In the art of the early XX century. of that time, bold formal experiments coexisted, culminating in the creation of several variants of abstract art, and the use of the traditions of realistic painting to solve modern pictorial problems. The Jack of Diamonds society, founded by Mikhail Larionov in 1910, is considered to be the founder of the Russian avant-garde. Pyotr Konchalovsky, Aristarkh Lentulov, Robert Falk. The daring name of the group evoked associations not only with a playing card, but also with a stripe on the sleeves of convicts. Challenging the traditions of realistic painting, the “Jacks of Diamonds” developed their own painting system, in which the discoveries of Cezanne and the painting techniques of Cubism and Fauvism were combined with oriental ornamentality and motifs of Russian folk art. Poetry inspired them folk culture, the bright color of the popular print, the touching naivety of the provincial signboard.

The primitivist tendency associated with the discovery of poetry of a deliberately reduced nature has found the most consistent embodiment in the work of Mikhail Larionov(1881 - 1964). The heroes of his works are soldiers, revelers, hairdressers. Referring to the objects "prosaic, rough, dull", as the artist himself defined them, Larionov used shades of similar tones, the famous "gray manner". Subtlest nuances colors, interest in perspective and spatial deformations create in Larionov's works a sense of movement, a kind of independent life.

On canvases Ilya Mashkov and Peter Konchalovsky the texture of paint thickly applied to the canvas, the expressiveness of color turned into an all-powerful self-sufficient element, and the real motive turned out to be only an excuse for solving purely pictorial problems. The artists of the association were rapidly moving towards sonority of color, stability and weight of the visual image. However, not all artists of that time shared the extremes of the formal experiment; many were more impressed by the path of synthesis of the artistic traditions of the past and the modern pictorial language. One of the clearest examples of such a "cultural fusion" can be considered creativity Kuzma Sergeevich Petrov-Vodkin(1878 - 1939). In his works, the weighty materiality of forms is combined with an almost fauvist brightness of color, and the symbolic significance of the chosen motifs makes one recall Christian plots and techniques of Russian icon painting. turning point in creative biography the master was the painting "Bathing the red mine." In the future, the artist resolutely abandoned the classical perspective and replaced it with a spherical one, characteristic of icon painting. The master's painting, built on the harmony of pure colors, acquired a panoramic character and began to resemble ancient Russian frescoes. And the use of Christian iconography for contemporary stories only emphasized the eternity of human problems.

Another facet of the artistic searches of the Russian avant-garde is represented by creativity Marc Chagall(1887 - 1985). Not being the head or even a member of any artistic association, Chagall was not the spokesman for any direction. Reproduced with amazing immediacy, the way of small Jewish towns on his canvases is combined with fantastic visions, images European culture, creating a feeling of a fabulous, but surprisingly integral and harmonious world-cosmos. The further fate of the Russian avant-garde turned out to be connected with the emergence of a new direction, called "futurism". However, the Russian movement had practically no points of contact with the Italian futurists. It is no coincidence that the arrival in Moscow of the leader of the Italian futurists, Philippe Tommaso Marinetti, went practically unnoticed in the capital and brought only disappointment to the artists and poets of both countries.

Back in 1911, one of the ideologists of Russian futurists M. Larionov and his constant companion Natalia Goncharova left the Jack of Diamonds, declaring their former comrades-in-arms as retrogrades, and created a new association, Donkey's Tail, which included Kazimir Malevich and Vladimir Tatlin. The name of the group was supposed to recall the scandal in the French Salon des Indépendants, where a painting was exhibited, painted by a donkey, to whose tail the pranksters tied a brush. Unlike " Jack of Diamonds” with its emphasized orientation towards the painting of Cezanne and the Fauvists, the masters of the “Donkey's Tail” preferred neo-primitivist tendencies. It was thanks to their efforts that the primitives were so highly appreciated in Russia, they became one of the directions of the Russian avant-garde with its own history, its own roots. At exhibitions organized by Mikhail Larionov, canvases contemporary artists coexisted with popular print and folk painting. And at one of the expositions, Muscovites for the first time saw the paintings of a wonderful self-taught Georgian artist Niko Pirosmani. As befits an artist provocateur, Larionov never rested on his laurels, and in 1912, at the exhibition "Target", he showed the first "rayonisms", his own version of abstract art.

