In the novel Oblomov, Alexander Goncharov touches on the theme of friendship between people who are completely different in character and views.
A comparative description of the image of Oblomov and Stolz will help the reader figure out whether she is able to change a person for the better.
Childhood and upbringing
Ilya Ilyich Oblomov grew up as a spoiled child. Parents took care of their son too much, did not give him the opportunity to prove himself. Didn't like to study. He believed that science was sent to people as a punishment for sins. As a thirteen-year-old boy, he was placed in a boarding school. He often asked his mother for permission to stay at home, not to go to school. I did not get enough knowledge at the university because of my own laziness.
Andrei Ivanovich Stolz was a smart boy. Knowledge absorbed like a sponge. His father raised him strictly. Mother did not encourage "labor education". When the father sent his son to the university, he did not lead him to the city. I said goodbye at the gate without unnecessary emotions, put on his cap, and pushed him so hard that he knocked him down.
Appearance
Ilya is overweight. His "chubby arms and soft shoulders" gave the appearance of a certain effeminacy. "His complexion was not ruddy or swarthy, he seemed positively pale." There were always some thoughts in gray eyes that quickly disappeared before they could settle in my head.
Andrew thin, he has no cheeks at all, his skin is swarthy. "He was made of bones, nerves and muscles, reminiscent of an English horse." His face had expressive green eyes. From him comes masculinity and health.
Aspirations and prosperity
Ilya Oblomov at thirty-two, he had made absolutely nothing on his own. He left the service because of a stupid mistake he made, sending important documents to the wrong address. He was unable to complete a simple task. Lives in rented apartments. An estate inherited from parents suffers losses and does not bring proper prosperity. Ilya Ilyich knows nothing about financial matters.
He does not try to keep pace and create something in life. Lying on the couch, constantly being in a sleepy state.
Stolz“Served, retired, went about his own business and made a house and money. He is involved in some company that sends goods abroad.” Does not allow mistakes in work. He achieved respect in society and material wealth, thanks to his own efforts. “Constantly on the move: if a society needs to send an agent to England or Belgium, they send him. Should be created new project or disassemble new idea- Choose Stolz.
Love for a woman
Andrew respectful of the opposite sex. In relations with Olga Ilyinskaya, he shows himself to be a true gentleman, able to solve all the worries of his beloved, to please her. He achieved his goal - he married the one he loves.
Ilya always tactful in dealing with women. He loved Olga Ilyinskaya, but he could not overcome his laziness, unwillingness to change. I was afraid of the routine of marriage. He brought his beloved a lot of trouble, she often cried because of his caustic speeches. He married the widow Pshenitsyna, from whom he rented a room. She demanded absolutely nothing from him. Such relationships suited Oblomov.
Attitude to life
Andrey Stoltz, full of health, wishes to live for many more years. Although he is a realist, phrases are often heard from his lips that he wants to "live for two hundred, three hundred years." Adheres to the goal that everything should be carried out on the basis of clearly defined tasks. The dream had no place in his soul.
Ilya Oblomov calls himself "the old caftan". Sometimes he voices thoughts that he would lie down and fall asleep forever. Likes to dream. His imagination often draws fictitious pictures. Especially clearly highlights the images of the future wife and children.
Attachment 1
Oblomov
Volkov
Sudbinsky
Penkin
Stolz
Olga
Non-essential connections
Significant connections
Preview:
Appendix 2
Worksheet #1
Criterion | Oblomov | Stolz |
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Appearance (when presented to the reader) | "... thirty-two years old- three years old, of medium height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness flickered all over his face " | the same age as Oblomov, "thin, he has almost no cheeks at all, ... his complexion is even, swarthy and no blush; although his eyes slightly greenish, but expressive" |
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Origin | from the rich noble family with patriarchal traditions. His parents, like grandfathers, did nothing: serfs worked for them | a native of the bourgeois class (his father left Germany, wandered around Switzerland and settled in Russia, becoming the manager of the estate). Sh. graduates brilliantly from the university, serves with success, retires to study own business; makes a house and money. He is a member of a trading company that sends goods abroad; as an agent of the company, Sh. travels to Belgium, England, throughout Russia. The image of Sh. is built on the basis of the idea of balance, the harmonic correspondence of the physical and spiritual, mind and feelings, suffering and pleasure. Sh.'s ideal is measure and harmony in work, life, rest, love.(or .. from a poor family: the father (a Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, the mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman |
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Upbringing | Parents wanted to give Ilyusha all the blessings “somehow cheaper, with various tricks.” Parents taught him to idleness and peace (they didn’t let him pick up a dropped thing, get dressed, pour water for himself) the stigma of slavery. in the family there was a cult of food, and after eating - a sound sleep | his father gave him the upbringing that he received from his father: he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early, and sent his son who had graduated from the university away from him. his father taught him that the main thing in life is money, rigor and accuracy |
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Oblomov not even released into the street. "What about the servants?" Soon, Ilya himself realized that ordering was calmer and more convenient. A dexterous, mobile child is constantly stopped by parents and a nanny for fear that the boy will “fall, hurt himself” or catch a cold, he was cherished like a hothouse flower. "Seeking manifestations of power turned inward and drooped, withering." | “torn off from the pointer, he ran to ruin bird nests with boys, |
