of the same year, he marries the pianist Nadezhda Purgold.

In the 1870s, the boundaries of Rimsky-Korsakov's musical activity expanded: starting in 1871, he became a professor at the St. Petersburg Conservatory, where he taught classes in practical composition, instrumentation, and orchestral; from 1873 to 1884 he was an inspector of the brass bands of the Maritime Department, from 1874 to 1881 he was the director of the Free Music School. Starting from 1874, the composer took up conducting - first symphony concerts, and then opera performances.

Mid 1870s Rimsky-Korsakov worked on perfecting his composing technique. It was during this period that he discovered serious shortcomings in his musical education and began to study the disciplines taught at the conservatory himself. The result of the improvement of composer's technique was the Third Symphony (C major, op. 32).

Funeral of Rimsky-Korsakov. Funeral procession on Voznesensky Prospekt
In the 1880s, the composer created such symphonic compositions as the orchestral suite "Scheherazade", "Spanish Capriccio", the overture "The Bright Holiday".

Since 1882 Rimsky-Korsakov headed the Belyaevsky circle, in 1883-1894 he was also an assistant manager of the Court Choir.

In the early 1890s, there was a certain decline in the composer's creative activity: during this period he studied philosophy, wrote articles, and also revised and edited some of his previous compositions. Then his work acquired exceptional intensity: one after another, from the composer's pen appear the operas The Night Before Christmas (1895), Sadko (1896), Mozart and Salieri (1897), the prologue to the opera The Maid of Pskov and The Tsar's Bride" (according to May, 1898).

During the revolutionary events of 1905-1907 Rimsky-Korsakov came out with active support for the demands of the striking students and openly condemned the actions of the administration of the St. Petersburg Conservatory: he resigned and returned to the conservatory only after granting it partial autonomous rights and a change in leadership.

He died on June 8, 1908 in Lubensk, in his country estate, where the composer's memorial museum complex is now located, combining two reconstructed estates - the house in Lubensk and the neighboring Vechasha estate, where the composer lived until 1907.

Pedagogical activity

Rimsky-Korsakov was the founder of the composer school, among his students there are about two hundred composers, conductors, musicologists, including Fyodor Akimenko, Nikolai Amani, Anton Arensky, Nikolai Artsybushev, Meliton Balanchivadze, Semyon Barmotin, Felix Blumenfeld, Yulia Weisberg, Yazeps Vitol, Alexander Glazunov, Mikhail Gnesin, Alexander Grechaninov, Vasily Zolotarev, Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov, Andrei Kazbiryuk, Nikolai Lysenko, Anatoly Lyadov, Vitold Malishevsky, Nikolai Malko, Emil Mlynarsky, Nikolai Myaskovsky, Alexander Ossovsky, Sergei Prokofiev, Ottorino Respighi, Nikolai Sokolov, Alexander Spendiarov, Igor Stravinsky, Alexander Taneyev, Nikolai Tcherepnin, Maximilian Steinberg.

Family

Wife (from June 30, 1872, St. Petersburg) - Nadezhda Nikolaevna Purgold (1848-1919) - pianist, composer, musicologist.
Children and grandchildren:
Mikhail Nikolaevich (1873-1951) - zoologist-entomologist, forester. Married twice:
1st wife: Elena Georgievna Rocca-Fuchs (1871-1953).
Natalya Mikhailovna (1900-1901).
Georgy Mikhailovich (1901-1965) - musicologist, composer, acoustician.
Vera Mikhailovna (1903-1973) - bibliographer.
Elena Mikhailovna (1905-1992) - teacher of foreign languages.
2nd wife: Evgenia Petrovna Bartmer (1884-1929).
Igor Mikhailovich (1911-1927).
Olga Mikhailovna (1914-1987) - candidate of geological and mineralogical sciences.
Sofia Nikolaevna (1875-1943) - singer. Married to Vladimir Petrovich Troitsky (1876-circa 1926).
Irina Vladimirovna, married Golovkina, (1904-1989) - author of the book “Swan Song. Defeated."
Lyudmila Vladimirovna (? -1942).
Andrei Nikolaevich (1878-1940) - musicologist, editor, Ph.D. He was married to his father's student, composer, critic and publicist Yulia Lazarevna Veisberg (1879-1942), who died with her son Vsevolod during the blockade.
Vsevolod Andreevich (1915-1942) - philologist, translator.
Vladimir Nikolayevich (1882-1970) - titular adviser, violist of the Mariinsky Theater. Married to Olga Artemyevna Gilyanova (1887-1956).
Andrei Vladimirovich (1910-2002) - acoustic physicist, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences.
Tatyana Vladimirovna (1915-2006) - architect, urban planner, author of two books about her grandfather, N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov.
Nadezhda Nikolaevna (1884-1971). Married to the composer, conductor and teacher Maximilian Oseevich Steinberg (1883-1946).
Nadezhda Maksimilianovna Steinberg (1914-1987) - philologist, author of the grammar of the French language.
Maria Nikolaevna (1888-1893).
Svyatoslav Nikolaevich (1889-1890).