However, in general, the language of Russian Cubo-Futurism has not yet undergone a significant update. Deliberately freely uses inharmonious colors David Burliuk, challenging artistic culture of the past. The dynamics of the new technical age is symbolized by the superposition of lines and forms in the paintings of Goncharova and Rozanova. Planar brightly colored geometrized figures of Malevich's canvases are similar to rational constructions. Only in 1915 at the Futurist exhibitions in Moscow and St. Petersburg will there appear works that foreshadow new stage in the development of the Russian avant-garde. It was then that Larionov included a working fan in one of the picturesque compositions; Burliuk will attach an old shoe and a bar of soap to the canvas; Tatlin will show the first "picturesque reliefs", and Mayakovsky will present to the public for the first time an art object from a half cylinder and one glove. However, the fate of Russian futurism was short-lived. In 1914, after Pavel Filonov left the association, the Youth Union disintegrated. At the invitation of Diaghilev, Larionov and Goncharova left for Paris. In the ranks of Russian avant-garde artists, there has been a decisive turn towards non-objective art. At the famous exhibition "0.10", held in 1915, the main place was no longer occupied by painting, but by abstract collages by O. Rozanova, I. Puni, I. Klyun and spatial compositions by V. Tatlin.

Presentation on the topic: Aesthetics of experiment and early Russian avant-garde

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Presentation on the topic: Aesthetics of experiment and early Russian avant-garde

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STATE BUDGET GENERAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF THE NOVOSIBIRSK REGION "SEVERAGE EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL "REGIONAL CENTER OF EDUCATION". Subject: MHK. Topic: Aesthetics of the experiment and the early Russian avant-garde. Completed by: 10th grade students Alena Egoshina. 2010

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Innovation in all areas of art is the main slogan of the avant-garde. Avant-garde is a collective concept of the most “left” experimental creative directions in art" silver age". In avant-garde movements, despite all their diversity, novelty and courage were common, which were considered the measure of creative talent and the standard of modernity. What was common was the naive belief of artists in the onset of a special and unusual historical time - the era of miracle technology that could change people's relationships with each other and with environment. The problem of succession for the supporters of the avant-garde, as it were, did not exist. 19th century realism It seemed to the young nihilists a “dilapidated measure” that fettered freedom of expression. The main trends and figures of the avant-garde include Fauvism, Cubism, abstract art, suprematism, futurism, dadaism, expressionism, constructivism, metaphysical painting, surrealism, naive art; dodecaphony and aleatorics in music, concrete poetry, concrete music, kinetic art.

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Fauvism. Fauvism (from French fauve - wild) is a trend in French painting and music of the late 19th - early 20th centuries. At the Paris exhibition of 1905, paintings by artists were demonstrated, leaving the viewer with a feeling of energy and passion emanating from paintings, one of French critics called these painters wild beasts. The artistic style of the Fauvists was characterized by the spontaneous dynamism of the brushstroke, the desire for the emotional power of artistic expression, bright color, piercing purity and sharp contrasts of color, the intensity of open local color, and the sharpness of rhythm. The Fauvists were inspired by the post-impressionists Van Gogh and Gauguin, who preferred subjective intense color to the soft and natural color characteristic of the Impressionists.

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Albert Matisse. The head of this school is Matisse, who made a complete break with optical color. In his painting female nose it could well have been green if it gave it expressiveness and composition. Matisse claimed: “I do not paint women; I draw pictures".

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K. S. MALEVICH Malevich was a consistent propagandist of his own theory. Over time, a group of like-minded people UNOVIS (Affirmers of the New Art) formed around him. The creations of Russian avant-garde artists of the beginning of the century blew up the outdated pro-Western visual consciousness.

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CUBISM Cubism (fr. Cubisme) is an avant-garde trend in the visual arts, primarily in painting, which originated at the beginning of the 20th century and is characterized by the use of emphatically geometrized conditional forms, the desire to “split” real objects to stereometric primitives.

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Aristarkh Vasilievich Lentulov Studied painting in Penza and Kiev art schools, then in the private studio of D. N. Kardovsky in St. Petersburg. In 1910, he became one of the organizers of the Jack of Diamonds art association. Since pre-revolutionary times, Lentulov has also actively collaborated with the theater, arranging performances at the Chamber Theater (Shakespeare's The Merry Wives of Windsor, 1916), Bolshoi Theater(“Prometheus” by Scriabin, 1919) and others.

