Olga Ilinykh
Theme: "Golden Khokhloma". Painting plates Khokhloma painting
Goals:
1 Continue to cultivate interest in Russian folk crafts and the desire to study them, a sense of patriotism;
2. To acquaint with the history of fishing, the features of Khokhloma painting;
3. Learn to draw a wavy line, short curls and blades of grass in a continuous, smooth movement;
4. Exercise in drawing thin smooth lines with the end of the brush;
5. Develop a sense of the color of rhythm, the ability to convey the color of Khokhloma.
Region Integration:
"Knowledge", " Fiction» "Labor", "Communication"
preliminary work
1. Acquaintance with the history of the emergence of Khokhloma painting.
2. Reading poems about Khokhloma.
3. Consideration of illustrations with Khokhloma painting.
Materials and equipment
1. Wooden utensils painted with Khokhloma painting.
2. Samples of elements of Khokhloma painting.
3. Papier-mâché plate.
4. Watercolor paints.
5. Brushes for drawing.
6. Glasses for water, napkins.
STROKE:
Today we will continue to get acquainted with Russian folk arts and crafts - Khokhloma painting. Look at these products and say: do you like them? Why did you like them? What do you think. What is special about this dish? Golden-colored wooden products of this craft with floral ornaments are called Khokhloma.
Khokhloma is the name of an old trading village where painted wooden utensils were brought for sale.
Where did this wonder come from? Do you want to know? Then listen.
People talk about a miracle master who lived in the Nizhny Novgorod forests. The master built a house in the forest on the banks of the Khokhlomka River and began to make dishes. Once a firebird flew to him. The man fed her crumbs. The bird wanted to thank the man. She touched with her wing a simple wooden dish and the dish turned into “golden” in an instant. Since then, the peasant began to make dishes and all his patterned cups and spoons looked like gold. They found out about this in Moscow, and the tsar sent for the master of the tsarist soldiers. When the master heard about this, he called the men, told them the secret of the "golden" dishes. And he disappeared...
And other craftsmen began to make “golden” dishes. Do you think it is difficult to make such dishes? Of course, it is not easy to make it. The product must first be turned on the machine, then it is puttied, sanded, oiled, tinned, that is, covered with aluminum powder, and subjected to hardening in a furnace at high temperature.
Showing the presentation "Golden Khokhloma". During the presentation, do the children read poetry?
Khokhloma Khokhloma! All the people went crazy!
Bright, radiant, Golden patterns!
Carved spoons and ladles
Take a look, don't rush.
There the grass curls and flowers
Grow unearthly beauty.
They shine like gold
Or maybe sun-drenched.
Here is Rook: a flowering tail is feed,
The nose is a cock's head.
Floats through the Khokhloma forest,
Painted very cleverly.
And here is the tray.
But the duck is swimming along the river,
Above the bank carries a head.
Waves a black wing
She shakes off water on the flowers.
In the green grass
silk splashes
Golden foliage.
Our Khokhloma spoons -
The best souvenir.
With gilding - not simple
Thundered all over the world
Didactic game "Elements of painting"
Surprise moment:
This morning I received a package. I completely forgot about her. let's open it ... oh, what is it (the dishes are painted with Khokhloma painting). What kind of painting are the guys on the dishes? (answers)
Take any object you like and look at it. What colors did the artist use? That's right, there is black, red. There is green, but most of all gold. Now you understand why Khokhloma is called "golden". What patterns did the artist use? (The patterns contain different berries, leaves (most often triple, decorative flowers.) But this element, which is most often found, is called “grass”. Artists make a variety of compositions from grass. Even images of birds and fish are made from “grass of grass” "Look how smoothly curved branches with berries. Leaves, flowers. "Grass" occupies all the space between them. It is light, curved or similar to curls with sharp tips ("like a sedge in the wind"). The pattern occupies almost the entire surface of the product. The edge of the product is decorated with a straight border.
And now that we have learned all the secrets of this art, let's try to paint this amazing dish. What is the name of our plate? made out of paper? (papier mache)
Imagine that you and I are in the workshop, you are the masters, let's get to work.
Physical education minute
One and two! One and two! Rubbing palms against each other
The game starts
We paint the wings and stomach, Stroke with the palms of the hands
We paint the breast and tail, belly, chest, lower back of the leg, head,
We paint the back, paint the legs,
Paint the scallop a little
That's what the cockerel has become They put their hands on their belts, proudly
Bright red comb. Straightening up and doing a few
turns left and right.
