In the list of famous art museums in the world State Tretyakov Gallery occupies one of the highest places. Today, its collection includes more than 180 thousand exhibits, including paintings, sculpture and jewelry. The exhibited masterpieces were created in historical period dating back to the 11th-20th centuries. The building that houses the main collection was built in 1906 and is today included in the register of objects. cultural heritage Russian Federation.
More than one and a half million people visit the museum every year.
History of the gallery
May 22, 1856 philanthropist and successful industrialist Pavel Tretyakov bought a painting by Vasily Khudyakov "Clash with Finnish smugglers". This day is considered the founding date of the museum, which Tretyakov, together with his brother, planned to create a long time ago. He dreamed of presenting the work of Russian artists to people. Soon the collection was replenished with paintings " Procession at Easter" by V. Perov, "Peter I interrogates Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich in Peterhof" by N. Ge and many others. The collection grew and multiplied, and Tretyakov decided to show the paintings to the audience. In 1867 he opened the first gallery in his own estate in Lavrushinsky Lane. At that time, the collection included 1276 paintings, almost five hundred drawings, a small collection of sculptures and several dozen works by foreign artists.
Tretyakov supported many little-known masters and, thanks to his patronage, Vasnetsov and Makovsky became famous. By purchasing paintings objectionable to the authorities, the founder of the gallery inspired painters to freedom of thought and courage in relation to censors.
National Museum The Tretyakov Gallery became at the end of the 19th century, and from that moment on, anyone could visit it and absolutely free of charge. In 1892, after the death of his brother, Pavel Tretyakov donated the collection to the city. So in Moscow appears Art Gallery, which over time becomes one of the largest collections of works of art on the planet.
When the Tretyakovs just started collecting paintings, their collection was housed in the rooms of the mansion where the brothers lived. But in 1860 they decided to build a separate building to store the collection, which by that time had grown into a solid art collection. The two-story extension to the Tretyakov mansion received a separate entrance for visitors, and the paintings - two spacious halls.
New paintings continued to arrive, and the gallery expanded and completed. After the death of the owners, the mansion was reconstructed, and at the beginning of the 20th century it was combined with the halls of the gallery. The facade in the form of an old tower was designed by the artist Vasnetsov.
Golden Fund of the Tretyakov Gallery
You will see the oldest exhibits of the museum in the collection of iconography of the XII-XVII centuries. For example, image of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God, brought at the beginning of the XII century from Constantinople. After the persecution of the Russian Orthodox Church during the formation of Soviet power, the icon ended up in a museum.
Rublevskaya "Trinity"- another world-famous masterpiece of Russian icon painting. The author created it in memory of Sergei Radonezhsky in the first third of the 15th century.
Master Dionysius- no less famous icon painter, and his work "Metropolitan Alexei", written at the end of the 15th century, is also on the list of the most valuable exhibits of the Tretyakov collection.
The now unknown masters of the Mikhailovsky Golden-Domed Monastery at the beginning of the 12th century made mosaic depicting St. Demetrius of Thessalonica. In their work, they used matte colored stones and gold smalt. The work is exhibited in the department of Russian icon painting.
Among the many canvases of the State Tretyakov Gallery special attention visitors are usually rewarded with the most famous paintings.
XVIII century is represented by works Dmitry Levitsky, Vladimir Borovikovsky and Fedor Rokotov. Most notable works this era - portraits of Gavriil Golovkin, a former associate of Peter I, and Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. The first was written by Ivan Nikitin, and the queen was painted by Georg Groot.
The 19th century that replaced the world gave the world new artists represented in the museum especially widely:
Outstanding Masterpiece I. Kramskoy "Stranger" depicts a young woman riding in an open carriage along Nevsky Prospekt. Neither in the artist's letters nor in his diaries is there even a hint of the model's personality, and her name remains a mystery at all times.
- "Princess Tarakanova" by Konstantin Flavitsky depicts the death of an adventurer who posed as the daughter of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna and sister of Pugachev. After exposure, the woman was thrown into the casemates Peter and Paul Fortress where, as legend has it, she died in a flood. The painting was painted by Flavitsky in 1864. Critic Stasov called it "the most brilliant creation of Russian painting."
Another amazingly beautiful female portrait, exhibited in the Tretyakov Gallery - "Peach Girl". The painting depicts the daughter of Savva Mamontov, but attracts viewers to the canvas V. Serov completely different. The work is permeated with amazing light and filled with freshness that does not disappear over time.
The textbook landscape is called the work A. Savrasova "The Rooks Have Arrived". Critics consider the picture an important stage in the development landscape painting in Russia. Despite the unpretentiousness of the plot, the picture seems especially close to the heart of any Russian person.
