Art lesson. Kornienko E.G., teacher of the highest category, MBOU secondary school No. 4.
| Plan Structure training session |
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| Grade 8, program "Art Grade 8-9”, G.P. Sergeeva, I.E. Kashekova, E.D. Cretan. |
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| Study topic, title, study topic of the lesson. | Landscape - poetic and musical painting. |
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| Purpose (planned results of the training session). | Reveal the beautiful world of nature with the language of music, literature and painting. To evoke an emotional response to a piece of music heard. |
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| Tasks (planned results of the training session). | 1. Show how painters, writers, composers revealed the beauty and singularity of nature in the language of music, colors and poetry. Acquaintance with outstanding works and works of outstanding artists; 2. Development of cognitive interest, creativity, the formation in students of the foundations of a holistic analysis of works of art, the development of oral speech skills; 3. Introducing students to spiritual and moral values, masterpieces of classical art. |
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| Type, type of training session. | Lesson in communicating new educational material. |
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| Literature and equipment. | Training:textbook "Art" grade 8-9, G.P. Sergeeva, I.E. Kashekova, E.D. Cretan. Moscow "Enlightenment" 2014. Visual:multimedia presentations; TCO:computer, projector. Interdisciplinary connections:music, literature, visual arts. Music material: P.I. Tchaikovsky "October. Autumn song. |
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Stages of the lesson.
1. Organizing time.
2. Preparing students for active, conscious assimilation of new educational material.
Even Pushkin called art a “magic crystal”, through the facets of which the people around us, objects and phenomena of everyday life are seen in a new way.
Worksheet. Task number 1.
Nature and art in life are inseparable one from the other. Nature from childhood and forever enters the life of every person. An artist, poet, composer often sing of the beauty of nature in their native land and create wonderful pictures of nature.
Let's think together what place nature occupies in human life.
Worksheet. Task number 2.
Lesson topic: Landscape - poetic and musical painting.
Lesson Objective: Let's talk about beautiful world nature in painting, literature and music.
3. Assimilation of new knowledge.
The unpretentious beauty of the Central Russian strip did not attract the attention of artists for a long time. Boring, monotonous flat landscapes, gray skies, spring thaws or summer grass withered from the heat ... What is poetic in this?
Russian artists of the 19th century A. Savrasov, I Levitan and others rediscovered the beauty of their native land.
Worksheet. Task number 3.
In the paintings we see landscapes and perceive them with the help of vision. And in literature, when reading a text, we imagine a landscape according to its description. One of the outstanding landscape painters was the poet Nikolai Rubtsov.
I live near an empty temple,
On the steepness of the coast,
And city panorama
All open in front of me.
Landscape that changes shape
I can see everything from the side
In all mysterious majesty
Of its deep antiquity.
(The poet conveys in verse his reverent attitude towards native land and we vividly represent the place that he describes).
Worksheet. Task number 4.
Presentation.
Worksheet. Task number 5.
“... Thanks to works of art - literary, musical, pictorial - nature appears before readers, listeners, spectators, always different: majestic, sad, tender, jubilant, mourning, touching. These images continue to attract a person, touching the finest strings of his soul, help to touch the unique beauty of his native nature, to see the unusual in what is familiar and everyday, give everyone the opportunity to develop a sense of belonging to their native land, to their father's house ... ".
Worksheet. Reflection.
Homework: Textbook p.25 and p.27 Perform an artistic and creative task of your choice.
Appendix: Worksheets. Presentation. Music P.I. Tchaikovsky.
"Worksheet option 2"
Option 2
Worksheet ______________________________
Task number 1 Crossword.
Task number 2Write your answer in a diagram.
What does a person get from nature?
Task number 3Artistic text.
(See textbook p.25)
I.I. Levitan "Lake. Rus". This is the main work of the late painter. The artist never completed this creation, as he died. But even in this unfinished form, the picture makes a grandiose impression on all viewers. A sunny day, its incredible freshness and special brightness, are conveyed with a special immediacy that is almost impressionistic. The viewer sees magnificent golden clouds floating across the sky, bizarrely reflected in the lake. On the shore you can see bright white bell towers, lush green meadows, autumn trees. All this fills us with the belief that a very joyful and necessarily good future awaits Russia.
Levitan's painting is a kind of synthesis of all the artist's observations and impressions of the nature of his land.
The artist worked on this canvas for an incredibly long time and, most importantly, with inspiration. For him, he made many sketches and sketches. Very often he went to the lakes in the Tver province, which became the nature of his masterpiece.
Levitan skillfully combines the colors of summer with the riot of shades of autumn nature. The artist's idea is that this is exactly how nature should be in rather rare moments of its true happiness. An incredibly romantic picture appears before the viewer, which sounds like a lyrical song.