Final part:
exhibition of children's work.
Ekaterina Chuprikova
Summary of the lesson "Golden Khokhloma" (senior group)
Target:
Familiarizing children with different types folk arts and crafts (Khokhloma).
Tasks:
Educational:
Continue to acquaint children with folk crafts;
To teach children to draw on paper patterns from plant elements (grass, bushes, mountain ash);
To form ideas about Khokhloma painting, its origin.
Technical skills:
be able to hold the brush correctly, draw with the tip of the brush, with the whole brush.
Developing:
Develop memory, thinking, attention;
Develop fine motor skills hands;
Develop compositional skills - the correct proportions of the object, its location in space.
Educational:
To cultivate an aesthetic attitude to everyday culture and art objects.
Material at educate la:
A4 sheet divided into sections for each pattern, brush, gouache - red, black, pictures of objects in Khokhloma painting
Children's material her:
White A4 sheet, brush, gouache (red, black, jar of water.
OCCUPATION
Introduction
Guys, sit in a semicircle on the carpet. Today I will tell you about the golden Khokhloma. Do you know what Khokhloma is?
Guys, Khokhloma is one of the types of folk craft, it was with this painting that craftsmen painted dishes, tables, chairs and many other items.
They sat down beautifully, now I will tell you about how this painting appeared.
There is a legend. A skilled craftsman lived in one of the Nizhny Novgorod villages. Wood carver. He made cups, spoons, ladles and bowls. He cooked porridge, ate it from those bowls and did not spare porridge for the birds in the garden - he fed them. Somehow a fairy tale flew into his garden bird - heat, golden pen. She pecked at the porridge, and when flying away, she touched the dishes with her wing and it became golden.
This is, of course, a fairy tale. But when you look at the painted Khokhloma products, it seems that the fabulous bird did its best here.
See how spoons, planks and many other objects surrounding a person are painted.
The creation of such dishes is a long, painstaking work.
The dishes were cut out of wood, after which they were covered with liquid clay, dried, then soaked in linseed oil and slightly dried. Then they were covered with a special metal powder and painted with beautiful patterns. At the end, they were covered with a special oil (olive) and dried in ovens. Metal powder and oil gave a unique golden sheen.
Guys, look at the illustrations, tell me, what primary colors do the masters use?
Correct - gold, red, black, green
It is these colors that are the main ones for painting Khokhloma.
Guys, look at the patterns, what do they look like?
Look like blades of grass, berries, flowers.
Guys, here you can also see bushes, droplets, curls, kriul.
Guys, today we will become young masters of Khokhloma painting. I will teach you how to draw grass, bushes and mountain ash, this is how they look.
Want to try? Guys, this is not an easy task, but I think you can handle it.
Take your seats.
To correctly draw the elements of Khokhloma painting, look carefully, I will show you how to draw them.
To draw a bush you need to do like this:
We take a brush, dip it in black paint, remove the excess on the edge of the jar, draw a line with the tip of the brush, bending it slightly, like this, after I draw blades of grass of the same color, see how I draw blades of grass, first small, after more and more. After I have drawn blades of grass to the middle of the line, I draw larger blades of grass and with a bend, like this: I draw the tip to the middle of the blade of grass, after all the pile and again with the tip of the brush.
Here is our bush.
The next element is rowan, first you draw a small bush, like this, look carefully, after you draw rowan berries, they are drawn with the tip of the brush, like this.
Before we start, let's do finger gymnastics:
Here are all my fingers, turn them as you like: (children look at open palms and twirl them).
And like this, and like this, do not be offended in any way
(rubbing hands).
One, two, three, four, five
(clap hands).
They don't fit again
(shaking brushes).
They knocked, they turned,
We wanted to draw.
Guys, what are we going to decorate?
What patterns, what are they called?
What paints will you use?
Main part
Instructions for getting started.
Do not forget that we work carefully, respect the proportions. If you need help raise your hand, I'll come and help you.
Look carefully at my drawing, they should be similar.
I try to see all the children, on my piece of paper I show how to draw a Khokhloma element if the child does not succeed.
In 5-7 minutes I tell the children that it is time to finish the work, there are 5 minutes left.
Who has finished the work, put it neatly on the table for the exhibition.
Final part
Guys, did you enjoy working?
What did we do?
What patterns were painted on the board?
Do you think you succeeded?
Which element was the most difficult for you?
I involve children in the analysis.
What are the main colors used in Khokhloma painting?
Guys, you all did a very good job, look how neatly painted the planks. What neat blades of grass and bushes. I'm sure your moms and dads will love your work.
