School: MBOU: "Khorinsky average comprehensive school» Olekminsky district of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

Item: Literature

Class: 11

Teacher: Sadykova Galina Afanasyevna

Lesson topic: The story of V.L. Kondratiev "Sasha"

Preparation for the final essay in the direction "Questions posed to mankind by the war"

Target:

To evoke in students reflections on what they have read, experiences, compassion, emotional response;

Improve the ability to analyze text in order to write an essay.

Equipment:

Portrait of a writer

The story of V.L. Kondratiev "Sasha"

Methodical methods:

Text analysis

The course of the lesson in stages:

Organizing time

introduction teachers

Reading a book conversation

Analysis of the episode "Capturing a German"

Relations between Sasha and Zina

Reflection. Final word

Organizing time:

Hello. Today in the lesson we will prepare for an essay in the direction: "Questions posed by the war to mankind." Let's work on the story of V. L. Kondratiev "Sasha". Let's reflect on what we read, try to understand the feelings and actions of the heroes of the work, the suffering and torment of people during the war. Let's analyze the text in order to prepare for writing the final essay.

Introductory speech of the teacher:

May 9 marks the 70th anniversary of the Great Victory won with the blood and lives of millions Soviet people. War is always grief, death and destruction. It is also a test of people's strength. War puts a person before a moral choice: will he break down or remain himself, will he not lose his human face.

Many works have been written about the war, one of which is the story you read by V.L. Kondratiev "Sasha", which the author dedicated to the defenders of the Motherland, the soldiers who fought at the turn from winter to spring of 1942 near Rzhev - alive and dead.

The fate of the protagonist of the story is similar to the fate of the author himself.

Reading a book conversation

Students find that the author immediately introduces the reader into the story: “By the evening, as the German shot back, it was time for Sasha to stand up for the night post ...” He does not call the fighter by his last name, does not name the rank. His hero is just Sasha. The book is easy to read and captivates the reader. The style of the story is simple, conversational. Characteristic features of this style:

Inversion: “At the edge of the grove, a rare hut was stuck to the spruce, for rest, and next to it was thick spruce branches…”

Colloquial: “Seredka”, “feared”, “overlooked”, etc.

What does Sasha do at the front?

Although we are talking about terrible things on the front line, Kondratiev writes: “Sashka was already used to this, wiped himself off and realized that the war was not like what they imagined on Far East. Traces of destruction and death are shown: “The villages that they took stood as if dead ... Of the living, they saw only tanks”

The author shows military life: there were no trenches or dugouts at the first company, it huddled, “beaten - killed in huts”. In the company where Sashka is fighting, out of 150 people, only 16 remained. Sashka has been on the front line for 2 months: it is tight with grub, with ammunition; the soldiers do not have the strength to bury the dead, to dig trenches for themselves.

Sashka gets boots for the company commander; the wounded Sashka returns to the company to say goodbye to the guys and return the machine gun; Sashka leads the orderlies to the wounded; Sashka takes a German prisoner and refuses to shoot him; meeting with Zina; Sashka rescues Lieutenant Volodya from Maryina Roshcha. All these episodes reveal Sasha's personality with different parties. He seems to be passing a test of endurance, of humanity, of loyalty in friendship, in love, a test of power over another person. Sasha passes all these tests with honor: despite hell, he remains a man, does not break.

Retelling and analysis of the episode "Capturing a German"

Sasha's company ran into German scouts and began to hastily retreat. Although mines were exploding, Sashka broke away from his own, rushed through the fire and then saw a German. He shows desperate courage - he takes the German with his bare hands, since he gave his last disk to the company commander. At the same time, Sasha does not consider himself a hero at all.

The prisoner does not answer during interrogation, so the commander sends him along with Sasha to headquarters.

On the way to the headquarters, Sashka looks differently at the unarmed German, says that our prisoners are not shot and promises to save his life.

The battalion commander, also not having obtained any information from the prisoner, orders Sashka to shoot the German. But Sasha cannot kill him, because he promised the prisoner life, and this man is unarmed.

Why didn't Sashka obey the order to shoot the German?

How does such an act characterize him?

Sashka saw in the German not just an enemy, but another person,

an ordinary, the same soldier as he, but only dressed in a different uniform.

Having received the order to shoot the German, our soldier has no idea how he can break the word given to the prisoner, Sashka pities the German. He realized what a terrible power he had over the prisoner. And he felt uneasy from the almost unlimited power over another person that had fallen on him.

Sasha inspires respect for his humanity. The war had not crippled his soul. Price human life did not diminish in his mind. To his delight, the captain canceled his order.

What quality of the hero is emphasized by Kondratiev in the episode of the return of the wounded Sashka to the company?

Sasha is a very responsible, conscientious person. He is ashamed of the fact that he is wounded, he leaves, and the guys remain at the forefront. And no one knows whether any of them are destined to stay alive and whether they will have to see each other again. Sasha wants to say goodbye to his comrades and leave them a rifle.

Relations between Sasha and Zina

The war does not kill the human in Sasha, but even exacerbates the thirst to live, to love. A nurse from Sanrota named Zina, his first love, whose life Sashka saved. The guy is very happy to meet his beloved girl, but he finds out that Zina fell in love with another person. Although Sashka is very hurt and offended, remembering their conversations with Zina and “imagining her life here over these months, he came to this - Zina is not condemned ... Just a war ... And there is no evil against her ... "And Sasha leaves without causing Zina more superfluous conversations. He cannot do otherwise.

Maybe Zina is worthy of condemnation, betrayed her love with Sasha, cheated on him? (class discussion - students express their opinion)

On the way to the hospital, Sashka made friends with Lieutenant Volodya, who was wounded in the arm and was in unbearable pain. He and the lieutenant finally reach the evacuation hospital, where they give only 2 tablespoons of porridge to the hungry wounded. The irritated lieutenant in his hearts threw a plate at the ruddy, well-fed major and Sashka defends his friend, who will be brought before the tribunal, and nothing will happen to him as a private - they will not send him further than the front. In this episode, Sasha turns out to be stronger and wiser than the lieutenant and helps a friend out of trouble.

6. Reflection. Final word

What is your impression of the story "Sasha"?

What episodes do you remember?

What can you say about the main character?

The story is very interesting, attractive, exciting, easy to read. The author truthfully conveyed a picture of military operations near Rzhev in 1942.

Main character Sasha - modest, resilient, with a feeling dignity and active kindness man. Despite the inhuman nature of the war, Sashka passed the test of humanity with honor.

home composition based on the story by V.L. Kondratiev "Sashka" on the topic: "In important epochs of life, sometimes a spark of heroism flares up in the most ordinary person." (M.Yu. Lermontov).

Zaretskaya Olga Nikolaevna
Job title: teacher
Educational institution: Sukhobuzimsky district Krasnoyarsk Agricultural College
Locality: Krasnoyarsk
Material name: methodical development
Subject: Kondratiev "Sasha"
Publication date: 06.05.2016
Chapter: complete education

SUBJECT:
LIFE IN WAR

/ based on the story by V. Kondratiev

"Sasha" /

Lesson Objectives:
1. to reveal the specifics of the image of the war and the character of an ordinary soldier in the story of V. Kondratiev; to prove the main idea of ​​the writer: even in inhuman conditions, a person must save his soul, not tarnish his conscience, remain a man; 2. develop a culture of reader perception of a literary text, understanding author's position; figurative and analytical thinking (the ability to analyze the episode, explain its connection with the problematic of the work, the ability to compare, highlight the main thing, generalize); 3. educate a spiritually developed personality, form a humanistic worldview, national identity, a sense of patriotism.
Lesson plan:
1. Listening to the beginning of the song "A long time ago there was a war ...". 2. Introductory speech of the teacher. 3. Messages from students.  V.Kondratiev - front-line writer.  Reading A. Tvardovsky's poem “I was killed near Rzhev…”.  Historical reference about the battles near Rzhev.  The writer's path to Sasha. 4. Analysis of the story.  Artistic details that recreate the picture of the war.  Sasha as a man and a fighter.  Three tests.  Problem situation.  Characteristics of the story. 5. Written work. 6. Generalization on the lesson. 7. Summing up. 8. Homework.

War - there is no crueler word.

War - there is no sadder word.

War - there is no holier word ...
A.T. Tvardovsky
preliminary homework:

1).
Group task:
1 group:
prepare a report about the front-line writer V.L. Kondratiev.
2 group:
prepare a report on the history of writing the story "Sasha".
3rd group:
prepare a historical background on the battles near Rzhev.
2).
Read the story by V. Kondratiev "Sasha" and complete the following tasks: 1. What details, pictures, facts create in the story the atmosphere of the battles near Rzhev? (make notes in notebooks). 2. Analyze the story of the captured German and answer the following questions:  What spiritual qualities of Sashka are shown in this episode?  What is moral issues this part of the story? 3. Analyze the story with Zina and answer the following questions:  What does the image of his relationship with Zina add to the disclosure of Sasha's character?  How do you explain and evaluate Sasha's behavior at the end of the second part of the story? 4. Analyze the story with lieutenant Volodka and answer the questions:  What are the motives of Sasha's intercession for the lieutenant?  How do you assess his behavior?