List of compositions

operas

Pskovityanka
May night
Snow Maiden
Mlada
Christmas Eve
Sadko
Mozart and Salieri
Boyarina Vera Sheloga (prologue to the opera The Maid of Pskov)
royal bride
The Tale of Tsar Saltan
Servilia
Koschei the Immortal
Pan governor
The legend of the invisible city of Kitezh and the maiden Fevronia
The Golden Cockerel

Symphonic works

Symphony No. 1
Fairy Tale (symphonic piece)
Symphony No. 2
symphonietta
Overture on the themes of three Russian songs
Antar
Symphony No. 3
Scheherazade
Spanish capriccio (Eng. Capriccio Espagnol)
Bright holiday (overture)
Sadko
Snow Maiden (suite)
Night before Christmas (suite)
Concerto for Piano and Orchestra

romances

:
1. The singing of a lark is louder (Words by A. K. Tolstoy)
2. Not the wind, blowing from above (Words by A. K. Tolstoy)
3. Your luxurious wreath is fresh and fragrant (Lyrics by A. Fet)
4. That was in early spring (Words by A. K. Tolstoy)

Vocal compositions

about 80 romances
collections of Russian folk songs for voice and piano (40 and 100 songs)

Books

Chronicle of my musical life
Practical Harmony Tutorial
Orchestration Basics

About the composer's work

Musicologist Abram Gozenpud in 2002 in an interview with Petersburg theater magazine” quoted a letter from Rimsky-Korsakov explaining his attitude to his own work:

As long as a person is alive, his culture will live, and not the monuments that are erected to him. I will quote from the memory of the great Rimsky-Korsakov, who once turned to the editor of the Russian Musical Newspaper with a request: “Do not call me great. I am writing to you, not for publication, I hope that my letter will never be published. There was only one Glinka. If you call me a Glinkian, I will thank you - this is the highest title. Monuments need to be erected to people whose memory disappears with their death - politicians, kings, generals. And what monument can be higher than the one erected by Glinka? He is not man-made, so I ask you, do not call me great, if you really need it - not devoid of talent, it's better just - Rimsky-Korsakov. Those who don't know me won't believe that I'm great, those who know may like it. But I don't like my last operas. They will probably forget me, or maybe they have already forgotten. It will be a shame, because I wrote a lot.

Addresses in St. Petersburg

Summer 1856 - P. N. Golovin's apartment in the house of O. P. Zubova - Millionnaya Street, 6;
1867 - 09.1871 - tenement house Arens - 7th line of Vasilyevsky Island, 4;
09.1871 - 1872 - Zaremba apartment house - Panteleymonovskaya street (now - Pestel street), 11, apt. 9;
1872 - autumn 1873 - Morozov's house - Shpalernaya street, 4;
autumn 1873-1883 - tenement house Kononov - Furshtatskaya street, 33, apt. 9;
1883-1889 - Vladimirsky prospect, 18, apt. 5;
1889 - 09/19/1893 - the Capella's house - the embankment of the Moika River, 20;
09/19/1893 - 06/21/1908 - courtyard wing of the apartment house of M.A. Lavrova - Zagorodny Prospekt, 28, apt. 39.

