Goncharov's novel "Oblomov" was highly appreciated by critics of the second half of XIX century. In particular, Belinsky noted that the work was timely and reflected the socio-political thought of the 50-60s of the nineteenth century. Two lifestyles - Oblomov and Stolz - are considered in this article in comparison.
Characteristics of Oblomov
Ilya Ilyich was distinguished by a desire for peace, inaction. Oblomov cannot be called interesting and varied: he used to spend most of the day in thought, lying on the couch. Plunging into these thoughts, he often throughout the day never got up from his bed, did not go out into the street, did not recognize latest news. He did not read newspapers as a matter of principle, so as not to bother himself with unnecessary, and most importantly, meaningless information. Oblomov can be called a philosopher, he is concerned about other issues: not everyday, not momentary, but eternal, spiritual. He looks for meaning in everything.
When looking at him, one gets the impression that he is a happy freethinker, not burdened by the hardships and problems of external life. But life "touches, gets everywhere" Ilya Ilyich, makes him suffer. Dreams remain only dreams, because he does not know how to translate them into real life. Even reading tires him: Oblomov has many books he has begun, but they all remain unread, misunderstood. The soul seems to be dormant in him: he avoids unnecessary anxieties, worries, anxieties. In addition, Oblomov often compares his calm, secluded existence with the lives of other people and finds that it’s not good to live the way others live: “When to live?”
This is what constitutes the ambiguous image of Oblomov. "Oblomov" (Goncharov I.A.) was created in order to describe the personality of this character - uncommon and extraordinary in his own way. He is not alien to impulses and deep emotional experiences. Oblomov is a true dreamer with a poetic, sensitive nature.
Stolz characteristic
Oblomov's way of life can in no way be compared with Stolz's world outlook. The reader first meets this character in the second part of the work. Andrei Stoltz loves everything in order: his day is scheduled by the hour and minute, dozens of important things are planned that need to be urgently redone. Today he is in Russia, tomorrow, you see, he has already unexpectedly gone abroad. What Oblomov finds boring and meaningless is important and significant for him: trips to cities, villages, intentions to improve the quality of life of those around him.
He opens in his soul such treasures that Oblomov cannot even guess. Stolz's way of life consists entirely in activities that feed his whole being with the energy of cheerfulness. In addition, Stolz good friend: more than once he helped Ilya Ilyich in business matters. The way of life of Oblomov and Stolz is different from each other.
What is "Oblomovism"?
As a social phenomenon, the concept denotes a focus on an idle, monotonous, devoid of color and any kind of change in life. Andrei Stoltz called "Oblomovism" the very way of life of Oblomov, his desire for endless peace and the absence of any activity. Despite the fact that a friend constantly pushed Oblomov to the opportunity to change the way of existence, he did not budge at all, as if he did not have enough energy to do this. At the same time, we see that Oblomov admits his mistake, uttering the following words: "I have long been ashamed to live in the world." He feels useless, unnecessary and abandoned, and therefore he does not want to dust off the table, sort out books that have been lying there for a month, and once again leave the apartment.
Love in the understanding of Oblomov
Oblomov's way of life did not contribute in any way to the acquisition of real, and not fictitious, happiness. He dreamed and planned more than he actually lived. It is amazing, but in his life there was a place for a quiet rest, philosophical reflections on the essence of being, but there was a lack of strength for decisive action and the implementation of intentions. Love for Olga Ilyinskaya for a while pulls Oblomov out of his usual existence, makes him try new things, start taking care of himself. He even forgets his old habits and sleeps only at night, and goes about his business during the day. But still, love in Oblomov's worldview is directly related to dreams, thoughts and poetry.
Oblomov considers himself unworthy of love: he doubts whether Olga can love him, whether he suits her enough, whether he is capable of making her happiness. Such thoughts lead him to sad thoughts about his useless life.
Love in the understanding of Stolz
Stoltz approaches the issue of love more rationally. He does not indulge in ephemeral dreams in vain, as he soberly looks at life, without fantasy, without the habit of analyzing. Stolz is a business man. He does not need romantic walks in the moonlight, loud declarations of love and sighs on the bench, because he is not Oblomov. Stolz's lifestyle is very dynamic and pragmatic: he proposes to Olga at the moment when he realizes that she is ready to accept him.
What did Oblomov come to?
