1. The image of the mother in literature.
2. Sons love Nekrasov.
3. Generalized image of the mother.

You will live in human memory, As long as my lyre is capable of living in it.
N. A. Nekrasov

The image of the mother is one of the most revered in world literature. Russian prose writers and poets also paid tribute to his embodiment. But by the middle of the 19th century, he was not very common in Russian literature, and before N. A. Nekrasov, almost no one wrote about his mother with such warmth and love. Usually the image of the mother was mentioned in passing or appeared somewhere in the background, and his presence was limited to family duties. The only exception is the Cossack lullaby by M. Yu. Lermontov. In it, the mother opens the world for her son, in which she sees him as a warrior and hero. The poet speaks in this song about the eternal destiny of a mother to languish in longing, to wait and pray for her son.

The image of the mother received a more complete and touching embodiment in the work of Nekrasov. Not many testimonies about the relationship with the mother of the poet himself have come down to us. But they all say that Nekrasov was connected with his mother by a feeling of deep affection and love. He sympathized with her suffering share, her hard life with a harsh husband, and always remembered her with great warmth and tenderness.

Mother, apparently, was the recipient of his first literary experiments. The first poems written at the age of seven, Nekrasov, by his own admission, "dedicated to his mother on her name day." He yearned for her during the years of study at the Yaroslavl gymnasium and later in St. Petersburg, during the years of difficult independent life, he kept her bright image in his heart. Nekrasov was convinced that it was his mother who had a decisive influence on the formation of his personality, his poetic and human conscience:

Do not be shy before the truth-queen
You taught my muse.

In the poem "Knight for an Hour", while waiting for his imminent death, he calls on his deceased mother to come to him:

So that that free, proud force,
What did you put in my chest,
You strengthened with a strong will
And put the path on the right ...

In different poems, the poet repeatedly draws her portrait. Portrait of a sufferer with a quiet voice, pallor, a sad look and tears in her eyes. This is a touching portrait of a kind and meek woman who “stood under a thunderstorm” all her life:

With an unearthly expression in your eyes,
Russo-haired, blue-eyed,
With quiet sadness on pale lips
Before the storm majestically - silent ...

But for all her outward weakness, the mother in the image of Nekrasov is endowed with extraordinary stamina and inner strength. She not only protects her children from arbitrariness with her breasts, but also sets an example of humanity for them, in her difficult lot finding warmth and words of comfort for all those who suffer:

But once again, the feeling of fear did not squeeze
His souls - you gave it to the slaves -
But once again from awe and dust
He raised his gaze more cheerfully to the heavens ...

And when a thunderstorm broke over her herself, she, without flinching, took the blow, with courage and humility, worrying only about the future of her children:

You, without flinching, took the blow,
For enemies, dying, prayed,
The mercy of God called on the children.

In the works of Nekrasov, we see images of mothers who are at different levels of the social ladder. Princess Volkonskaya is the wife of a Decembrist exiled to Siberia and mother. Her son was born when her husband was already in prison. The princess is going through a painful struggle between the duty of a wife and the duty of a mother. Despite the resistance of her relatives, the condemnation of society, power and law, she decides to follow her husband. But this means not only her rejection of everything she was used to - the rejection of the rights of the nobility, but also the renunciation of a son whom she may never see again. It is not without internal hesitation that a woman-mother decides to take such a step. It is not easy for her to agree to separation from her son. But in the end, she comes to the conclusion that as an adult, her son will understand and justify her. Moreover, she believes that if she doesn’t go to the one who needs her more now, her son will eventually, having figured out the situation, despise her for depriving her father of consolation:

Why didn't you follow your poor father?
And the word of reproach will throw me.

According to the poet, the mother serves as a high moral example for her son, and thus, even without being next to him, she conveys to him all the best that is in herself.

The peasant mother Grusha from the poem "On the Road" is the same example. The unfortunate woman, by the will of the master, brought up as a young lady, taught to read and write, play the piano and other "noble manners and things", by the will of the new master, became the wife of a peasant and was doomed to a hard and joyless peasant life. But she can no longer return to her former way of life. The heroine is not accustomed to hard work, she is uncomfortable in peasant clothes and the trampling of all her spiritual needs is unbearable. Her husband, a kind-hearted person, deeply sympathizes with his wife (and almost never beats him!), but can do nothing to alleviate her lot. The only consolation for Grusha is her son, whom she not only does not beat herself and does not allow her husband to beat, but also instills in him the acquired skills and knowledge:

Teaches literacy, washes, cuts,
Like a barchenka, she scratches every day.
It doesn’t beat, it won’t let me beat.
Yes, the shot will amuse for a short time.

We see images of peasant mothers in many of Nekrasov's works. This is the nameless young woman from the poem “The village suffering is in full swing”, and the stately worker Daria from the poem “Frost, Red Nose”, and female images from the poem “Who Lives Well in Russia” - Domna, Mitenka's mother, Matryona Korchagina. All of them are disenfranchised and crushed by a heavy female lot, which, according to Nekrasov, is difficult to find, nevertheless they amaze with their high moral qualities, spiritual strength, and most importantly, the strength of maternal love. Nekrasov considered a mother's love for her child to be the only, truly sincere, pure and devoted love.

Only a mother, in his deep conviction, will never betray and forget her child in case of misfortune. As long as she lives, her pain will never subside and her tears will never dry. In a small, but surprisingly capacious and significant in depth and strength, the poem "Listening to the horrors of war ...", the poet reflects on the death of a soldier in battle and the suffering that this death causes to loved ones. The poet, who lost her son in the war, evokes the greatest sympathy from the poet:

Listening to the horrors of war

With each new victim of the battle

I feel sorry for not a friend, not a wife,

I feel sorry for not the hero himself.

The poet is most sorry for his mother. Because it is for her that the death of her son is the greatest tragedy. Friends and wives, no matter how great their grief, sooner or later will be comforted and forgotten. And only one person in the world "one soul", "until the grave" will remember and mourn for the deceased. A mother's tears are the only truly sincere tears. Nekrasov poetically compares the appearance of a grieving mother with the appearance of a weeping willow:

Among our hypocritical deeds
And all vulgarity and prose,
Alone I spied in the world
Holy sincere tears -
Those are the tears of poor mothers!
They can't forget their children
Those who died in the bloody field,
How not to raise a weeping willow
Of their drooping branches.

From the pages of various works by Nekrasov, a generalized portrait of the mother of an entire nation rises, a majestic and steadfast worker, a long-suffering sufferer, selflessly devoted to her children and ready for any sacrifice for them.

My work is devoted to the most, in my opinion, the topical topic of our time - the topic of mothers and motherhood. In this work, I would like to analyze the current situation in Russia through the prism of myths, legends, literary monuments and works of art, which in one way or another affect the problems of motherhood. I will try to evaluate the changes that have taken place over the centuries in relation to motherhood. After all, it is no longer news to anyone that now even the very concept of “motherhood” is treated differently than, say, in the 19th century or even in the 50s of the 20th century. The change of priorities is so rapid that it becomes scary, but what will happen next? Therefore, I chose this topic among many, many other interesting and deep topics in their own way.

The image of the Mother in Orthodoxy. Icons.

The image of a woman-mother is glorified in numerous works of literature and art, reverently embodied in wondrous icons. I would like to dwell on the latter in more detail, since for me this topic is closer than all the others. The history of Orthodoxy, Christianity has more than two thousand years, and therefore it is not surprising that its cultural heritage is so rich. It is possible to list monuments of literature, architecture and icon painting for a very long time, but this is not necessary now.

Based on the specifics of the work, I immediately singled out for myself a certain area of ​​​​research - the icon of the Mother of God. Believers know how huge the number of images of the Mother of God is, on some of them she is alone, but on most icons she holds the Christ Child in her arms. The Orthodox know such icons as the Sovereign, Iberian, Inexhaustible Cup, Pochaevskaya, Joy of All Who Sorrow, Tikhvinskaya, Kazanskaya and many, many others, miraculous, with their own history and list of miracles. For example, we can recall the Catholic images of the Virgin Mary. These are the Sistine Madonna, Raphael's Madonna and other masterpieces of the great masters of the Middle Ages. There is one significant similarity between para-Orthodox icons and Catholic paintings - on all of them the Virgin Mary is depicted with the Son.

Thus, the Mother of God becomes for believers one of the most sacred symbols - a symbol of high, sacrificial motherhood. After all, all mothers know how hard and painful it is to learn about any failure or illness of children. But few people know how hard it is to live with the knowledge of the entire future terrible fate of your child. And the Mother of God knew the whole fate of her Son from his very birth. Therefore, perhaps the very image of a mother is so sacred to all people that since ancient times her work in raising children has been equated with a feat.

The image of the Mother in the mythology of the Slavs and other peoples.

All the peoples of the world in the religious picture of the world have always had a place for female deities, and they have always stood apart from male gods. The patron goddesses of the hearth, earth, fertility enjoyed great respect among all ancient peoples.

The original archetype of birth, the beginning of life, the creation of Nature subconsciously led to the worship of Mother Earth, who gives everything for the life of people. Therefore, the ancient Slavs singled out not one god - Heaven, as one might think, but two - Heaven and Earth. They generally considered the Earth and Sky to be two living beings, even more than that - a married couple, whose love gave birth to all life on earth. The God of heaven, the Father of all things, is called Svarog. But what did the Slavs call the great Goddess of the Earth? Some scientists believe that her name is Makosh. Others, no less authoritative, argue with them. But I will proceed from the fact that the name of the goddess of the Earth is still Makosh. The interpretation of the name Makosh himself is very interesting. And if “ma” is clear to everyone - mom, mother, then what is a “cat”? It is not entirely clear, if you don’t remember some words, this, for example, is a wallet where wealth is stored, a koshara, where the living wealth of a peasant is driven - sheep, the leader of the Cossacks is called a koshy, fate, a lot, and also a large basket for vegetables and fruits. And if you put all these meanings into a semantic chain, then it turns out: Makosh is the Mistress of Life, the Giver of the Harvest, the Universal Mother. In a word, Earth.