Related publications:
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MADOU "Eureka", Perm
Abstract
classes in visual activity
in the senior group of kindergarten.
Educator of the first qualification category
Shiryaeva Anastasia Pavlovna
Perm
Decorative painting of crockery patterns.
Goals: to update children's knowledge about Khokhloma painting; to teach how to draw elements of Khokhloma painting, to form concepts about the ornament; develop figurative representation; cultivate patriotic feelings.
Equipment: Khokhloma crockery, crockery templates.
Course progress.
Introduction.
Today we will go under Nizhny Novgorod where the masters of the Golden Khokhloma live.
Russian folk music sounds.
Slides
peddler: I bow low to you, dear guests!
To whom dishes for porridge-okroshka,
Miracle dish yes cups, spoons?
Where are the dishes from?
Yes, she came to you
Golden Khokhloma!
Here, look!
Golden grass grew on a spoon,
A flower has blossomed on a bowl,
The cranberry ripened on the ladle.
The bird pecks at this berry - the golden wing.
Admire this miracle - spoons, cups and kegs, sugar bowls and glasses, vases and trays, wide dishes and ducks, ladles - "brothers".
All this household utensils, carved from wood, shimmering with gold, with a golden pattern that amuses the eye, I brought from the large trading village of Khokhloma, near Nizhny Novgorod.
It is from us that firebirds fly bowls and spoons to fairs.
slides on click
caregiver : Golden Khokhloma is a bright, original phenomenon of Russian folk arts and crafts. This traditional art craft has more than three hundred years of history. It originated in the 17th century in the Nizhny Novgorod Trans-Volga region near the trading village of Khokhloma.
slides
Wooden utensils have been common in Russia since ancient times: a wooden spoon and a bowl could be seen on the table at the noblewoman, in the peasant’s hut, and even in royal everyday life. A beautifully finished spoon or ladle was considered a real gift.
There is such a beautiful legend:
“A long time ago, a cheerful craftsman settled in the forest beyond the Volga. He set up a hut, set up a table and a bench, cut out wooden utensils. I cooked millet porridge for myself and did not forget to pour millet for the birds. The Firebird flew to his doorstep. The man fed her. The firebird touched a cup of porridge with its wing and it became golden.
This, of course, is a legend. But in fact, the production of Khokhloma dishes is a very difficult task.
A thing turned on a lathe or carved with a knife from linden or birch was carefully covered with the thinnest layer of liquid clay (“vaps”). The dried product was several times covered with drying oil, painted with silvery aluminum powder. Then they painted oil paints, dried again and dried in ovens. After such processing, Khokhloma products received a golden hue, and the red patterns flamed on a gold or black background, which is why Khokhloma is calledgolden and fiery.
Children consider Khokhloma products.
All items are displayed on the table.
slides
Khokhloma painting is floral ornament, made up of a small number motifs called "grass", "berry", "leaf", "curly".
Children get acquainted with the elements of floral ornament.
All elements of the grass ornament are drawn immediately with a brush, without a preliminary drawing with a pencil, while the brush must be held with three fingers perpendicular to the surface of the sheet.
Explanation of the sequence of execution of elements of Khokhloma painting:
"osochki" - performed with a slight movement of the tip of the brush from top to bottom;
“blades of grass” are strokes with a slight smooth thickening;
"droplets" - are drawn by applying a brush to paper;
"antennae" - are drawn in the form of a continuous line of the same thickness, twisted into a spiral;
"Curls" - performed with light pressure in the middle of the element;
"bush" - the most complex element, it consists of simpler symmetrically arranged elements - "sedge", "grass", "droplets", "antennae" and "curls";
"berries" - the berries of lingonberries, currants, mountain ash are drawn with a poke seal (a strip of paper folded into a tight tube); gooseberries, strawberries are drawn with a brush. According to the dried paint, the berries are “lived up” in yellow.
- In addition, we must remember about the conformity of the pattern and shape of the object.
Look:
a branch of ripe berries wraps around the surface of the product, creating a continuous strip of ornament.
Guys, today I invite you to turn into craftsmen and turn white dishes into golden and beautiful. To do this, you must choose the ornament you like the most and decorate the dish patterns with it.
On the table, the children have pre-prepared templates for various dishes.
Independent work of children. Painting patterns of dishes with floral ornaments.
Exhibition. Display and analysis of works.
Summing up the lesson.