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Education | studied in a small boarding school, located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhlev. Both graduated from Moscow University | ||
From the age of eight, he sat with his father at a geographical map, sorted out the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of peasants, bourgeois and factory workers, and read sacred history with his mother, taught Krylov's fables and disassembled the warehouses of Telemachus |
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Pledged program | Dream. Vegetation and sleep - a passive beginning found consolation in his favorite "conciliatory and soothing" words "maybe", "maybe" and "somehow" and protected himself from misfortunes with them. He was ready to shift the case to anyone, not caring about its outcome and the decency of the chosen person (this is how he trusted the scammers who robbed his estate) | Stolz was afraid to dream, his happiness was in constancy, energy and vigorous activity were an active beginning. |
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Activity | "Ilya Ilich's lying down was neither a necessity, like a sick person or a person who wants to sleep, nor an accident, like someone who is tired, nor a pleasure, like a lazy person: this was his normal state" | "He is constantly on the move: the society needs to send an agent to Belgium or England - they send him; you need to write some project or adapt a new idea to the case - they choose him. Meanwhile, he travels to the world and reads" |
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Outlook on life | "Life: good life!", - says Oblomov, - "What is there to look for? the interests of the mind, the heart? Look, where is the center around which all this revolves: there is none, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are dead, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society! ... Don't they sleep sitting all their lives? Why am I more guilty than them, lying at home and not infecting my head with triplets and jacks? " | Stolz learns life, asks her: "What to do? Where to go next?" And it goes! Without Oblomov... |
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kind, lazy most of all worries about their own peace. For him, happiness is complete peace and good food. he spends his life on the couch wearing a comfortable bathrobe. does nothing, is not interested in anything, loves to withdraw into himself and live in the world of dreams and dreams he created, the amazing childish purity of his soul and introspection, worthy of a philosopher, the embodiment of gentleness and meekness | strong and intelligent, he is in constant activity and does not shun the most menial work. Thanks to his hard work, willpower, patience and enterprise, he became rich and famous person. formed a real "iron" character. But somehow he resembles a car, a robot, a dryish rationalist |
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love test | “Life is poetry. It is free for people to distort it! I was afraid that I was not worthy of love. He needs love not equal, but maternal (such as Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him) | he needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya). I am glad that I met her abroad, I am glad that she listens to him and does not even notice that sometimes she does not understand Olga's sadness |
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"Two faces" Oblomov | |||
Honesty, conscientiousness, kindness, meekness, striving for ideals, daydreaming, "heart of gold" | Infantilism, lack of will, inability to act, apathy, slowness, "Russian laziness" |
Preview:
Annex 3 | ||||||
Worksheet #2 | ||||||
criteria | upbringing | the purpose of life | activities | attitude to a woman | family life | vital position |
Oblomov. | "I'm a gentleman, and I can't do anything." Oblomovka is the ideal of life. Love and kindness of relatives. | "the poetic ideal of life;" the goal was "all life is thought and labor"; Now: "What is my goal? There is none." There is no high goal. | Drawing up a plan for the reorganization of the estate; "volcanic work of an ardent head"; "not used to traffic." | "was not their slave, worshiped from afar"; "recognized her power and rights"; woman mother and never-mistress. | wife, children, kind sit down, chores around the house - this is in dreams; "he has nowhere else to go, nothing to look for, the ideal of his life has come true, although without poetry" - life with Pshenitsyna. | "... the soul is not torn, the mind sleeps peacefully." |
Stolz. | "labor, practical education"; "no one to bless"; possibility Determine your own path in life. | "work is the purpose of life"; Stolz's life Oblomov's point of view: "daily empty shuffle days." There is no high goal. | "He has no extra movements was"; "I went to sit on Oblomov's wide sofa and take away and calm an anxious or tired soul ..." empty fuss, in the end - "as if he lived a second time." | "Life and labor itself is the goal of life, and not a woman"; "he doesn't ho- bodies of impetuous passion, as Oblomov did not want it"; "he dreamed of a mother-creator"; "he was not a slave, he did not experience fiery joys." | "there is silence, impulses subsided"; "everything as dreamed and Oblomov." | We are not titans... we won't go to daring fight with rebellious questions, let us not accept their challenge, bow our heads and Let's humbly go through this difficult time." |
Conclusion. | Antipode. | Double. | Double in pain Shei degree. | Double. | Double. | Double. |
Answer to problem question. | "Stoltz on a high level of his active life turned out to be the same Oblomov ... " (Ya.I. Kuleshov.) |
Preview:
Summary of the lesson-research
"Oblomov and Stolz (based on the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov")"
(2 hours)
Goals:
1. Educational:check and evaluate the completion of homework; analyze the image of Oblomov; analyze the image of Stolz; select criteria for comparing characters; draw conclusions and formulate them in a short written work.
2. Developing: develop the skill of working with a literary text; develop character analysis skills artwork; improve the skill of pair and independent work; improve logic and creative thinking students; create a psychologically comfortable environment in the classroom.
3. Educational:continue to instill a sense of respect for Russian literature of the 19th century; bring up careful attitude to the creative heritage of Russian literature; educate the ability to listen and hear each other.