We still call the Earth Mother. Only now we treat her with far less respect than good children should. The pagans, on the other hand, treated her with the greatest love, and all legends say that the Earth paid them the same. Not without reason, both the Slavs and the Greeks have a myth about a hero who cannot be defeated, since the Earth itself helps him. On the tenth of May, the "name day of the Earth" was celebrated: on this day it was impossible to disturb her - to plow, dig up. The earth was the witness of solemn oaths; at the same time, they touched it with the palm of their hand, otherwise they took out a piece of turf and laid it on their heads, mystically making a lie impossible: it was believed that the Earth would not wear a deceiver. In Russia they said: "Do not lie - the Earth hears", "Love as the Earth loves." And now we sometimes, taking an oath, demand: “Eat the earth!” And what is the custom of taking a handful of native land to a foreign land!

By the era of the Upper Paleolithic - 40-50 thousand years BC. e. carry the first archaeological finds in the form of stone figurines of female deities. During the Neolithic period - 10-12 thousand years BC. e. numerous images of the Mother Goddess are already appearing, as a reflection of the various forces of nature. Among the ancient Sumerians, this is the goddess of love Ishtar, associated with the morning star Venus, who has many epithets - the Lady of the Gods, the Queen of Kings, who was worshiped throughout the Mediterranean, was also considered the Mother of the Gods, the keeper of secret knowledge. The Egyptian goddess Isis was endowed with the same qualities. The ancient Persians, who adopted the teachings of Zoroaster, worshiped the Goddess of purity and purity, Anahita.

In Slavic and Indian mythology, there are common Indo-Aryan roots, and this is especially noticeable in the culture of the national costume, where images of the goddess with palms outstretched forward are often found - a gesture of protection. No wonder in Ukraine one of the names of the goddess is Bereginya. On costumes, this image is found in the form of stylized embroidered ornaments and is called "Mokosh". The goddess Mokosh among the Slavs is a spinner, spinning endless yarn - the all-penetrating energy of the universe. Archetypal ideas about the Spinning Goddess have been preserved among the Saami, Finns, Lithuanians, and other peoples of the North.

One of the earliest images of the World Tree in Russia from the time of Hyperborea is the petroglyph of Lake Onega. The drawing combines two universal symbols - the World Tree and the Swan sitting on it. The swan is an ancient symbol of the Goddess giving birth to the Cosmic Egg - the third cosmic symbol. Recall Russian folk tales or Pushkin's tales "A green oak grows on the sea-ocean, the island of Buyan", "At the Lukomorye a green oak", the Swan Princess, an egg where Koshchei's source of life is stored, etc.

All the mysterious Eleusinian mysteries among the Athenians were associated with the cult of the Earth, gathering fruits, storing seeds, the art of agriculture and growing crops. This merged into a single sacred sacrament, the personification of which was the Mother in Childbirth, giving continuation to the family and preserving it. The Slavs also had gods responsible for the prosperity and offspring of all life in nature and the multiplication of the human race. These are Rod and Rozhanitsy, mentioned in ancient Russian literature. The clan sent the souls of people to Earth from heaven when children were born. The Goddesses of Rozhanitsa are usually spoken of in the plural. In ancient manuscripts, they are briefly spoken about, only bread, honey and “cheese” (earlier this word denoted cottage cheese), which were sacrificed to them, are mentioned. Due to the scarcity of this information, some researchers of past years used to see in Rozhanitsy numerous, faceless female deities who helped in various women's cares and work, as well as in the birth of children. However, modern scientists, having processed a large archaeological, ethnographic, linguistic material, referring to information relating to neighboring peoples, came to the conclusion that there were two Rozhanits: Mother and Daughter.

The Slavs associated the Mother in Childbirth with the period of summer fertility, when it ripens, grows heavier, and the harvest is poured. This is fully consistent with the image of mature motherhood: artists usually depict fruitful Autumn as a middle-aged woman, kind and full-bodied. This is a respectable mistress of the house, the mother of a large family. The ancient Slavs gave her the name Lada, which has a lot of meanings. All of them are related to the establishment of order: "Getting along", "getting along", and so on. At the same time, the order was conceived primarily as a family one: “LADA”, “LADO” - an affectionate appeal to a beloved spouse, husband or wife. "LADINS" - a wedding conspiracy. But the scope of Lada's activities is by no means limited to the house. Some researchers recognize Velikaya Lada as the mother of the twelve months into which the year is divided. But the months, as we know, are associated with the twelve constellations of the Zodiac, which, according to astrological science, have an impact on human destiny! Thus, for example, Scorpio and Sagittarius are the property of not only foreign (non-Slavic) culture, as we used to think. And Lada appears before us not just as the Goddess of summer, home comfort and motherhood, she is also connected with the universal cosmic law! So the Slavic religious cult was not so primitive.

Lada also had a daughter, a Goddess named Lelya, the youngest Rozhanitsa. Let's think about it: it's not for nothing that a baby's cradle is often called a "cradle", a gentle, caring attitude towards a child is conveyed by the word "cherish". The stork, allegedly bringing children, in Ukrainian - "leleka". And the child itself is sometimes called affectionately “lyalechka” even now. So the Slavic Lelya was born - the Goddess of quivering spring sprouts, the first flowers, young femininity. The Slavs believed that it was Lelya who took care of the barely hatched shoots - the future harvest. Lelya-Vesna solemnly “called out” - they invited her to visit, they went out to meet her with gifts and refreshments. And before that, they asked permission from Mother Lada: would she let her daughter go?

The holiday of Rozhanitsa was celebrated in the spring - April 22-23. On this day, sacrifices were made with vegetable and dairy products, which were solemnly, with prayers, eaten at a sacred feast, and then bonfires were burned all night long: a huge one, in honor of Lada, and around it twelve more smaller ones - according to the number of months of the year. According to tradition, it was a women's and girls' holiday. Guys, men looked at him from a distance. So, having examined the pagan cults of some peoples, I concluded that the very concept of the Woman - Mother was present in all peoples, moreover, in very similar forms and images, which also speaks of the common roots of all beliefs and myths in general.

Domostroy. Attitude towards a woman-mother in the Middle Ages.

Of course, the ideology of Christianity had a great influence on relations between the sexes in Russia. A kind of regulatory basis for relations between a man and a woman was “Domostroy”, which attributed to a woman to obey her husband (father, brother) in everything. Domostroy lists in detail the duties of women, which are based on tireless work in the family, and obedience to the husband, father, owner, and the responsibility of mothers for their children and housekeeping. But along with this, there is a chapter that tells the husband to honor his wife, instruct her and love her.

“If God grants a good wife, then a precious stone is better; she will not leave such a benefit, she will always arrange a good life for her husband. If a husband is blessed with a good wife, the number of days of his life will double, a good wife pleases her husband and fills his summers with peace; let a good wife be a reward to those who fear God, for a wife makes her husband more virtuous: firstly, having fulfilled God's commandment, be blessed by God, and secondly, be glorified by people. A kind wife, and industrious, and silent - a crown to her husband, if a husband has found his good wife - he brings out only good things from his house; blessed is the husband of such a wife, and they will live their years in a good world. For a good wife, praise to her husband and honor.

Domostroy drew a sharper line between a man and a woman, and the attitude towards mothers changed accordingly. But one cannot think that it has deteriorated sharply: it has become a little different, requiring a stricter implementation of certain Christian norms and rules. The mother and wife had to treat her husband with respect, and her children with strictness, raising them in piety. Some people think that with the advent of Christianity, the position of women has worsened compared to the era of paganism. I don’t think so: there have always been domestic tyrants, no rules stopped them, so with the advent of the “Domostroy” era, such husbands simply found, so to speak, a good justification for their behavior. And yet, a woman has always been the mistress of the house, the keeper of the hearth and virtue in the family, a faithful assistant and friend to her husband.

Such an attitude towards a woman left its mark in Russian folklore: “God help the unmarried, and the mistress will help the married”, “The family is at war - the lonely grieve”, “Husband and wife are one soul”. There was a strict separation of the roles of men and women, which took shape over the centuries. This is especially evident in work. The activities of the wife do not go beyond the family. The activity of the husband, on the contrary, is not limited to the family: he is a public figure, and through him the family participates in the life of society. The woman was in charge, as they say, with the keys to the whole house, kept records of hay, straw, flour. All cattle and all domestic animals, except for horses, were under the supervision of a woman. Under her vigilant supervision was everything that was connected with the nutrition of the family, taking care of linen and repairing clothes, weaving, bathing, etc.

The owner, the head of the house and the family, was, first of all, an intermediary in the relations of the farmstead and the land society, in the relations of the family with the authorities. He was in charge of the main agricultural work, plowing, sowing, as well as construction, logging, and firewood. He, along with his adult sons, carried all the physical burden of peasant labor on his shoulders.

Only in great need did a woman, usually a widow, take up an ax, and a man (also most often widowed) sat under a cow with a pail.

From childhood, boys were taught masculine wisdom, and girls were taught feminine wisdom. There was no patriarchal pedantry in the relationship between boys and girls. From the very adolescence, acquaintances and hobbies changed, young people seemed to “grind” to each other, looking for a mate according to their soul and character. Evidence of spiritual freedom, spiritual looseness in the relations of young people is a lot of love songs and ditties, in which the female side does not at all look passive and dependent. Parents and elders were not strict with the behavior of young people, but only before the wedding. But even before the wedding, freedom of relationships did not mean sexual freedom at all. There were quite clear boundaries of what was permitted, and they were rarely violated. Both sides, both male and female, tried to observe chastity.