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P. P. KONCHALOVSKY In painting he was a Cezanne painter and generally had a strong attraction to Europe, he spoke excellent French. He also experienced the influence of his father-in-law, V. I. Surikov, with whom he first traveled to study studies in Spain, later they worked throughout Europe. AT early period the artist sought to express the festivity of color inherent in Russian folk art with the help of the constructive color of Paul Cezanne. He became famous thanks to his still lifes, often executed in a style close to analytical cubism.

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FUTURISM In the visual arts, Futurism was repelled from Fauvism, borrowing from it color finds, and from Cubism, from which it adopted art forms, however, he rejected cubic analysis (decomposition) as an expression of the essence of the phenomenon and strove for a direct emotional expression of the dynamics of the modern world. Main artistic principles- speed, movement, energy, which some futurists tried to convey with fairly simple techniques. Their painting is characterized by energetic compositions, where the figures are fragmented and intersected by sharp corners, where flickering forms, zigzags, spirals, beveled cones prevail, where movement is transmitted by superimposing successive phases on one image - the so-called principle of simultaneity.

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VELEMIR KHLEBNIKOV Khlebnikov is one of the recognized leaders of the Russian avant-garde at the beginning of the 20th century, since he was consciously engaged in building a new art. Many futurists, including Mayakovsky, called him their teacher; assumptions are made about the influence of Khlebnikov's poetic language on the work of Andrei Platonov, Nikolai Aseev, Boris Pasternak. At the same time, Khlebnikov often remained in the shadows, since David Burliuk and Mayakovsky were mainly involved in organizational activities. including art and music. Some researchers generally believe that without it the perception of the aesthetics and poetics of the avant-garde is inadequate.

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DODECAPHONY One of the types of composing technique of the 20th century. Composing method (theoretically developed by A. Schoenberg), in which the musical fabric of the work is derived from a 12-tone series of a certain structure, and none of the 12 sounds of the chromatic scale is repeated. A series can appear both in a horizontal presentation (in the form of a melody-theme), and in a vertical one (in the form of consonances), or both at the same time. It arose in the process of the development of atonal music. Various kinds of dodecaphone technique are known. Of them highest value acquired the methods of Schoenberg and J. M. Hauer. The essence of the Schoenberg method of dodecaphony is that the melodic voices and consonances that make up this work are produced directly or ultimately from a single source - a selected sequence of all 12 sounds of the chromatic scale, interpreted as a unity. This sequence of sounds is called a series. The representatives of dodecaphony are Arnold Schoenberg, Anton Webern, Alban Berg, J. M. Hauer, Hindemith, Igor Stravinsky, Shostakovich, Pierre Boulez, etc.

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New form creates new content. Art has always been free from life, and the color of it never reflected the color flag over the fortress of the city. V. Shklovsky.

Plan.

• On modernist trends in art at the beginning of the century. The concept of "avant-garde".
• Art associations and their representatives.
• Russian avant-garde.

"avant-garde"

derived from French words"avant", which translates as "advanced", and "qarde" - "detachment".

Conventional designation of European artistic trends of the 20th century, expressed in a radical renewal of all types of art, a modernist undertaking in art:

cubism, fauvism, futurism, expressionism, abstractionism (beginning of the century), surrealism (twenties and thirties), actionism, pop art (work with objects), concept art, photorealism, kinetism (sixties-seventies), theater of the absurd, Electonic music and etc..

Vanguard slogan:

"Innovation in all fields of art".

The naive belief of artists in the onset of a special and unusual historical time is the era of miracle technology that can change the relationship of people with each other and with the environment.

Rejection of the norms of the classical image, deformation of forms, expression. The art of avant-garde is designed for a dialogue between the artist and the viewer.

Artistic associations

Union of Moscow Artists

"Jack of Diamonds".

• Union of Moscow Artists "Jack of Diamonds".

• The basis of their painting was

the object is taken as such,

in its purest form. And

object stable, taken

"point blank", devoid of any

innuendo or

philosophical ambiguity.

Main representatives and their works Union of Moscow Artists "Jack of Diamonds".

• Pyotr Petrovich Konchalovsky (1876-1956 ) "Return from the fair",

• "Lilac", "Dry paints"

• Camellia, Moscow Sned:

• loaves",
• "Still life with magnolias"

• Alexander Kuprin (1880-1960) "Poplars", "Plant", still lifes,

• industrial landscapes.