Work form: lesson-research, conversation, analysis of a literary text.
Teaching methods:heuristic, explanatory and illustrative.
Lesson type: combined.
Literary concepts: main character, character, portrait, speech, interior, Comparative characteristics.
Interdisciplinary connections:history, music.
Equipment: portrait of I.A. Goncharov, illustrations for the novel "Oblomov", projector, screen, handout, presentation in MS.ppt format.
During the classes:
1. Greeting. Goal setting.
Teacher's word: Our today's lesson will be devoted to two characters in the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" is Ilya Ilyich himself and his childhood friend Andrei Stoltz. Let's think together and decide what we have to explore during today's lesson. After all, it is declared as a lesson-research.
Student responses:We must analyze the images of Oblomov and Stolz, select criteria for their comparison, and draw a conclusion.
Teacher's word: Well done! In addition, at the end of our lesson, we will write down the resulting conclusions and try to supplement them on our own as part of a small independent work.
2. Motivation.
Teacher's word: One of the characteristics literary hero are his relationships with other characters, which helps in many ways to understand this hero. We have already dealt with the characterization of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov in previous lessons, casually touching on the image of another character - Andrei Stolz. To continue work on compiling Oblomov's characteristics, we must correlate the names with you actors novel with the philosophical concepts of "relationship", "essential connections", "insignificant connections". ( Attachment 1. ) To do this, first recall what these concepts mean.
Student responses:Relationship - the mutual connection of objects, phenomena, etc. with each other, their dependence on each other.
Significant ties are those ties that are most significant in a relationship between someone or something.
Non-essential connections are those connections that do not play any role in revealing the character's character.
Teacher's word: Next, you will need to determine what connections between the characters in the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov", will be significant, and which are not. We draw a diagram in our notebooks. Work is a pair. When answering, you will need to justify your opinion.
(Students work with the scheme, as a result they come to the conclusion that among the characters presented, only Olga and Andrey have a significant connection with Oblomov, since it was Ilyinskaya and Stolz who could change Oblomov's lifestyle.)
Teacher's word: Do you think Oblomov himself is ready to change his life? Prove it with text.
Students response: Yes, since there is a quote in the text: "Give me your will and mind and lead me wherever you want. Maybe I will follow you ..."
Teacher's word: In the lesson, we must analyze the relationship between Oblomov and Stolz. Let's formulate the problematic questions of the lesson.
Student responses : 1) Why didn't Andrey Stoltz manage to change Ilya Oblomov's lifestyle?
2) Is Andrey Stolz an antipode or a double of Ilya Oblomov?
If students formulate only the first (problem) question, the teacher helps with the formulation of the second question: this research question is more specific and helps to answer the problematic question of the lesson. Students write down the topic and questions of the lesson in their notebooks.
3. Learning new material. Study. Group work.
Teacher's word: To answer the question "Is Andrey Stoltz the antipode or double of Ilya Oblomov?" we need to formulate the criteria by which we will compare or contrast the characters, and give the meaning of the words "antipode" and "double". Let's start with the definition of terms. (Implementation of homework.)
Students' word: Antipode - (Greek antipodes - turned feet to feet). 1. only pl. Inhabitants of two opposite points of the earth, two opposite ends of one of the diameters of the globe (geographic). 2. someone or something. A person of opposite properties, tastes or beliefs (book). He is the perfect antipode of him, or he is the perfect antipode of him.
A double is a person who has a complete resemblance to another (both about a man and a woman).
Teacher's word: Well thank you. Now let's turn to the criteria by which the writer characterizes Stolz and Oblomov, which you were able to highlight while reading the text.
Student responses:Appearance (when they appeared before the reader), origin, upbringing, education, programmed program, outlook on life, characteristics of the author, testing by love.
Teacher's word: It is by these criteria that we will characterize and compare the characters. Plus, I propose to add one more criterion to the table - "Two faces of Oblomov."
4. Work in groups (3 groups).
In accordance with these criteria for comparing heroes, students are given a task for research:
1) for each group, choose 2 criteria for comparing heroes (if the guys cannot do this themselves, then the teacher distributes the tasks himself);
3) find material for comparison according to this criterion (write out quotes);
4) give an answer to the research question "Andrey Stolz - the antipode or double of Ilya Oblomov?";
5) formulate an answer to the problematic question of the lesson "Why did Andrei Stoltz not manage to change the lifestyle of Ilya Oblomov ?;
6) draw up a worksheet.
5. Exchange of information.
After the study, the guys exchange information using worksheets (Appendix 2, Appendix 3.)
6. Summing up.
Teacher's word: We see that Andrey Stolz is a double of Ilya Oblomov by most criteria. This will also be the reason why Andrei could not change the life of Ilya Oblomov.
7. Reflection. Evaluation.
8. Homework.
A written answer to the question "Why did Olga prefer Stolz to Oblom?"
The novel by Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov "Oblomov" rightfully occupies an important place in the luggage of the Russian classical literature nineteenth century. A work that reveals the characters of people living at the same time and in the same society cannot but attract attention, and the biographies of two friends, Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolz, deserve special attention.
Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is an ambiguous and very curious character. He spends his days on his favorite couch, being in eternal half-asleep and some semblance of a state of relaxed apathy. He is not interested in active work, farming, or self-development - his whole life is like a sluggish river flow, measured and unhurried. It can be seen that Ilya Ilyich's parents also encouraged such a way of life - he was brought up in love and tenderness, and sometimes they took care of him too much, which led to the formation of a frankly infantile attitude to life at a conscious age. Dreams, dreams and memories of happy childhood- this is what Oblomov's world consists of.
Oblomov's childhood friend, Andrei Ivanovich Stolz, is the complete opposite of the protagonist of the novel. Stolz is hardworking, and this trait was instilled in him from the very early years life. Andrei Ivanovich's parents, by their own example, showed the hero how important it is to be an economic and active person, so as not to simply live your life in vain. But, in my opinion, there are a number of misconceptions in Stolz's lifestyle - the character literally “lives” with work, his whole life is planned out by the hour and minute, there is no place for surprises and simple human joys that are not overshadowed by the constant oppression of the need to work and keep trite Everything's under control.
Despite the fact that Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolz are completely different, their friendship has lasted for decades. Stolz respects Oblomov for his kindness and honesty, and Oblomov appreciates high moral qualities and decency in a friend. Watching the history of their friendship, you begin to think about how secondary character traits, life guidelines and goals can be, if the main thing lives in the soul of people - kindness, justice, openness and willingness to help and support.
In my opinion, in the novel Oblomov, Goncharov shows readers how important it is to respect and appreciate each other, even if we are talking about completely different people. Neither Stolz nor Oblomov can be called ideal people, but they are able to demonstrate their best qualities and be true friends and it's worth a lot.
Option 2
Goncharov, creating a novel called Oblomov, showed readers two specific types of people. Such different people. And both are inherently unfortunate ... Drawing the images of Oblomov and Stolz, the author captured in them qualities that are different from each other. It cannot be argued that the qualities of any of the presented heroes are negative. No, these are some kind of shortcomings that sometimes you don’t pay attention to. And habits are often too hard to break...
Ilya Oblomov... A true dreamer, a true romantic. Since childhood, he grew carefree. The child did not know what commitment and curiosity were. All his life he was away from fame and luxury. The hero grew up at home, completely unprepared for life's circumstances.
mother in early age her son was too protective of him, because of which Oblomov left the family as a sloppy and inexperienced person. The character loves being in a fantasy world so much that he forgets about reality. That is why his pastime is often in dreams, rarely the hero wanders the streets. Oblomov is not able to work, he is too tender and weak for work. However, the character is notable for the fact that in any situation, his feelings are above all. Not the material in priority, but the spiritual component!
What to say about Stolz? This character is the complete antipode of Oblomov. He dresses brilliantly, is well educated, a hard-working man. Since childhood, he showed curiosity to all the oddities in this world. From an early age, his mother managed to bring art into Stolz's life, to introduce the boy to music and books. The father did not infringe on the freedom of his own child. He knew that if a person is interested, then in no case should this curiosity be ruled out. Otherwise the child will lose all attachment to the world. Therefore, the hero often left home for the night in order to explore new areas and outskirts. He himself was responsible for his own life. He himself took the punishment for his disobedience. Already in early period childhood, the child learned the important qualities of adults. Responsibility, integrity, striving for excellence. That is why Stoltz was known successful person. He has a great job that brings a huge income. His wardrobe is amazing. However, the hero does not care family relationships. It is tied in numbers and calculations. His calling is to work like a machine. But behind this, Stolz has nothing ... Feelings do not come out ...
Comparing the two heroes of Goncharov's novel, it should be noted that Stolz and Oblomov are completely different personalities. If the first is a hard worker, then the other is a real dreamer. For Stolz, it is important to set goals and achieve them. For Oblomov to draw a heavenly life in his head. But, what is noteworthy, Stolz's beloved initially longed to be with Oblomov. Why? The answer is simple: Oblomov had real feelings. Sincere smile, beautiful eyes, childish carelessness. All this was attractive. However, due to the fear of Elijah, the beloved doves could not find each other. But the heroine was not happy with Stolz either. They didn't even have children. Here is the right choice!
Composition by Oblomov and Stolz
One of the topics touched upon by Alexander Goncharov in the novel "Oblomov" is the friendship between absolutely different people and how she is able to change a person in one direction or another.
Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is the son of hereditary nobles. He grew up as a cheerful, cheerful, active boy, but his parents, with their excessive guardianship, made him a lazy, passive, not purposeful, incapable of expressing himself as a person. He was spoiled. I did not strive for knowledge either at the boarding school or at the university. He was always overweight, often complained about his health.
After graduating, he enters the service, where he receives the rank of collegiate secretary. But his career does not add up due to simple stupidity, Ilya sends documents to the wrong address.
At thirty-two, Oblomov just lies on the couch, not trying to find something to do. He is a dreamy homebody. The estate of the parents brings only losses, since Ilya does not want to deal with it, and he is not strong in financial matters either.
In dealing with women, he is always tactful. He was in love with Olga Ilyinskaya, whom he caused a lot of suffering. As a result, he tied the knot with the widow Pshenitsyna, she did not demand anything from him, and this completely suited him.