It is important that the sky is not just the background of the picture. There is an irresistible feeling that the clouds are the most expressive part of this grandiose landscape.
The space is covered on such a large scale that a truly panorama is created. The clouds are moving, amplifying this incredible latitude.
All colors of the picture are unusually bright and pure. Clouds are far from just white. They are slightly purple and slightly yellowish where they are illuminated by the rays of the sun.
Task number 4
I love the autumn forest so much, Oh, rural views! Oh, wonderful happiness to be born
Above him the radiance of heaven In the meadows, like an angel, under the dome blue skies!
That I would like to turn I'm afraid, I'm afraid, like a free strong bird,
Or into a crimson quiet leaf, Break your wings and see no more miracles!
Or in the rainy autumn whistle ...
Task number 5
red
yellow
Orange -
green
blue
violet
Reflection
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"Worksheet"
Option 1
Worksheet _____________________________
Topic:___________________________________________________________________________
Task number 1 Crossword.
A genre of fine art that depicts the face or figure of a person.
Public institution for the storage of works of art.
Art, the medium of which is sound.
The art of designing and building buildings and structures.
A type of art that is created using brushes and paints.
Task number 2Write your answer in a diagram.
What does a person get from nature?
Task number 3Artistic text.
Underline the words or phrases that will help answer the question.
(See textbook p.25)
A.K. Savrasov “The Rooks Have Arrived.” The motif of the picture is unpretentious and simple. With simple visual means, the artist showed the miracle of the awakening of nature, the enchanting appeal of early spring.
The canvas depicts the outskirts of a small village. Cloudy spring day. The air is quiet, transparent and fresh. Light fluffy clouds float across the grayish sky. The snow has not completely melted yet, warm steam is coming from the ground.
Behind the wooden fence - peasant huts, a church and a bell tower with a shabby roof, and even further - arable land with white spots of unmelted snow. On the outskirts of the village, on a hill, there are several gnarled birch trees. Among their bare branches, fussing and clamoring, rooks fly - weave new nests, renew old ones ...
The painting "The Rooks Have Arrived" is executed in pastel, muted colors. Everything in the picture - both brown thawed patches in the snow, and gray smoke smoking over the roof of a peasant hut, and wet trunks of crooked birches - is filled with endless lyricism and poetry. The person who created this picture, of course, not only loved nature - he understood its secret language. With amazing clarity, its barely perceptible state, familiar to the heart of every person, is conveyed - the state of renewal inherent in early spring. And the rooks in the picture are like messengers of spring renewal.
Task number 4Pick up reproductions of paintings by artists to N. Rubtsov's poems. Justify your choice.
I love it when birch trees rustle, I love your huts and flowers
When the leaves fall from the birches And the skies are burning with heat
I listen, and tears come And the whisper of willows by the muddy water
On the eyes, weaned from tears ... I love for a century, until eternal rest ...
Task number 5Express in colors the mood conveyed in the music of P.I. Tchaikovsky "The Seasons"
The action of colors is also determined by the associations that colors cause. AT fine arts it is considered that:
red- warming, revitalizing, active, energetic;
yellow- warm, invigorating, cheerful, attractive;
Orange -cheerful, joyful, fiery, kind;
green- calm, pleasant and peaceful mood;
blue- serious, sad, sentimental, dreary, calm;
violet- nice, full of life, melancholy, sadness.
ReflectionFinish some of the sentences.
The most interesting lesson today was _____________________________________
The most difficult thing for me today was _______________________________________
Today I understood
Today I have learned _________________________________________________________
Today I was thinking
For the future, I need to keep in mind
View presentation content
"LESSON"
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Theme: Landscape - poetic and musical painting.
Objectives: to give an idea of the landscape genre in different types arts (painting, music); formation of skills and abilities in the analysis of works of art; development of visual competence of students on the basis of works of painting, music; fostering interest in the arts.
Formation of UUD: personal - the development of an emotional and conscious attitude to nature through acquaintance with artistic images who embody it; cognitive - the desire to obtain new knowledge, sensual sensations about the beauty of the surrounding nature; communicative - the ability to enter into a dialogue with the creators artistic landscapes, express their attitude to their content in meaningful speech utterances, regulatory - self-regulation of efforts, volitional qualities in the performance of educational tasks, the search for ways to achieve the quality of work; subject - search and preservation of information necessary for mastering the topic of the lesson.
During the classes:
Org. moment.
Setting lesson goals.
Today in the lesson we will consider the genre of landscape in different types of art, analyze works of a pictorial, musical, literary nature and find out what is the role of landscape in works various kinds arts.
III. Formation of new knowledge.
1. Let's remember with you what a landscape is? (image of nature).
What kind of landscape do you remember? (urban, rural, marina, landscape in a portrait, etc.)