3).
Draw illustrations for the story (individual task).
4).
Prepare an expressive reading (by heart) of an excerpt from A. Tvardovsky's poem "I was killed near Rzhev ..."
DURING THE CLASSES.

I. Listening to the song "A long time ago there was a war ...".
2

II. Introductory speech of the teacher
. The volleys of the Great Patriotic War. On May 9, 2016, our country will celebrate the 71st anniversary of the Victory Day. But we will be arguing about this war, opening new pages in the history of this terrible war, getting acquainted with honest and talented books about it for a long time to come. L.N. Tolstoy admitted that every time he picked up new book with the same thought about the author: what kind of person are you and what new things can you tell about life? So what kind of person is Vyacheslav Leonidovich Kondratyev? What's new about the Great Patriotic War, he told us in his story "Sasha"?

III. Student messages.

1). V.Kondratyev is a front-line writer.
Vyacheslav Leonidovich Kondratiev came to literature quite late, many years after the war, in the late 70s. He was born in 1923. In 1939, from the first year of the institute, he joined the army, served in the Far East. In December 1941, among the junior commanders, he was sent to the front, in 1942 he was near Rzhev, where the fighting was especially difficult, and our losses were especially numerous. We can judge the severity of those battles by the fact that at first he was an assistant platoon commander, then a platoon commander, and then he took over a company - and all this in just one week. Then new battles, painful, unsuccessful, such as Alexander Tvardovsky wrote about in the poem "I was killed near Rzhev ...".
2). Reading an excerpt from the poem by A. Tvardovsky “I was killed under

Rzhev ... "
(from the beginning - to the words: "... for the dead are cursed - this punishment is terrible"). Vyacheslav Kondratiev was not killed, he got wounded and the medal "For Courage". After a vacation due to a wound, the front was again, serving in the railway troops, in intelligence. At the end of the 43rd - a serious wound, six months in the hospital, and after - demobilization due to disability.
"Before

Berlin

came,

own

case

war

did",
- so ends the story of Konstantin Simonov about the military fate of the front-line writer Vyacheslav Leonidovich Kondratyev. (Simonov K. "Good luck, Sashka" - "Friendship of Peoples", 1979, No. 2)
3). Historical information about the battles near Rzhev.
The battles near Rzhev were terrible, exhausting, with great human losses. Marshal G.K. Zhukov writes about this in his memoirs: 3
“During the offensive, the rate of ammunition consumption was set - 1-2 shots per day per gun! Therefore, huge losses. Troops are weakened. The command asks to stop the offensive, to allow them to gain a foothold on the achieved lines. But the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, by the Directive of March 20, 1942, rejected this request and demanded an energetic offensive. In late March - early April, the fronts of the Western direction tried to fulfill the order - to defeat the Rzhev-Vyazma grouping of the enemy. Zhukov writes that "for obvious reasons, the efforts turned out to be fruitless", and adds: only after that the Stavka was forced to accept the proposal to go over to the defensive on this line. K.K. Rokossovsky also spoke about the terrible burden that befell those who fought in this direction: “There were not enough soldiers, machine guns, mortars, artillery, ammunition in the regiments and divisions; there were only a few tanks left ... Paradox: the strongest defends, and the weaker advances. And in our conditions, waist-deep in snow.” (Zhukov G.K. Memoirs, reflections. - M., 1969. - p. 375-377)
4).

The writer's path to Sasha.
Vyacheslav Kondratiev is asked how it happened that in his middle years he suddenly took up the story of the war.
Apparently, summer has come,

maturity came, and with it a clear understanding that war is the most

the most important thing in my life,
- admits the writer
.
Memories began to torment me, I even felt the smells of the war, I did not forget, although the 60s were already going on. At night, guys from his native platoon came to his dreams, smoked cigarettes, looked at the sky, waiting for a bomber. Read voraciously military prose, but did not find his own war in it, although there was only one war. Even the works of Vasil Bykov, Yuri Bondarev, Grigory Baklanov, in which the real war was shown, did not reflect what Kondratiev himself saw in the war.
“Apparently, each of the millions who fought had their own war. But

It was my war that I did not find in the books. My war is resilience and

the courage of soldiers and officers, this is a terrible infantry battle, this is wet

trenches.

war

a lack of

shells,

min…”,
- so wrote V. Kondratiev. The author understood:
“...Only I myself can tell about my war. And I

must tell. I won’t tell - some page of the war will remain

undisclosed."
Kondratiev began to look for his Rzhev brother-soldiers, but he did not find anyone and suddenly thought that maybe he alone had survived. So, the more he should tell about everything! This is his duty! 4
And so
"went

spring

under

Rzhev.

Protopal

twenty

kilometers

to his former front line, I saw that tormented,

all the Rzhev land dotted with craters, on which there were also

rusty punctured helmets, and soldier's bowlers ... more plumage stuck out

unexploded

saw

was

most

terrible

unburied remains of those who fought here, maybe those who

knew with whom he drank liquid millet from one pot or with whom he huddled in

one hut during mine shelling, and I was pierced: to write about this

only the strict truth is possible, otherwise it will be simply immoral.”
The writer revealed to us the truth about the war, smelling of sweat and blood, although he himself believed that "Sasha" -
"only

small

a fraction

Togo,

need to

to tell about

Soldier, Victorious Soldier.
(Kondratiev V. While we are alive ... - “Questions of Literature”, 1979, No. 6; Kondratiev V. Not everything has been written about the war. - Sat. “Land of birth, land of fate.” - M., 1987.)
5). Teacher:
Vyacheslav Leonidovich Kondratiev is no more. On September 23, 1993, he tragically passed away, shot himself. But what does "gone" mean? We leave - sooner or later - we all, any person. But, unlike "anyone", the writer remains on the ground. He remains in his work, in his works, his living voice continues to sound from their pages, trembles ... his wounded, but continuing to hurt - for all of us! - the heart ... On them, these pages, History itself lives; reading and re-reading them, we “plunge” into the past again and again, relive it anew, ... take over the baton of times. (Kogan A. Lived and died like a soldier. - “Literature at school”, 1995, No. 2) Vyacheslav Kondratiev prefaces his story as follows: “This story is dedicated to all those who fought near Rzhev - the living and the dead” About the story of V. Kondratiev “ Sashka "we'll talk today in the lesson,
target
which: to reveal the specifics of the image of the war and the character of an ordinary soldier in the story; prove main idea writer: even in inhuman conditions, a person must save his soul, not tarnish his conscience, remain a man.
IV. Analysis of the story "Sasha".