- « Moonlight night to Capri" depicts seascape Gulf of Naples. Its author is a famous Russian marine painter I. Aivazovsky, painter of the Main Naval Staff and author of amazing works dedicated to the sea.
There is an opinion that "Hunters in Retreat" were written V. Perov based on the stories of I. Turgenev. Story composition, presented by the author to the viewer, depicts three landowners who stopped to rest after a successful hunt. Perov managed to depict the characters and their environment so vividly that the viewer becomes an unwitting participant in the hunters' conversation.
- "Unequal marriage" by V. Pukirev, as his contemporaries claimed, was written by the artist at the time of his own torment: Pukirev's beloved girl was married by calculation. The picture is made with great love, and the moods of the characters are masterfully conveyed. You can also see the artist's self-portrait on the canvas - he stands behind the bride, arms crossed over his chest.
Three more famous paintings of the XIX century. in the Tretyakov Gallery invariably gather enthusiastic spectators near them:
Painting "Ivan the Terrible and his son Ivan on November 16, 1581" by Ilya Repin better known to the public under the title "Ivan the Terrible kills his son." The artist depicts the moment that came a couple of seconds after the fatal blow that the tsar inflicted on Tsarevich Ivan. The tyrant mad with grief and the failed heir accepting his fate with meekness are written out so skillfully that the picture still evokes the brightest feelings and emotions in the audience.
- "The Appearance of Christ to the People" A. Ivanov wrote for about 20 years. While working, he created several hundred sketches and called the plot of his canvas "worldwide". Ivanov believed that he portrayed a moment in time that played a decisive role in the fate of all mankind. The huge canvas is exhibited in a separate room built for it in the 30s of the last century.
- "Bogatyrs" Vasnetsov depict three heroes of Russian epics on mighty horses in military armor. They inspect the surroundings and with all their appearance demonstrate their readiness to defend the Russian land from enemies. According to the author, he sought "to mark the continuity of the heroic past of the Russian people with its great future."
The twentieth century is represented by the works of Petrov-Vodkin, Benois, Krymov, Chagall, Konchalovsky, Korovin, as well as sculptures by Vera Mukhina. The authors of the Soviet period, whose paintings were honored to take their place on the walls of the Tretyakov Gallery - Isaak Brodsky, the Kukryniksy team, Tatyana Yablonskaya, Evgeny Vuchetich and many others.
Branches of the Tretyakov Gallery
The main building of the gallery is located at: Lavrushinsky lane, 10. It presents the permanent exhibition of the museum and periodically acquaints visitors with temporary exhibitions. Recently, the Engineering Building was added to the main building, where collections of regional museums are presented to residents and guests of the capital. In addition, the Tretyakov Gallery has several branches:
- New Tretyakov Gallery on Krymsky Val was built near the place where P. Tretyakov, who founded the museum, was born. The branch showcases work in modern style written in the XX-XI centuries.
The State Tretyakov Gallery is one of the largest art museums in Russia and the world, named after the founder, merchant and philanthropist Pavel Tretyakov. P. Tretyakov began collecting paintings in 1850, and 17 years later he opened a gallery, the collection of which consisted of about two thousand works. visual arts and several sculptures. In 1893, the collection, previously donated to Moscow, became known as the Moscow City Tretyakov Gallery and was maintained with money bequeathed by the founders.
In 1918, the Tretyakov Gallery was nationalized and became the "state property of the RSFRS", its first directors were the art critic and artist I. Grabar, and then the architect A. Shchusev. Under them, the funds of the Museum grew, several new buildings were added, and new expositions were actively developed.
During the Great Patriotic War all canvases and sculptures were taken to Novosibirsk and Molotov. The evacuation lasted more than a year, but already on May 17, 1945, the exhibitions were again open to residents and guests of Moscow.
In the following decades, the Museum continuously grew, and today it includes the Gallery on Krymsky Val, the Gallery in Lavrushinsky Lane, the house-museum of V. M. Vasnetsov, the Church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi and other branches.
The museum's collections include works of art XI-XXI, among which are Russian painting, sculpture, graphics. by the most famous works The icons kept in the Museum are considered to be icons of the 11th-17th centuries, and especially valuable among them are the image of the Vladimir Mother of God, Rublev’s “Trinity” and icons painted by Dionysius, Theophanes the Greek, Simon Ushakov.