For a long time, the unpretentious beauty of the Central Russian strip did not attract the attention of Russian artists. Boring, monotonous flat landscapes, gray skies, spring thaws or summer grass withered from the heat ...
- What is poetic about this?
Russian artists of the XIX century. A. Savrasov, I. Levitan, I. Shishkin and others discovered the beauty of their native land. People, as if for the first time saw in their paintings both the transparent spring air, and the birch trees filled with spring juice; heard cheerful, full of hope, joyful chirping of birds. And the sky does not seem so gray and bleak, and the spring mud amuses, pleases the eye. Here, it turns out, what Russian nature is like - gentle, thoughtful, touching!
Thanks to the pictureAlexei Kondratievich Savrasov(1830-1897) “The Rooks Have Arrived” Russian artists felt the songliness of Russian nature, and Russian composers felt the landscape of Russian folk songs.
Let's take a look at Savrasov's paintings “The Rooks Have Arrived” and Levitan's “Spring. big water”, “Above the eternal rest”, “Lake. Rus".
Let's listen to a musical fragment from Vivaldi's "Summer".
What summer are you imagining?
With the help of what musical means did the author depict summer (intonation, rhythm, form, etc.)
Let's compare the piece of music and Levitan's paintings “Above Eternal Peace”, “Lake. Rus".
What means artistic expressiveness used by artists (color, rhythm, chiaroscuro,
etc.)?
And now consider the foreign fine arts of the 20th century. (The appearance of the direction "impressionism" is an impression).
Impressionist artists tried to capture fleeting impressions of reality in their paintings. existing world.
An instructive and even funny story happened to the painting "Westminster Abbey" by a French impressionist artistClaude Monet(1840-1926).
Londoners, accustomed to the fog, knew exactly its color - gray. And how amazed and even outraged they were when they saw a painting by Monet at the exhibition. On it, they found that the fog that blurs the outlines of the castle has a crimson hue! When people went out into the street, they found, to their surprise, that the fog was actually crimson! Indeed, depending on the weather, time of day, refraction of the sun's rays, the fog can acquire a very different color. But it was the artist who noticed and discovered this feature for everyone.
Let's look at the landscapes of the Impressionist painters. Tell me how the features of color, color, rhythm, composition help to create various images of nature captured on these canvases. (student answers).
How do you understand the words of the Russian poet I. Bunin?
No, it's not the landscape that attracts me,
The greedy gaze will not notice the colors,
And what shines in these colors:
Love and Joy.
2. Work on the textbook (p. 24-25).
Name Russian artists known to you who were attracted by the unpretentious beauty of the Central Russian strip. (A.K.Savrasov, I.I. Levitan, I.I. Shishkin)
What kind of Russian nature did people see in their paintings? (transparent spring air; birches filled with spring sap; heard the joyful chirping of birds; the sky is not so gray; spring mud pleasing to the eye; Russian nature is tender, thoughtful, touching)
Name famous paintings Alexei Kondratievich Savrasov. (“The Rooks Have Arrived”, “Spring. Kitchen Gardens”, “Oaks”, “ Winter night”,“ Steppe in the afternoon ”,“ summer landscape”, “Winter”, “Elk Island in Sokolniki”, “Spring”)
What does the word "impressionism" mean? ("impression")
What is the main principle of the Impressionist painters. (fix fleeting impressions of the real world)
What funny story happened to the painting by Claude Monet "Westminster Abbey" ("Houses of Parliament in London")? (thanks to the painting Me, people discovered that depending on the weather, the time of day, the refraction of the sun's rays, the London fog can take on a variety of colors)
Name famous paintings by Claude Monet. ("Water lilies", "Rouen Cathedral", "Waterloo Bridge")
IV. Checking homework.
one). Answers on questions:
1. What did A.S. Pushkin call art? (“a magic crystal”, through the facets of which the people around us, objects, phenomena of everyday life are seen in a new way)
2. What do people of art strive to embody at all times? (various phenomena of nature, their vision of the world through feelings and experiences)
3. What is a landscape? (translated from French - view, image of any area; this is a genre of depicting nature)
4. How do you understand the words of Antoine de Saint-Exupery “You can’t see the most important thing with your eyes, only the heart is vigilant”
5. Read with expression, using musical intonations in your voice, a poem by Nikolai Ivanovich Rylenkov “Everything is in a melting haze.”
6. Find in the text "Unknown Friend" by Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin the verbal expressions of the landscape. (sunny-dewy morning; undiscovered earth; unknown layer of heaven; morning is the only one; spring songs; calm places; dampness of black shadows, etc.)
2). Protection of reports on the topic of the lesson.
v. Summary of the lesson.