Take a look at the exhibition, what a wonderful dish our folk craftsmen turned out to be - bright, colorful, festive. With such goods, our peddler will not be ashamed to go to the fair.
Slide on click
How great is our beloved Motherland! So many great talents around!
It's a cold winter
Snowflakes are twisted by a violent wind,
And sunny Khokhloma
Reminds us of summer.
There is no semi-darkness in the plates.
Not dusk in vases and salt shakers,
Reminds me of Khokhloma
Native, sweet side!
History of Khokhloma painting.Khokhloma painting on wood, Russian folk art craft. Originated in the second half of the 17th century. on the territory of the modern Koverninsky district of the Gorky region; The trade name was given to the trade. Khokhloma of the same region was a sales center for Khokhloma painting products in the 18th and early 20th centuries. Khokhloma painting is characterized by the original technique of painting wood in a golden color without the use of gold. Objects carved from wood (mainly dishes) were primed with a solution of clay, raw linseed oil and tin powder (in modern aluminum products), on the layer of which a floral pattern was made in a free brush style of painting, then covered with linseed oil varnish (now synthetic) and hardened with high temperature in the oven. For the color of Khokhloma painting, a combination of red and black with gold is typical. The types of painting "horseback" (red and black on a golden background) and "under the background" (golden silhouette pattern on a colored background) are common. Decayed at the beginning of the 20th century. fishing in modern times has been revived; in the 20's early 30's. masters united in artels. In the 1960s the factory "Khokhloma Artist" was created in the homeland of craft and Production Association"Khokhloma painting" in the city of Semenov, which became the centers of this artistic craft. They produce dishes, spoons, furniture, souvenirs, etc. Masters: F. A. Bedin, A. T. Busova, O. N. and S. P. Veselov, E. N. Dospalova, Z. F. Kieva, O P. Lushina, A. G. and F. N. Podogov, A. P. Savinova, M. F. Sineva, I. E. Tyukalov, etc.
The origin of Khokhloma painting
Already in those distant times, which we are trying to get an idea of, according to archaeological excavations, in the Volga region they were engaged in the manufacture of wooden utensils. Wood was the most convenient and affordable material for creating household items. Nimble shuttles - "boots" were hollowed out of tree trunks, figured ladles were cut out, decorating their handles with carved silhouettes of horses, and various forms of dishes were carved. Everyone who settled in these places had to do crafts. The lands here were infertile, there was not enough harvest until spring. Only forest wealth and nimble hands saved from hunger and want. The proximity of the great Volga route contributed to the fact that wooden utensils were made here early for sale. However, the first utensil crafts of the Trans-Volga region did not differ in any way from the many similar industries that developed on the territory of our country. As in other areas, local craftsmen covered items with linseed oil or drying oil made from it. This gave strength to wooden utensils, it became more beautiful. This method of varnishing the surface of a tree is not forgotten even now. Until recently, it was used in the production of the cheapest cups and salt shakers, which served as everyday household items. When did the art of golden Khokhloma appear? We do not have the data to answer this question definitively. Probably, the masters of the Trans-Volga region began to paint dishes long before they mastered the technique of "golden" coloring. Back in the 19th century, along with "gilded" wooden utensils, cheap cups and salt shakers were also made here, the surface of which was decorated only with the simplest geometric patterns - rosettes, rhombuses, spiral curls and wavy lines applied with a stamp or brush. Getting acquainted with the wooden vessels of the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries preserved in museums and made at monasteries, we do not find among them items whose surface would be painted in a golden color using methods close to Khokhloma. They are similar to Khokhloma only in form, cinnabar background, and sometimes in the golden belts decorating them, but these belts are applied with powdered gold, which was not used in Khokhloma.
We meet the closest Khokhloma painting techniques among icon painters. Masters ancient Russia knew how to save expensive metal. To paint the background of the icon in a golden color, they sometimes used not gold, but silver powder. After painting, the icon was covered with lacquer made from linseed oil and heated in an oven. Under the influence of high temperature, the lacquer film acquired a golden hue, and the silver powder shining through it became like gold. This technique became especially widespread in the XVII - XVIII centuries when the decoration of Russian churches becomes especially rich and magnificent. They create tall gilded iconostases with large icons. Icon cases and church furniture are painted in golden color. Techniques for writing with silver instead of gold at this time became known a wide range Russian icon painters. Most likely, the time of the appearance of the art of Khokhloma painting was the second half of the 17th and early 18th century, when the dense forests of Kerzhensk became a place of settlement for the Old Believers who fled from the persecution of the tsarist government and