Memory

Monument to N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov on Theater Square in St. Petersburg. Sculptors V. Ya. Bogolyubov and V. I. Ingal

Monuments. Museums. Institutions

Memorial Museum-Reserve N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov in the Pskov region.
In 1952 (November 30) Rimsky-Korsakov a monument was erected Leningrad Conservatory on Theater Square (sculptors V. I. Ingal, V. Ya. Bogolyubov, architect M. A. Shepilevsky) Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation. No. 7810110000 // Site "Objects cultural heritage(monuments of history and culture) of peoples Russian Federation". Checked
In Leningrad, in 1971, the N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov Museum-Apartment was opened. The Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation. No. 7810522000 // Site "Objects of cultural heritage (monuments of history and culture) of the peoples of the Russian Federation". Checked
Museum in Tikhvin, in the house where the composer was born Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation. No. 4710152000 // Site "Objects of cultural heritage (monuments of history and culture) of the peoples of the Russian Federation". Checked
In Nikolaev, near the Children's Music School No. 1, named after Rimsky-Korsakov, in 1978 his bust was erected.
In 1966 Krasnodar music school was named after N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov.
In 1992, the name of the composer was given to Children's Art School No. 1 in Moscow in the Eastern Administrative District.
Children's Musical School No. 1 named after N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov in Pskov.
Children's Music School named after N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov in St. Petersburg (formerly the Music School for adults named after N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov).
Children's Musical School named after N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov in Luga
Children's Art School named after N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov in Tikhvin.
N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov College of Music in St. Petersburg.
Children's Music School No. 1 named after N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov in Nizhny Tagil

Toponyms

Russia

Prospect Rimsky-Korsakov in St. Petersburg.
Rimsky-Korsakov street in Moscow.
Rimsky-Korsakov in the village of Frunzevets (Aprelevka, Naro-Fominsk district, Moscow region).
Rimsky-Korsakov street in Lipetsk.
Rimsky-Korsakov street in Nizhny Novgorod.
Rimsky-Korsakov street in Novosibirsk.
Rimsky-Korsakov street in Tikhvin.

Ukraine

Rimsky-Korsakov Street - a street in Donetsk.
Rimsky-Korsakov Street - a street in Sumy.

Kazakhstan

Rimsky-Korsakov Street - a street in Almaty.

Other

In 1956, the ship built for the Soviet Union in Czechoslovakia was named - Rimsky-Korsakov.

Airbus A320 of Aeroflot with the number VP-BWE bears the name of Rimsky-Korsakov.

Brief biography of Rimsky-Korsakov in demand not only by students of music schools, but in general by everyone who is interested in art. We invite you to briefly get acquainted with the life of an outstanding maestro, and learn the main points from his work.

Biography of Rimsky-Korsakov

Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov

Rimsky-Korsakov was born on March 18, 1844 in the city of Tikhvin, Novgorod province. Despite the penchant for music, which Nikolai Andreevich manifested from early childhood, he nevertheless went to military service. A strong influence in this matter was exerted on him by his older brother, an officer and a future rear admiral.

Having started his studies at the age of 6, he became interested in church music and folk songs, and at 11 he wrote his first work.

A brief biography does not allow us to talk about all the features of the military service of the future composer. Let's just say that from 1862 to 1865 Rimsky-Korsakov served on the Almaz clipper (ship). Three years of travel allowed him to see many countries, but there was practically no time to study music.

The beginning of Rimsky-Korsakov's work

Three years later, returning to St. Petersburg, Nikolai Andreevich again establishes contacts with Balakirev's circle. It was then that he met A.P. Borodin, L.I. Shestakova (sister) and.

With the help of unusual techniques, he managed to masterfully betray the features of the sea and everything connected with it. Later, other famous composers began to adopt these ideas.