As a result of protective and cautious behavior, Oblomov misses the opportunity to build a close relationship with Olga Ilyinskaya. His marriage was upset shortly before the wedding - he gathered for too long, explained himself, asked himself, compared, estimated, analyzed Oblomov. The characterization of the image of Oblomov Ilya Ilyich teaches not to repeat the mistakes of an idle, aimless existence, raises the question of what love really is? Is she the object of lofty, poetic aspirations, or is it the calm joy, peace that Oblomov finds in the house of the widow Agafya Pshenitsyna?
Why did Oblomov's physical death occur?
The result of Ilya Ilyich's philosophical reflections is this: he preferred to bury his former aspirations and even lofty dreams in himself. with Olga, his life focused on everyday existence. He knew no greater joy than to eat well and sleep after dinner. Gradually, the engine of his life began to stop, subside: ailments and cases became more frequent. Even his former thoughts left him: there was no longer any place for them in a quiet room that looked like a coffin, in all this sluggish life that lulled Oblomov, more and more away from reality. Mentally, this man was long dead. Physical death was only a confirmation of the falsity of his ideals.
Achievements of Stolz
Stolz, unlike Oblomov, did not miss his chance to become happy: he built family well-being with Olga Ilyinskaya. This marriage was made out of love, in which Stolz did not fly into the clouds, did not stay in destructive illusions, but acted more than reasonably and responsibly.
The way of life of Oblomov and Stolz are diametrically opposed and opposed to each other. Both characters are unique, inimitable and significant in their own way. This may explain the strength of their friendship over the years.
Each of us is close to either the type of Stolz or Oblomov. There is nothing wrong with that, and the coincidences are likely to be only partial. Deep, loving to reflect on the essence of life, most likely, Oblomov's experiences, his restless mental throwing and searching will be understandable. Business pragmatists, who have left romance and poetry far behind, will embody themselves with Stolz.
In the novel Oblomov, Alexander Goncharov touches on the theme of friendship between people who are completely different in character and views.
A comparative description of the image of Oblomov and Stolz will help the reader figure out whether she is able to change a person for the better.
Childhood and upbringing
Ilya Ilyich Oblomov grew up as a spoiled child. Parents took care of their son too much, did not give him the opportunity to prove himself. Didn't like to study. He believed that science was sent to people as a punishment for sins. As a thirteen-year-old boy, he was placed in a boarding school. He often asked his mother for permission to stay at home, not to go to school. I did not get enough knowledge at the university because of my own laziness.
Andrei Ivanovich Stolz was a smart boy. Knowledge absorbed like a sponge. His father raised him strictly. Mother did not encourage "labor education". When the father sent his son to the university, he did not lead him to the city. I said goodbye at the gate without unnecessary emotions, put on his cap, and pushed him so hard that he knocked him down.
Appearance
Ilya It has excess weight. His "chubby arms and soft shoulders" gave the appearance of a certain effeminacy. "His complexion was not ruddy or swarthy, he seemed positively pale." There were always some thoughts in gray eyes that quickly disappeared before they could settle in my head.
Andrew thin, he has no cheeks at all, his skin is swarthy. "He was made of bones, nerves and muscles, reminiscent of an English horse." His face had expressive green eyes. From him comes masculinity and health.
Aspirations and prosperity
Ilya Oblomov at thirty-two, he had made absolutely nothing on his own. He left the service because of a stupid mistake he made, sending important documents to the wrong address. He was unable to complete a simple task. Lives in rented apartments. An estate inherited from parents suffers losses and does not bring proper prosperity. Ilya Ilyich knows nothing about financial matters.
He does not try to keep pace and create something in life. Lying on the couch, constantly being in a sleepy state.
Stolz“Served, retired, went about his own business and made a house and money. He is involved in some company that sends goods abroad.” Does not allow mistakes in work. He achieved respect in society and material wealth, thanks to his own efforts. “Constantly on the move: if a society needs to send an agent to England or Belgium, they send him. Should be created new project or disassemble new idea- Choose Stolz.
Love for a woman
Andrew respectful of the opposite sex. In relations with Olga Ilyinskaya, he manifests himself as a true gentleman, able to solve all the worries of his beloved, to please her. He achieved his goal - he married the one he loves.