1. Two months on the front line. Life of war.
5

QUESTION: What are the essential artistic details, paintings,

data,

help

draws

truthful

reliable

picture of the battles near Rzhev.
1) “And the night floated over the front line, as usual. Rockets splashed into the sky, scattered there with a bluish light, and then with a spike, already extinguished, went down to the ground torn apart by shells and mines ... Sometimes the sky was cut through by tracers, sometimes silence was blown up by machine-gun bursts or distant artillery cannonade ... As usual ... "(We are talking about terrible things, a terrible picture is drawn, and for the hero all this is an ordinary, familiar state ("as usual"). 2) “The villages that they took stood as if dead, there was no movement in them. Only flocks of nasty howling mines, rustling shells flew from there, and tracer threads stretched. From
alive
they only saw
tanks
, which, counterattacking, fired at us, rumbling with engines and pouring machine-gun fire on them, and they rushed about on the then snowy field ... Well, our forty-five yelped, drove away the Fritz. (War is war, and it only brings death, a strange combination - "live tanks"). 3) “It’s bad with bread. No Navaru. Half a pot of liquid millet for two - and be healthy. 4) "In the middle of the patch, their beaten-killed company crowded around the political instructor wounded in the leg." 5) “The fact that you have to touch a dead body did not bother him - they got used to the corpses. Scattered all over the grove…” 6) “… how it howled overhead, it rustled, and then explosions rumbled all over the grove, and it started… And the shelling was great – mines burst one after another, in batches, as if some hefty machine-gunner was scribbling a burst… He looked back, and really terrible things are happening there - gaps all over the forest, clods of earth are thrown up, uprooted trees are falling "7) "Although there is nothing there - no shelters, no trenches, no cracks, only huts - but got used to it (grove), like a home…” 8) “…felt… a pulling feeling of emptiness in the stomach from within, which seized them all several times a day.” 9) “... on the move after the night march they threw them into the attack on Ovsyannikovo, but not once or twice ... Then every day they expected - today they will go on the offensive again. Why suffer before death, dig trenches in the frozen ground? The earth is like a stone. Can you overcome with a small sapper shovel? Then, in April, the whole grove was flooded with water, each tiny funnel was filled with it. Well, now, when it has dried up a little, there are no more strengths, they are completely exhausted, and we are waiting for a change from day to day. What is there to dig? Fresh ones will come, let them dig for themselves ... "10) "I always went through the second company, and there I took a smoke break to chat with friends. True, there are almost no fellow soldiers left in the Far East, one or two per company ... "6
11) “Only Sashka forgot that there were still unburied dead lying nearby, and the Germans didn’t need to look at them.” 12) “And Sashka was curious about a lot: how the Germans have food, and how many cigarettes they get a day, how much rum, and why there are no interruptions with mines ... Of course, Sashka would not talk about his life, being, there is nothing to boast about yet . And with grub tight, and with ammunition. 13) “Sashka himself knows that it’s bad, but he doesn’t have the strength to bury the guys, no ... After all, he can’t dig a trench for himself, alive.” 14) “It was empty in the village ... Sashka noticed how this already small village was decreasing, and now I saw: there was no barn where they took refuge the first night, there was no last house either, only firebrands, well, there were more funnels. 15) - “How many people did you have in your company? the captain asked. - One hundred and fifty ... - How much is left? - Sixteen ... "(In 2 months, out of every ten people died, nine!) 16)" At night, after their very first offensive, the Germans fired at the rear, and twelve of his fellow soldiers from the Far East were buried under this barn. And the guys didn’t reach the front end, but they were all young, Sasha’s same-year-olds. The shed still smells like a corpse.” 17) “On the front line, this is the order: if you get hurt, go to the rear, give your machine gun to the rest, and take your dear three-line shot, sample of one thousand eighty-ninety-one years, the thirtieth, which you will hand over in the rear.” 18) “The first one didn’t have trenches or dugouts, there was water all around. Even small craters from mines were filled with it, and huddled beaten-killed in huts. Only the company commander had a thin dugout, dug out on a hillock, but there was water up to the knee in it. (The miserable words - "hut", "trench", "dugout" emphasize the precariousness, insecurity of the situation). 19) “... I knew for sure that there would be no meetings with many of those who remained here, and which of them to stay here, on this Rzhev land swollen with blood, this is fate ...” 20) “But he didn’t look so hot: burned , a mud-stained quilted jacket full of holes, wadded trousers in tatters, other trousers, diagonal, also worn, were visible from the holes on the knees, and beige warm underpants were visible from them, and then the body turned blue; the earflaps, hit by a bullet (helmets were not always worn), were also torn to pieces, the windings lost their color and the redness from adhering clay, and the hands were black, burned ... They warmed them over the fire, and when you doze off for a moment, they fell into the fire lifelessly, because and burns. 21) “... but now he felt the weight of two months of dirt on himself and dreamed of a bath: how he would warm up a completely frozen body in a steam room, how he would tear off 7
from him a scab of overgrown dirt, how to put on hot underwear after roasting and how to finally get rid of the nasty, harassing all of them constantly ... " twenty bayonets!)” 23) “One young lieutenant came up and asked: “Well, how are you? - Yes, nothing, - Sasha answered and didn’t seem to palter. From afar, everything that had passed did not seem so terrible, as if nothing special had happened. “It looks like you got it,” the lieutenant said slowly and somehow thoughtfully, shaking his head. - Will you smoke? - It's a pleasure. Tobacco didn't matter. - And what's good? - he grinned, holding out a wrapped cigarette to Sasha. Sashka thanked, but kept silent when asked - there is no need for the lieutenant to know ahead of time, everything is ahead of him: he will burn, and get hungry, and roll in the mud ... ”24)“ The wounded told such things - the heart went cold ... ”25)“ You understand, this is impossible ... You can’t have fun when all the fields are ours!” 26) “And Sasha imagined how in an hour his own company in blown huts would tremble and how he would certainly slap someone today ... how the company commander would say to the soldiers standing near the dead: “Guys, only without sentimentality, war is war,” and how they will shower him with spruce branches, and then they will scatter over their beds, scraping the last tobacco from their pockets. 27) “Whatever you say, while the war, while his battalion bleeds, while they turn white underwear unburied in the fields, what holidays can there be, what kind of dances? 28) “They understood that there was hunger and hardship in the rear, and that no one looked at them as heroes ... They saw that the war had gone through these country roads, through these villages, ruined, these people had their mouths full of worries, not up to the soldiers , who can be blamed for allowing the war to reach them…” 29) “Only they got rid of the German, only they began to come to their senses a little, fix the economy, and then a river of crippled people flows past, and shelter everyone, feed everyone, but with what? ... About a hundred will pass in a day, but since February, how did the offensive start, and how many until now? 30) “Prod-point?... There was it, a pro-point! In winter! And now I’m not there, they’ve transferred me somewhere! ... I’ve been stomping for the second day, begging potatoes from women ... ”31)“ We were digging potatoes with our hands. Slugy, sour tubers spread in the hands, and at first it was not possible to eat such a thing, but when the bluish flesh was squeezed out of the peel, kneaded in the hands, salted 8
and began to bake in a frying pan, then already from the smell ... it swirled in my head and ached sweetly in my stomach ... "32)" ... Haven't you made sure at the front end that the German is still stronger than us, more organized, more skillful ... "33) "You are privates, you that you did not drive anyone to death ... Nothing will be written off. All my life I will remember how the guys looked at me when I laid out the order for them to attack ... All my life ... "34)" My sergeant, assistant platoon commander, who advised me for the second time in the war to start a platoon behind a beam and wait a little there, he felt, the offensive will choke ... But I won’t! Onward and onward! And the guys are mowed down on the left, then on the right. Shreds from the platoon fly, and I go on and on. Then they lay down, it was impossible to continue, and after a minute or two they left. If they had waited in this beam, consider that half a platoon would have been saved. 35) “The army seemed to be standing here in the winter, ... the helmets were shot through, bags from gas masks, zinc boxes from cartridges, rusty windings, scraps of bloody bandages, and they even noticed one corpse, but they didn’t come up - that’s enough, they’ve seen enough for the rest of their lives !" 36) “It's been an offensive path. And the main insult is that these damned subdivisions, as if on purpose, move from place to place - and no one knows where. So you have to dig potatoes in full view of people, and hide your hungry eyes when spending the night ... And they imagined what it was like for women to receive guests every night and share the last piece with them ... A monument to them, these women from front-line villages, after the war should be erected ... " 37) “Tell me, why are you walking like that? Skin and bones. One is more beautiful than the other. They don’t feed you in the war, or what, or, by the time you get here, are you emaciated? 38). “After all, they trampled a hundred miles, but on such grub, but wounded, and after the limber, on which they didn’t know a day of real sleep ... Weakness and impenetrable fatigue made themselves known ... "39)" ... The worker asked where Sashka fought, were there big fights? Sashka didn’t spread much - there were fights of local importance, but he got it all the same. The worker shook his head and repeated: - Local significance, you say? This means that they didn’t indulge in technology, they probably hoped for a rifle more? - And how were they fed? - Mudslide ... - And this is understandable, - the fellow traveler grinned again ... "
CONCLUSION:
The author paints a terrible true picture of the battles: the troops suffered monstrous losses, the survivors did not have the strength and opportunity to bury the dead, so the corpses were lying everywhere; the soldiers had nowhere to rest, dry off, they were starving; there were not enough weapons, ammunition, equipment. The author shows the "routine" of extreme situations. 9

2. Sasha as a person and a fighter.

QUESTIONS:

1). In what episodes with special force Sasha is revealed as a person

and fighter? State the motives behind his actions.

1).
Sasha gets boots for the company commander.

(“For myself, I wouldn’t climb for anything, these boots would go to waste! But it’s a pity for the company commander. His pims were soaked through with water - and you won’t dry out over the summer ...”)
2).
The wounded Sasha under fire returns to the company to say goodbye to the guys and return the machine gun. (“But then his PPSh company will not get it ... Yes, it would be necessary to say goodbye to the guys and the company commander ...”)
3).
Sasha leads the orderlies to the seriously wounded. (“... he knows, you can’t drag these San-Vzvodov’s men to the front with a lasso. They will return and say that they didn’t find, they say, or that he was already wounded. Who will check them? .. But he gave his word. To the dying - the word!”)
4).
The story of a captured German. (“Sashka saw a lot of deaths during this time - live to be 100 years old, you won’t see so much - but the price of human life has not diminished from this in his mind.”)
5).
The story of Zina (“And again, having gone through everything that he and Zina had that day and evening, recalling again all their conversations and imagining her life here for these months, he came to the conclusion that Zina is beyond the jurisdiction ... Just a war ... And he has no evil on her.")
6).
Sasha rescues Lieutenant Volodka. (“Well, what’s the demand from me, an ordinary vanka? It’s a pity to waste time on me, when it’s still a marching and limber in a month. And you’re a lieutenant. It’s a different conversation with you - they can demote you, and give them to the tribunal.”)
7).
Episode with Pasha. (“Here, Pasha,” said Sashka. “We met by chance and didn’t spend a day together, but I’ll remember you all my life ... - Quit pouring something! I know you ... - No, really, Pasha. I’m not lying I love ... "- As if I'm leaving home ... - I took a nap, so? - That's not the point ... A very good woman, warm-hearted. She called to stay for a week ... - I guessed. Why are you? - It’s useless ... - he answered in thought Sasha…”) 10

2). Why, out of the entire front-line life of their hero, were these

events?
(These episodes reveal Sasha's personality from different angles, as if he is being tested for endurance, for humanity, for fidelity in friendship, in love, tests of power, unlimited power over another person.)