Homework:practical work: depict your landscape (you can based on what you heard and saw)
Landscape - poetic and musical painting
Lesson content lesson summary support frame lesson presentation accelerative methods interactive technologies Practice tasks and exercises self-examination workshops, trainings, cases, quests homework discussion questions rhetorical questions from students Illustrations audio, video clips and multimedia photographs, pictures graphics, tables, schemes humor, anecdotes, jokes, comics parables, sayings, crossword puzzles, quotes Add-ons abstracts articles chips for inquisitive cheat sheets textbooks basic and additional glossary of terms other Improving textbooks and lessonscorrecting errors in the textbook updating a fragment in the textbook elements of innovation in the lesson replacing obsolete knowledge with new ones Only for teachers perfect lessons calendar plan for a year guidelines discussion programs Integrated Lessonsslide 1
slide 2
A. Pushkin called art a “magic crystal”, through the facets of which the people around us, objects and phenomena of everyday life are seen in a new way. Ivan Shishkin In the wild north
slide 3
At all times, painters, composers and writers embody in their works various natural phenomena that excited them. Boris Kustodiev. Autumn. 1915 Camille Pissarro Orchard in Pontoise Ivan Shishkin Forest distances
slide 4
Thanks to works of art - literary, musical, pictorial - nature appears before readers, listeners, spectators is always different: majestic, sad, tender, jubilant, mourning, touching. Ivan Aivazovsky Storm on the North Sea. 1865 Boris Kustodiev Winter. 1916 Mikhail Vrubel Lilac. 1900
slide 5
All in a melting haze: Hills, copses. Here the colors are not bright And the sounds are not harsh. Here the rivers are slow, The lakes are foggy, And everything escapes From a cursory glance. It's not enough to see here, Here you need to look closely, So that the heart is filled with clear love. It's not enough to hear here, Here you need to listen carefully, So that consonances flood into the soul together. So that Transparent waters suddenly reflect All the charm of shy Russian nature. N. Rylenkov Read the poem aloud. Find the right intonation, tempo, voice dynamics to convey the emotional state reflected in this work.
slide 6
A. Savrasov. The Rooks Have Arrived. I. Levitan. Lake. Russia Russian artists of the XIX century. A. Savrasov, I. Levitan, I. Shishkin and others discovered the beauty of their native land.
Slide 7
C. Monet. Westminster Abbey C. Monet. Reims Cathedral at sunrise In the XX century. in foreign fine arts, a direction arose, which was called "impressionism" (from the French impression - impression). Impressionist artists tried to capture fleeting impressions of the real world in their paintings.
Slide 8
Thin, like candles, girlishly slender birch trees look like the very ones that have been sung from time immemorial in Russian songs. The reflection of the birch trees in the clear water, as it were, constitutes their continuation, their echo, melodic echo, they dissolve in the water with their roots, their pink branches merge with the blueness of the sky. The contours of these bent birch trees sound like a gentle and sadly mournful flute, separate voices of more powerful trunks break out of this choir, all of them are opposed by a tall pine trunk and dense green spruce. M. Alpatov about the painting by I. Levitan. Spring. big water
Slide 9
Why did a simple Russian landscape, why a walk in the summer in Russia, in the countryside, through the fields, through the forest, in the evening in the steppe, used to lead me to such a state that I lay down on the ground in some kind of exhaustion from the influx of love for nature, those inexplicably sweet and intoxicating impressions that the forest, the steppe, the river, the distant village, the modest church, in a word, everything that made up the wretched Russian native landscape brought over me? Why all this? P. Tchaikovsky I. Levitan. Over eternal rest.
slide 10
Listen to snippets program works A. Vivaldi and P. Tchaikovsky. What feelings does this music evoke in you? Find similarities and differences in them means of expression which convey the attitude of composers to nature. What distinguishes Russian music from Italian? What visual, literary associations do you get under the impression of these works? Match the lyrics to the music.
Art tells about the beauty of the Earth.
Landscape in music, literature, painting.
A. Pushkin called art a "magic crystal", through the facets
which people around us, objects and phenomena are seen in a new way
habitual life.
At all times, painters, composers and writers embody in their works various natural phenomena that excited them. Through the feelings and experiences that arise in them when they perceive the majestic sea or mysterious stars, endless plains or the smooth bend of a river, they convey their vision of the world.
Thanks to works of art - literary, musical, pictorial - nature appears before readers, listeners, spectators is always different: majestic, sad, tender, jubilant, mourning, touching. These images continue to attract a person, touching the finest strings of his soul, help to touch the unique beauty of his native nature, to see the unusual in what is familiar and everyday, give everyone the opportunity to develop a sense of belonging to their native land, to their father's house.
Landscape (French paysage - view, image of any area) is a genre, dedicated image nature. in European art as independent genre the landscape stood out in the 17th century.
Landscape - poetic and musical painting
History of the development of landscape in Russian painting
Venetsianov and his students were the first to turn in their work to the Russian landscape.