An interesting fact is that Rimsky-Korsakov had the so-called color hearing. That is, he saw each tonality in a certain color. This unique feature is called synesthesia. Thus, he correlated E major with the color blue. Therefore, all his "marine" works were written in E major by him.

Success and recognition

Composer in 1897

Two years later, the musician became the inspector of the brass bands of the Naval Department, and in 1874 - the director of the Free Music School. In the same year, Rimsky-Korsakov began to actively conduct symphony concerts, and then opera performances.

In the biography of Rimsky-Korsakov, one can clearly see how easily he was taken for one or another type of activity.

The maestro's first opera was The Maid of Pskov, written in 1872. Seven years later, he creates May Night based on a plot. Then, in 1881, the most inspired opera The Snow Maiden appeared, written for a fairy tale (see).

An interesting fact in the biography of Rimsky-Korsakov is that in the early 1890s he began to experience some creative decline. However, then, on the contrary, the stunning operas The Night Before Christmas (1895), Sadko (1896), Salieri (1897), the prologue to the opera The Maid of Pskov and The Tsar’s Bride (based on the drama by Leo Maya, 1898).

Rimsky-Korsakov family

In 1872, Nikolai Andreevich married Nadezhda Nikolaevna Purgold. She was also a pianist, musicologist and composer.

They had seven children, two of whom died in childhood. No wonder that all the children received a good musical education. After all, both father and mother were outstanding figures in this field.

You can read more about his biography in the book of the ZhZL series by the author I.F. Kunin.

last years of life

In 1905-1907. revolutionary events began in the Russian Empire. Rimsky-Korsakov took the side of the protesting students who condemned the actions of the administration of the St. Petersburg Conservatory. As a sign of solidarity, he quit altogether, but then, when the leadership of the conservatory was changed, he returned to his post.

The composer's followers were about 200 outstanding musicians, including such figures as Stravinsky, Gnesin, Taneyev and others.

Nikolai Andreevich died on June 21, 1908 in the village of Lyubensk. The composer had a country estate there. Now it is a museum named after him.

He was buried in St. Petersburg at the Novodevichy Cemetery. In 1930, his ashes were transferred to the Necropolis of Masters of Arts of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

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Childhood and youth

Nikolai Andreevich was born in the city of Tikhvin, Novgorod province, into a family of hereditary nobles. The great-great-grandfather of the future composer served as rear admiral of the fleet at. Father Andrey Petrovich Rimsky-Korsakov held the title of State Councilor, served as Vice-Governor of Novgorod, and served as Governor of Volyn for four years. Mother Sofya Vasilyevna belonged to the Skaryatin family of landowners, but was born from a serf peasant woman.

The family brought up two sons - Warrior and Nikolai. The eldest son, Voin Andreevich, later became a naval rear admiral. The age difference between the brothers was 22 years, so the younger brother was strongly influenced by the authority of the elder.

In 1856, the teenager was assigned to the Naval Cadet Corps. Having moved to the northern capital, Rimsky-Korsakov plunged into the cultural life of the city and began to visit the opera house. Nikolai got acquainted with the musical works, Giacomo Meyerbeer, and.

Music

In 1861, Rimsky-Korsakov met and, the founder of the Mighty Handful community. Friendship with a talented musician influenced the development of the creative biography of Nikolai Andreevich. Ts. A. Cui and M. P. Mussorgsky also became members of the circle. Later he joined the community. The ideologist of the "Mighty Handful" was the music critic V.V. Stasov.

Later, the suite "Antar" (Second Symphony op. 9) appears from the musician's pen. The composer begins to master the operatic genre from the creation of orchestrations of works by Caesar Cui. The first opera by Rimsky-Korsakov appeared only in 1872 and was called The Maid of Pskov. The libretto was based on the drama of the same name by Lev Mey. The premiere of the opera took place a year later at the Mariinsky Theatre.

In the early 70s, Nikolai Andreevich received an invitation from the administration of the St. Petersburg Conservatory and became a professor at an educational institution, without having a completed musical education. For 35 years of teaching, the composer brought up a galaxy of world-famous musicians, including Anton Arensky, Mikhail Gnesin, Alexander Grechaninov, Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov, Nikolai Myaskovsky,.