But still, a woman was perceived as an “addition” to a man, and not as an independent, full-fledged person. The existing family was strictly patriarchal.

The image of a woman-mother in Russian literature of the 19th century.

After the 17th century, the attitude towards a woman-mother in society is gradually changing, other values ​​and priorities come to the fore. This can be seen in the number and themes of the works of writers of that time. Very few people write about mothers, it is precisely in singing of their hard work, most of those who write speak about the hardness and complexity of a mother's life, about her difficult fate. This, for example, Nekrasov. The images of Arina, the mother of a soldier, Matrena Timofeevna from the poem “Who Lives Well in Russia” sang the difficult fate of a Russian peasant woman. Touching lines of poetry were dedicated to his mother by Sergei Yesenin. In Maxim Gorky's novel "Mother" Pelageya Nilovna becomes an assistant to her Bolshevik son, consciousness awakens in her.

But most of all, Leo Tolstoy thought about this topic in his novel War and Peace. His Natasha Rostova is the image of motherhood that has not been in Russian literature for so long. Natasha passionately dreams of her husband and children. Even in her early youth, she felt how unequal the rights and opportunities of women in her circle were compared with the opportunities and rights of men, how narrow the life of a woman was squeezed. Only in the family, taking part in the activities of her husband, raising children, can she find an application for her strength. This is her vocation, in this she sees her life duty, a feat, and strives with all her heart to fulfill it.

In the person of Pierre Bezukhov, fate gave her that person who was the only one who could understand and appreciate her. At the end of the novel, fate gives her what she always considered herself destined for - a husband, family, children. This is happiness, and it, like love for Pierre, absorbs it all. It couldn't be otherwise. It always seems strange to me when, after reading "War and Peace", someone says that Natasha in the epilogue of the novel, immersed in caring for children, in diapers and feeding, jealous of her husband, abandoned singing - this is already a completely different Natasha. But in fact, in fact, Natasha was always the same, or rather, her essence was the same - tender, honest, thirsty for the feat of love. We part with our beloved heroine in 1820 on the eve of St. Nicholas Day, the name day of Nikolai Rostov. The whole family is together, everyone is alive, healthy, happy and relatively young. All is well that ends well? But nothing ends even for these people - and, most importantly, the contradiction of life, its struggle, does not end with these characters. The contradiction and struggle are resolved not by the outcome (any of which is always only partial and temporary), not by the plot ending, not by the denouement of the novel. Although in the epilogue - marriages and families, Tolstoy was still right when he declared that he was not capable of setting certain "limits" to the development of action and his "fictitious persons" by this classical literary denouement. Marriages in the finale of "War and Peace", if a certain result of the relationship of persons, then this result is not final and conditional, it did not destroy the "interest of the story" in Tolstoy's book. This emphasizes the relativity of the very outcome in the process of life and the idea of ​​the outcome as an attitude to life, a point of view on it. The epilogue rounds off and immediately refutes any kind of rounding off of life - of an individual person, or even more so of universal life.

The current state of things.

Significant changes in the position of women took place in many countries of the world already in the 20th century, largely under the influence of the Great October Revolution. Among the first decrees of the Soviet government were the Decree on Civil Marriage, on Children and Bookkeeping, and the Decree on Divorce issued in December 1917. These decrees abolished the laws in force before the revolution, which placed a woman in an unequal position with a man in the family, in relation to children, in the rights to property, in divorce, and even in choosing a place of residence. After the October Revolution, women in Russia for the first time acquired the right to freely choose a profession and receive an education. The equality of women with men in political and civil rights was enshrined in the first Soviet constitution. And now, when the participation of women in the socio-political life of developed countries has become a common phenomenon, it is useful to recall that Soviet Russia was in the top five countries in the world that gave women the right to elect and be elected to the representative bodies of the country. At different stages of the development of the Land of Soviets, specific issues related to the participation of women in state and public life, the protection of motherhood and childhood, the labor activity of women, the improvement of their general educational and professional level, and others were solved primarily as state tasks.

By the 1920s, the Soviet government was faced with complex socio-demographic and socio-medical problems (disorganization of family and marriage relations, an increase in the number of unwanted pregnancies and abortions, the spread of prostitution, etc.). Unable to cope with them in a civilized way, the authorities turned to repressive measures (recriminalization of homosexuality, restriction of freedom of divorce, prohibition of abortions). The ideological justification for such a policy was Bolshevik sexophobia (“we don’t have sex”). But the goal - strengthening the family and increasing the birth rate - was not achieved. The constitutional consolidation of the equality of women and men was a social achievement of socialism. Unfortunately, in this area, as well as in other spheres of public, political and social life, between the human rights proclaimed in the Constitution of the USSR and their implementation, between word and deed, there was a very significant and ever-increasing gap. As regards the issue of equal rights for men and women, stagnation and lack of progress have in fact caused even a certain setback.

Sexual relations were, like other spheres of human life, under the control of the state.

The sexual revolution took place in Russia much later than in other countries - in the early 1990s. In the 1990s, and even today in Russia, there was a "striking inequality of chances for women", a "clear skew" in the social positions and opportunities of men and women. It is impossible not to notice that in the late 90s, as well as in the late 80s, it was considered "bad form" to talk about the social needs of women, about their political needs and career aspirations. But, as we see, women are moving further and further in the "conquest of living space." Thus, the further development of relations between men and women presupposes the recognition by society of their equality, equivalence and equality.

Although one cannot fail to see how low the authority of the Mother has fallen, how people relate to the very thought of a second, not to mention a third, child. I, like many caring people, hope that with the change in demographic policy, the very attitude towards mothers will change. Now a shift is already noticeable, very weak, but a shift. With great hope, I think of a time when people will respect mothers as much as, say, the president or famous actors.

Even in oral poetry, the image of a mother acquired the captivating features of a keeper of the hearth, a capable and faithful wife, a protector of her own children and an unfailing guardian of all the destitute, offended and offended. These defining qualities of the mother's soul are reflected and sung in Russian folk tales and folk songs. The people have always honored the Mother! It is no coincidence that the people also live a lot of good, affectionate words about the mother. We do not know by whom they were first said, but they are very often repeated in life and pass from generation to generation. These are legends and epics about how mothers saved their children, their relatives. One such example is Avdotya Ryazanochka from a folk tale about the courage of a simple woman mother. This epic is remarkable in that not a male warrior, but a mother woman "won the battle with the horde." She stood up for her relatives, and thanks to her courage and intelligence, Ryazan did not "go to hell." Here it is - the immortality of true poetry, here it is - the enviable length of its existence in time!

Numerous proverbs and sayings about mother describe the most sincere, deepest feelings for a loved one.

Where the mother is, there the child goes.

The mother feeds the children, as the land of the people.

Mother's anger is like spring snow: and a lot of it falls, but it will soon melt.

A man has one mother, and he has one Motherland.

Native land - mother, foreign side - stepmother.

The bird is happy for spring, and the baby is happy for its mother.

There is no sweeter friend than a mother.

Whoever has a uterus has a smooth head.

When the sun is warm, when the mother is good.

Maternal prayer from the day of the sea takes out (takes out).

Whoever honors his mother and father never perishes forever.

Maternal blessing does not sink in water, and does not burn in fire.

Without a father - half an orphan, and without a mother - the whole orphan.

You can find bird's milk even in a fairy tale, but you will not find another father-mother in a fairy tale.

Blind puppy and he crawls to his mother.

The mother's word does not pass by.

There are many relatives, and the mother is the dearest of all.

To live with your mother is neither sorrow nor boredom.

God rules by the mother's word.

Not the father-mother who gave birth, but the one who made him drink, nurtured and taught good.

The mother beats as she strokes, and the stranger strokes as she beats.

Without a mother dear, the flowers bloom colorlessly.

Mother dear - an inextinguishable candle.

Warm, warm, but not summer; good, good, but not my own mother.

Mother's heart warms better than the sun.

And how much has been written about the mother, how many poems, songs, wonderful thoughts and statements!

The child recognizes the mother by her smile.

Lev Tolstoy

Mom is the most beautiful word uttered by a person.

Kyle Gibran

Everything beautiful in a person comes from the rays of the sun and from Mother's milk...

Maksim Gorky

I do not know an image brighter than a mother, and a heart more capacious for love than a mother's heart.

Maksim Gorky

This is the great destiny of a woman - to be a mother, the keeper of the hearth.

V. Belov

There is nothing holier and more selfless than Mother's love; every affection, every love, every passion is either weak or selfish in comparison with it.

V. Belinsky.

The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.

Peter de Vries

There is no such flower in the world, in any field or in the sea, such a pearl as a child on her mother's lap.

O. Wild

The Lord cannot be everywhere at the same time, and therefore he created mothers.

Mario Pioso

There is a holy word - Mother.

Omar Khayyam

A man who was the undisputed favorite of his mother carries through his whole life a feeling of a winner and confidence in luck, which often lead to real success.

Z. Freud

There is nothing that a mother's love cannot endure.

Paddock

The future of the nation is in the hands of mothers.

O. Balzac

A mother's heart is an abyss, in the depths of which there is always forgiveness.

O. Balzac

Give us the best mothers and we will be the best people.

J.-P. Richter

For some reason, many women think that giving birth to a child and becoming a mother are one and the same. With the same success one could say that one and the same thing is to have a piano and to be a pianist.

S. Harris

A great feeling, until the end / We keep it alive in our souls. / We love our sister and wife and father, / But in agony we remember our mother.

ON THE. Nekrasov

We will forever glorify that woman whose name is Mother.

M. Jalil

Motherhood ennobles a woman when she renounces everything, renounces, sacrifices everything for the sake of the child.

J. Korchak

A real mother is tender, like the petal of a freshly blossomed flower, and firm, courageous, inflexible to evil and merciless, like a fair sword.

V. Sukhomlinsky

Motherhood is both a great joy and a great knowledge of life. A return, but also a reward. There is probably no more sacred meaning of existence in the world than to raise a worthy native person next to you.