Andrei Ivanovich Stolz, on the contrary, was brought up in strictness, he was always an inquisitive, intelligent boy. Strived for knowledge. He is quite hardworking and not a bit spoiled. He grew up a strong, brave, self-confident person. Andrei is thin, there are no cheeks at all, his skin is dark. He travels a lot, reads books, loves life as it is. From him comes masculinity and health.
Thanks to his determination and hard work, Stolz becomes a wealthy person. He is respected in society.
In relations with Olga Ilyinskaya, he behaves like a real man and achieves his goal - he marries his beloved woman.
Andrei has always been a realist, so dreams are meaningless for him. There are always clearly defined goals in his head, and he knows exactly how to achieve them.
Oblomov and Stolz since childhood best friends. Whenever possible, they always came to the aid of each other. Andrey helped Ilya in life, domestic problems, and Ilya helped Andrey just with sincere conversations that helped restore peace of mind.
The life of a teenager is very difficult. This is a difficult age in which to expect a lot of problems. They are very hard to deal with alone. Most adults say that the life of a teenager is easy because they live in their parents' house.
Remarque in his work "Three Comrades" described the life and fate of ordinary soldiers and veterans and victims of political repression. Through the images of the characters, the author wanted to show
Nature fascinates with its fantastic landscapes, pleases the human eye, brings a lot of positive emotions. The beauty of nature is unique at any time of the year.
Autumn is known to everyone as a very rainy time. Not everyone likes to come home in soaked through clothes after a short walk.
Literature - 10th grade.
Lesson topic: “Oblomov and Stolz. Comparative characteristics"
(based on the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov")
Lesson objectives: to identify features author's position through a comparison of heroes (Oblomov and Stolz); develop the skills of characterization of literary characters, research skills, logical thinking; educate a thoughtful reader, enrich the speech of students.
Lesson equipment: portrait of I.A. Goncharov, text of I.A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”, (presentation); notebooks for works on literature, illustrations.
Students should know:
The content of the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov";
The main idea of the work;
main images.
Students should be able to:
Correctly answer the questions posed by the teacher;
Summarize and organize educational material;
Improve your writing skills;
Draw conclusions and link them into a monologue statement.
During the classes.
IOrganizational moment.
IIImplementation of d.z. (I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov", The image of Stolz in the novel: family, upbringing, education, portrait features, lifestyle, value orientations (part 2,
chapters 1 - 4. Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov)
IIIMessage about the topic and purpose of the lesson.
IVPreparation for the perception of the work. Lesson plan work.
Good afternoon guys! The study of the novel by I.A. Goncharov makes us talk about the meaning of life, about the purpose of a person ... Pay attention to the topic of the lesson (recording the topic in notebooks).
Work plan:
1. The image of Stolz in the novel: family, upbringing, education, portrait features, lifestyle, value orientations (part 2, chapters 1 - 4)
2. Build and write down a chain of keywords that reveal the character of Stolz, Oblomov (checking homework)
3. Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov:
You need to compare these characters, find out how they are similar and how they differ from each other.
Today we will consider one of the problematic issues of the work:
- Ilya Oblomov and Andrey Stolz ... who are they - twins or antipodes?
Let's define lexical meaning words antipode and double
2. Vocabulary work.
Antipode - (Greek antipodes - turned feet to feet). 1. only pl. Inhabitants of two opposite points of the earth, two opposite ends of one of the diameters of the globe (geographic). 2. someone or something. A person of opposite properties, tastes or beliefs (book). He is his perfect antipode, or he is his perfect antipode.
Double - a person who has a complete resemblance to another (both about a man and a woman).
What is your perception about Oblomov and Stolz?
Teacher: Our acquaintance with Oblomov has already taken place in previous lessons. We found out that our hero is slow, lazy, not focused. Let's give him a more detailed description. (student answers)
(We learn about Stolz in the first part of the novel, before he appears before the readers, that is, in absentia:
In connection with Oblomov's guests, who Ilya Ilyich "does not like", in contrast to his childhood friend Andrei Ivanovich Stolz, whom he "loved sincerely";
In connection with the dreams of the protagonist, where Stolz, who knew and appreciated the best qualities of Ilya Ilyich, was an integral part of the pictures of a happy life on the estate, full of love, poetry, friendly feelings and peace;
Stolz also appears in Oblomov's Dream, fitting into the idyllic, sweet and at the same time mysterious atmosphere of childhood, which shaped the hero.
Teacher: The unexpected appearance of the hero at the end of the first part and chapters 1-2 of the second part tell about Stolz.
3. Frames from the film "A Few Days in the Life of I.I. Oblomov"
(meeting of Oblomov and Stolz).
We see that these two people, they are true friends. But these characters are different, dissimilar. Together with the author, we will use a method of characterizing a hero known in the literature - a comparative characteristic. Before you is a worksheet that contains the criteria for education, the purpose of life, the content of activities, attitudes towards women, their family life and life position. In the conclusion column, we will make entries ourselves when we consider all these criteria, comparing the main characters.
4. Consider all the features of the heroes.
(Student answers: Oblomov and Stolz).