3. Three tests.

Teacher:
V. Kondratiev led his hero "through trials of power, love and friendship."
How did Sasha survive these tests?

1) The story with the German ("test by power").

a) Concise summary.
(Sashka ran into German reconnaissance (when he got boots for the company), rushed to the grove to warn his own, and ran into the company commander, who gave the order to retreat beyond the ravine. The Nazis captured the "tongue" and began to hastily retreat. German mines flew: the Germans they wanted to cut off their reconnaissance from ours. Sasha broke away from his own, rushed through the fire and then saw a German. Sasha shows desperate courage - he takes the German with his bare hands: he has no cartridges, he gave his disk to the company commander. But how many guys were killed for "language"! Sashka did not hesitate for a minute. But at the same time, he does not consider himself a hero. When the company commander asks how it happened, he answers: "But the jester knows him. Durik." The company commander interrogates the German to no avail, then orders Sashka to lead the German to headquarters. On the way, Sashka tells the German that they don't shoot prisoners with us, promises him life. The battalion commander, having obtained no information from the German, orders him to be shot. Sashka does not obey the order.)
b) QUESTIONS:

1. Why doesn't Sasha obey the order?
(It would not have been difficult for Sashka to kill a German in battle (“That’s when they rose from under the hillock - gray, scary, some kind of non-humans - they were enemies”, “Sashka would shoot these arsonists mercilessly if they were caught”). the German was a prisoner, unarmed, he could not shoot him, since 11
promised to save his life (“We are not you. We don’t shoot prisoners”, “he is not the kind to mock a prisoner and unarmed”). Between two soldiers - Russian and German - they are tied human relations: both wash and clean before coming to headquarters; the German treats Sasha with cigarettes; Sashka addresses the prisoner differently than at first (not “fascist”, but “fritz”, more neutrally, because Fritz is a German name); Sasha already wants to talk to him, ask about life, it's a pity he doesn't know German. Sashka saw in the prisoner not just an enemy, but another person: “... when he took this Fritz, fought with him, feeling the warmth of his body, the strength of his muscles, he seemed to Sashka ordinary person, the same soldier as he, only dressed in a different uniform, only fooled and deceived ... That's why he could talk to him like a human, take cigarettes, smoke together ... "). Sasha has very strong moral principles: if he gave his word, he must keep it (“Sashka has seen a lot of deaths during this time - live to a hundred years, you won’t see so much - but the price of human life has not diminished from this in his mind ").
2). At what moment did a thought flash through with a "second flash"

obey the order of the battalion commander?
(When the battalion commander without an overcoat and a hat walked with Tolik to the ashes near which Sashka and the prisoner were, “Sashka turned pale, cringed, doused his body with icy sweat, his heart sank ... and with a second flash flashed - well, what if ... slam the German now and run to the captain: “Your order has been fulfilled ...” And all the confusion was removed from the soul ... And, ... only turning to the German, he saw Sashka, he read this thought for a second, his eyes were covered with a death veil ... No, I can’t ... And, when I decided irrevocably, like it became calmer, only this peace is mortuary…”)
3). When Sashka was leading the German to the battalion headquarters, then at one moment

he became afraid. Why?

(“And then Sashka realized what a terrible power he had over the German. After all, from his every word or gesture he either faints, then he enters into hope. He, Sashka, is now free over the life and death of another person. If he wants, he will bring him to the headquarters alive Sashka even somehow felt uneasy... But the German didn't know what kind of person Sashka was, that he wasn't the kind to mock the prisoner and the unarmed... his almost unlimited power over another person”).
4). What is the position of Tolik, the liaison battalion commander?
(Tolik's motto: "Our business is calf ... Ordered - fulfilled!" He tries on the watch of a German who has not yet been killed ("... grabbed the watch on his hand with a tenacious glance and did not let go"). 12
I’m ready to bargain with Sasha so as not to miss the “trophy” (“... I would give you a loaf of blackies ... for a watch ... I can buy a pack in addition.”) The company commander, for example, behaves quite differently: “the company commander took a lighter, struck, lit a cigarette and gave fire to Sasha ... He turned the lighter, examining it, and handed it back to the German. He doesn’t have a “barrier, a barrier” in his soul, like Sasha’s, he, without hesitation and without pangs of conscience, would have shot an unarmed one (“... if he doesn’t split - against the wall! ... Why mess around with him? Once he is silent, and that's where he's going." Sasha understands that "Tolik loves to boast, but he is a weakling." Sasha and Tolik are opposed as responsibility and irresponsibility, sympathy and indifference, honesty and selfishness.)
5). What spiritual qualities of Sasha are shown in this episode?

(Active kindness; effective humanism; firmness of moral principles; attitude to life as the highest value; fear of unlimited power over another person; a great sense of responsibility for everything, even for what he could not answer for).
6). What is the moral issue of this part of the story?

(- Problems of humanism, truth, moral choice, values ​​of life. - The problem of power: power as a right and power as a responsibility).
c) Generalization:
The author notes that "there is a barrier in his soul, or a barrier that he cannot cross."
d) Teacher:
In a case from life that formed the basis of the story, the finale of the story with the prisoner ended more tragically: the commander did not cancel his order, and the prisoner of war was shot, and the person who followed the order (and later told this story to Kondratiev) tormented all his life: was he right? entered?
2) Relationship with Zina (“test by love”).

a) QUESTIONS:

1). What does Zina mean in Sasha's life?
(Sashka saved Zina's life when he covered her with his body during the bombing. This is his first love. He is so looking forward to meeting! But he is on the front line 13
does not allow himself to think about it, because the war, and anything can happen, because "they are used to living at the front for an hour, or even a minute." On the way to the hospital, when the terrible tension of the front line gradually lets go, when joy floods into his soul that he is alive, Sashka allows himself to think about Zina, a sister from the sanrota. He was worried about how they would meet, because after all, 2 months had passed. And they had nothing, only kissed a few times. But at parting, he realized that he had no one closer and dearer to him, that he was ready to do everything for this girl in an overcoat, if only she would feel good and calm. And then, on the offensive, he imagined that he was going to defend her, Zina, who promised to wait for him, and it became easier for him. But, waiting for Zina, he always thinks about his company: she will again tremble in huts, and “she will certainly slap someone today,” “and he is vaguely and kind of ashamed that he is here, and they are there.” When he finds out about the party, it makes him angry: “What dancing! You lie, Zina! It can’t be!” and “it even shook him.” He says sternly: “You see, it’s impossible ... You can’t have fun when all the fields are in ours!” Even in the rear, he cannot live according to other laws than the laws of the front line. When meeting with Zina in the evening, Sashka caught that “there is more pity in the caresses of the Zinins ... and she kept saying miserable words: dear, stupid, poor thing ... Maybe out of pity she decided to do everything, and even because she considers herself to be indebted to him for life ". It seems to him that their love with Zina will be as short as a rocket flash: “It won’t burn for long, it won’t have time to warm up properly and ... it will go out - the war will separate them in different directions.”)
2). Why did Zina go to the party anyway?
(The lieutenant came, persuaded her, because they were sending him to the front line, he wanted to say goodbye to Zina. Zina Sashka said on a walk that the lieutenant liked her, that he was taking care of her in a good way. And Zina seems to like this lieutenant. )
3). How did Sasha react to the fact that she went to the dance?
(When he finds out that Zina is there, dancing with the lieutenant, he is bitter, hurt: “But the fact that Zina is now there, at the evening, hurt, and something nauseating began to come up to his throat. He breathed intermittently, heavily and hastily, with a disobedient hand, he began to pull on the tunic. "" Something cold, heavy grew in a lump in his chest, approached his throat, pressed ... "" ... as if it had burst in Sasha's head, "when he saw Zina in the window, he was ready to throw it into the window opening a piece of brick if someone offended her.But Zina's words brought him even greater suffering when she said to the lieutenant: 14
“- No need, Tolya ... - and took his hands away softly and angrily. If the earth had risen nearby from the explosion, Sasha would not have been so stunned. And not a word, not an address by name, but this gesture of the deceased, even affectionate, with which she took his hands away, as if she had power against the lieutenant, hit Sasha in the very heart and assured him that they had love ... Sasha was thrown back.”
4). How do you assess Sasha's behavior in the finale of the second part

lead?

(
Sasha behaved in this situation in the highest degree with dignity. Despite the shock, pain, resentment, remembering their meeting, conversations and “imagining her life here over these months, he came to the conclusion that Zina is incontestable ... It’s just a war ... And he has no anger at her ...” Sashka realized that they had love , and since love, what right does he have to interfere with her? And Sasha leaves without hurting Zina with unnecessary talk. The kindness, sensitivity, nobility of the hero prevailed here too. He awakened the ability to respect other people's feelings, to understand and forgive a loved one, not to hurt him. This is true love. A.S. Pushkin also wrote:
I loved you so sincerely, so tenderly,

How God forbid you beloved to be different.)