Ch. Aitmatov

The most beautiful word on earth is mother. This is the first word that a person utters, and it sounds equally gentle in all languages. Mom has the kindest and most affectionate hands, they can do everything. Mom has the most faithful and sensitive heart - love never goes out in it, it does not remain indifferent to anything. And no matter how old you are, you always need a mother, her caress, her look. And the more your love for your mother. The happier and brighter life.

Z. Resurrection

Mother ... The dearest and closest person. She gave life, gave a happy childhood. The mother's heart, like the sun, shines always and everywhere, warming us with its warmth. She is the best friend, a wise adviser. Mother is a guardian angel. It is no coincidence that many writers and poets, creating their works, drew inspiration precisely from memories of childhood, home, and mother.

Surprisingly, all his life, as a gift, he kept the lullaby that his mother sang to him in early childhood, the Russian poet M.Yu. Lermontov. This was reflected in his poem "An angel flew through the midnight sky", in "Cossack lullaby". In it, the power of maternal love blesses, admonishes a small child, conveys to him the ideals of the people as a revelation in the simplest and most uncomplicated words. Lermontov deeply felt the wisdom, the power of maternal feeling, which guides a person from the first minutes of his life. It is no coincidence that the loss of a mother in early childhood had such a painful effect on the mind of the poet.

The theme of the mother sounded really deep in the poetry of Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov. Closed and reserved by nature, Nekrasov literally could not find enough bright words and strong expressions to appreciate the role of his mother in his life. Both the young man and the old man, Nekrasov always spoke of his mother with love and admiration. Such an attitude towards her, in addition to the usual sons of affection, undoubtedly followed from the consciousness of what he owed her:

And if I shake it off easily over the years
From the soul of my pernicious traces,
Correcting everything reasonable with your feet,
Proud of the ignorance of the environment,
And if I filled my life with struggle
For the ideal of goodness and beauty,
And wears the song composed by me,
Living love deep features -
Oh, my mother, I am inspired by you!
You saved a living soul in me!
(From the poem "Mother"

In the poem "Mother" Nekrasov recalls that as a child, thanks to his mother, he became acquainted with the images of Dante and Shakespeare. She also taught him love and compassion for those “whose ideal is reduced grief”, that is, for serfs. The image of a woman-mother is also vividly represented by Nekrasov in his other works “In full swing the village suffering”, “Orina, the soldier's mother”.

Listening to the horrors of war

With each new victim of the battle

I feel sorry for not a friend, not a wife,

I feel sorry for the hero himself...

Alas! wife will be comforted

And the best friend will forget a friend.

But somewhere there is one soul -

She will remember to the grave!

Among our hypocritical deeds

And all the vulgarity and prose

Alone I spied in the world

Holy, sincere tears -

Those are the tears of poor mothers!

They can't forget their children

Those who died in the bloody field,

How not to raise a weeping willow

Of their drooping branches...

"Who will protect you?" - the poet addresses in one of his poems. He understands that, besides him, there is no one else to say a word about the sufferer of the Russian land, whose feat is invisible, but great!

Nekrasov traditions in the depiction of the bright image of a peasant mother in the lyrics of Sergei Yesenin. A bright image of the poet's mother passes through Yesenin's work. Endowed with individual traits, he grows into a generalized image of a Russian woman, appears even in the youthful poems of the poet, as a fabulous image of the one who not only gave the whole world, but also made happy with the gift of song. This image also takes on the specific earthly appearance of a peasant woman, busy with everyday affairs: “Mother cannot cope with grips, bends low ...”. Fidelity, constancy of feelings, cordial devotion, inexhaustible patience are generalized and poeticized by Yesenin in the image of a mother. "Oh, my patient mother!" - this exclamation escaped from him not by chance: a son brings a lot of unrest, but a mother's heart forgives everything. So there is a frequent motive for Yesenin's son's guilt. On his trips, he constantly recalls his native village: it is dear to the memory of youth, but most of all, the mother yearning for her son attracts him there. "Sweet, kind, old, tender" mother is seen by the poet "at the parental dinner." The mother is worried - her son has not been at home for a long time. How is he in the distance? The son tries to reassure her in letters: “There will be time, dear, dear!” In the meantime, "evening unspeakable light" is streaming over the mother's hut. The son, "still as gentle", "dreams only of how soon from the rebellious longing to return to our low house." In the "Letter to the Mother" filial feelings are expressed with piercing artistic power: "You are my only help and joy, you are my only inexpressible light."

Yesenin was 19 years old when, with amazing penetration, he sang in the poem "Rus" the sadness of maternal expectation - "waiting for gray-haired mothers." The sons became soldiers, the royal service took them to the bloody fields of the world war. Rarely-rarely come from them "doodles, deduced with such difficulty", but everyone is waiting for their "frail huts", warmed by a mother's heart. Yesenin can be placed next to Nekrasov, who sang "the tears of poor mothers."

They can't forget their children
Those who died in the bloody field,
How not to raise a weeping willow
Of their drooping branches.

These lines from the distant XIX century remind us of the bitter cry of the mother, which we hear in Anna Andreevna Akhmatova's poem "Requiem". Akhmatova spent 17 months in prison queues in connection with the arrest of her son, Lev Gumilyov: he was arrested three times: in 1935, 1938 and 1949.

I've been screaming for seventeen months
I'm calling you home...
Everything is messed up,
And I can't make out
Now who is the beast, who is the man,
And how long to wait for the execution.

The suffering of the mother is associated with the state of the Virgin Mary; the suffering of the son - with the torments of Christ crucified on the cross.

Magdalene fought and sobbed,
The beloved student turned to stone,
And to where silently Mother stood,
So no one dared to look.

Mother's grief, it is boundless and inexpressible, her loss is irreparable, because this is her only son.

The image of the mother occupies a special place in the work of Marina Tsvetaeva. She is dedicated not only to poetry, but also to prose: "Mother and Music", "Mother's Tale". In autobiographical essays and letters of Tsvetaeva, one can find many references to Maria Alexandrovna. The poem "Mom" (collection "Evening Album") is also dedicated to her memory. It is very important for the author to emphasize the spiritual influence of the mother on her daughters. Nature is subtle and deep, artistically gifted, she introduced them to the world of beauty. From an early age, music for Tsvetaeva was identical to her mother's voice: "In the old Straussian waltz for the first time / We heard your quiet call." “Mother is the lyrical element itself,” writes Tsvetaeva.

"Passion for poetry - from the mother." Thanks to her, and for children, art has become a kind of second reality, sometimes more desirable. The soul, Maria Alexandrovna was convinced, must be able to resist everything ugly and bad. Tirelessly tending to children's dreams (Without you, only a month looked into them!), You led your little ones past the Bitter life of thoughts and deeds. The mother taught the children to feel pain - their own and others, managed to turn them away from the lies and falsehood of external manifestations, giving them early wisdom: "From an early age, who is sad is close to us, / Laughter is boring ...". Such a moral attitude gave rise to inner restlessness, the inability to be satisfied with worldly well-being: “Our ship is not set off for a good moment / And sails at the behest of all winds!” The Mother Muse was tragic. In 1914, Tsvetaeva wrote to V.V. Rozanov: “Her tormented soul lives in us - only we open what she hid. Her rebellion, her madness, her thirst have reached us to the point of screaming. The load taken on the shoulders was heavy, but it was also the main wealth of the young soul. The spiritual heritage, bequeathed by the mother, meant the depth of experiences, the brightness and sharpness of feelings and, of course, the nobility of the heart. All the best in herself, as Tsvetaeva admitted, she owes to her mother.

In the autobiographical novel "Childhood of Bagrov-grandson" S.T. Aksakov wrote: “The constant presence of my mother merges with my every memory. Her image is inextricably linked with my existence, and therefore it does not stand out much in fragmentary pictures of the first time of my childhood, although he constantly participates in them.

I remember the bedroom and the lamp
toys, warm bed

……………………………….

You cross, kiss,

I remember, I remember your voice!

Icon lamp in the dusk of a corner
And shadows from lamp chains...
Weren't you an angel?

An appeal to the mother, tenderness, gratitude to her, later repentance, admiration for her courage, patience - the main theme of the lyrics, which always remains relevant, regardless of the century in which a true poet works.

The image of the mother becomes central in the poetic world of Tvardovsky and rises from the private - dedications to his own mother - to the universal and highest aspect of motherhood in Russian poetry - the image of the Motherland. The most important for the poet motives of memory, native places (small motherland), filial duty and filial gratitude are combined precisely in the image of the mother, and this combination is a separate topic in his work. Tvardovsky described the real fate of his mother in a 1935 poem “You came with one beauty to the man's house... The story of one fate takes place against the backdrop of history in general, the plot of private life against the backdrop of the general life of the country. It was not in vain that Tvardovsky called himself a prose writer: in this poem he consistently tells the story of his mother's life, doing without comparisons, metaphors, vivid rhymes. “Mother and son”, “You will timidly raise him ...”). The best in this series of poems of the 30s is “You will timidly raise him ...”, where a genuine image of the hero’s mother is created. During the war years, the image of the mother becomes more significant in the work of Tvardovsky, but now the image of the mother is equated with the image of the universal Motherland, the country, being correlated with the images of ordinary peasant women. The image of the mother is completely transferred to the memory area in the cycle “In Memory of the Mother”, written in 1965 year. Here, as such, there is no image of the mother; here the mother lives only in the son’s memory, and therefore his feelings are revealed more than the image of the mother, which has become incorporeal. This poem is the last one where the image of the mother appears, it completes the maternal line in Tvardovsky’s poetry, and itself becomes the song that “in memory alive”, in which the image of the mother, and the poet’s own mother, and the generalized image of motherhood are eternally alive: peasant women, hard workers, women with a difficult fate.