• Robert Rafailovich Falk (1886-1958) "Old Ruza", "Negro", "Bay in

• Balaklava"

• Aristarkh Vasilyevich Lentulov (1882-1943) "Ring", "At the Iverskaya",

• "Self Portrait"
• "Cracking Oil Refinery",
• "Vegetables"

Pyotr Petrovich Konchalovsky (1876-1956)

Ilya Ivanovich Mashkov (1881-1944)

Family portrait. 1911

Blue plums. 1910

State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Moscow snow. Bread. 1924

State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Portrait of G. B. Yakulov. 1910

State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Aristarkh Vasilyevich Lentulov

(1882-1943)

Alexander Kuprin (1880-1960)

Still life with a blue tray. 1914

State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Robert Rafailovich Falk

(1886-1958)

Basil the Blessed. 1913

State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Old Ruza. 1913

St. Petersburg.

Ringing. Ivan's Bell Tower

great. 1915

group of painters "Donkey tail".

• They turned to primitivism, to the traditions of Russian icon painting and popular prints; part of the group was close to futurism and cubism.

• Mikhail Fedorovich Larionov (1881-1964) "Provincial Franciha", "Resting Soldier", "Rooster", "Luchism".

• Natalya Sergeevna Goncharova (1881-1962) “Peasants picking apples”, “Sunflowers”, “Fishing”, “Jews. Sabbath.

• Marc Chagall (1887-1985) "Me and the Village", "Violinist", "Walk", "Above the City", "Holy Family".

• Vladimir Evgrafovich Tatlin (1885-1953)

• "Sailor", "The Model", "Counter-relief", "Project of a monument to the III International", "Letatlin"

Mikhail Fedorovich Larionov (1881-1964)

Rayism. Fragment. 1912

Collection of the Chudnovskys, St. Petersburg.

Provincial frigger. 1907

Tatarstan, Kazan.

Rooster. 1912

State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Resting soldier. 1910

State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Natalia Sergeevna Goncharova (1881-1962)

Jews. Sabbat . 1912

Museum fine arts Republic

Tatarstan, Kazan.

Peasants picking apples. 1911

State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Marc Chagall (1887-1985)

Violinist . 1911-1914

Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam.

Walk . 1917-1918

State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg.

me and the village . 1911

Modern Art Museum,

New York.

Above the city . 1917

State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.

Vladimir Evgrafovich Tatlin (1885-1953)

Model. 1910s

State

Russian Museum,

St. Petersburg.

Project of a monument to the III International.

1919-1920

Counter-relief. 1914-1915

State Russian Museum,

St. Petersburg.

Sailor . 1911

State Russian Museum,

St. Petersburg.

Letatlan. 1930-1931 Photo.

Russian avant-garde.

• Experiments with form (primitivism, cubism) were combined in the work of avant-garde representatives with the search for new "rhythms of the time". The desire to recreate the dynamism of the subject, its "life" from different angles.

The main representatives and their work:

• "Houses in Murnau on the Obermarkt", "Klamm Improvisation", "Composition VI", "Composition VIII", "Dominant Curve".

• "Peasant family", "Winner of the city", "Illustration for the book of Velimir
• Khlebnikov”, “Formula of Imperialism”, “Formula of Spring”.

• "The Flower Girl", "The Lady at the Tram Stop", "The Cow and the Violin", "The Aviator",

"Suprematism", "Mower", "Peasant Woman", "Black Suprematist Square".

Wassily Vasilyevich Kandinsky (1866-1944)

Composition VI . 1913

State Russian Museum,

St. Petersburg.

dominant curve. 1936

Guggenheim Museum, New York.

Improvisation Klamm. 1914

City Gallery Lenbachhaus,

Munich.

Houses in Murnau on the Obermarkt . 1908

Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection, Lugano.

Composition VIII . 1923

Guggenheim Museum, New York.

Pavel Nikolaevich Filonov (1883-1941)

Peasant family.

(Holy family). 1914

State Russian Museum,

St. Petersburg.

Spring formula. 1928-1929

State Russian Museum,

St. Petersburg.

formula of imperialism. 1925

State Russian Museum,

St. Petersburg.

Illustration for the book by Velimir Khlebnikov.