Together with the students whom Nikolai Andreevich teaches composition, instrumentation and orchestration, the composer himself improves his professional skills. The musician devotes the first years of teaching to writing polyphonic, vocal works, creates concertos for piano, clarinet, trombone, quintet and sextet for instrumental ensemble. In 1873 the author's Third Symphony (op. 32) was published.

In 1874, Rimsky-Korsakov took up the conductor's stand. Six years later, the talented musician has already performed with the orchestra in Moscow, at the World Exhibition in Paris, and at the Concerts populaires in Brussels. In the mid-70s, the composer was preparing to release the scores of Mikhail Glinka's operas.

In the 80s, symphonic works by Rimsky-Korsakov appeared, which gained the composer worldwide fame: the orchestral suite "Scheherazade", "Spanish Capriccio", the overture "Bright Holiday", as well as the operas "May Night", "Snow Maiden", "Mlada" .

During these years, Nikolai Andreevich collaborated with the Court Singing Chapel, led the Belyaevsky circle, and directed the Russian Symphony Concerts in St. Petersburg.

The beginning of the 90s was marked by a decline in the composer's creative activity. At this time, the philosophical and theoretical works of the master appear, Nikolai Andreevich creates new editions of a number of previous works. In the mid-90s, a new stage in Rimsky-Korsakov's operatic work began: the operas The Night Before Christmas (1895), Sadko (1896), Mozart and Salieri (1897), The Tsar's Bride (1898) appeared.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Rimsky-Korsakov composed the last fairy tale operas: Kashchei the Immortal (1902), The Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh... (1904), The Golden Cockerel (1907). The theme of the interlude for the opera The Tale of Tsar Saltan (1900), which was called The Flight of the Bumblebee, gained popularity.

The number was repeatedly rearranged for solo performance by stringed folk instruments, and editions for piano and guitar were also created. In the 20th century, arrangements of the work appeared in the style of jazz, rock, heavy metal.

Personal life

The personal life of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov developed successfully. While entering the house of his senior colleague A. S. Dargomyzhsky, at one of the creative evenings, Nikolai drew attention to the pianist Nadezhda Nikolaevna Purgold. At that moment, the young musician was just starting work on the opera The Maid of Pskov. Nikolai Andreevich needed an assistant to orchestrate several opera numbers, and he turned to Nadezhda Nikolaevna.

The wife survived Nikolai Andreevich by 11 years and died of smallpox. The apartment on Zagorodny Prospekt in St. Petersburg, where the Rimsky-Korsakovs lived in recent years, was inhabited by newcomers after the revolution. Only in 1971 the museum of the composer was located there, where the atmosphere of the times of the life of Nikolai Andreevich was restored. The apartment contains manuscripts of famous operas and photos from the musician's family archive.

Death

The composer died on June 8, 1908 according to Art. from a heart attack, which he received after the news that the Golden Cockerel opera was banned from staging. At this time, Nikolai Andreevich was in a country estate in Lubensk.

The musician's grave was originally located in St. Petersburg at the Novodevichy Cemetery, then the remains were reburied in the Necropolis of the Masters of Arts of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Artworks

1865 - First Symphony
1872 - "Pskovite"
1878 - "May night"
1881 - "Snow Maiden"
1883 - Concerto for piano and orchestra
1887 - "Spanish Capriccio"
1888 - suite "Scheherazade"
1895 - "The Night Before Christmas"
1896 - "Sadko"
1897 - "Mozart and Salieri"
1898 - "The Tsar's Bride"
1900 - "The Tale of Tsar Saltan"
1907 - "The Golden Cockerel"

Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky Korsakov Date of birth 6 (18) March 1844 (18440318) Place of birth Tikhvin Date of death 8 (21) June ... Wikipedia

Famous Russian composer; genus. in 1844 in Tikhvin; Educated in the Naval Cadet Corps. Among the first leaders of R. Korsakov in the composer's field, the most prominent place belongs to M. A. Balakirev. Three-year distant ... ... Big biographical encyclopedia