The image of the mother has always carried the features of drama. And he began to look even more tragic against the background of the Great Patriotic War, terrible in its bitterness. Who more than a mother endured suffering at this time? There are many books about this. Of these, the books of mothers E. Kosheva "The Tale of the Son", Kosmodemyanskaya "The Tale of Zoya and Shura" ...

Can you tell me about it -
What years did you live in!
What an immeasurable heaviness
On women's shoulders lay down!
(M, Isakovsky).

Vasily Grossman's mother died in 1942 at the hands of fascist executioners. In 1961, 19 years after his mother's death, his son wrote her a letter. It was preserved in the archive of the writer's widow. "When I die, you will live in a book that I dedicated to you and whose fate is similar to yours." And that hot tear shed by the writer for his old mother burns our hearts and leaves a scar of memory on them.

The war is the main theme of some of the works of Ch. Aitmatov, as well as in the story "Mother's Field". In it, the image of Aitmatov's mother is ambiguous. Firstly, this is a mother who gave birth to a child (the heroine of the story, Tolgonai, sent her three sons to the war and lost all three). Secondly, the people's mother: remembering the children, Tolgonai is proud and understands that "maternal happiness comes from people's happiness."The thought of the power of maternal love, as capable of uniting, making relatives, resurrecting, runs like a red thread: “I swallowed bread with tears and thought:“ The bread of immortality, you hear, my son Kasym! And life is immortal, and labor is immortal!

Ivan Bunin writes very reverently and tenderly about his mother in his works. He compares her bright appearance with a heavenly angel:

I remember the bedroom and the lamp
toys, warm bed
And your sweet, meek voice:
"Guardian angel over you!"
……………………………….

You cross, kiss,
Remind me that he is with me
And with faith in happiness you will enchant ...
I remember, I remember your voice!

I remember the night, the warmth of the bed,
Icon lamp in the dusk of a corner
And shadows from lamp chains...
Weren't you an angel?

Research.

"The Image of the Mother in the Lyrics of Classical and Modern Poets"

primary school teacher MBOU

Lyceum №13 Rostov-on-Don

…Mom, I carry your name through life, like a shrine.

Years will go by. Apples will fall on the grass.

The sun will rise.

Rivers will rush into the desert.

Ships will sail into the whiteness of the Martian seas.

Life will rage.

Every atom. Each vein.

People! My brothers! Take care of your mothers!

A real mother is given to a person once!

Sergei Ostovoy.

Who teaches the child to take the first steps? Who sings the first lullaby in his life? Who is telling the story? Who teaches you to speak your native language? And what is the first word most often spoken by the child? Of course, MOM!

Yes, it is MOM that opens the door to the big world for the baby, she is relentlessly with him, the first to rise to his cry ... He hears the mother's affectionate words, feels her warmth, protection. How his little hands reach for MOM! And even when people become adults and break away from their home, their connection with their mother does not break. And in moments of trouble, danger, despair, we still call for help, first of all, MAMA ...

The modern world is cruel, power, money, patronage rule here. But what about the power of maternal love, all-consuming love, all-forgiving love? Perhaps, by turning to the beginning, to the source of life, society will be able to restore peace, tranquility, prosperity? With Mother's milk, each person absorbs the most precious, tender, sincere feelings. Why, over time, from such a baby, and then an adult, cruelty appears, the desire to humiliate, even destroy his own kind?

These questions have troubled poets and writers since biblical times. The image of the Mother is one of the most revered and beloved in Russian literature.

mother's heart

The mother's heart is the most merciful judge, the most sympathetic friend, it is the sun of love, the light of which warms us all our lives.

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin

"The Sun of Russian Poetry" - a world-famous classic - A.S. Pushkin in childhood was deprived of maternal love. Nadezhda Osipovna had an uneven character, with abrupt mood swings: she would get angry, then fall into black melancholy, then suddenly become affectionate and lively again. Alexander most often irritated her and was usually called after another prank for reprisal. Everything annoyed the mother: the boy's stubbornness, his dissimilarity to other children, his incomprehensible complexity.

But still, there were two women in the Pushkins' house, who gave Alexander the maternal love and affection that he so lacked. The nanny is Arina Rodionovna, a serf peasant woman who was set free, but did not want to leave her masters, who nursed their children, and then their grandchildren. Grandmother - Maria Alexandrovna Gannibal, who, according to the poet's sister, Olga Sergeevna, "was a bright mind and educated in her time, spoke and wrote in beautiful Russian ..." It was they who told him fairy tales, legends, introduced him to the world of folk fiction.

Oh! I will keep silent about my mother,
About the charms of mysterious nights,
When in a cap, in an old robe,
Cross me with zeal
And in a whisper it will tell me
About the dead, about the exploits of Bova...
I won’t move from horror, it happened,
Barely breathing, I'll snuggle up under the covers,
Feeling neither legs nor head.
1816

With great love and tenderness, the poet often spoke of his nanny, Arina Rodionovna. She was constantly there not only when the poet was a child, but also being a famous poet, friend and ally of the participants in the Decembrist movement. She accompanied him both in exile and in isolation in their family estate in the village of Mikhailovsky.

babysitter

Friend of my harsh days,
My decrepit dove!
Alone in the wilderness of pine forests
For a long, long time you've been waiting for me.
You are under the window of your room
Grieving like clockwork
And the spokes are slowing down every minute
In your wrinkled hands.
Looking through the forgotten gates
To the black distant path:
Longing, forebodings, worries
They squeeze your chest all the time.

Madonna - in Catholicism means the Mother of God, the "mother" of a divine creature, the son of God. The embodiment of the ideal of motherhood was the wife of Alexander Sergeevich - Natalya Nikolaevna Goncharova.

Madonna

Not many paintings by old masters
I always wanted to decorate my abode,
So that the visitor marveled at them superstitiously,
Listening to the important judgment of connoisseurs.

In my simple corner, in the midst of slow labors,
One picture I wanted to be forever a spectator,
One: so that on me from the canvas, as from the clouds,
Pure and our divine savior -

She is with greatness, he is with reason in his eyes -
Looked, meek, in glory and in the rays,
Alone, without angels, under the palm tree of Zion.

My wishes have been fulfilled. Creator
He sent you down to me, you, my Madonna,
The purest beauty, the purest example.

The image of the Mother in the works of A.S. Pushkin went through all the stages of poetic evolutionary development: from hostility to his own mother, through kind tender feelings for the nanny and grandmother, to the highest worship of the Holy Mother of God.

Mikhail Yurjevich Lermontov.

M.Yu. Lermontov's mother, Maria Mikhailovna, was a very kind person, treated serfs, helped the poor. She often took little Misha on her knees, played the piano and sang.

"When I was a boy of three - recalled Lermontov, -that was the song from which I cried ... Her late mother sang to me ... " Tenderness for the mother and longing for her are reflected in many works of the poet.

Angel

An angel flew across the midnight sky

And he sang a quiet song;

And the moon, and the stars, and the clouds in a crowd

They listened to that song of the saint.

He sang about the bliss of sinless spirits

Under the bushes of paradise gardens;

He sang about the great God, and praise

His was unfeigned.

He carried the soul of the young to the young in his arms

For a world of sorrow and tears,

And the sound of his song is young in the soul,

Remained - without words, but alive.

And for a long time she languished in the world,

Full of wonderful desire;

And the sounds of heaven could not be replaced

She bored the songs of the earth.

1831

Maria Mikhailovna died of consumption in February 1817 at the age of 21 years 11 months 7 days. The theme of loneliness and sadness, which accompanies the poet from early childhood, ran like a red thread through all the work of M.Yu. Lermontov.

Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet.

A.A. Fet's childhood was not entirely happy. But you can’t call him sad either: “... he had everything like many landlord sons, living mainly on land and land. There was village life, ordinary rural life, and around - Central Russian nature "- this is how his daughter later recalled the poet.

The image of the poet's mother is associated with German roots (mother - nee Charlotte-Elizaveta Fet), the future poet was brought up in a German school until the age of 14. Then - the Oryol province with its boundless fields, plains and completely different memories of that time, of a close and dear person - of the mother. In the poems associated with that time, we find closely intertwined folklore:

Lullaby to the heart

Heart - you're a baby!

Take it easy…

Even for a moment of reason

I'm glad to accept

All your sickness!

Sleep, the Lord is with you

Baiushki bye!..

1843

Serenade

Quiet evening burns out

Mountains of gold;

The sultry air is cold, -

Sleep, my child.

The nightingales have long sung,

Twilight proclaim;

The strings timidly rang, -

Sleep, my child.

Watching angelic eyes

tremulously shining;

So light is the breath of the night,

Sleep, my child.

1845

In the later period of his work, the poet turns his attention to the image of the mother as the Mother of God. This is due to internal disagreement in the poetic field, and misunderstanding on the part of relatives, whose love A. Fet was deprived of in childhood. And the poems turn into a prayer:

AVE MARIA

AVE MARIA - the lamp is quiet,

Four verses are ready in the heart:

Pure maiden, grieving mother,

Your grace has penetrated my soul.

Queen of the sky, not the brilliance of the rays,

In a quiet dream come to her!

AVE MARIA - the lamp is quiet,

Four verses are ready in the heart.

1842

The poet represented the appointment of a woman as motherhood, and glorified the woman herself as the Madonna, carrying her son to people in the name of salvation.

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov.

The childhood of N.A. Nekrasov passed in the village of Greshnevo, which is located on the banks of the great Russian river Volga in a family of wealthy landowners. There was little pleasant in the life around him, the future poet had to experience enough sorrowful minutes. The poem "Motherland" is a biographical saga about his native land, where he spent his childhood, memories of tragic minutes from childhood. His mother, Elena Andreevna, is a kind, gentle woman who resigned herself to fate, lived with a man who tyrannized not only serfs and servants, but also all household members.