Comparative characteristics
Oblomov
Stolz
Appearance
Origin
Upbringing
Education
Pledged program
Outlook on life
The purpose of life
Friendship
Perception of life
love test
a) Appearance: ( when they are presented to the reader)
- What does I.A. Goncharov draw our attention to when describing the appearance of the characters?
“... about thirty-two or three years old, of medium height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glimmered all over his face”, Oblomov’s peer, “thin, his cheeks are almost completely no, ... the complexion is even, swarthy and no blush; eyes, although a little greenish, but expressive "
b) Origin:
…
…a native of the bourgeois class (his father left Germany, wandered around Switzerland and settled in Russia, becoming the manager of the estate). Sh. brilliantly graduates from the university, serves with success, retires to do his own thing; makes a house and money. He is a member of a trading company that sends goods abroad; as an agent of the company, Sh. travels to Belgium, England, throughout Russia. The image of Sh. is built on the basis of the idea of balance, the harmonic correspondence of the physical and spiritual, mind and feelings, suffering and pleasure. Sh.'s ideal is measure and harmony in work, life, rest, love.(or .. from a poor family: his father (a Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, his mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman. Half Russian, not a nobleman.
c) Education.
- What education did I. Oblomov and A. Stolz receive? Tell about it.
Parents wanted to give Ilyusha all the benefits “somehow cheaper, with various tricks.” Parents taught him to idleness and peace (they didn’t let him pick up a dropped thing, get dressed, pour water for himself) the stigma of slavery. in the family there was a cult of food, and after eating - a sound sleep.
Oblomov was not even allowed outside. "What about the servants?" Soon, Ilya himself realized that ordering was calmer and more convenient. A dexterous, mobile child is constantly stopped by parents and a nanny for fear that the boy will “fall, hurt himself” or catch a cold, he was cherished like a hothouse flower. "Seeking manifestations of power turned inward and drooped, withering." (Oblomov)
His father gave him the upbringing that he received from his father: he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early, and sent his son, who had graduated from the university, away from him. his father taught him that the main thing in life is money, rigor and accuracy ... (Stoltz)
Name the episodes, scenes that clearly illustrate how Stolz's childhood passed, how the process of his upbringing went.
Reading the episode (Farewell of Stolz with his father) by roles.
What impression does this scene make on you?
How can you comment on this?
What did his father teach him? What did A. Stolz feel?
Goncharov creates Stolz, involuntarily starting from Oblomov, as an antipode to the main character; Stolz is different.
His upbringing is labor, practical, he was brought up by life itself (cf .: “If Oblomov’s son disappeared ...”).
A special conversation is required: the attitude of the mother; mother and father; Oblomovka, the prince's castle, as a result of which “bursh did not work”, which replaced the “narrow German gauge” with a “wide road”.
Stolz - Stolz ("proud"). Does he live up to his name?
Worksheet (at the bottom of the column: "Education", indicate the antipode).
d).Education:
…studied in a small boarding school, located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhlev. Both graduated from Moscow University.
From the age of eight, he sat with his father at a geographical map, dismantled the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of the peasants, burghers and factory workers, and read sacred history with his mother, taught Krylov's fables and disassembled the warehouses of Telemachus "
On the basis of upbringing and education, a certain program was laid.
What is it like for Oblomov and Stolz?
d) The embedded program.
Oblomov
Dream. Vegetation and sleep - a passive beginning found consolation in his favorite "conciliatory and soothing" words "maybe", "maybe" and "somehow" and protected himself from misfortunes with them. He was ready to shift the case to anyone, not caring about its outcome and the decency of the chosen person (this is how he trusted the swindlers who robbed his estate).
“Ilya Ilich’s lying down was neither a necessity, like a sick person or a person who wants to sleep, nor an accident, like someone who is tired, nor a pleasure, like a lazy person: this was his normal state.”
What was Stoltz most afraid of?
Justifying their answers with text, students say that dreams, imagination (“optical illusion”, as Stolz said) were his enemies. He controlled his life and had a “real outlook on life” (cf. Oblomov).
Stolz
Stolz was afraid to dream, his happiness was in constancy, energy and stormy activity - active Start
“He is constantly on the move: if the society needs to send an agent to Belgium or England, they send him; you need to write some project or adapt a new idea to the case - choose it. Meanwhile, he travels to the light and reads: when he has time - God knows.
- What does life mean and what is the purpose of a person, according to Stolz?
Students: “To live the four seasons, that is, four ages, without jumps and carry the vessel of life to the last day, without spilling a single drop in vain ...” (compare with Oblomov, whose ideal is ...in peace and enjoyment ; see about Oblomov's dreams in the 8th chapter of the first part).
Teacher: 3-4 chapters of the second part. The role of these chapters in the novel. A conversation is a dispute where the views, positions of the characters collided.
The essence of the dispute - HOW TO LIVE?!
- How does a dispute arise?(Oblomov's dissatisfaction with the empty life of society.)
This is not life!
- When does a dispute occur?(The labor path: Stolz's disagreement with the ideal of a friend, because this is “Oblomovism”; the ideal of the lost paradise, drawn by Oblomov, and labor as “the image, content, element and goal of life.”)
(Physical education minute)
Introduction to the meaning of life.