3) The story of Lieutenant Volodka (“test of friendship”).

a) Reading the episode in the hospital. (p. 231-234)

b) QUESTIONS:
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1). What are the motives of Sasha's intercession for the lieutenant

Volodya?
(“Well, what’s the demand from me, Private Vanka? It’s a pity to waste time on me, when it’s still a march and a limber in a month. And you’re a lieutenant. It’s a different conversation with you - they can demote you, and give them to the tribunal.” so let's agree - if they start sewing on me, then do as you know, but for now we'll wait. Maybe everything will cost.")
2). How do you evaluate his action?
(We sympathize with Sasha and admire his deed: he, who does not look at all heroic, not a dashing soldier, turns out to be stronger and bolder than the desperate lieutenant from Maryina Roshcha, rescues him from trouble. , into the war, and not terrible, because all the terms of the front line are replaced, and there - before the first blood, as wounded, he redeemed himself, and Sasha still can’t get away, as the wound heals, so go there But it sucked in my soul disgustingly - for a long time Sashka was not under any trial-investigation ... "" But he did not regret what he had done. He considered himself more prudent than Volodya and more cunning, maybe. "A couple of days later they called Sasha again ... He walked with his sister to that building, and my heart was vague, some kind of fear froze my heart, only one thing eased: maybe everything will turn out completely, the unknown is the worst of all. then Sasha didn’t give a damn at all.
4). The originality of the main character.

QUESTION: What can you say about Sasha, the main qualities

his character?

1. Great sense of responsibility.
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(1). “They slept here without waking up, but for some reason Sashka left sleep twice and once even got up to check on his partner - it hurts unreliable ... And he was even glad when his rest came to an end, when he took over the post - he was reliable on himself then more." 2). “Sashka helped him, and then, hastily recharging the disk, he rushed to where the company commander remained”, 3). “He unhooked his disk from his belt and put it in the hand of the company commander.” 4). “... he understood: the Germans were cutting them off from their intelligence ... And it became so insulting - they would leave, infections, with impunity - that Sashka got up and rushed through the fire.” 5). “The fact that he had no cartridges, Sashka remembered and understood what he was doing, but there was no other way out, otherwise you would miss the German, and how many guys from intelligence were put down while they were climbing for the“ language ”, Sashka knew. 6). “If only someone could. But Sashka did not call for help - a mortar cutting-off fire rushed from behind, as if someone had been nailed if they started to break through.
2. An inquisitive mind and a critical look at what is happening.
(1). “For the first time in his entire service in the army, during the months of the front, Sashka encountered in a desperate contradiction the habit of obeying unquestioningly and a terrible doubt about the justice and necessity of what he was ordered.” 2). “He changed his mind about many things here over these months, Sashka got his fill under these Rzhev villages, which they took, they took, but they could not take it ... But he never doubted victory. 3). “He also understood that the matter was not only in the lack of shells and mines, but also there was not enough order. They have not yet learned how to fight properly, both commanders and privates. And that this study is on the go, in battles goes through Sasha's life itself.
3. Conscientiousness.
(1). "... He strove to be in front of the German, blocking the clearing with his body, on which ours lay." 2). “No matter how hard Sashka tried to lead the German so that they didn’t come across the dead, no, no, yes, they stumbled upon them, and again Sashka was ashamed that they were not buried, as if he himself was to blame for something.”

3). “... but it’s somehow embarrassing and ashamed - here he is leaving, and the guys and ... the company commander should stay here, in this trash and wetness, and no one knows if any of them are destined to leave here alive, as he, Sashka, is leaving now " . 4). “And it became vague in my soul and it seemed ashamed that he was now in a quiet ... village ... and his comrades and his company commander were there.”

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4. Understanding the need for what he does.

1). “But Sasha did all these terrible two months, which is reluctant. And in the offensive, and in reconnaissance - all this is through force, overcoming oneself, hammering fear and thirst to live deep, to the very bottom of the soul, so that they do not interfere with doing what is supposed to be, what is necessary. 2). “... but he didn’t lose his nerve and did his soldier’s business as best he could, although he didn’t seem to perform any special heroism. And I didn’t think at all that just being here, in the cold and hunger, without shelters and trenches, under hourly shelling, is already a feat.
5. Intelligence.
1) “Reluctantly, reluctantly, Sashka approached one hut and knocked timidly.” 2) "Sashka's fellow traveler trampled a little more, ... Sasha touched his hand - let's go, they say, there is nothing for yourself and the hostess to collect the soul." 3) "... sorry, grandfather, we are nervous from the front ..."
4. Problem situation.

Teacher:
“... the company commander used to, before ordering something, slapped Sashka on the shoulder and said:“ It’s necessary, Sashok. Understand,
necessary
". And Sashka understood that it was necessary, and did everything that was ordered, as it should. It was necessary in the war.

There is a "must" and "above". Sasha, according to critic Igor Dedkov, does more than necessary.
What do you think?
(The article "Span of the Rzhev Land" - "Literary Review", 1980, No. 5).
5. Independent work (in groups): note the features

story.

1).
The peculiarity of the organization of the narration (inappropriately direct speech, which allows you to see the "Rzhev meat grinder" through the eyes of a simple soldier and at the same time evaluate his character, his everyday heroism.
2).
Composition features:
1.
lack of a single plot; a chain of microplots revealing the character of the protagonist; 18

2.
test by power, love and friendship;
3.
lack of battle tension, extreme situations;
4.
gradual peering into the hero, which determines the slow pace of the narrative;
5.
Sashka's movement from the front line into the depths of the country and the "movement" into the depths of the hero's soul;
6.
the author's desire to tell not only about the war, but also about universal problems.
3).
The meaning of the title of the story (the most common name, given in a reduced everyday form, makes the hero as close as possible to the reader; the meaning of the name (“protector”).
IV. Lesson summary.

Teacher:
V. Astafiev in his novel “Cursed and Killed” says that the cruel force of the war did not extinguish in his heroes “the light of goodness, justice, dignity, respect for one’s neighbor, for what was, is in a person from his mother, from his father, from the native home, from the motherland, Russia, finally, it was mortgaged, transferred, bequeathed.
QUESTION:

Can we say that this also applies to Sasha -

the hero of the story by V. Kondratiev?

Teacher:
“Well, Sashok ... You are a man ...” Lieutenant Volodka will tell Sasha when, on the way to the hospital, he hears from him a story about a captured German. “We are people, not fascists,” Sashka will say simply. Lev Aizerman wrote about V. Kondratiev's story: “In an inhuman, bloody war, a person remains a person, and people remain people. This is important for a writer. This is what the story was written about: about a terrible war and preserved humanity.
V. Summing up.
(A word to the leaders of the groups about the results of the work of students in groups - in preparation for the lesson and in the lesson).
VI. Homework.
Prepare for the lesson

Lesson Objectives: cause children to think about what they read, experiences, emotional response; improve the ability to analyze text.

Lesson equipment: projector, you can ask to bring some family relics from the war to the lesson: letters, documents, photographs, newspapers, things.

Methodical methods: text analysis, conversation.

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Listening to the song "A long time ago there was a war ..."

II. Introductory speech of the teacher

The volleys of the Great Patriotic War have long died down. On May 9, 2015, our country will celebrate the 70th anniversary of the Victory Day. But we will be arguing about this war, opening new pages in the history of this terrible war, getting acquainted with honest and talented books about it for a long time to come.
L.N. Tolstoy admitted that each time he picked up a new book with the same thought about the author: what kind of person are you and what new things can you tell about life?
What is new about the Great Patriotic War Vyacheslav Leonidovich Kondratiev told us in his story "Sasha"?
Vyacheslav Kondratiev prefaces his story like this: “This story is dedicated to all those who fell near Rzhev, the living and the dead.” How autobiographical is it? It probably doesn't matter. The fate of the author is in many respects similar to the fate of his hero, with the fate of his comrades-in-arms. How important is the truth of the fact, documentary in the work? The main thing, as Viktor Nekrasov wrote, was not even “it was like that, but “it couldn’t be wrong.”