Nikolai Andreevich RIMSKY KORSAKOV (1844-1908), Russian composer. Born March 18, 1844 in Tikhvin, Novgorod province. His parents were great music lovers and taught their son how to play the piano from the age of six; At the age of eight he already... Collier Encyclopedia

Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky Korsakov. RIMSKY KORSAKOV Nikolay Andreevich (1844-1908), composer. Founder of the composer school in Russia. Member of the "Mighty Handful". In works related to the world of fairy tales, folk life, pictures of nature, ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

Russian composer, teacher, conductor, public figure, music writer. From nobles. He was educated in the St. Petersburg Naval Corps, according to ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Rimsky-Korsakov Nikolai Andreevich- (18441908), composer, teacher, conductor, musical public figure. Almost all creative life Rimsky Korsakov was held in St. Petersburg. In 1856 he entered the Naval Corps, after which (with the rank of midshipman) in 186265 ... ... Encyclopedic reference book "St. Petersburg"

Rimsky Korsakov (Nikolai Andreevich), a famous Russian composer, was born in 1844 in Tikhvin; Educated in the Naval Cadet Corps. Among the first leaders of R. Korsakov in the composer's field, the most prominent place belongs to ... Biographical Dictionary

- (1844 1908) Russian composer, conductor, musical public figure. Member of the Mighty Bunch. The picturesque pictorial nature of music, the special purity of the lyrics are inherent in works connected with the world of fairy tales, with the poetry of Russian nature, ... ... Big encyclopedic Dictionary

- (1844 1908), Russian. composer. Romances on verses by L. occupy a prominent place in vocal creativity R.K., was attracted to elegiac, imbued with lyric. contemplation and tranquility of the work. The individuality of the composer is especially ... ... Lermontov Encyclopedia

- (1844 1908), composer, teacher, conductor, musical public figure. Almost the entire creative life of R.K. was spent in St. Petersburg. In 1856 he entered the Naval Corps, after which (with the rank of midshipman) in 1862 65 he participated in ... ... St. Petersburg (encyclopedia)

Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai Andreevich- RIMSKY KORSAKOV Nikolai Andreevich (1844 1908) Russian composer, conductor, teacher, public figure, music writer. Brother V.A. Rimsky Korsakov. He graduated from the Naval gentry cadet corps (1862). In 1862 1865. participated in… … Marine Biographical Dictionary

Books

The Tsar's Bride, Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov. Reprinted musical edition of Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolay "The Tsar" s Bride ". Genres: Operas; Stage Works; For voices, mixed chorus, orchestra; Scores featuring the voice; Scores featuring mixed…
Practical textbook of harmony, Rimsky-Korsakov Nikolai Andreevich. Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov (1844-1908) Russian composer, teacher, conductor, public figure, music critic; member of the Mighty Handful. Among his compositions are 15 operas, 3…

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Biography of Rimsky-Korsakov

Brief biography of Rimsky-Korsakov

Biography of Rimsky-Korsakov

The beginning of Rimsky-Korsakov's work

Success and recognition

Rimsky-Korsakov family

last years of life

Brief biography of Rimsky Korsakov

Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov: biography, interesting facts, creativity

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov short biography

Brief biography of Rimsky-Korsakov for students in grades 1-11. Briefly and only the most important

Brief biography of Rimsky-Korsakov

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

Childhood and youth

Music

Personal life

Death

Artworks

Photo

Rimsky-Korsakov biography, summary

Pedagogical activity

Family

List of compositions

operas

Symphonic works

romances

Vocal compositions

Books

About the composer's work

Addresses in St. Petersburg

Memory

Monuments. Museums. Institutions

Toponyms

Russia

Ukraine

Kazakhstan

Other

Biography of Rimsky-Korsakov

The beginning of Rimsky-Korsakov's work

Success and recognition

Rimsky-Korsakov family

last years of life

Childhood and youth

Music

Personal life

Death

Artworks

Books

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