…Whose face flickers in the distant alley

Flickers between the branches, painfully sad?

I know why you cry, my mother!

Forever given to the gloomy ignoramus,

You did not indulge in unrealizable hope -

You were frightened by the thought of rebelling against fate,

You carried your lot in the silence of a slave ...

But I know: your soul was not impassive;

She was proud, stubborn and beautiful,

And everything that you have the strength to endure,

Did you forgive your death whisper to the destroyer? ..

Bitterness, pain, longing are also heard in other poems - memories of relatives and friends:

…See me, dear!

Appear as a light shadow for a moment!

You lived your whole life unloved,

You lived your whole life for others

With a head open to the storms of life,

All my life under an angry thunderstorm

You stood - with your chest

Protecting my beloved children...

("Knight for an Hour")

The poet of "revenge and sorrow" in his works often touched upon the tragic fate of a Russian woman, a woman-mother. This is the poem "Russian Women", and the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia", "Frost, Red Nose" and many others.

Village suffering is in full swing...

Share you! - Russian female share,

Hardly harder to find.

No wonder you wither before the time

All-enduring Russian tribe

Long-suffering mother!

And again there are lines from a prayer addressed to the Mother of God, in defense and forgiveness, in mercy:

Day-to-day my sadness,

In the night, the night pilgrimage,

For centuries my dry-house ...

("Orina, mother of a soldier")

Not a single poet before N.A. Nekrasov sang with such force the image of a woman, a woman-mother. How amazing the ideal images are created by the master. How beautiful are the images created by Nekrasov, who are in constant work, the joys and sorrows of motherhood and the struggle for the family.

Poetry of the 20th century. New wave

The twentieth century broke into literature and, in particular, into poetry, with the novelty of forms, versification, size, lexical turns. A lot of different trends appeared with their own ideological views, new themes. But the theme of motherhood not only remained one of the most important, but also sounded with renewed vigor. A. Blok, I. Severyanin, O. Mandelstam, M. Tsvetaeva, B. Akhmadulina, E. Yevtushenko and many others addressed this topic more than once.

Sergey Yesenin

But perhaps the most capacious, expressive, national image of the mother belongs to Sergei Yesenin. In the Russian consciousness, the image of the mother has always been assigned a special role: she is the giver of life, and the nurse, and the protector, and the saddener for the hardships of children, she is the personification of her native land, she is the “mother green oak tree”, and “Mother Volga”, and “ Motherland”, and finally, “mother - damp earth” - the last shelter and refuge of every person.

It is unlikely that there will be a person who does not know the Yesenin lines of "Letters to Mother". And even the most hardened heart in the storms of life shrinks at the memory of the mother when reading his poems or singing songs, even if they are strangers, but so similar to him with their love, anxiety, patience.

Are you still alive, my old lady?
I'm alive too. Hello you, hello!
Let it flow over your hut
That evening unspeakable light...<…>
Nothing, dear! Take it easy.
It's just painful bullshit.
I'm not such a bitter drunkard,
To die without seeing you.<…>
I'm still just as gentle
And I only dream about
So that rather from rebellious longing
Return to our low house.<…>
And don't teach me to pray. No need!
There is no return to the old.
You are my only help and joy,
You are my only inexpressible light<… >

1924

S. Yesenin's friend Ivan Evdokimov recalls the poet reading the letter:“... my throat was tightly clamped tightly, hiding and hiding, I cried, in the depths of a huge ridiculous chair, on which I sat in a darkening space between the windows.”

Such a piercingly exciting image of the mother was formed by the poet only at the end of his life. Mother in Yesenin's poems is a symbol of childhood, home, hearth, native land, Motherland. She becomes like all the mothers of the Russian land, patiently waiting for the return of their sons and grieving over their troubles and failures.

The words in the poet's verses are often intertwined with the words of many prayers addressed toMother of God:

“O God the Virgin, do not despise me, a sinner, demanding Your help and your intercession, my soul hopes for you, and have mercy on me ...”

Yesenin, dedicating poems to his mother, made his son's prayer for the Mother. And his prayer reached the heart, broke into the memory forever and became a folk song.

Anna Akhmatova

The stubborn and wayward girl had an evenly cold relationship with her mother, and therefore we do not find warm words dedicated to a carefree childhood. However, the theme of motherhood in A. Akhmatova can be traced from early work. And through all the verses - the image of the Mother Martyr, intercessor, Mother of God.

Mother's share is light torture,

I didn't deserve it.

The gate dissolved into a white paradise,

Magdalena took her son.

My every day is cheerful, good,

I got lost in the long spring

Only hands yearn for the burden,

I only hear his crying in my sleep.

1914

The tragic fate of Akhmatova repeated the thousands of women's shares that fell on the shoulders of the mothers of the repressed. The pain of all mothers merged into one dark, all-consuming and resulted in the poem "Requiem"

Mountains bend before this grief,
The great river does not flow
But the prison gates are strong,
And behind them "convict holes"
And deadly sadness.
For someone the fresh wind blows,
For someone, the sunset basks -
We don't know, we're the same everywhere
We hear only the hateful rattle of the keys
Yes, steps are heavy soldiers.
We got up like it was early lunchtime.
We walked through the wild capital,

They met there, the dead lifeless,

The sun is lower and the Neva is more foggy,
And hope sings in the distance.
The verdict ... And immediately the tears will gush,
Already separated from everyone
As if life is taken out of the heart with pain,
As if rudely overturned,
But it goes... It staggers... Alone...
Where are the unwitting girlfriends now
My two rabid years?..<…>

The quiet Don flows quietly,
The yellow moon enters the house.
Included in a cap on one side -
Sees the yellow moon shadow.

This woman is sick
This woman is alone
Husband in the grave, son in prison,
Pray for me.<…>

And again the name of the Mother of God sounds, the name of the sufferer, the great martyr - the name of the Mother.

crucifixion
"Do not cry to Me, Mati,
in the grave they are sighted."
1
The choir of angels glorified the great hour,
And the heavens went up in flames.
He said to his father: "Why did you leave me?"
And Mothers: "Oh, don't cry for me..."

2
Magdalene fought and sobbed,
The beloved student turned to stone,
And to where silently Mother stood,
So no one dared to look.

Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva

The poetry of Marina Tsvetaeva is a stream of turbulent memories of a distant carefree childhood, where her mother, Maria Alexandrovna Main, loved to play the piano, instilling a love of music and art in her daughters.

… We, like you, welcome the sunsets
Reveling in the nearness of the end.
All that we are rich on the best evening,
You put us in our hearts.

Tirelessly leaning towards children's dreams

(Without you, only a month looked at them!),
You led your little ones by
Bitter life of thoughts and deeds.

From an early age, who is sad is close to us,
Laughter is boring and homemade is alien ...
Our ship is not sent off in a good moment
And floats at the behest of all winds!

All paler azure island - childhood,
We are alone on deck.
It can be seen that sadness left a legacy
You, O mother, to your girls!

1908

In the cycle "In the first poems about mother" we see and feel all the tenderness and touchingness of Tsvetaeva in relation to loved ones, especially to her mother.

Subsequently, after many years of wandering, troubles, rejection, separation, in her lyrics we see an appeal to God, prayer verses.

For the Boy - for the Dove - for the Son,
For Tsarevich young Alexy
Pray, Church Russia!
Wipe angel eyes

Remember how you fell on the slabs
Pigeon Uglitsky - Dimitri.
Affectionate you, Russia, mother!
Oh, don't you have enough
On him - love grace? …

The suffering of a mother who gives her child to people, eternal patience, love, expectation, hope - feelings that permeate the poems of Marina Tsvetaeva, glorifying the difficult mother's lot.

Modernity and poems about mother

Love for a mother is one of the most intimate themes not only in Russianbut also world poetry.

Mom ... this is the purest spring from which every person draws strength. This is our hope, our support, our protection, our love.

In poems about the Great Patriotic War, we see the all-forgiving heart of mothers who see off their sons to the war - to defend the Motherland.

The first bullet in any war

A mother's heart is struck.

Whoever wins the last fight

And the heart of a mother suffers! ..

(K.Kuliev)

And again, prayers in the verses of contemporaries sound with renewed vigor.

Oh, why are you, the sun is red,

You're all leaving - don't you say goodbye?

Oh, why from a joyless war,

Son, are you coming back?

I will save you from trouble

I will fly like an eagle quickly ...

Respond, my blood!

Small, the only...

White light is not nice.

I got sick.

Come back, my hope!

my grain,

my little dawn,

My goryushko, -

Where are you?

"Requiem" R. Rozhdestvensky

Modern poetry continues the traditions of the classics, singing the image of a mother - a simple peasant woman, a Motherland, a mother-soldier who gave her sons to the war, a mother -Mother of God, who brings to the world a part of herself, her soul, her life - her child.

The theme of separations, meetings, farewells sounds more often ...

We, like moorings, are waiting for native lands ...

And, burnt by the winds of the ways,

You, father's house, returning, as for the first time,

You will see the hands of your mother ...

That they merged all the good, the holy,

And the light of the window, and the trembling of the ripe fields,

That they, sleepless, would have more peace,

And you do not give them all peace!

I. Volobueva.

The mother is metaphorically and figuratively presented in the work written in blank verse by the German poet Zbigniew Herbert "Mother":

He fell from her knees like a ball of wool.

Developed hastily and ran blindly.

She held the beginning of life

about waving around your finger

Like a thin ring. I wanted to save.

And he rolled down the steep and climbed up the mountain.

And he came to her, confused, and was silent.

Will never return to sweet

the throne of her knees.

Outstretched arms shine in the dark

like an old city.

Mom is the closest and dearest person on earth. Next to her, whether we are five, twenty or fifty years old, we are always children, and we have, as S. Yesenin said, “help and joy” in the face of our mothers. The understanding of this does not come immediately, but the older we get, the more acutely we feel the tragedy of the inevitable loss and our guilt for not always being grateful enough, attentive, tender enough. You can't bring back the past, so you have to protect the present.