III. Conversation with students

How does the story begin and how does the author introduce his character to the reader? (The author immediately introduces the reader into the narrative, without any preliminary words: “By the evening, as the German shot back, it was time for Sasha to stand up for the night post.” He does not name the fighter by his last name, does not name his rank, the hero is just Sasha. The narration is being conducted, it seems on behalf of the author, but at the same time it seems that the hero himself is telling.)
- What does Sasha do at the front? (In the first episode, we see Sasha when he plans to get felt boots from a dead German for his company commander. This is not about ammunition, not about a combat mission - about felt boots, this is vital.)
How is war portrayed? (“And the night floated over the front line, as usual ...)
– The author shows military life: “the first company had neither trenches nor dugouts, they huddled beaten-killed in huts (this is in winter!). Only the company commander had a thin dugout. And with grub it’s tight, and with ammunition ... I don’t have the strength to bury the guys, I don’t ... After all, I can’t dig a trench for myself, alive. The miserable words - "hut", "trench", "dugout" emphasize the precariousness, insecurity of the situation. We learn about the number of personnel of Sasha's company:
“How many people did you have in your company? the captain asked.
- One hundred fifty…
- How much is left?
- Sixteen…"
(In 2 months, out of every ten people, nine died!)
- What events did the author choose from Sashka's front-line life? Why? (“For myself, I wouldn’t climb for anything, these boots would go to waste! But it’s a pity for the company commander. His pims were soaked through with water - and you won’t dry out over the summer ...”)
- The wounded Sasha under fire returns to the company to say goodbye to the guys and return the machine gun. (“But then his PPSh company will not get it ... Yes, it would be necessary to say goodbye to the guys and the company commander ...”)
- Sashka leads the orderlies to a seriously wounded man. (“... he knows, you can’t drag these San-Vzvodov’s men to the front with a lasso. They will return and say that they didn’t find, they say, or that he was already wounded. Who will check them? .. But he gave his word. To the dying - the word!”)

The story of the captured German. (“Sashka saw a lot of deaths during this time - live to be 100 years old, you won’t see so much - but the price of human life has not diminished from this in his mind.”)

The story of Zina(“And again, having gone through everything that he and Zina had that day and evening, recalling again all their conversations and imagining her life here for these months, he came to the conclusion that Zina is beyond the jurisdiction ... Just a war ... And he has no evil on her.")

Sasha rescues Lieutenant Volodka.(“Well, what’s the demand from me, Private Vanka? It’s a pity to waste time on me, when it’s still a marching and limber in a month. And you’re a lieutenant. It’s a different conversation with you - they can demote you, and give them to the tribunal.”)

Episode with Pasha.

“Here, Pasha,” said Sasha. - We met by chance and did not spend a day together, but I will remember you all my life ...
- Stop pouring something! I know you...
- No, really, Pasha. I don't like to lie..."
"It's like I'm leaving home...
- You got it, you mean?
- That's not the point ... A good woman is very warm-hearted. Invited to stay for a week...
- I guessed. What are you?
“There’s no need for this ...” Sasha answered thoughtfully ... "

(These episodes reveal Sasha's personality from different angles, as if he is being tested for endurance, for humanity, for fidelity in friendship, in love, tests of power, unlimited power over another person.)

V. Retelling of the episode "Capturing a German" and analysis of this episode.

Sasha's company ran into German intelligence and began to hastily retreat. The Nazis wanted to cut off their intelligence from ours and began to hastily retreat. The Nazis wanted to cut off their intelligence from ours: mines flew. “But all this was familiar, experienced by them every day, and therefore did not cause much fear.” Sashka broke away from his own, rushed through the fire and then saw a German. Sashka shows desperate courage - he takes the German with his bare hands, he had no cartridges, he gave his disk to the company commander. At the same time, he does not consider himself a hero at all - when asked by the company commander how it happened, he answers: “But the jester knows him. Durik ”The company commander interrogates the German to no avail, then orders Sashka to lead the German to headquarters. On the way, Sashka tells the German that they do not shoot prisoners in our country, and promises him life. The battalion commander, not having obtained any information from the German, orders him to be shot. Sasha disobeys orders.)

VI. Questions

1. Why doesn't Sasha obey the order? How to evaluate this his act?

(It would not have been difficult for Sashka to kill a German in battle (“That’s when they rose from under the hillock - gray, scary, some kind of non-humans - they were enemies”, “Sashka would shoot these arsonists mercilessly if they were caught”). but the German was a prisoner, unarmed, he could not shoot him, because he promised to save his life (“We are not you. We do not shoot prisoners”, “he is not the kind to mock at a prisoner and unarmed”).
Between two soldiers - Russian and German - human relations are established: both wash and clean themselves before coming to headquarters; the German treats Sasha with cigarettes; Sashka addresses the prisoner differently than at first (not “fascist”, but “fritz”, more neutrally, because Fritz is a German name); Sasha already wants to talk to him, ask about life, it's a pity he doesn't know German.
Sashka saw in the prisoner not just an enemy, but another person: “... when he took this Fritz, fought with him, feeling the warmth of his body, the strength of his muscles, he seemed to Sashka an ordinary person, the same soldier as he, only dressed in a different form, only fooled and deceived ... That's why I could talk to him like a human, take cigarettes, smoke together ... ").
Sasha has very strong moral principles: if he gave his word, he must keep it (“Sashka has seen many, many deaths during this time - live to be a hundred years old, you won’t see so much - but the price of human life has not diminished from this in his mind ").
What feelings do the character's actions evoke? (Sashka inspires respect for himself with his kindness, humanity. The war did not cripple his soul, did not debilitate him. A surprisingly great sense of responsibility for everything, even for what he could not answer for. He was ashamed in front of the German for useless defense, for the guys , who were not buried: he tried to lead the prisoner so that he would not see our dead and not buried soldiers, and when they stumbled upon them, Sasha was ashamed, as if he were guilty of something.)
How is a situation with an unfulfilled order resolved? (Sashka takes pity on the German, has no idea how he can violate the data in his mind. ”And it’s also impossible not to follow the order of the battalion commander. Sashka leads the captured German not to be shot, pulling time with all his might, and the author stretches their path, making the reader worry: what is it The battalion commander is approaching, and Sasha does not lower her gaze in front of him, feeling that he is right. "And the captain rejected his eyes," canceled his order. Sasha, on the other hand, feels extraordinary relief, as if for the first time he sees both the "destroyed church" and "the blue forest behind the field, and not too bad blue sky"and thinks:" if he remains alive, then of everything he has not experienced before, this case will be for him the most memorable, the most unforgettable ....")

2. What is the position of Tolik, the liaison battalion commander?

(Tolik's motto: "Our business is calf ... Ordered - fulfilled!"
He tries on the watch of a German who has not yet been killed (“... he grabbed the watch on his hand with a tenacious glance and did not let go”).
I’m ready to bargain with Sasha so as not to miss the “trophy” (“... I would give you a loaf of blackies ... for a watch ... I can buy a pack in addition.”)
The commander, for example, behaves in a completely different way: “the commander took the lighter, struck, lit a cigarette and gave fire to Sasha ... He turned the lighter, examining it, and handed it back to the German.”
He doesn’t have a “barrier, a barrier” in his soul, like Sasha’s, he, without hesitation and without pangs of conscience, would have shot an unarmed one (“... if he doesn’t split - against the wall! ... Why mess around with him? Once he is silent, there he is dear”). Sasha understands that “Tolya loves to boast, but he is a weakling.”
Sasha and Tolik are opposed as responsibility and irresponsibility, sympathy and indifference, honesty and selfishness.)

3. What spiritual qualities of Sashka are shown in this episode?

(Active kindness; effective humanism; firmness of moral principles; attitude to life as the highest value; fear of unlimited power over another person; a great sense of responsibility for everything, even for what he could not answer for).

VII. Work with the episode "Relations between Sasha and Zina"

The war does not kill the human in Sasha, but even exacerbates the thirst to live, to love.

1. What place does Zina take in Sasha's life?

(Sashka saved Zina's life when he covered her with his body during the bombing. This is his first love. He is so looking forward to meeting! But on the front line, he does not allow himself to think about her, because the war, and anything can happen, because front to live for an hour, or even a minute.
On the way to the hospital, when the terrible tension of the front line gradually lets go, when joy floods into his soul that he is alive, Sashka allows himself to think about Zina, a sister from the sanrota. He was worried about how they would meet, because after all, 2 months had passed. And they had nothing, only kissed a few times. But at parting, he realized that he had no one closer and dearer to him, that he was ready to do everything for this girl in an overcoat, if only she would feel good and calm.
And then, on the offensive, he imagined that he was going to defend her, Zina, who promised to wait for him, and it became easier for him.
But, waiting for Zina, he always thinks about his company: she will again tremble in huts, and “she will certainly slap someone today,” “and he is vaguely and kind of ashamed that he is here, and they are there.”
When he finds out about the party, it makes him angry: “What dancing! You lie, Zina! It can’t be!” and “it even shook him.” He says sternly: “You see, it’s impossible ... You can’t have fun when all the fields are in ours!” Even in the rear, he cannot live according to other laws than the laws of the front line.
When meeting with Zina in the evening, Sashka caught that “there is more pity in the caresses of the Zinins ... and she kept saying miserable words: dear, stupid, poor thing ... Maybe out of pity she decided to do everything, and even because she considers herself to be indebted to him for life ".
It seems to him that their love with Zina will be as short as a rocket flash: “It won’t burn for long, it won’t have time to warm up properly and ... it will go out - the war will separate them in different directions.”)