"Electronic". 1914

Kazimir Severinovich Malevich (1878-1935)

Flower Girl 1903

State Russian Museum,

St. Petersburg.

Cow and violin. 1913

State Russian Museum,

St. Petersburg.

Mower. 1912

Art Museum.

Nizhny Novgorod.

Aviator. 1914

State Russian Museum,

St. Petersburg.

The lady at the tram stop. 1913

City Museum. Amsterdam.

Suprematism.

State Russian Museum,

St. Petersburg.

Peasant woman. 1928-1932

State Russian Museum,

St. Petersburg.

Black suprematist square.

1914-1915

State Russian Museum,

St. Petersburg.

Vanguard in literature (poetry). Futurism.

• Literary and artistic direction of the early 20th century in Italy and Russia.
• The Futurists scorned the past, traditional culture in all its manifestations and sang the future - the coming era of industrialism, technology, high speeds and pace of life.
• Futurist painting is characterized by "energetic" compositions with figures fragmented into fragments, it is dominated by revolving, flashing, explosive zigzags, spirals, ellipses, funnels.
• One of the basic principles of the futuristic picture is simultaneity (simultaneity), i.e. combination in one composition of different moments of movement.

F. T. Marinetti

. "There is no beauty without struggle. There are no masterpieces without aggressiveness." And he also admitted "We want to destroy museums, libraries. Fight moralism:".

In February 1914, Marinetti appeared in the famous St. Petersburg cellar "stray dog", where artistic youth and creators of "new art" gathered.

For the first time the word "futurism" appeared in the name of a group of poets who called themselves "Egofuturists". True, this direction was by no means monolithic, and its invention entirely belonged to the poet Igor Severyanin (I.V. Lotarev, 1887-1941).

The core of the literary association "Hilea" - the first major community of futurists.

Literature.

1. Aksyonov M., Maysuryan N. Encyclopedia for children. T.7. Art. Part 2. Architecture, Fine and Decorative - applied art XVII - XX centuries. M.: Avanta +, 2005

2. Aronov A. A. World art culture. Russia late XIX-XX century. M.: Publishing Printing Center, 1999.

3. Gorelova I., Bragin A. Art. M.: AST, 2003

4. Rapatskaya L. A. World artistic culture. 1, 2 parts. Grade 11. M.: Vlados, 2007

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Slides captions:

Aesthetics of the experiment and the early Russian avant-garde A strange breaking of the worlds of picturesque Was the forerunner of freedom, Release from chains, So you walked, art. V. Khlebnikov

The slogan of the avant-garde is innovation in all areas of art. Avant-garde is a collective concept of experimental creative trends in the art of the Silver Age. Common features: - novelty, - courage, - faith in the advent of the era of miracle technology.

Marc Zakharovich Chagall "Father" 1914 "Self-portrait"

"Bride with a fan" "Mirror" 1915

"I and the village" 1911

"Adam and Eve" 1912

"Red Nude" 1908

"Birthday"

"Drinking Soldier" 1911 - 1912

Lubok - folk picture, view visual arts, characterized by a fundamental simplicity of images. Primitivism - in art late XIX- XX centuries. adherence to the "primitive", which meant the primitive and folk art, cultural traditions backward peoples.

"Jack of Diamonds" - Union of Moscow Painters (P.P. Konchalovsky, I.I. Mashkov, A.V. Lentulov, R.R. Falk, A.V. Kuprin)

Ilya Ivanovich Mashkov (1881-1944) The world of his paintings is emphatically simplified, "grounded", the images are static, decorative. In the master's manner, one can feel the influence of the Russian popular print and the attributes of primitivist art. "Blue Plums" 1910 "Portrait of a boy in a painted shirt" 1909

Mikhail Fedorovich Larionov (1881 -1964) Organized the Donkey's Tail group (N.S. Goncharova, K.S. Malevich, V.E. Tatlin). Larionov developed a style that absorbed the elements of a signboard, lubok pictures, children's drawing. His characters are taken from provincial towns, soldiers' barracks, street signs, city hairdressers, etc.