Ilya always tactful in dealing with women. He loved Olga Ilyinskaya, but he could not overcome his laziness, unwillingness to change. I was afraid of the routine of marriage. He brought his beloved a lot of trouble, she often cried because of his caustic speeches. He married the widow Pshenitsyna, from whom he rented a room. She demanded absolutely nothing from him. Such relationships suited Oblomov.
Attitude to life
Andrey Stoltz, full of health, wishes to live for many more years. Although he is a realist, phrases are often heard from his lips that he wants to "live for two hundred, three hundred years." Adheres to the goal that everything should be carried out on the basis of clearly defined tasks. The dream had no place in his soul.
Ilya Oblomov calls himself "the old caftan". Sometimes he voices thoughts that he would lie down and fall asleep forever. Likes to dream. His imagination often draws fictitious pictures. Especially clearly highlights the images of the future wife and children.
I.A. Goncharov in his novel touches on a very topical issue of the opposition of labor and laziness, which for centuries has remained the most discussed and debatable. In our time, this topic is very problematic, since in our modern society technology is progressing and people stop working, laziness grows into the meaning of life.
The heroes of the novel Oblomov and Stolz are friends with early childhood. Their acquaintance takes place while studying at the house of Stolz's father, who taught the basics of the most important sciences.
Ilya Oblomov comes from a noble family, from early childhood little Ilya is groomed and cherished. Parents and nannies forbid him to show any independent activity. Ilyusha, seeing such an attitude towards himself, immediately realized that he could do nothing, since other people would do it all for him. His training took place in the house of Stolz, he did not particularly want to study, and his parents indulged him in this. So passed the whole youth of Oblomov. Adult life was no different from childhood and youth, Oblomov continues to lead a calm and lazy lifestyle. His passivity and idleness are reflected in Everyday life. He woke up for dinner, slowly climbed out of bed, lazily took food and was not interested in any business. Laziness, laid down since childhood, did not give Oblomov the slightest chance of striving for science, for knowledge of the world around him. Despite all this, his imagination was very well developed, because due to idleness, Oblomov's imaginary world was very rich. Oblomov was also a very gullible person, and the main person whom Ilya trusted was Andrei Stoltz. Shtolts is the complete antipode of Oblomov. From early childhood Andrei was accustomed to order, to work. His parents brought him up strictly but fairly. His father, who was German by nationality, instilled in Andrei accuracy, diligence and punctuality. From a young age, Andrei carried out various assignments from his father, tempering his character. He studied with Ilya, with his father, unlike Oblomov, Andrei was good at science, and he studied them with curiosity. Stolz's transition from childhood to adulthood happened very early, so Andrei was a very active person. He strove for constant replenishment of knowledge, because “learning is light, and ignorance is darkness. He had a sober and practical view of the events that were taking place, he never did anything hastily without thinking about the given issue that he needed to solve. The prudence and punctuality laid down from childhood found a place for themselves in adult life Stolz. Mobility and vigor contributed to him in any undertakings. Considering the life positions of Oblomov and Stolz in relation to Olga Ilyinskaya, the following conclusions can be drawn: Oblomov, living in his own world - "Oblomovshchina", was a romantic who for a long time decided to take concrete steps in real life. Their acquaintance with Olga Ilyinskaya is due to Stolz. Their relationship was not strong from the very beginning. Olga, knowing a lot about Oblomov from Stolz's stories, tries to bring Oblomov back to life by means of her love, but she fails to do this and Oblomovshchina wins. The relationship between Olga and Andrey develops by itself throughout life, "she laughs at his jokes, and he listens to her singing with pleasure." They had a lot in common, but the most important thing was that they strove for life, and this contributed to their rapprochement and the formation of a family.
Be that as it may, the fates of both heroes are relatively successful. Stolz finds his happiness with Olga, and Oblomov finds his Oblomovka in a house on the Vyborg side and lives out his life there with the woman he has always dreamed of. Such a denouement shows that the author's position in relation to both of his characters is positive.
After reading the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov", I am inclined to think that the events described in this work can be applied to our time, since in modern society there are many people like Stolz and Oblomov. And their opposition will be eternal.
Comparative characteristics of Oblomov and Stolz
Lazy people are always going to do something.
Luc de Clapier Vauvenargues.