The basis of the collections of the Tretyakov Gallery is Russian painting, most of which belongs to the second half of the 19th century. The collection includes works by Kramskoy, Perov, Vasnetsov, Savrasov, Shishkin, Aivazovsky, Repin, Vereshchagin and other famous Russian artists. In the 20th century, the Gallery was replenished with works by Vrubel, Levitan, Serov, Malevich, Roerich, Benois. IN Soviet period Deineka, Brodsky, Kukryniksy, Nesterov and others appeared in the expositions. In addition to painting, the Museum stores and exhibits works by Antokolkolsky, Mukhina, Shadr, Konenkov and other famous sculptors.
Currently, the Tretyakov Gallery is developing new expositions and exhibitions, is actively collaborating with many museums in the world and Russia, providing them with collections for temporary exhibitions, and is also carrying out restoration and research work, replenishes funds, develops cultural and educational programs, participates in major museum, film and music festivals.
The Tretyakov Gallery in 1995 was recognized as one of the most valuable cultural objects for its activities in the field of preserving art objects and promoting museum values.
Tretyakov Gallery Address: 119017, Moscow, Lavrushinsky lane, 10
Directions: Metro "Tretyakovskaya" or "Polyanka"
Tretyakov Gallery brief information.
State Tretyakov Gallery, GTG(also known as Tretyakov Gallery) — Art Museum V founded by a merchant and having one of the largest collections of Russian fine art in the world. The exposition in the main building "Russian Painting of the 11th - early 20th centuries" ( , d. 10) is part of the All-Russian museum association"State Tretyakov Gallery", formed in .
Story
began to collect his collection of paintings in the mid-1850s. The founding year of the Tretyakov Gallery is considered to be 1856, when Pavel Tretyakov acquired two paintings by Russian artists: “The Temptation” by N. G. Schilder and “Clash with Finnish Smugglers” , although earlier in 1854-1855 he bought 11 graphic sheets and 9 paintings by old Dutch masters. IN for the general public in The Moscow City Gallery of Pavel and Sergei Tretyakov was opened. Her collection included 1276 paintings, 471 drawings and 10 sculptures by Russian artists, as well as 84 paintings by foreign masters.
In August Pavel Mikhailovich donated his art gallery to the city . In the collection by this time there were 1287 paintings and 518 graphic works Russian school, 75 paintings and 8 drawings of the European school, 15 sculptures and a collection of icons. the official opening of the museum under the name "Moscow City Gallery of Pavel and Sergei Mikhailovich Tretyakov" took place.
The gallery was located in a house that the Tretyakov family bought back in . As the collection grew, new premises were gradually added to the residential part of the mansion, necessary for the storage and display of works of art. Similar extensions were made in 1873, 1882, 1885, 1892, and finally in 1902-1904, when the famous facade designed in— architect according to the artist's drawings . Architect supervised the construction .
The Tretyakov Gallery was declared "state property of the Russian Federative Soviet Republic" and was named the State Tretyakov Gallery. Re-appointed director of the museum who has held this post since . With his active participation in the same year, the State Museum Fund was created, which, up to remained one of the most important sources of replenishment of the museum's collection.
IN Academician of architecture became the director of the museum . The very next year, the Gallery received a neighboring house on Maly Tolmachevsky Lane ( former home merchant Sokolikov). After the restructuring in the administration of the Gallery, scientific departments, a library, a department of manuscripts, graphics funds were located here. Later, in 1985-1994, the administrative building was built on the project of the architect A. L. Bernshtein with 2 floors and was equal in height to the exposition halls.
In 1928, the gallery underwent a major overhaul of heating and ventilation, electricity has been provided.
In 1929, the Church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi was closed, and in 1932 its building was transferred to the Gallery and became a repository of painting and sculpture. Later it was connected to the exhibition halls by a built two-story building, the upper floor of which was specially designed for exhibiting the painting. " "(1837-1857). A passage was also built between the halls located on both sides of the main staircase. This ensured the continuity of the overview of the exposition. The development of a new concept for the placement of exhibits began in the museum.
IN a new two-story building was opened on the north side of the main building - the so-called "Shchusevsky building". These halls were first used for exhibitions, and with were included in the main exhibition route.
From the first days The dismantling of the exposition began in the Gallery - like other museums in Moscow, it was preparing for evacuation. In the middle of summer a train of 17 wagons set off from Moscow and delivered the collection to. Only The gallery was reopened in Moscow.
IN , in honor of the 100th anniversary of the Tretyakov Gallery, the A. A. Ivanov Hall was completed.