"Resting Soldier" (1911)

"Fish at sunset" 1904

"Venus" 1912

Natalya Sergeevna Goncharova (1881-1962) Her paintings are characterized by simplicity and childish naivete, which raises everyday images above the ordinary. "Fishing" (1908) "Harvesting" (1907)

Pavel Nikolayevich Filonov (1883-1941) Painter and graphic artist, fascinated by the idea of ​​"analytical art" - compositions based on the endless kaleidoscopic deployment of the depicted images ("Feast of Kings", 1913, "Peasant Family (Holy Family)", 1914, "Winner of the City , 1915).

"Raider", 1926 -1928 "Victory over eternity", 1920 -1921

"Winner of the city", 1915 "Peasant family", 1914

Wassily Vasilyevich Kandinsky (1866-1944), theorist of painting, abstractionist “... the play of colors on the canvas is a manifestation of what was originally given to man artistic thinking, which exists regardless of the images of reality, from the objects around us ... "" On the spiritual in art"

"Improvisation 26" (1912) "Composition No. 218", 1919

Kazimir Severinovich Malevich (1878-1935) Suprematism "Girl Without Service", 1904 "Flower Girl", 1903

Boulevard, 1903 On the Boulevard, 1903

"Triangle and Rectangle" 1915 "Black Square" 1915

"Self-portrait" 1908 "Cow and violin" 1913

Why did experiments with form in painting cause rejection among the audience? How do you feel about the work of avant-garde artists?

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Topic: Aesthetics of experiment and early Russian avant-garde

(MHK, grade 11)

Goals: development of feelings, emotions, figurative-associative thinking and artistic and creative abilities; education of artistic and aesthetic taste; the need to master the values ​​of world culture; mastering knowledge about styles and trends in the world artistic culture, their characteristic features; about peaks artistic creativity in domestic and foreign culture; mastering the ability to analyze works of art, evaluate them artistic features to express their own judgment about them; the use of acquired knowledge and skills to broaden one's horizons, consciously form one's own cultural environment.

Target. To form an idea of ​​artistic culture Russia XIX- the beginning of the XX century.

Tasks: introduce students to the concept of "avant-garde", the life and work of avant-garde artists; draw students' attention to the worldview of avant-garde artists and the features of their painting; help students determine their attitude to avant-garde painting;

cultivate love for national and world culture.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment.

II. Presentation of the topic and objectives of the lesson.

Epigraph of our lesson:

"Unheard of changes, unprecedented rebellions ..." A. Blok

A new form gives birth to a new content. Art has always been free from life, and its color has never reflected the color of the flag over the fortress of the city. V. Shklovsky.

A strange breaking of the picturesque worlds

Was the forerunner of freedom

Breaking free from chains

So you walked, art. V. Khlebnikov

3. Learning new material

It comes from the French words "avant", which translates as "advanced", and "qarde" - "detachment". - Conventional designation of European artistic movements of the 20th century, expressed in a radical renewal of all types of art, a modernist undertaking in art: cubism, fauvism, futurism, expressionism, abstractionism (beginning of the century), surrealism (twenties and thirties), actionism, pop art ( work with objects), conceptual art, photorealism, kinetism (sixties and seventies), theater of the absurd, electronic music, etc.

Avant-garde is a collective concept of experimental creative trends in the art of the "Silver Age".

Vanguard slogan: "Innovation in all fields of art". The naive belief of artists in the onset of a special and unusual historical time is the era of miracle technology that can change the relationship of people with each other and with the environment. The art of avant-garde is designed for a dialogue between the artist and the viewer.

All avant-garde movements have one thing in common:

Novelty,

Courage,

Faith in the advent of the era of miracle technology

Rejection of the norms of the classical image,

shape deformation,

Expression.

- Why do you think avant-gardism is close in meaning to modernism?

(Avant-gardism is close in meaning to modernism (a collective designation for all the latest trends) and differs from modernity (a style in art of the late 19th - early 20th century)

Innovation in all areas of art is the main slogan of the avant-garde. Avant-garde is a collective concept of the most "left" experimental creative trends in the art of the "Silver Age". In avant-garde movements, despite all their diversity, novelty and courage were common, which were considered the measure of creative talent and the standard of modernity.

The naive belief of artists in the onset of a special and unusual historical time was also common - the era of miracle technology that can change people's relationships with each other and with the environment). The problem of succession for the supporters of the avant-garde, as it were, did not exist.

In the 10s. XX century artistic experimentation in different types art reaches its climax, and surprisingly synchronously.

main reason synchronicity lies in the obvious mutual attraction of artists, poets, artists, musicians, in the community of creative, and sometimes vital interests. A generation of innovators looked for like-minded people in each other in the difficult task of overthrowing the foundations.