The novel "Oblomov" was written by I.A. Goncharov in 1859. When the work was published, it captured all the attention of society. Critics and writers called the novel “a sign of the times” (N.A. Dobrolyubov), “the most important thing that has not been for a long time” (L.N. Tolstoy), a new word has appeared in everyday life: “Oblomovism”. I.S. Turgenev once remarked: “As long as at least one Russian remains, Oblomov will be remembered until then.”
Starting to read this work, to be honest, I was a little annoyed. From the first chapters, the image of Oblomov was incomprehensible to me, and even ... I had a certain dislike for this character. Not to the work itself, but to it. I can explain - my namesake greatly resented me with his laziness and apathy. It was unbearable. And how glad I was to learn in the process of reading this novel that Oblomov has, as Dobrolyubov puts it, an “antidote” - his friend Andrei Stoltz. Strange, but for some reason I was very happy. I noticed that Goncharov took advantage of this antithesis for a reason - he shows two opposites, originally conceived as an opposition between the West and Russia. But I learned about this a little later, in a literature lesson ...
What about the comparison of these characters? Take, for example, the image of Oblomov in the novel. He is not drawn with satirical, but rather with soft, sad humor, although his laziness and inertia often appear grotesque, for example, in the first part of the novel, Oblomov's day is described, during which the hero cannot gather strength for a long and painful time to get up from the couch . This is how it appears before us main character. Why be surprised? Everything comes from childhood! Let's remember Oblomovka, the village where Ilya lived as a child... Oblomovka is a village of peace, blessings, sleep, laziness, illiteracy, stupidity. Everyone in it lived for his own pleasure, without experiencing any mental, moral and spiritual needs. The Oblomovites had no goals, no troubles; no one thought about why man, the world, was created. And it was in this atmosphere that Ilya Ilyich Oblomov grew up and, I’m not afraid of this word ... “educated” Ilya Ilyich Oblomov ... Further, in the process of reading, we learn about his studies at the boarding school, where he “... listened to what the teachers said, because there was nothing else to do it was impossible, and with difficulty, with sweat, with sighs, he learned the lessons given to him ... ”About the same later, he treated the service. True, at the very beginning he dreamed of serving Russia, "until he was strong." But laziness and indifference to life were so deep that all his noble dreams remained unfulfilled. He turns into a sloth and couch potato. The people around you are used to it. But do not think that Oblomov is completely hopeless. All powers and all positive traits it is revealed in his romance with Olga Ilyinskaya, which, however, is torn apart due to Oblomov's inability to radically change his lifestyle and take serious practical steps.
What about Stoltz? Stolz is the complete opposite of Oblomov. Half German by nationality, he grew up in an atmosphere of mental and physical labor. Stolz has been accustomed to order since childhood and knows for sure that everything in life can only be achieved through hard work. He repeated this thought to Oblomov tirelessly. This is natural, because Ilya Ilyich was nurtured like "an exotic flower in a greenhouse." Stolz, on the other hand, grew up as "a cactus accustomed to drought." And just like that, all this was the soil for the further way of life of a friend of Ilya Ilyich. Andrei is energetic, not devoid of charm, gives the impression of a reliable person. As for me, but I see a strong and straightforward personality in Stolz, I don’t understand why Chekhov said otherwise about him. Stolz is super-energetic, muscular, active, firmly on his feet, amassed a large capital, a scientist who travels a lot. He has friends everywhere, he is respected as strong personality. He is one of the main representatives of the trading company. He is cheerful, cheerful, hardworking ... This is the difference from Oblomov, which is evident.
Behind the antithesis of Stolz and Oblomov, one can see the opposition of the West and Russia. Stolz is portrayed by Goncharov as a harmonious, comprehensively developed personality, combining German pragmatism and Russian spirituality. He is clearly idealized by the author, who sees the future of Russia in Stolz and others like him, the possibility of its progressive development, this is emphasized in the plot by the fact that Olga Ilyinskaya gives her hand to Stolz. This, in my opinion, is the main comparison between Andrei Stolz and Ilya Oblomov.
Literature - 10th grade.
Lesson topic: “Oblomov and Stolz. Comparative characteristics"
(based on the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov")
Lesson objectives: to identify features author's position through a comparison of heroes (Oblomov and Stolz); develop characterization skills literary characters, research skills, logical thinking; educate a thoughtful reader, enrich the speech of students.
Lesson equipment: portrait of I.A. Goncharov, text of I.A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”, (presentation); notebooks for works on literature, illustrations.