Under blue skies
splendid carpets,
Snow shines in the sun.
The transparent forest alone turns black,
And the spruce turns green through the frost,
And the river under the ice glitters.
A.S. Pushkin. ("Winter morning")
Slide 1 "Winter" Nikifor Krylov. (1802-1831)
Nikifor Krylov wrote his painting "Winter" in 1827. It was the first Russian winter landscape.
Krylov wrote the landscape, seen from the window of the workshop, within a month. The outskirts of the village appear before the eyes, the inhabitants are busy with their daily foreground a woman with a yoke carries full buckets of water, a man leads a horse by the bridle towards her, behind a woman with a yoke are two other women who stopped to talk. In the distance you can see the forest, and beyond it the endless plain. Around the white snow, bare trees. The author masterfully captured the atmosphere of the Russian winter. Such a surprisingly sincere and simple winter landscape is a rare occurrence in Russian painting of the first half of XIX century. The painting was first presented at an exhibition at the Academy of Arts, where it was well received by contemporaries, who noted "charmingly grasped winter lighting, nebula gave and all the differences of a cold that is well remembered."
The landscapes of Grigory Soroka, the beloved student of Venetsianov, are captivating and sad. And I'm afraid to break this silence. As if waking up, nature will lose irretrievable kindness and bliss and peace. Grigory Sorokin - the serf of the landowner Milyukov.Grigory Vasilyevich Soroka (1823-1864)Grigory Vasilievich Soroka is a student of A.G. Venetsianov, one of the most talented and beloved. A serf of the Tver landowner N.P. Milyukov, a neighbor and good friend of A.G. Venetsianov. Taken by the master to his household in the Ostrovki estate, Soroka, apparently, was noticed by the artist there, and, with the permission of Milyukov, the master took him to his village of Safonkovo. Like all students of Venetsianov, Soroka works mainly from nature, draws a lot, paints landscapes, portraits, interiors. A.G. Venetsianov tried to redeem him from captivity, but did not have time because of his tragic death. After his death, Grigory Vasilyevich Soroka committed suicide.
And only almost a quarter of a century later, an artist was destined to appear in Russian art, about whom the poet could say: “With nature alone, he breathed life, by the stream he understood babble, and he understood and heard the vegetative vegetation of the leaves of trees ...” Savrasov. He tried to find in the most simple, ordinary, those intimate, deeply touching, often sad features that are so strongly felt in the Russian landscape and so irresistibly affect the soul.
In 1871, Savrasov created his famous masterpiece - the painting “The Rooks Have Arrived” (Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow). He painted it from nature in the village of Molvitino, Kostroma province. The artist loved to depict spring, and in this picture he managed to subtly and convincingly show its first signs: darkened March snow, melt water, air saturated with spring moisture, a sky covered with dark clouds, birds fussing over their nests. Every detail of the landscape expresses sharp feeling waiting for spring. This is probably why the picture is so fond of the Russian audience, the harsh and long winter, looking forward to the arrival of spring and its first heralds - rooks.
The painting shown on the movable art exhibition has attracted the attention of many. The well-known art historian Alexandre Benois called it a guiding star for a whole generation of 19th-century landscape masters. I.N. Kramskoy, who saw the canvas at the exhibition, spoke of him like this: “Savrasov's landscape is the best, and it is really beautiful, although Bogolyubov ... and Shishkin are right there. But all these are trees, water and even air, and the soul is only in “Rooks”.
People, as if for the first time saw in their paintings both the transparent spring air, and the birch trees filled with spring juice; heard cheerful, full of hope, joyful chirping of birds. And the sky does not seem so gray and bleak, and the spring mud amuses, pleases the eye. Here, it turns out, what Russian nature is like - gentle, thoughtful, touching! Thanks to the picture Alexei Kondratievich Savrasov(1830-1897) “The Rooks Have Arrived” Russian artists felt the songliness of Russian nature, and Russian composers felt the landscape of Russian folk songs.
The landscape of Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin “In the wild north ...” was written in 1891 to the motive of M. Yu. Lermontov’s poem “Pine”. The work is done on canvas with oil. This work is kept in the Kiev Museum of Russian Art. On the canvas, we see a pine tree, which stands on the edge of a cliff and is ready to fall at any moment under the weight of snow, which flakes stuck around its branches-arms. The top of the pine tree looks like the head of an eagle, which is about to fall off, flap its wings and relieve itself from the unbearable burden with relief. The gloomy dark blue sky is permeated with anxiety. The middle of the pine, closer to the trunk, looks like a skeleton that has lost its flesh-leaf during the winter. This work is saturated with the spirit of loneliness and cold.
Read the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "In the wild north stands alone"
Stands alone in the wild north
On the bare top of a pine tree,
And dozing, swaying, and loose snow
She is dressed like a robe.