Stills from the film "A Few Days in the Life of I.I. Oblomov" ( second monologue. Oblomov's confession, p. 166. “Do you know, Andrey…”)
In what context does the conversation take place?
What is I. Oblomov talking about?
How did each of the characters come to light in the dispute?
f) Outlook on life
Oblomov
“Life: life is good!” Oblomov says, “What is there to look for? interests of the mind, heart? Just look where is the center around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are the dead, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society! ... Don't they sleep sitting all their lives? How am I more guilty than them, lying at home and not infecting my head with triples and jacks?
Stolz.
g) Purpose of life
Live life happily; so she doesn't touch. (Oblomov)
“Labor is the image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine.” (Stoltz)
g) Perception of life
Oblomov wants to do what his soul and heart desires, even if the mind is against it; never bother. (Oblomov)
Stolz wants to have a “simple, that is, direct, real outlook on life - that was his constant task ...”, “Above all, he put perseverance in achieving goals ...”, “... he will measure the abyss or wall, and if there is no sure means to overcome, he will leave."
- With which of the characters and at what stage of the dispute are you ready to agree?
- Is there one answer to this question?
(During the argument, the guys come to the conclusion that both principles have the right to exist.)
Teacher: In conversations (disputes), the author often gives the last word to Stolz, but one gets the feeling that he cannot outguess Oblomov. Why? He can't even when he has the last word. Inwardly, we feel, we understand that Stolz cannot break Oblomov's resistance (remember the episode of the night dinner when Stolz gives up and sits down with Oblomov and Zakhar, there are stills from the film.).
Whose philosophy is positive and constructive?
Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov:
Oblomov
Stolz
Peace (apathy)
"...he is constantly on the move..."
Sleep (inactivity)
"the balance of practical aspects with the subtle needs of the spirit"
Dream - "shell, self-deception"
"he was afraid of any dream, ... he wanted to see the ideal of being and the aspirations of a person in a strict understanding and administration of life"
Fear of circumstances
"Attributed the cause of all sufferingyourself"
The aimlessness of existence
“Above all, he put perseverance in achieving goals” (Stoltz)
Labor is a punishment
“Labor is an image, element, content, purpose of life” (Stolz)
Make a conclusion about , at what levels, in what details
- Isn't Stoltz too positive in his views?
Or maybe Oblomov is right: people who are looking for meaning in secular life are dead people, such a life is a useless fuss. Why is he lying on the couch worse?!
Is the poetic perception of Oblomov's life the refinement of the hero's soul, "subtle poetic nature" or a way to hide from reality?
The strength and weakness of the characters of Oblomov and Stolz: a hero and circumstances, a false and positive meaning of existence?
Outcome:
- Whose position do you consider acceptable for yourself?
(Argument. What values (which of the characters) will you take into your life baggage?)
- What were our heroes like in love? Have you passed the test of love or not?
Student responses:
Oblomov and Stolz
Oblomov abandoned love. He chose peace. “Life is poetry. It is free for people to distort it.” He was frightened, he needed love not equal in rights, but maternal (such as Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him).
Stolz he loved not with his heart, but with his mind “he developed a conviction for himself that love, with the power of the Archimedean lever, moves the world; that there is so much universal, irrefutable truth and goodness in it, as there are lies and ugliness in its misunderstanding and abuse. He needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya). I am glad that I met her abroad, I am glad that she listens to him and does not even notice that sometimes she does not understand Olga's sadness.
- How do we see our heroes in friendship and in relation to others?
(Student answers: Oblomov and Stolz)
h) Friendship
- On the basis of all that has been said, we will give a description of Oblomov and Stolz.
Characteristics of heroes:
Oblomov and Stolz
1. Oblomov. A kind, lazy person is most worried about his own peace. For him, happiness is complete peace and good food. He spends his life on the couch without taking off his comfortable dressing gown, does nothing, is not interested in anything, likes to withdraw into himself and live in the world of dreams and dreams he created, the amazing childish purity of his soul and introspection, worthy of a philosopher, the embodiment of gentleness and meekness.
2. Stolz . Strong and intelligent, he is in constant activity and does not shun the most menial work, thanks to his hard work, willpower, patience and enterprise, he became a rich and famous person. A real "iron" character has formed, but in some way it resembles a car, a robot, so clearly programmed, verified and calculated all his life before us is a rather dry rationalist.
The answer to the problematic question: Oblomov and Stolz - twins or antipodes? (student's words).
V Summarizing.
Yes, Goncharov wanted to oppose the inactive Oblomov with the practical and businesslike Stolz, who, in his opinion, was supposed to break the "Oblomovism" and revive the hero. But the novel has a different ending. It is at the end of the work that the attitude of the author to the hero is manifested.
- Let's remember what the heroes of the novel come to?
Oblomov dies, leaving his son.
Pshenitsyna is ready to do everything for the sake of Oblomov and even gives her son to be raised by her brother, considering this a boon for her son.
Olga is very ill (there is not enough Oblomov), there is no love, and without it life is meaningless.
Andrey Stoltz is also devastated, he feels bad without a friend, Oblomov was a “heart of gold” for him.
So, as a result, all the heroes came to the same "Oblomovism"!