Students should know:
The content of the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov";
The main idea of the work;
main images.
Students should be able to:
Correctly answer the questions posed by the teacher;
Summarize and organize educational material;
Improve your writing skills;
Draw conclusions and link them into a monologue statement.
During the classes.
IOrganizational moment.
IIImplementation of d.z. (I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov", The image of Stolz in the novel: family, upbringing, education, portrait features, lifestyle, value orientations (part 2,
chapters 1 - 4. Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov)
IIIMessage about the topic and purpose of the lesson.
IVPreparation for the perception of the work. Lesson plan work.
Good afternoon guys! The study of the novel by I.A. Goncharov makes us talk about the meaning of life, about the purpose of a person ... Pay attention to the topic of the lesson (recording the topic in notebooks).
Work plan:
1. The image of Stolz in the novel: family, upbringing, education, portrait features, lifestyle, value orientations (part 2, chapters 1 - 4)
2. Build and record the chain keywords revealing the character of Stolz, Oblomov (checking homework)
3. Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov:
You need to compare these characters, find out how they are similar and how they differ from each other.
Today we will consider one of the problematic issues of the work:
- Ilya Oblomov and Andrey Stolz ... who are they - twins or antipodes?
Let's define lexical meaning words antipode and double
2. Vocabulary work.
Antipode - (Greek antipodes - turned feet to feet). 1. only pl. Inhabitants of two opposite points of the earth, two opposite ends of one of the diameters of the globe (geographic). 2. someone or something. A person of opposite properties, tastes or beliefs (book). He is his perfect antipode, or he is his perfect antipode.
Double - a person who has a complete resemblance to another (both about a man and a woman).
What is your perception about Oblomov and Stolz?
Teacher: Our acquaintance with Oblomov has already taken place in previous lessons. We found out that our hero is slow, lazy, not focused. Let's give him a more detailed description. (student answers)
(We learn about Stolz in the first part of the novel, before he appears before the readers, that is, in absentia:
In connection with Oblomov's guests, who Ilya Ilyich "does not like", in contrast to his childhood friend Andrei Ivanovich Stolz, whom he "loved sincerely";
In connection with the dreams of the protagonist, where Stolz, who knew and appreciated best qualities Ilya Ilyich, was an integral part of the pictures of a happy life on the estate, full of love, poetry, friendly feelings and peace;
Stolz also appears in Oblomov's Dream, fitting into the idyllic, sweet and at the same time mysterious atmosphere of childhood, which shaped the hero.
Teacher: The unexpected appearance of the hero at the end of the first part and chapters 1-2 of the second part tell about Stolz.
3. Frames from the film "A Few Days in the Life of I.I. Oblomov"
(meeting of Oblomov and Stolz).
We see that these two people, they are true friends. But these characters are different, dissimilar. Together with the author, we will use a method of characterizing a hero known in the literature - a comparative characteristic. Before you is a worksheet that contains the criteria for education, the purpose of life, the content of activities, attitudes towards women, their family life and life position. In the conclusion column, we will make entries ourselves when we consider all these criteria, comparing the main characters.
4. Consider all the features of the heroes.
(Student answers: Oblomov and Stolz).
Comparative characteristics
Oblomov
Stolz
Appearance
Origin
Upbringing
Education
Pledged program
Outlook on life
The purpose of life
Friendship
Perception of life
love test
a) Appearance: ( when they are presented to the reader)
- What does I.A. Goncharov draw our attention to when describing the appearance of the characters?
“... about thirty-two or three years old, of medium height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glimmered all over his face”, Oblomov’s peer, “thin, his cheeks are almost completely no, ... the complexion is even, swarthy and no blush; eyes, although a little greenish, but expressive "
b) Origin:
…
…a native of the bourgeois class (his father left Germany, wandered around Switzerland and settled in Russia, becoming the manager of the estate). Sh. graduates brilliantly from the university, serves with success, retires to study own business; makes a house and money. He is a member of a trading company that sends goods abroad; as an agent of the company, Sh. travels to Belgium, England, throughout Russia. Sh.'s image is built on the basis of the idea of balance, the harmonic correspondence of the physical and spiritual, mind and feelings, suffering and pleasure. Sh.'s ideal is measure and harmony in work, life, rest, love.(or .. from a poor family: his father (a Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, his mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman. Half Russian, not a nobleman.
c) Education.