List of used literature.

Akhmatova A.A. Poems. Poems. Tsvetaeva M.I. Poems. Poem. Dramaturgy. Essay. – M.: Olimp; LLC Firm AST Publishing House, 1998.

Nekrasov N.N. Poems. Poems. Articles. – M.: Olimp; Publishing house AST, 1996.

Poetry of the Silver Age at school: A book for teachers / ed. E.M. Boldyreva, A.V. Ledenev. – M.: Bustard, 2001.

Silver Age. Poetry. (School of classics) - M .: AST, Olympus, 1996.

A.A. Fet.. Leningrad, Soviet writer, 1959.

love

mothers...

Great and diverse is Russian poetry, which, during its development and existence, has managed to absorb and contain all the storms of social upheavals and transformations. Its civic and social sound and significance is indisputable. At the same time, she always knew how to capture and express the subtlest and most intimate movements of the human soul; and in harsh times, rising to the alarm thunder, poetry did not break off its pure and subtle melody of a heart in love; it opened and strengthened global philosophical truths, shook up hitherto existing ideas about the world order.

From this great sea, which seems to reflect all the abysses, you can draw incessantly - and it will never become shallow. It is no coincidence, therefore, that we publish voluminous collections and entire volumes of poems about comradeship and friendship, love and nature, soldier's courage and the Motherland. Any of these themes deserved and received its full and worthy embodiment in the deep and original works of the masters of poetry.

But there is another holy page in our poetry, dear and close to any non-hardened heart, any unlost soul that has not forgotten and not abandoned its origins - this is poetry about the mother.

Gamzanov wrote, bowing to his mother:

Everyone stand up and listen standing,

Preserved in all its glory

The word is ancient, holy!

Straighten up! Get up! Stand up everyone!

This word will never deceive,

In it is hidden a being of life,

It is the source of everything. He has no end.

Get up, I pronounce it: mother! ..

Mum! How capacious, how beautiful is this word! Maxim Gorky wrote: “Without the sun, flowers do not bloom, without love there is no happiness, without a woman there is no love, without a mother there is neither a poet nor a hero, all the pride of the world comes from Mothers!”

What could be more sacred in the world than a mother! ..

From the first day of a child's life, the mother lives by his breath, his tears and smiles. A person who has not yet taken a step on the ground and is just starting to babble, uncertainly and diligently adds up “ma-ma” in syllables and, feeling his luck, seeing a joyful mother, laughs, happy ...

The sun warms all living things, and maternal love warms the life of a baby. Mom has the kindest and most affectionate heart. I recall lines from a poem by L. Nikolaenko:

I love you mom, why, I don't know

Probably because I live and dream

And I rejoice in the sun, and a bright day.

That's why I love you dear...

All the most precious shrines are named and illuminated by the name of the mother, because the very concept of life is connected with this name.

Happy is he who from childhood has known maternal affection and has grown up under the caring warmth and light of maternal gaze; and to death suffers and is tormented, having lost in the early years his most precious being in the world - his mother; and even ending his seemingly not in vain and usefully lived century, he cannot, without tears and bitterness, remember this unhealed pain, this terrible loss, which burdened his merciless fate.

It is no coincidence that with all our hearts we respond to the poetry of G. Lysenko, a poet from Vladivostok, whose biography is easily guessed behind the lines of poetry: homeless post-war childhood, cloudless youth ... The poet wrote a poem dedicated to the memory of his mother:

Hand casting a fresh throne:

Still warm. I will remember another copper.

Mother before her death will throw an icon into the oven -

Then I wouldn't even dare to do that.

Then the night seemed long to me.

Mother died.

I am naive with audacity

Vinyl in everything is not God, but doctors.

Kazin showed his incomprehensible bitterness and loss in the final lines of the poem "At the Mother's Grave":

Oppresses and grief, and bewilderment,

A nail stuck in my being,

I stand - your living continuation,

The beginning has lost its own.

With respect and gratitude, we look at a person who reverently pronounces the name of his mother to gray hair and respectfully protects her old age; and with contempt - who forgot about the woman who gave birth and raised him, and in the bitter old age turned away from her, refused a good memory, a piece or shelter. A poem by the poet A. Remizova about feelings for her mother “Take care of mothers” will be very relevant for such people:

Please take care of mothers

Warmly shelter from the blizzard of life,

Their love is a hundred times hot

Than friends and beloved girlfriend.

Mother will take your pain

All the torment, confusion and torment,

Mother will put bread and salt on the road

And stretch out his hands towards you ...

In printed literature, which was originally reserved only for members of the upper classes, the image of the mother remained in the background for a long time. Perhaps the reason for this phenomenon is simple and natural: after all, then the children of the nobility, as a rule, were taken for education not only tutors, but also fed, and the children of the nobility, unlike peasant children, were artificially separated from their mother and fed with the milk of other women; therefore, there was - albeit not quite conscious - a dulling of filial feelings, which, in the final analysis, could not but affect the work of future poets.

It is no coincidence that not a single poem was written about his parent and so many lovely poetic dedications to his nanny Arina Rodionovna, whom the poet often called affectionately and carefully - “mother”.

We all know Pushkin's favorite lines:

Friend of my harsh days,

My decrepit dove!

Alone in the wilderness of pine forests

You've been waiting for me for a long, long time...

And indeed, nothing human was alien to Alexander Sergeevich. In these lines we hear his lively voice, the play of the poet's living feeling.

The theme of mother sounded really deep and strong in democratic poetry. Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov created a surprisingly whole and capacious image of a peasant woman-mother. Suffice it to recall his poems “... There are women in Russian villages”, “Village suffering is in full swing”, “Orina, a soldier’s mother”, “Knight for an hour”, the epic poem “To whom it is good to live in Russia”.

The image of the mother already in oral folk poetry acquired the captivating features of the keeper of the hearth, the hard-working and faithful wife, the protector of her own children and the unfailing guardian of all the destitute, offended and offended. He continued this theme in his work. In the poem “To whom it is good to live in Russia,” the poet described the love for the children of a peasant woman, Matryona Timofeevna. Dyomushka's death was a terrible tragedy for his mother. All the hardships of a hard peasant life, the death of a child still cannot break Matryona Timofeevna. Time passes, she has children every year, and she continues to live, raise her children, and do hard work. Matryona Timofeevna is ready to do anything to protect her beloved children. This is evidenced by an episode when they wanted to punish her son Fedot for a fault. Matryona throws herself at the feet of a passing landowner to help save the boy from punishment. And the landowner said:

Shepherd of a minor

By youth, by stupidity

Forgive ... but a daring woman

About to punish!

Why did Matryona Timofeevna suffer punishment? For his boundless love for children, for his willingness to sacrifice himself for them.

The traditions of Nekrasov were promptly picked up and widely and fully developed not only by such poets as I. Surikov, I. Nikitin, but in the course of the further literary process by later authors. Of these, first of all, it is necessary to name the name of Sergei Yesenin, who created surprisingly sincere and emotional poems about his mother, a peasant woman by birth and occupation, therefore, in some ways continuing the gallery of Nekrasov's images.

One of S. Yesenin's poems "Letter to Mother" is addressed to the closest person on Earth and begins with an appeal:

Are you still alive, my old lady?

I'm alive too. Hello you, hello!

Let it flow over your hut

That evening unspeakable light...

… That you often go to the road

In an old-fashioned ramshackle.

The image of the poem expresses the motive of the meeting. From Yesenin's lines:

They write to me that you, concealing anxiety,

She was very sad about me,

you can find out that Yesenin's mother is alive and anxiously waiting for a meeting with her son.

In difficult moments of his life, his heart was drawn to the parental hearth. Many Russian poets have written about mothers more than once, but it seems to me that Yesenin's poems can be called the most touching declarations of love to a "dear, dear old woman." His lines are full of piercing cordiality.

Peaceful labor, procreation, the unity of man with nature - these are the ideals according to which history should be tuned. Any deviation from this life, established for centuries, threatens with unpredictable consequences, leads to tragedy, to misfortune.

The name of this misfortune is war. The joy of life is overshadowed by the memories of the dead and those who did not return. And no matter how many simple-haired mothers run out into the alleys and look from under the palms - do not wait for those dear to the heart! No matter how many tears flow from swollen and discolored eyes, do not wash away the longing! It is about such aged, bent to the ground from vigilant maternal grief that many poems were written by the poets A. Tvardovsky, Y. Smelyakov, D. Blynsky, O. Bergholz, M. Maksimov, A. Dementyev ...

It is impossible without inner trepidation and deep complicity to read the lines of high meaning from Nekrasov’s poem “Listening to the horrors of war” about the holy sincere tears of mothers:

... Holy, sincere tears -

These are the tears of poor mothers!

They can't forget their children

Those who died in the bloody field,

How not to raise a weeping willow

Of their drooping branches...

This topic is continued by A. Nedogonov in the poem "Mother's Tears" despite the fact that his son returned from the war:

... The fifth snow swirled, swirled the road

Above the bones of the enemy at the Mozhaisk birch.

The gray-haired son returned to his native threshold ...

Mother's tears, mother's tears!

Another era dictated its own motives. The image of the mother began to look even more tragic against the backdrop of the great and terrible in its bitterness of the past war. Who more than a mother endured suffering at this time? She lost her sons at the front, survived the occupation and was left with small children in her arms without bread and shelter, she worked to exhaustion in the shops and fields and, with all her might helping the Fatherland to stand, shared the last piece with the front. She endured and overcame everything, and therefore, in our minds, the concepts of “motherland” and “mother” have long merged into one.

The beautiful, courageous image of the mother-heroine is described in the poem "Mother":

... And herself, like a mother bird, towards -

Take the enemy away for a short time.