And she dreams of everything that is in the distant desert,
In the region where the sun rises
Alone and sad on a rock with fuel
A beautiful palm tree is growing.
In general, oak is one of the favorite trees of the landscape painter, who tirelessly portrayed these magnificent titans created by unpredictable nature. On this canvas, Shishkin's oaks are magnificent heroes of the forest epic, widely spread mighty branches-paws. The trees are illuminated by the rays of the sun, which is about to leave the sky soon. The time of day depicted in the picture is evening. However, Shishkin masterfully emphasizes the unusual play of the luminary on the mighty trunks of oaks.
Contemporaries called Shishkin "the patriarch of the forest", and these words very accurately conveyed the artist's attitude to nature and art. The forest, which the painter loved selflessly, became the main character of his paintings. Shishkin did not just write nature: he, as a scientist, explored it. The master never tired of repeating to his students: “You can never put an end to the study of nature, you can’t say that you have learned it completely and that you don’t need to study anymore.” Shishkin was the first Russian painter of the 19th century to understand the importance and significance of natural studies. He perfectly knew the forest, the structure of each tree and plant.
“If pictures of the nature of our dear Russia are dear to us, if we want to find our own, truly folk ways, to depict her sincere appearance, then these paths also lie through your mighty forests full of unique poetry.” - This is how Viktor Vasnetsov wrote to the landscape painter Ivan Shishkin.
“This boy will show himself yet, no one, and he himself, including, have no idea about the possibilities hidden in him.” - These are the words of the artist Kramskoy about the Russian artist Fyodor Vasiliev. Vasiliev lived only 23 years, but how much he managed to do. His excited brush told people so much about the greatness and mystery of nature.
Painting " Birch Grove» (1879). In the foreground, not whole trees are depicted, but only flexible white trunks. Behind them - the silhouettes of bushes and trees, and around - the emerald green of the swamp with a clearing full of dark water.
The gift of color sensations is a kind of luxury that elevates a person ”- this statement of the scientist Petrashevsky can be fully attributed to the work of Kuindzhi.
“The illusion of light was his God, and there was no artist equal to him in achieving this miracle of painting. Kuindzhi is an artist of light,” Repin wrote in 1913.
A contemporary of A. Savrasov and I. Shishkin, he brought the magic of light into the landscape. The world of nature on his canvases is like a fairy-tale palace, where a person is visited by beautiful and eternal dreams.
The unpretentious beauty of the Central Russian strip did not attract the attention of artists for a long time. Boring, monotonous flat landscapes, gray
the sky, spring thaw or summer grass withered from the heat ... What is poetic in this?
Russian artists of the XIX century. A. Savrasov, I. Levitan, I. Shishkin and others discovered the beauty of their native land.
Levitan's paintings require a slow examination. They do not stun the eye, they are modest and precise, like Chekhov's stories. So few notes and so much music. The great poet of nature, Levitan, fully felt the inexplicable charm of the Russian landscape, and in his paintings he managed to convey love for the Motherland, not embellished with anything, beautiful in its immediacy.
The canvas “Fresh wind. Volga” (1895, Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow). Free wind covers the water with light ripples, fills the sails, drives light clouds across the sky. With the help of sonorous, fresh colors, the master conveys the dazzling whiteness of the steamer and clouds slightly gilded by the sun, the bright blueness of the sky and the river.
In "Quiet Abode" the artist managed to freshly and emotionally show a generalized image of nature. The same motif of the temple, reflected in the calm and clear river water, Levitan repeated in the painting “Evening Bells” (1892, Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow).
Levitan is recognized as one of the most subtle and soulful landscape painters. With the work of Levitan, the concept of "mood landscape" entered Russian painting. The ability to objectively convey the beauty of nature in all its variety of changing manifestations and at the same time express the state through the landscape human soul, her subtlest experiences were the precious qualities of the talent of the artist. The picture permeated with a jubilant mood " gold autumn” is a kind of farewell hymn to the last flowering of nature: the extraordinary brightness of colors, the “burning” of birch gold, the multicolored cover of the earth. Written with brilliant skill, the landscape is distinguished by a complex color scheme, a variety of picturesque surfaces, on which textured colorful strokes stand out.
Probably, it is about the paintings “Golden Autumn” and “Fresh Wind. Volga” Grabar wrote: “... They instilled courage and faith in us, they infected and lifted. I wanted to live and work.”
But Levitan has few such life-affirming and joyful landscapes.
The canvas “Spring. Big Water” (1897, Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow). The coloring of the picture is very harmonious. With the help of the finest color nuances, the artist conveys the fresh charm of the coming spring. Thin tree trunks are permeated with dim sunlight. Their fragility and grace emphasize clear reflections in the water. This emotional and penetrating picture of nature conveys the depth of human feelings and experiences. The presence of a person is reminded by a lonely boat near the shore and modest peasant houses on the horizon.