- What education did I. Oblomov and A. Stolz receive? Tell about it.
Parents wanted to give Ilyusha all the benefits “somehow cheaper, with various tricks.” Parents taught him to idleness and peace (they didn’t let him pick up a dropped thing, get dressed, pour water for himself) the stigma of slavery. in the family there was a cult of food, and after eating - a sound sleep.
Oblomov was not even allowed outside. "What about the servants?" Soon, Ilya himself realized that ordering was calmer and more convenient. A dexterous, mobile child is constantly stopped by parents and a nanny for fear that the boy will “fall, hurt himself” or catch a cold, he was cherished like a hothouse flower. "Seeking manifestations of power turned inward and drooped, withering." (Oblomov)
His father gave him the upbringing that he received from his father: he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early, and sent his son, who had graduated from the university, away from him. his father taught him that the main thing in life is money, rigor and accuracy ... (Stoltz)
Name the episodes, scenes that clearly illustrate how Stolz's childhood passed, how the process of his upbringing went.
Reading the episode (Farewell of Stolz with his father) by roles.
What impression does this scene make on you?
How can you comment on this?
What did his father teach him? What did A. Stolz feel?
Goncharov creates Stolz, involuntarily starting from Oblomov, as an antipode to the main character; Stolz is different.
His upbringing is labor, practical, he was brought up by life itself (cf .: “If Oblomov’s son disappeared ...”).
A special conversation is required: the attitude of the mother; mother and father; Oblomovka, the prince's castle, as a result of which “bursh did not work”, which replaced the “narrow German gauge” with a “wide road”.
Stolz - Stolz ("proud"). Does he live up to his name?
Worksheet (at the bottom of the column: "Education", indicate the antipode).
d).Education:
…studied in a small boarding school, located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhlev. Both graduated from Moscow University.
From the age of eight he sat with his father for geographical map, dismantled Herder, Wieland, biblical verses according to the warehouses and summed up the illiterate accounts of peasants, burghers and factory workers, and read sacred history with his mother, taught Krylov's fables and disassembled Telemachus according to the warehouses "
On the basis of upbringing and education, a certain program was laid.
What is it like for Oblomov and Stolz?
d) The embedded program.
Oblomov
Dream. Vegetation and sleep - a passive beginning found solace in his favorite "conciliatory and soothing" words "maybe", "maybe" and "somehow" and protected himself from misfortunes with them. He was ready to shift the case to anyone, not caring about its outcome and the decency of the chosen person (this is how he trusted the swindlers who robbed his estate).
“Ilya Ilich’s lying down was neither a necessity, like a sick person or a person who wants to sleep, nor an accident, like someone who is tired, nor a pleasure, like a lazy person: this was his normal state.”
What was Stoltz most afraid of?
Justifying their answers with text, students say that dreams, imagination (“optical illusion”, as Stolz said) were his enemies. He controlled his life and had a “real outlook on life” (cf. Oblomov).
Stolz
Stolz was afraid to dream, his happiness was in constancy, energy and stormy activity - active Start
“He is constantly on the move: if the society needs to send an agent to Belgium or England, they send him; you need to write some project or adapt a new idea to the case - choose it. Meanwhile, he travels to the world and reads: when he has time - God knows.
- What does life mean and what is the purpose of a person, according to Stolz?
Students: “To live the four seasons, that is, four ages, without jumps and bring the vessel of life to last day, without spilling a single drop in vain ... ”(compare with Oblomov, whose ideal is ...in peace and enjoyment ; see about Oblomov's dreams in the 8th chapter of the first part).
Teacher: 3-4 chapters of the second part. The role of these chapters in the novel. A conversation is a dispute where the views, positions of the characters collided.
The essence of the dispute - HOW TO LIVE?!
- How does a dispute arise?(Oblomov's dissatisfaction with the empty life of society.)
This is not life!
- When does a dispute occur?(The labor path: Stolz's disagreement with the ideal of a friend, because this is “Oblomovism”; the ideal of the lost paradise, drawn by Oblomov, and labor as “the image, content, element and goal of life.”)
(Physical education minute)
Introduction to the meaning of life.
Stills from the film "A Few Days in the Life of I.I. Oblomov" ( second monologue. Oblomov's confession, p. 166. “Do you know, Andrey…”)
In what context does the conversation take place?