And one grabbed her by the shoulders,

And another tore off her handkerchief.

But what fire was still hidden

In this weak, withered chest!

She smiled at the soldier.

Have you dealt with the old lady? Lead! -

Led, dragged to torment

For love and honor to answer.

They broke her, tied her hands -

Hands that worked for so many years.

That they cooked food, mowed rye,

That versts of cloth were woven,

That the sons-bogatyrs raised -

Far away sons. Around the war ...

Beaten - not killed. Like a dog

They quit. Woke up with dew.

That's okay. You can even cry

So that the dogs do not see the tears ...

The image of a mother from time immemorial bore the features of drama and even tragedy, and almost always, and above all, it sounded socially: if a mother, the most holy creature on earth, is bad, is it possible to talk about the justice of the world?

It is impossible to remain indifferent to the poem "Requiem".

An unfamiliar woman asked her to describe all the horrors of Yezhovism, just like the one who stood in the prison queues in Leningrad. And Anna Andreevna responded. And it could not be otherwise, because, as she herself says:

I was then with my people,

Where my people, unfortunately, were...

Repressions fell not only on friends, but also on the Akhmatova family: the son, Lev Gumilyov, was arrested and exiled, and then the husband, and earlier, in 1921, the first husband, Yev, was shot.

Husband in the grave, son in prison,

Pray for me... -

she writes in the "Requiem", and in these lines one can hear the prayer of an unfortunate woman who has lost her loved ones.

Before us is the fate of the mother and son, whose images are correlated with the gospel symbols. We see either a simple woman whose husband is arrested at night, or a biblical Mother, whose Son was crucified. Here we have before us a simple Russian woman, in whose memory the crying of children, the swollen candle near the goddess, the sweat of death on the face of a loved one who is taken away at dawn will forever remain. She will cry for him in the same way that archery wives once cried under the walls of the Kremlin. Then suddenly we have before us the image of a mother, so similar to Anna Akhmatova herself, who cannot believe that everything is happening to her - a “mockery”, a “darling” ... How could she ever think that she would be the 300th in line at the Crosses . And now her whole life in these queues:

I've been screaming for seventeen months

I'm calling you home

I threw myself at the feet of the executioner,

You are my son and my horror ...

It is impossible to make out who is the "beast", who is the "man", because innocent people are arrested, and all the mother's thoughts involuntarily turn to death.

And then the verdict sounds - the “stone word”, and you have to kill the memory, make the soul petrified and learn to live again. And the mother again thinks about death, only now - her own. She seems to be her salvation, and it doesn’t matter what form she takes: “poisoned shell”, “weights”, “typhoid child”, - the main thing is that she will relieve suffering and spiritual emptiness. These sufferings are comparable only to the sufferings of the Mother of Jesus, who also lost her son.

But the mother understands that this is only madness, because death will not allow you to take with you:

Not a son of terrible eyes -

petrified suffering,

Not the day when the storm came

Not an hour of a prison meeting ...

So, we must live in order to name those who died in Stalin's dungeons, to remember always and everywhere who stood "both in the bitter cold and in the July heat under the blinded red wall."

There is a poem in the poem called "The Crucifixion". It describes the last moments of Jesus' life, his appeal to his mother and father. There is a misunderstanding of what is happening, and the realization comes that everything that is happening is meaningless and unfair, because there is nothing worse than the death of an innocent person and the grief of a mother who has lost her son.

In the poem, A. Akhmatova showed her involvement in the fate of the country. The famous prose writer B. Zaitsev, after reading the Requiem, said: “Could it be possible to imagine that this fragile and thin woman would make such a cry - female, maternal, a cry not only about herself, but also about all those who suffer - wives, mothers, brides , in general, about all those who are crucified? And it is impossible for a lyrical heroine to forget mothers who suddenly turned gray-haired, the howl of an old woman who lost her son and not embody their images in the poem. And the poem "Requiem" sounds for all those who died in the terrible time of repression, like a memorial prayer.

How stingy and tragic it sounds, how simple and close everything is to our time. And again, the crimson reflections of recent conflagrations instantly come to life in the blood, deadly shells howl and rumble, screams of horror and impotent groans are heard. And above all this torn and torn world, in silent sorrow, the bent figure of a mother grows.

In 2005, Lysenko Mila wrote another "Requiem for the Boys of the 131st Maikop Brigade" for the sad date of January 2, 1995, when our life exploded along with the explosions of the first shells in Grozny. Her son fought in this war. The mother recalls: “Yes, these shells not only tore the lives of our boys who served in the Maikop 131 motorized rifle brigade, they tore the lives of hundreds, thousands of families. Those who died and those who are alive - we must always remember this ... ”This is how Mila describes the image of a mother, love for her son, memory for children in Requiem for the Boys of the 131st Maikop Brigade”:

... Asphalt in the blood, huge blockages ...

Cars are burning, the flames are like daylight!

And at home, mothers watch TV,

Praying fate: "If only not about him!"

I read a telegram in the mail

She suddenly lost consciousness

And this is the son, keeping the mother's health -

He did not tell her where he went then.

And this mother, not believing her dreams,

Waited, and mentally shielding from the bullet,

Losing strength, weaving an alu shawl,

As if protecting her son.

And protected and found him,

When the strength is already running out,

In a distant city lay shell-shocked,

And yet he is alive, thin, but he walks, walks!

But how many of them, who, having waited,

Let's go look for our own boys!

How many months they walked around the yards,

Asking, crying all the quieter.

Then they learned with great difficulty

Out of a thousand of the same burnt ones,

Then they were buried by the whole regiment,

Playing music on the nerves of the bare.

And coming here for the tenth time

We want to say, shedding tears:

Relatives, you are all alive for us,

And you will be alive for years, years! ..

Even in the most seemingly calm times, an ominous fate hung and disturbed the mother, so the Russian mother from distant centuries bears the stamp of eternal suffering. Prosperous people, carelessly bathing in their happiness, rarely rise to understand the suffering of their neighbor; perhaps that is why the mother in our literature, who has had enough of dashing, is most often a compassionate person, able to understand and console the bypassed and neglected, support the weak and inspire faith in the disappointed. The power of maternal feelings is clearly and succinctly stated in L. Tatyanicheva’s poem “Sons”:

They tell me it's too much

I give love to children

What maternal anxiety

Makes my life older.

Well, what can I answer them -

As impassive as armor?

The love I gave to children

Makes me stronger...

But, acquiring the features of a symbol and fulfilling a huge social mission, the mother never lost her usual human features, remaining a hospitable hostess and an intelligent companion, a diligent worker and a natural-born songwriter, wide in a feast and courageous in grief, open in joy and restrained in sadness, and always kind, understanding and feminine.

Motherhood itself is a whole world.

Summarizing all of the above, bowing to the poets who skillfully, sincerely, lovingly described the image of the mother, I will try to create a literary portrait in a few lines of a poem in the prose of my own composition: “You are in my thoughts like that! Heavenly blueness - bright, clear. In the transparency of deep colors of inexplicable purity, with eyes of blue dreams, you stopped, lifting the child so that it could look at the path leading to the grove in the radiant fog. And on your face there is peace and grace - your two companions and every mother who is ready to suffer and wait for the child - to her, her first, to utter her word that is about to be born.

How not to be proud of her, one of the mothers, the initial seed of a huge life, to which she gave birth - like every mother in the world, who gives childhood to the world, neglecting her torment. So the sun gives the world at dawn its first ray, the baby of a new earthly day. And one who can weigh a grain of sand on his hand, imperceptible in the sand, is able to feel the entire weight of the planet. So the mother, her child, lifting up - holds the whole Earth. And that’s the only reason she can be called a saint.”

In essence, the image of the mother in Russian poetry has become a kind of standard of feminine virtues. The generous imagination of poets draws us an almost flawless being, but the tongue does not dare to say that such an addiction somewhere at times inevitably leads to idealization: indeed, the mother was and remains an outstanding personality!

Mother!.. Undoubtedly, this is one of the most profound and harmonious creations of Russian poetry!

Literature

1. "Stand up and listen standing up ..." // Mom. Poems of Russian poets about mother. - M .: Young Guard, 1980.- p. 39

2. Gorky about Italy. - M .: Fiction, 1973.- p.59

3. “I love you, mom…” // Mom. Poems of Russian poets about mother. - M .: Young Guard, 1980.- p. 39

4. Hand casting a fresh throne // Roof over your head. - V .: Far Eastern book publishing house, 1979. - p. ten

5. At the mother's grave // ​​Mom. Poems of Russian poets about mother. - M .: Young Guard, 1980.- p. 107

6. Take care of mothers // Scientific and methodological journal "Class teacher", 2004 No. 3.- p. 110

7. Pushkin // Pushkin. - M .: Children's literature, 1978. - p. 174

8. Nekrasov in Russia to live well // Nekrasov. - T.3.- M .: Pravda, 1954. - p. 83-96

9. Yesenin mother // Yesenin. - M .: Fiction, 1985.- p. 76

10. "Listening to the horrors of war ..." // Nekrasov works. In 2 vols. T. 1.- M .: Fiction, 1966. - p.110

11. Maternal tears // Mom. Poems of Russian poets about mother. - M .: Young Guard, 1980.- p. 53

12. Tvardovsky // Tvardovsky. - M .: Children's literature, 1985. - p.18

13. Akhmatova // Akhmatova and poems. - M .: Young Guard, 1989. - p. 147-157

14. Sons // Mom. Poems of Russian poets about mother. - M .: Young Guard, 1980.- p. 39

15. You are in my thoughts like that. Poem in prose // The image of the mother in poetry. - D .: 2008

Appendix to the work "The Image of the Mother in Poetry"

Creative work of a student of the second year of group No. 82

by profession "Cook, confectioner"

Valuyskaya Anastasia Sergeevna

"The image of the mother" (6 drawings)