Ples is a small provincial town on the banks of the Volga, where Levitan worked for three years (1888-1890). Here Levitan first found those motives and plots that later immortalized his name, and, at the same time, the name of Plyos. Golden Ples is one of the masterpieces created by Levitan at this time. The feeling of peaceful silence, the soft glow of sunset light, the gentle haze of fog floating over a sleeping river are conveyed with amazing sensitivity in this canvas... his blows. Part of the white stone house with a red roof was filmed by Levitan for some time.
A philosophical warehouse and a dramatic inner world artist, his reflections on the frailty of human existence in the face of eternity.
Painting by Levitan Lake (Rus)(1895, State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg) - last big picture artist, on which he worked for a long time and with inspiration. Perhaps, not for one of the works, he did not make so many preparatory sketches and sketches. It is known that during the creation lakes the artist traveled more than once to study sketches in the Tver province, in places that once served as nature for the picture Above eternal rest. But compared to the last lake not mournful, but solemnly major music of nature is heard. Lake makes a strong impression with its bright, festive sound, “chime”, uniting the high blue sky, across which snow-white clouds float, and the wonderful expanse of the blue lake, near the near shore of which the reeds excited by the fresh wind turn green, and on the far shores one can see villages and raising heads to sky white temples and bell towers.
Wonderful day, centuries will pass
They will also be in eternal order
Flowing and sparkling river
And the fields breathe in the heat.
Fedor Tyutchev
Read words of the Russian poet I. Bunin.
No, it's not the landscape that attracts me,
The greedy gaze will not notice the colors,
And what shines in these colors:
Love and joy of being.
How do you understandwords of the Russian poet I. Bunin?
statement French writer A. de Saint-Exupery: “You can’t see the most important thing with your eyes, only the heart is vigilant.”
Quest: about explain the meaning?
burn in a creative notebook in prosaic or poetic form, the impression of some natural phenomenon that struck you with its beauty.
Pick up pieces of music that are in tune with the paintings of Russian artists. What artistic associations arise in your imagination?
Listen to music:
S.I. Taneyev "Pine" on lyrics by Y. Lermontov.
“You are my field” is a Russian folk song.
It is necessary to analyze, compare with the literary text and paintings of artists.
Literary pages
Listen to poems about nature:Native. D. Merezhkovsky
Autumn evening. F. Tyutchev.
Read aloud two literary works written in the 20th century, find intonations, tempo, voice dynamics to convey the emotional state reflected in these works.
All in a melting haze
|
All in a melting haze: Hills, copses. Here the colors are not bright And the sounds are not harsh. Here the rivers are slow misty lakes, And everything slips away From a glance. There is little to see here Here you need to look So that with clear love The heart was filled. |
Little to hear here Here you need to listen So that consonance in the soul They surged together. To suddenly reflect clear waters All the charm of the shy Russian nature. |
N. Rylenkov
To an unknown friend
Sunny - dewy this morning, like an undiscovered earth, an unknown layer of heaven, such a unique morning, no one has risen yet, no one has seen anything, and you yourself see for the first time. Nightingales sing their spring songs, dandelions are still preserved in quiet places, and, perhaps, in the dampness of a black shadow, a lily of the valley turns white. Lively summer birds came to help the nightingales.<…>Everywhere the restless chirping of thrushes, and the woodpecker was very tired of looking for live food for his little ones, sat down far from them on a bough just to rest.
Get up, my friend! Collect the rays of your happiness in a bundle, be bold, start the fight, help the sun! Listen, and the cuckoo has come to help you. Look, the harrier swims over the water: this is not an ordinary harrier, this morning it is the first and only, and now the magpies, sparkling with dew, came out onto the path<…>. This morning is the only one, not a single person has ever seen it on the entire globe: only you and your unknown friend see it.
And for tens of thousands of years people have lived on earth, saving up, passing each other joy, so that you come, pick it up, gather its arrows into bundles and rejoice. Be bold, dare!
And again the soul will expand: firs, birches, - and I can’t take my eyes off the green candles on the pines and on the young red cones on the firs. Christmas trees, birches, how good!
M. Prishvin
Answer the questions;
* What thoughts of the poet and writer, revealing the secrets of native Russian nature, help to feel its beauty? Highlight key words in these texts that are important to you.
What paintings do you associate with these literary images?
Pick up reproductions of landscapes by Russian artists that are in tune with them.
Artistic and creative tasks
Prepare computer presentation on the topic "Landscape in literature, music, painting." Justify your choice of artwork.
Imagine yourself as a sound engineer, pick up the musical compositions familiar to you, which can be used to voice the literary works presented above. Read them to this music.