What is I. Oblomov talking about?
How did each of the characters come to light in the dispute?
f) Outlook on life
Oblomov
“Life: life is good!” Oblomov says, “What is there to look for? interests of the mind, heart? Just look where is the center around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are the dead, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society! ... Don't they sleep sitting all their lives? How am I more guilty than them, lying at home and not infecting my head with triples and jacks?
Stolz.
g) Purpose of life
Live life happily; so she doesn't touch. (Oblomov)
“Labor is the image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine.” (Stoltz)
g) Perception of life
Oblomov wants to do what his soul and heart desires, even if the mind is against it; never bother. (Oblomov)
Stolz wants to have a “simple, that is, direct, real outlook on life - that was his constant task ...”, “Above all, he put perseverance in achieving goals ...”, “... he will measure the abyss or wall, and if there is no sure means to overcome, he will leave."
- With which of the characters and at what stage of the dispute are you ready to agree?
- Is there one answer to this question?
(During the argument, the guys come to the conclusion that both principles have the right to exist.)
Teacher: In conversations (disputes), the author often gives the last word to Stolz, but one gets the feeling that he cannot outguess Oblomov. Why? He can't even when he has the last word. Inwardly, we feel, we understand that Stolz cannot break Oblomov's resistance (remember the episode of the night dinner when Stolz gives up and sits down with Oblomov and Zakhar, there are stills from the film.).
Whose philosophy is positive and constructive?
Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov:
Oblomov
Stolz
Peace (apathy)
"...he is constantly on the move..."
Sleep (inactivity)
"the balance of practical aspects with the subtle needs of the spirit"
Dream - "shell, self-deception"
"he was afraid of any dream, ... he wanted to see the ideal of being and the aspirations of a person in a strict understanding and administration of life"
Fear of circumstances
"Attributed the cause of all sufferingyourself"
The aimlessness of existence
“Above all, he put perseverance in achieving goals” (Stoltz)
Labor is a punishment
“Labor is an image, element, content, purpose of life” (Stolz)
Make a conclusion about , at what levels, in what details
- Isn't Stoltz too positive in his views?
Or maybe Oblomov is right: people who are looking for meaning in secular life are dead people, such a life is a useless fuss. Why is he lying on the couch worse?!
Is the poetic perception of Oblomov's life the refinement of the hero's soul, "subtle poetic nature" or a way to hide from reality?
The strength and weakness of the characters of Oblomov and Stolz: a hero and circumstances, a false and positive meaning of existence?
Outcome:
- Whose position do you consider acceptable for yourself?
(Argument. What values (which of the characters) will you take into your life baggage?)
- What were our heroes like in love? Have you passed the test of love or not?
Student responses:
Oblomov and Stolz
Oblomov abandoned love. He chose peace. “Life is poetry. It is free for people to distort it.” He was frightened, he needed love not equal in rights, but maternal (such as Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him).
Stolz he loved not with his heart, but with his mind “he developed a conviction for himself that love, with the power of the Archimedean lever, moves the world; that there is so much universal, irrefutable truth and goodness in it, as there are lies and ugliness in its misunderstanding and abuse. He needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya). I am glad that I met her abroad, I am glad that she listens to him and does not even notice that sometimes she does not understand Olga's sadness.
- How do we see our heroes in friendship and in relation to others?
(Student answers: Oblomov and Stolz)
h) Friendship
- On the basis of all that has been said, we will give a description of Oblomov and Stolz.
Characteristics of heroes:
Oblomov and Stolz
1. Oblomov. A kind, lazy person is most worried about his own peace. For him, happiness is complete peace and good food. He spends his life on the couch without taking off his comfortable dressing gown, does nothing, is not interested in anything, likes to withdraw into himself and live in the world of dreams and dreams he created, the amazing childish purity of his soul and introspection, worthy of a philosopher, the embodiment of gentleness and meekness.
2. Stolz . Strong and intelligent, he is in constant activity and does not disdain the most menial work, thanks to his hard work, willpower, patience and enterprise, he became rich and famous person. A real "iron" character has formed, but in some way it resembles a car, a robot, so clearly programmed, verified and calculated all his life before us is a rather dry rationalist.
The answer to the problematic question: Oblomov and Stolz - twins or antipodes? (student's words).
V Summarizing.