They deny art direct depiction, they deny the cognitive functions of art. The denial of pictorial functions is inevitably followed by the denial of the forms themselves, the replacement of a picture or a statue by a real object.

Avant-garde currents :

Fauvism

Expressionism

Cubism

Futurism

Abstractionism

Suprematism

Primitivism - in the art of the late XIX - XX centuries. following the "primitive", which was understood as primitive and folk art, cultural traditions of backward peoples.

Splint - folk picture, a type of fine art, characterized by the fundamental simplicity of images.

Art associations.

1.Union of Moscow Artists "Jack of Diamonds".

The subject as such, in its purest form, was taken as the basis of their painting. Moreover, the subject is stable, taken “point blank”, devoid of any understatement or philosophical ambiguity.

-The main representatives and their works The Union of Moscow Artists "Jack of Diamonds".

Ilya Ivanovich Mashkov - The world of his paintings is emphatically simplified, "grounded", the images are static, decorative. In the master's manner, one can feel the influence of the Russian popular print and the attributes of primitivist art. Ilya Ivanovich Mashkov (1881-1944) "Camellia", "Moscow food: bread", "Still life with magnolias"

Pyotr Petrovich Konchalovsky (1876-1956) "Return from the fair", "Lilac", "Dry colors"

Alexander Kuprin (1880-1960) Poplars, Factory, still lifes, industrial landscapes.

Robert Rafailovich Falk (1886-1958) "Old Ruza", "Negro", "Bay in Balaklava"

Aristarkh Vasilyevich Lentulov (1882-1943) "Ringing", "At Iverskaya", "Self-portrait", "Cracking of an oil refinery", "Vegetables".

2. Group of painters "Donkey tail".

They turned to primitivism, to the traditions of Russian icon painting and popular prints; part of the group was close to futurism and cubism.

The main representatives and their work:

Mikhail Fyodorovich Larionov (1881-1964) - Organized the Donkey's Tail group (N.S. Goncharova, K.S. Malevich, V.E. Tatlin). Larionov developed a style that absorbed elements of signboards, popular prints, and children's drawings. His characters are taken from provincial towns, soldiers' barracks, street signs, city barbershops, etc. "Provincial franciha", "Resting Soldier", "Rooster", "Luchism".

Natalya Sergeevna Goncharova (1881-1962) - Her paintings are characterized by simplicity and childish naivety, raising everyday images above the ordinary. “Peasants Gathering Apples”, “Sunflowers”, “Fishing”, “Jews. Sabbath.

Marc Chagall (1887-1985) "Me and the Village", "Fiddler", "Walk", "Above the City", "Holy Family".

Vladimir Evgrafovich Tatlin (1885-1953) "Sailor", "Model", "Counter-relief", "Project of a monument to the III International", "Letatlin".

3. Russian avant-garde.

Experiments with form (primitivism, cubism) were combined in the work of avant-garde representatives with the search for new "rhythms of the time". The desire to recreate the dynamism of the subject, its "life" from different angles.

-The main representatives and their work:

Wassily Vasilyevich Kandinsky (1866-1944) - painting theorist, abstract artist "... the play of colors on the canvas is a manifestation of artistic thinking originally given to a person, which exists regardless of the images of reality, from the objects around us ..." "On the spiritual in art" "Houses in Murnau on the Obermarkt”, “Klamm Improvisation”, “Composition VI”, “Composition VIII”, “Dominant Curve”.

Pavel Nikolaevich Filonov (1883-1941) - - Painter and graphic artist, fascinated by the idea of ​​"analytical art" of compositions based on the endless kaleidoscopic deployment of the depicted images "Peasant family", "Winner of the city", "Illustration for the book of Velimir Khlebnikov", "Formula of imperialism", " Spring formula.

Kazimir Severinovich Malevich (1878-1935) "Flower Girl", "Lady at the Tram Stop", "Cow and Violin", "Aviator", "Suprematism", "Mower", "Peasant Woman", "Black Suprematist Square".

4. Consolidation of the studied .

What art is called avant-garde?

What did the masters of the Russian avant-garde believe in?

Why was the rejection of traditions necessary for the masters of the avant-garde?

Have their dreams of the "art of the future" come true?

5. Homework.