2. Why did Zina go to the party anyway?

(The lieutenant came, persuaded her, because they were sending him to the front line, he wanted to say goodbye to Zina. Zina Sashka said on a walk that the lieutenant liked her, that he was taking care of her in a good way. And Zina seems to like this lieutenant. )

3. How did Sasha react to the fact that she went to the dance?

(When he finds out that Zina is there, dancing with the lieutenant, he is bitter, hurt: “But the fact that Zina is now there, at the evening, hurt, and something nauseating began to come up to his throat. He breathed intermittently, heavily and Hastily, with a disobedient hand, he began to pull on his tunic.
“Something cold, heavy was growing like a lump in my chest, it was coming up to my throat, it was pressing…”
“... it was as if something had burst in Sasha’s head,” when he saw Zina in the window, he was ready to throw a piece of brick into the window opening if someone offended her.
But Zina's words brought him even greater suffering when she said to the lieutenant:
“Don’t, Tolya…” and she took his hands away softly and angrily.
If the earth had risen nearby from the explosion, Sasha would not have been so stunned. And not a word, not an address by name, but this gesture of the deceased, even affectionate, with which she took his hands away, as if she had power against the lieutenant, struck Sasha in the very heart and assured him that they had love ...
As if with a blow under the breath, Sasha was broken and thrown back.

4. How do you assess Sasha's behavior at the end of the second part of the story?

(Sashka behaved in this situation in the highest degree with dignity. Despite the shock, pain, resentment, recalling their meeting, conversations and “imagining her life here over these months, he came to the conclusion that Zina is not condemned ... Just a war ... And there is no him mad at her…”
Sashka understood that they had love, and since love, what right does he have to interfere with it? And Sasha leaves without hurting Zina with unnecessary talk.
The kindness, sensitivity, nobility of the hero prevailed here too. He awakened the ability to respect other people's feelings, to understand and forgive a loved one, not to hurt him. This is true love.

VIII. The story of Lieutenant Volodka ("test of friendship")

(In the episode in the evacuation hospital, a ruddy, well-fed major calms the indignant wounded - they gave only two spoons of porridge. In his hearts, the lieutenant threw a plate at the major, and Sasha shields his friend, who will be brought before the tribunal, and nothing will happen to him, a private, they will not send further advanced .

IX. Problem situation

Teacher:“... the company commander used to, before ordering something, slapped Sashka on the shoulder and said:“ It’s necessary, Sashok. Understand, necessary". And Sashka understood that it was necessary, and did everything that was ordered, as it should. It was necessary in the war.
There is a "must" and "above". Sasha, according to critic Igor Dedkov, does more than necessary. What do you think?
(The article "Span of the Rzhev Land" - "Literary Review", 1980, No. 5).

X. Independent work (in groups): note the features of the story.

1. The peculiarity of the organization of the narration (inappropriately direct speech, which allows you to see the "Rzhev meat grinder" through the eyes of a simple soldier and at the same time evaluate his character, his everyday heroism.
2.Features of the composition:

• lack of a single plot; a chain of microplots revealing the character of the protagonist;
• test by power, love and friendship;
• lack of battle tension, extreme situations;
• gradual peering into the hero, which determines the slow pace of the narrative;
• Sashka's movement from the front line into the depths of the country and the "movement" into the depths of the hero's soul;
• the author's desire to tell not only about the war, but also about universal problems.

The meaning of the title of the story (the most common name, given in a reduced everyday form, makes the hero as close as possible to the reader; the meaning of the name (“protector”).

XI. Final word of the teacher

The character of Sasha is the discovery of Kondratiev. An inquisitive mind and innocence, vitality and active kindness, modesty and self-esteem - all this is combined in the whole character of the hero. Kondratiev discovered the character of a man from the midst of the people, shaped by his time and embodied the best features of this time. "The story of Sasha is the story of a man who found himself in the most difficult time in the most difficult place in the most difficult position - a soldier"

XII. Summarizing

XIII. Homework

Write an essay on the story of Kondratiev "Sasha" according to the following plan:

• My impression of the story "Sasha"
• Is it easy or difficult to have a friend like Sasha?
• What is the main thing in Sasha's character?
• Time and space in the story.

Goals:

• acquaintance with the writer V. Kondratiev; reflections not only about the hero, about the author, but also about oneself;
• picture of unusual approach writer to the image of the war;
• preparation for the disclosure of problems related to the war on the example of Kondratiev's story at the final exam.

Equipment: books about the Great Patriotic War, illustrations, songs about the Great Patriotic War, a video film based on the story "Sashka".

How it was! How did it match-
War, trouble, dream and youth!
And it all sunk into me
And only then I woke up!

David Samoilov.

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Introduction

The epigraph is the key to the human and literary fate of Kondratiev.
The topic of our today's lesson is “I bequeath my life to you” based on the story of our contemporary Vyacheslav Leonidovich Kondratyev, a front-line soldier, an eyewitness, a participant in the military events he describes.
The military topic is one of the traditional ones in the final exam, so the material of today's lesson will be useful to you. For you, today's schoolchildren, the war is a distant history. At home, you had to prepare answers to the questions: “How did the war affect the fate of your family, your loved ones?” The more years pass after the Great Patriotic War, the more we realize the greatness of the people's feat. But we still do not know much about the war, about the true cost of victory. Probably, writers who tell us the real truth help us in this.

Here is what Vasil Bykov, one of those writers who fully know what that war is, said: “In that war, we lacked everything: cars, fuel, shells, rifles ... The only thing we did not regret was of people"

Also, not accepting lies, the slightest inaccuracy in showing the historical science of the past war, its participant, writer Viktor Astafiev, severely assesses what has been done: “... I, as a soldier, have nothing to do with what is written about the war. I was in a completely different war ... The half-truths exhausted us. (Questions of literature. 1988 - No. 7. p. 13.)

If we recall the previously written works: "The Son of the Regiment" by Kataev, "The Tale of a Real Man" by B. Polevoy, "The Russian Character" by Tolstoy - they have something in common: not the tragedy of the war, but its overcoming becomes the main thing in these works.

But the tragic and terrible face of the war is shown in the books of Bykov, Bondarev, Baklanov, Kondratiev and others.

Among the books that can excite, cause deep feelings and thoughts not only about the hero, about the author, but also about yourself, is Kondratiev's story "Sasha". The writer wants to show that a feat can be completely unobtrusive, imperceptible, when at first you don’t think that this is it, this very feat, is.

2. Message about the writer

1st student. Konstantin Simonov was able to say briefly but succinctly about the author of Sasha. We learn that Kondratiev is a graphic designer by profession, and by vocation, Simonov believed, he is a great writer. In 1939, from the first year of university, he joined the army and served in the Far East. As you remember, the hero of the story has the same fate. In December 1941, after numerous reports, he was sent to the front among 50 junior commanders. At the turning point from winter to spring 1942, Kondratiev near Rzhev. We can judge the severity of the battles that the fighters got there by the fact that only the first week he was a platoon commander, a platoon commander, accepted the company of the killed commander, and after replenishment - again a platoon. Then new battles, painful, unsuccessful, such that front-line soldiers recall with bitterness in their throats when they read or listen to Tvardovsky's "I was killed near Rzhev ...".

2nd student reads by heart "I was killed near Rzhev ..." to the music "From the heroes of bygone times"

1st student(continues). Killed - this cup passed the author of "Sashka", he got injured and the medal "For Courage" - for courage near Rzhev. After a vacation due to injury, the front was again, serving in the railway troops, intelligence. At the end of the 43rd year, a severe wound, six months in the hospital, after - limited fitness, disability. “I didn’t reach Berlin, but I did my job in the war,” – this is how Simonov’s story about the military fate of the front-line writer V. Kondratiev ends.
The story "Sasha" was written in 1979. How did it happen that in his middle years Kondratiev suddenly took up a story about the war?

3rd student. The writer admitted: “Apparently, summer has come, maturity has come, and with it a clear understanding that the war is the most important thing that I had in my life.” Memories began to torment me, I even felt the smells of the war, I did not forget, although the 60s were already going on. At night, guys from his native platoon came to his dreams, smoked cigarettes, looked at the sky, waiting for a bomber. He eagerly read military prose, but "in vain he searched and did not find his own war in it," although there was only one war. I realized that “only I can tell about my war. And I have to tell. If I don’t tell you, some page of the war will remain undiscovered.” Kondratiev began to look for his Rzhev brother-soldiers, but he did not find anyone and suddenly thought that maybe he alone had survived. So, all the more he should tell about everything! This is his duty. Maybe the same memories tormented the author of the song "Fellow Soldier Friends"

4th student. And so “I went in the spring of 62 near Rzhev. He stomped 20 kilometers on foot to his very former front line. I saw that tormented Rzhev land, all covered with craters, on which rusty punctured helmets and soldier's bowlers were also lying ... the plumage of unexploded mines still stuck out. I saw - it was the most terrible - the unburied remains of those who fought here, maybe those whom I knew, with whom I drank liquid from the same pot - millet or with whom I huddled in the same hut during mine shelling, and I was pierced: to write about this only the strict truth is possible, otherwise it will be simply immoral.”

The writer revealed to us the truth about the war, which smelled of sweat and blood, although he himself believes that "Sasha" is "only a fraction of what needs to be told about a soldier, a victorious soldier."