Yes, Goncharov wanted to oppose the inactive Oblomov with the practical and businesslike Stolz, who, in his opinion, was supposed to break the “Oblomovism” and revive the hero. But the novel has a different ending. It is at the end of the work that the attitude of the author to the hero is manifested.
- Let's remember what the heroes of the novel come to?
Oblomov dies, leaving his son.
Pshenitsyna is ready to do everything for the sake of Oblomov and even gives her son to be raised by her brother, considering this a boon for her son.
Olga is very ill (there is not enough Oblomov), there is no love, and without it life is meaningless.
Andrey Stoltz is also devastated, he feels bad without a friend, Oblomov was a “heart of gold” for him.
So, as a result, all the heroes came to the same "Oblomovism"!
Teacher: Guys! Prepare yourself now for further adult independent life. Take energy, intelligence, determination, strength of character, prudence, will into your life luggage from Stolz, but do not forget about the soul, taking kindness, honesty, tenderness, romance from Ilya Oblomov. And remember the words of N.V. Gogol “Take it with you on the road, leaving the soft youthful years into severe, hardening courage, take away all human movements, do not leave them on the road, do not raise them later!
VI . Homework :
Roman I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov":
Individual tasks:
1.. The story about O. Ilyinskaya (ch.5)
2. Development of relations between Oblomov and Olga (Ch. 6-12)
3. The image of Pshenitsyna (part 3), new flat on the Vyborg side near Pshenitsyna.
Ratings
Oblomov and Stolz).
Comparative characteristics
Oblomov
Stolz
Appearance
“... about thirty-two or three years old, of medium height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glimmered all over his face”
the same age as Oblomov, “thin, he has almost no cheeks at all, ... his complexion is even, swarthy and no blush; eyes, although a little greenish, but expressive "
Origin
from the rich noble family with patriarchal traditions. his parents, like grandfathers, did nothing: serfs worked for them. A truly Russian man, a nobleman.
…from a poor family: his father (a Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, his mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman
Upbringing
his parents accustomed him to idleness and peace (they did not allow him to pick up a dropped thing, dress, pour water for himself), labor in the block was a punishment, it was believed that it was stigmatized with slavery. in the family there was a cult of food, and after eating - a sound sleep.
his father gave him the upbringing that he received from his father: he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early, and sent his son who had graduated from the university away from him. his father taught him that the main thing in life is money, strictness and accuracy.
Education
…studied in a small boarding school, located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhlev. Both graduated from Moscow University
Pledged program
… Vegetation and sleep are a passive beginning
From the age of eight, he sat with his father at a geographical map, disassembled Herder, Wieland, biblical verses into warehouses and summed up the illiterate accounts of peasants, bourgeois and factory workers, and read sacred history with his mother, taught Krylov's fables and disassembled Telemak in warehouses.
… energy and vigorous activity are the active principle.
Outlook on life
“Life: life is good!” Oblomov says, “What is there to look for? interests of the mind, heart? Just look where is the center around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are the dead, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society! ... Don't they sleep sitting all their lives? How am I more guilty than them, lying at home and not infecting my head with triples and jacks?
Stolz learns life, asks her: “What to do? Where to go next? » And goes! Without Oblomov...
The purpose of life
Live life happily; so she doesn't touch.
“Labor is the image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine.”
Friendship
There are acquaintances, but there is not a single true friend, except for Stolz.
Stolz always and everywhere had a lot of friends - people were drawn to him. But he felt closeness only to people-personalities, sincere and decent.
Perception of life
Fluctuating - from “a pleasant gift for enjoyment” to “sticks like bullies: it will pinch on the sly, then it will suddenly swoop right from the forehead and sprinkle with sand ... there is no urine!”
Oblomov wants to do what his soul and heart desires, even if the mind is against it; never bother.
Life is happiness in work; life without work is not life; “…“life touches!” "And thank God!" Stoltz said.
Stoltz wants to have a “simple, that is, direct, real outlook on life - that was his constant task ...”, “Above all, he put perseverance in achieving goals ...”, “... he will measure the abyss or wall, and if there is no sure means to overcome, he will leave."
love test
he needs love, not equal in rights, but maternal (such as Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him)
he needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya)
Comparative characteristics
Oblomov
Stolz
Appearance
Origin
Upbringing
Education
Pledged program
Outlook on life
The purpose of life
Friendship
Perception of life
love test