IN - Tretyakov Gallery headed . Due to the increased number of visitors, he actively dealt with the issue of expanding the exposition area. Construction work began in 1983. IN A depository was put into operation - a repository of works of art and restoration workshops. IN reconstruction of the main building of the Tretyakov Gallery began (architects I. M. Vinogradsky, G. V. Astafiev, B. A. Klimov and others). IN a new building was built on the south side of the main building, which housed a conference room, an information and computing center, a children's studio and exhibition halls. The building was called the "Engineering Corps" because most of the engineering systems and services were concentrated in it.
From 1986 to The Tretyakov Gallery in Lavrushinsky Lane was closed to visitors due to major reconstruction. The only exposition area of the museum for this decade was the building at Krymsky Val, 10, which in 1985 was merged with the Tretyakov Gallery.
Members of the All-Russian Museum Association "State Tretyakov Gallery"
- Tretyakov Gallery in Lavrushinsky Lane, 10,
- Museum-temple of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi,
- Tretyakov Gallery on Krymsky Val, 10,
In 1985 located on , 10, was merged with the Tretyakov Gallery into a single museum complex under the general name of the State Tretyakov Gallery. The building now houses a renovated permanent exhibition"Art of the 20th century".
Part of the Tretyakov Gallery is , representing a unique combination of museum exposition and functioning temple. The museum complex in Lavrushinsky Lane includes the Engineering Corps intended for temporary exhibitions and Showroom in Tolmachi. The museum offers services .
Heads of the State Tretyakov Gallery
- (- present time)
- ( — )
- ( — )
- (1926—1929)
- (1913—1925)
Museum collection
By 1917, the collection of the Tretyakov Gallery consisted of about 4,000 works, by 1975 - 55,000 works. The Gallery's collection constantly grew due to systematic government purchases.
Currently, the collection includes Russian painting, graphics, sculpture, individual works of arts and crafts.- started.
Second half
The Russian painting of the second half of XIX century. The Tretyakov Gallery has the best collection of works( , , , , , , , , and etc.).
Art is multifaceted (including "We didn't expect",) and (including "", "", ""), sculptor.
Late XIX - early
The main artists represented in the collection:, , , , , , , masters ( ,
Tretyakov Gallery - how to get to the Tretyakov Gallery?
The most convenient way to get to this place, which is located almost directly in the center, is by metro, as the central part of the city is overloaded with vehicles, which creates congestion and traffic jams.
The station at which you need to get off is called Tretyakovskaya, from which, in order to later reach the place we need (Tretyakov Gallery) on foot, you need to turn left.
In the picture, you can imagine and trace the path that you need to walk on foot after taking the subway.
If you get public transport, be guided by the Tretyakovskaya metro station. Exit the subway to the left.
If you are traveling by your own car, then follow the instructions below:
The Tretyakov Gallery is located in Moscow at the following address: Lavrushinsky lane, 10. The best way to get there is from the Tretyakovskaya metro station. Coming out of the subway turn left, cross Bolshaya Ordynka street. You will come to the Ordynsky dead end, walk 200 meters, after you have reached Lavrushinsky lane, turn right and you are there.
It is easier to take the metro, in the center it is very difficult to find parking for a car. The station is called Tretyakovskaya, look at the map in the center.
And with the subway like this:
You can even walk from Polyanka on foot, it’s not far from there.
The Tretyakov Gallery is located near the Tretyakovskaya metro station (Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya or Kalininskaya line), the exact address is Lavrushinsky pereulok, 10.
After exiting the metro, turn left to cross Bolshaya Ordynka and walk to the Tretyakov Gallery along Bolshoy Tolmachvsky Lane.
Driving directions by car can be viewed on the website of the Tretyakov Galleryoffering many additional information(working hours, ticket prices, exhibition schedule, gallery news, etc.).
Good afternoon. The Tretyakov Gallery should be looked for on the maps at Lavrushinsky lane, 10. The easiest way to get to it is from the metro, there is a gray line (Polyanka Station) and a green line (Tretyakovskaya) nearby.
If you had to choose from these two stations, then the nearest station from the museum is Tretyakovskaya, here is a detailed route from not:
The famous Tretyakov Gallery is located in the city center. To be more precise, the address is: Lavrushensky lane, 10.
If you want to get to the gallery by metro, then you need to get to the station, which is called Tretyakovskaya. Or else Polyanka or Novokuznetskaya. You need to go to Bolshaya Ordynka Street, cross it, find a fast food restaurant. Next, you need to turn first to the left, then to the right. You must be in the Horde dead end. Then you need to go along it until you reach Lavrushensky Lane.
From Polyanka station you need to take bus 700 to the stop called Bolshaya Yakimanka Street.
There is also a branch of the Tretyakov Gallery, where modern Art. It is located at Krymsky Val 10. Here we get to the stations Park Kultury or Oktyarskaya.