Apparently, the battles near Rzhev were terrible, exhausting, with huge human losses. The reasons for this are clear. So, what could be learned about these events from history?

5th student. Zhukov's memoirs contain facts that are hard to believe. Behind each of them - the rate of consumption of ammunition - 1-2 shots per day per gun! Therefore, huge losses. The troops are overworked, weakened. The command asks to stop the offensive, which is impossible in such conditions, to allow them to gain a foothold on the achieved lines. And what? By a directive dated March 20, 1942, the Supreme Commander rejected this request, demanding a vigorous offensive. In late March - early April, the fronts of the Western direction tried to fulfill this order - to defeat the Rzhev-Vyazma grouping of the enemy. We now understand that it was impossible to do so. Zhukov writes that "for obvious reasons, the efforts turned out to be fruitless", and adds that only after that the Stavka was forced to accept the proposal to go over to the defensive along this line.

Rokossovsky also spoke about the terrible severity that befell those who fought in this direction, including near Rzhev: “There were not enough soldiers, machine guns, mortars, artillery, ammunition, tanks in the regiments and divisions ... Paradox: the strongest defends, and the weaker comes. And in our conditions, waist-deep in snow.”

3. Work on the story

- In order to travel back to that time and to that land that we learned about from the memoirs of military leaders, let's turn to task 1 that was given in the previous lesson, but first answer the question: How long has Sasha been fighting? (two months) Two months on the front lines, is that a lot or a little?
(Find Sasha's conversation with the captain about how many people died during this time? p.41).

Conclusion: i.e. out of 150 - 16! So, in two months, out of every 10, nine died. And there were 1-2 Far Eastern fellow soldiers left per company (p. 32). You had your homework “Two months on the front line. Life of war".

On the board: life - a common way of life, everyday life (from the explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov)
(This is very important in order to see what kind of burden an ordinary Russian soldier carried on his shoulders, to see what life is like in a war (from 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 29, 30, 33)).
(“It’s bad with bread. No Navar. Feeling of emptiness in the stomach. No smoke. No ammunition. Dirt, lice. Rusty, blood-swollen earth. Unburied remains of soldiers. Huts, trenches, etc.” And this is day after day Thus, fights do not make up the main part, the main thing is everyday life.)

Conclusions. Why did we turn specifically to the life of war? You are already familiar with "Obelisk", "Sotnikov" by Vasily Bykov, "The Fate of a Man" by Sholokhov. But, most likely, it was very difficult to understand what life in war is. Life, which, of course, includes battles, but which, according to eyewitnesses, does not boil down to battles, moreover, in which battles are not its main part. And most importantly - the incredibly difficult everyday life of the war. So, in the story, according to critic Igor Dedkov, the writer expressed what could be called the deepest ... tragic prosaism of the war.

The skill of the writer is that he was able to show the hard, exhausting, everyday life.

1) Sasha gets boots for the company commander;
2) Sashka captures a German and refuses to shoot him;
3) Sasha under fire returns to the company to say goodbye and return the machine gun;
4) Sasha leads the orderlies to the wounded;
5) Meeting with Zina;
6) Sasha rescues Lieutenant Volodya.

Conclusion: It is in these episodes that Sashka is revealed with special force as a person and as a fighter. The author proves that the inhumanity of the war could not dehumanize Sasha.

What can you say about the character of the hero? What is Sasha?
(He arouses sympathy, respect for himself with his kindness, compassion, humanity. The war did not depersonalize, did not discolor Sasha's character. He is inquisitive and inquisitive).

What did he want to ask the German? (from 32).
This is a person who feels responsible for everything (from 20, hope for himself). As if in support of this, answer the question:
- Why, for example, risking himself, Sashka gets boots for the company?
Succinctly retell this episode, (p. 21)

- The author led his hero through trials of power, love, friendship. Consider how Sasha survived these tests. A very important episode that we will analyze is the story of the prisoner. But first, tell us how Sasha managed to take the “language”.

Conclusions: Sasha shows desperate courage - he takes the German with his bare hands: there are no cartridges, he gave the disk to the company commander. But he does not hesitate, because "so many guys were killed for" language ".
- We will watch the story with the prisoner on video, (excerpt from the film "Sashka")

4. Conversation on the reviewed passage

– If you were careful while watching, you noticed that not everything was conveyed by means of cinema. What was not in the movie? For example, Sashkin's thoughts about power, about being right.
- When did Sasha feel his power over another person? How does he feel about this power? (Read this passage aloud, p. 33).

Conclusions: Sasha is uncomfortable with almost unlimited power over another person. He realized how terrible this power over life and death can become.

- Why did Sashka disobey the order and so defend the life of the prisoner? What was written in the leaflet (p. 31).

Conclusions: Most importantly, why Sashka disobeyed the order - the German at the expense - he explains to the German: “We are not you. We do not shoot prisoners (p. 30) ... Because we are people! And you are fascists! (p. 31, 38-39)
- Read the dialogue between the captain and Sashka (p. 41) about why Sashka cannot fulfill the order: the Germans are at an expense (“Do you feel sorry for this bastard?”).
- Read the mental conversation between Sashka and the German when Sashka goes to fulfill the order, (p. 46)
- Sasha did not follow the order. He has his own point of view on events.
– Compare life principles Sasha and Tolya, (p. 42)
- Whose side are you on? Why? If an ordinary, then it's a calf's business? (student opinions are heard). At any moment you need to remain human.
- Read the passage in which Sasha is convinced that he is right (p. 49 “And with a flash of a second”, “But Sasha did not wilt ...”)
- How can you explain such an attitude of Sashka towards “his” German, because all the fields are in ours, he must avenge this (p. 111. On parole).
Sashka cannot shoot at an unarmed man, he promised him, guided by what was written in the leaflet. He cannot deceive, Sasha’s hatred does not extend to this German, (p. 38 “He understood ...”)
- What, in your opinion, influenced the decision of the battalion commander to cancel the order to shoot the prisoner?
Conclusions: Probably, he understood Sashkin's rightness, realized that he got excited, that they do not look like fascists, who do not stand on ceremony with their prisoners.
(You can ask the guys to remember how the Germans treated our prisoners)

5. Test of love

We will continue talking about Sasha's kindness and sensitivity, his response to good and evil, discussing two other important episodes.

- So, a meeting with Zina, a test of love. What does Zina mean? V Sasha's life? (Student presentation p. 59, 62)

- This is Sasha's first love. He is looking forward to meeting you! And she is driven only by pity: "sweet, dear."

- How Sasha reacted to the upcoming party that Zina is talking about (p. 65)

Conclusion: He understands with his mind, but cannot accept with his soul, because the war, guys die every day. The words "all the fields are in ours" are given in the story in detente. This “all the fields are ours” is one of the main motives of the story. Vyacheslav Kondratiev, unlike many of our writers, avoided poetizing and glorifying war as war. War, even though it is Patriotic, sacred, is death and grief.

- When Sasha finds out about the relationship between Zina and the lieutenant, how does he act? (He's leaving). Does this decision of his contradict your opinion about his character or, on the contrary, confirms the already established idea about him (listening to opinions).

Conclusions: Sashka is going through a difficult night (p. 81). He is sad, it hurts. And yet, in the end, he comes to the conclusion that “Zina is incontestable ... Just war ...” Sashka remains Sasha: justice and kindness prevailed here too. (You can read p. 81 “But Sasha is not up to chatter ...”).

- And what is your opinion, attitude towards Sashka's act, Zina's betrayal?

Conclusions: Sasha does not consider himself entitled to interfere. He thought not of himself, but of her. He cannot do otherwise. Probably, this is true love, which helps to understand and forgive a loved one and does not allow him to be hurt, hurt.

6. Test of friendship

- Let's restore the episodes related to the test of friendship. Tell the story of Sashka's brief front-line friendship with Lieutenant Volodya.

Reasoning about the commander and private (p. 94).

Sashka, judging by his actions, feels responsible for everything that happens in the war.
Especially pay attention to the case in the evacuation hospital (pp. 108-112), when the major comes to calm the disgruntled soldiers: two spoons of millet were given out for dinner. The major answers fair demands and angry questions in a boorish way, and ... a plate thrown by Volodya flew at him. He reasoned that the lieutenant would not get away with it - the tribunal in war time severe, and he, an ordinary, perhaps, will not be severely punished.

- Do you condemn Sasha for this act or justify it?

7. The results of the lesson (Problem issue)

In one of the articles criticized by Dedkov, it is written that “Kondratiev’s heroes, especially Sashka, are attractive because, obeying the categorical “must”, they think and act beyond what is necessary: ​​something indestructible in them makes them do it.” Sasha, according to the critic, does more than necessary.

- Do you think Sasha does everything in excess?

Conclusions: Vyacheslav Kondratiev reveals from the inside what a burden an ordinary Russian soldier carried on his shoulders. It is he and his comrades who are the decisive force of the army. And one more thing: in an inhuman, bloody war, a man remains a man. This is the main thing for a writer. This is what the story is about: terrible war and preserved humanity.

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