Listen to music:
Autumn. G. Sviridov;
The legend of the invisible city of Kitezh. Introduction;
Answer the question: Which of these musical works voices a poem about the nature of F. Tyutchev?
Remember music lessons. Listen again to the music of Valery Gavrilin. Is it consonant with the paintings of I. Levitan?
Visible music
Listeners all over the world know and love the masterpieces of musical classics - "The Seasons" - a series of concerts by the Italian composer XVIII
in. Antonio Vivaldi(1678-1741) and a cycle of Russian piano pieces
19th century composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky(1840-1893). Both essays are program music: have names and are accompanied by poetic lines - sonnets of the composer himself in Vivaldi concertos and Russian poems poets for each of the 12 plays of the cycle Tchaikovsky.
A. Vivaldi "Seasons" for string orchestra.
Spring is coming! And joyful song Shepherd's bagpipe sound |
P.I. Tchaikovsky "The Seasons" - cycle for piano
12 plays - 12 pictures from the Russian life of Tchaikovsky received epigraphs from the poems of Russian poets during the publication:
And do not rush after the three
And sad anxiety in my heart
Shut it down forever."
N.A. Nekrasov
"Christmas". December:
Once a Epiphany Eve
The girls guessed
Behind the gate slipper
They took it off their feet and threw it."
V.A. Zhukovsky
"Snowdrop". April Listen
"Dove clean
Snowdrop: flower,
And near the see-through
Last snow.
Last tears
About the grief of the past
And the first dreams
About other happiness ... "
A.N. Maikov
"White Nights". May Listen
"What a night! What bliss is on everything!
Thank you, native midnight land!
From the realm of ice, from the realm of blizzards and snow
How fresh and clean your May flies out!
A.A. Fet
"Barcarolle". June Listen
"Let's go to the shore, there are waves
Our feet will kiss,
Stars with mysterious sadness
They will shine over us
A.N. Pleshcheev
"Song of the mower". July:
"Shut up, shoulder. Swing your arm!
You smell in the face, Wind from noon!
A.V. Koltsov
"Harvest". August:
"People families
Started to reap
Mow at the root
Rye high!
In shocks frequent
Sheaves are stacked.
From wagons all night
Music hides."
A.V. Koltsov
"Hunting". September:
"It's time, it's time! The horns blow:
Psari in hunting gear
Than the world is sitting on horseback;
Greyhounds jump on packs."
A.S. Pushkin
In Russian landscapes-moods - poetic, pictorial and musical - images of nature, thanks to the amazing songlike intonations, melodies lasting like an endless song, like the melody of a lark, convey the lyrical desire of the human soul for beauty, help people to better understand the poetic content of nature sketches.
These are the words he described his impressions of the painting by I. Levitan
"Spring. Big Water ", a connoisseur of Russian painting M. Alpatov:
Thin, like candles, girlishly slender birch trees look like the very ones that have been sung from time immemorial in Russian songs. The reflection of the birch trees in the clear water, as it were, constitutes their continuation, their echo,
melodic echo, they dissolve in the water with their roots, their pink branches merge with the blueness of the sky. The contours of these bent birch trees sound like a gentle and sadly mournful flute, separate voices of more powerful trunks break out of this choir, all of them are opposed by a tall pine trunk and dense green spruce.
Pay attention to the epithets in the description of the picture. Why did the author use musical comparisons?
I can imagine what a delight we now have in Russia - the rivers have overflowed, everything comes to life. There is no better country than Russia... Only in Russia can there be a real landscape painter.
I. Levitan
Why did a simple Russian landscape, why a walk in the summer in Russia, in the countryside, through the fields, through the forest, in the evening in the steppe, used to lead me to such a state that I lay down on the ground in some kind of exhaustion from the influx of love for nature, those inexplicably sweet and intoxicating impressions that a forest, a steppe, a river, a village in the distance, a modestthe church, in a word, everything that made up the miserable Russian native landscape? Why all this?
P. Tchaikovsky
What attracts composers and artists in Russian nature?
Complete a task of your choice
Listen to fragments of program works by A. Vivaldi and P. Tchaikovsky. What feelings does this music evoke in you?
Find in them similar and different features, expressive means that convey the attitude of composers to nature. What distinguishes Russian music from Italian?
What visual, literary associations do you get under the impression of these works? Match the lyrics to the music.
Listen to modern arrangements classical works drawing nature. What's New contemporary performers in the interpretation of familiar melodies?
Artistic and creative task
Pick up reproductions of landscape paintings. Write in a creative notebook short story about one of the paintings, find musical and literary examples for it.
Musical works: P.I. Tchaikovsky cycle of piano pieces "Seasons"; A.Vivaldi. Concert for string instruments"Seasons"; (fragments).