Teacher: Guys! Prepare yourself now for further adult independent life. Take energy, intelligence, determination, strength of character, prudence, will into your life luggage from Stolz, but do not forget about the soul, taking kindness, honesty, tenderness, romance from Ilya Oblomov. And remember the words of N.V. Gogol “Take it with you on the road, leaving the soft youthful years into severe, hardening courage, take away all human movements, do not leave them on the road, do not raise them later!
VI . Homework :
Roman I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov":
Individual tasks:
1.. The story about O. Ilyinskaya (ch.5)
2. Development of relations between Oblomov and Olga (Ch. 6-12)
3. The image of Pshenitsyna (part 3), new flat on the Vyborg side near Pshenitsyna.
Ratings
Oblomov and Stolz).
Comparative characteristics
Oblomov
Stolz
Appearance
“... about thirty-two or three years old, of medium height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glimmered all over his face”
the same age as Oblomov, “thin, he has almost no cheeks at all, ... his complexion is even, swarthy and no blush; eyes, although a little greenish, but expressive "
Origin
from a wealthy noble family with patriarchal traditions. his parents, like grandfathers, did nothing: serfs worked for them. A truly Russian man, a nobleman.
…from a poor family: his father (a Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, his mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman
Upbringing
his parents accustomed him to idleness and peace (they did not allow him to pick up a dropped thing, dress, pour water for himself), labor in the block was a punishment, it was believed that it was stigmatized by slavery. in the family there was a cult of food, and after eating - a sound sleep.
his father gave him the upbringing that he received from his father: he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early, and sent his son who had graduated from the university away from him. his father taught him that the main thing in life is money, strictness and accuracy.
Education
…studied in a small boarding school, located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhlev. Both graduated from Moscow University
Pledged program
… Vegetation and sleep are a passive beginning
From the age of eight, he sat with his father at a geographical map, disassembled Herder, Wieland, biblical verses into warehouses and summed up the illiterate accounts of peasants, bourgeois and factory workers, and read sacred history with his mother, taught Krylov's fables and disassembled Telemak in warehouses.
… energy and vigorous activity are the active principle.
Outlook on life
“Life: life is good!” Oblomov says, “What is there to look for? interests of the mind, heart? Just look where is the center around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are the dead, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society! ... Don't they sleep sitting all their lives? How am I more guilty than them, lying at home and not infecting my head with triples and jacks?
Stolz learns life, asks her: “What to do? Where to go next? » And goes! Without Oblomov...
The purpose of life
Live life happily; so she doesn't touch.
“Labor is the image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine.”
Friendship
There are acquaintances, but there is not a single true friend, except for Stolz.
Stolz always and everywhere had a lot of friends - people were drawn to him. But he felt closeness only to people-personalities, sincere and decent.
Perception of life
Fluctuating - from “a pleasant gift for enjoyment” to “sticks like bullies: it will pinch on the sly, then it will suddenly swoop right from the forehead and sprinkle sand ... there is no urine!”
Oblomov wants to do what his soul and heart desires, even if the mind is against it; never bother.
Life is happiness in work; life without work is not life; “…“life touches!” "And thank God!" Stoltz said.
Stoltz wants to have a “simple, that is, direct, real outlook on life - that was his constant task ...”, “Above all, he put perseverance in achieving goals ...”, “... he will measure the abyss or wall, and if there is no sure means to overcome, he will leave."
love test
he needs love, not equal in rights, but maternal (such as Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him)
he needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya)
Comparative characteristics
Oblomov
Stolz
Appearance
Origin
Upbringing
Education
Pledged program
Outlook on life
The purpose of life
Friendship
Perception of life
love test
In I. A. Goncharov’s novel Oblomov, one of the main techniques for revealing images is the antithesis technique. With the help of opposition, the image of the Russian master Ilya Ilyich Oblomov and the image of the practical German Andrey Stolz are compared. Thus, Goncharov shows what are the similarities and what are the differences between these heroes of the novel.
Ilya Ilyich Oblomov- a typical representative of the Russian nobility of the XIX century. His social position can be briefly described as follows: "Oblomov, a nobleman by birth, collegiate secretary by rank, has been living in St. Petersburg for the twelfth year." By nature, Oblomov is a gentle and calm person, trying not to disturb his usual way of life. “His movements, when he was even alarmed, were also restrained by softness and laziness, not devoid of a kind of grace.” Oblomov spends whole days at home, lying on his sofa and thinking about the necessary transformations in his Oblomovka estate. At the same time, any definite idea was often absent from his face. “The thought walked like a free bird across the face, fluttered in the eyes, sat on half-open lips, hid in the folds of the forehead, then completely disappeared, and then an even light of carelessness glimmered all over the face.” Even at home, “he was lost in the tide of everyday worries and kept lying, tossing and turning from side to side.” Oblomov eschews secular society and generally tries not to go out into the street. His serene state is violated only by visitors who come to Oblomov only for selfish purposes. Tarantiev, for example, simply robs Oblomov, constantly borrowing money from him and not returning it. Oblomov turns out to be a victim of his visitors, not understanding the real purpose of their visits. Oblomov is so far from real life that light for him represents eternal vanity without any purpose. “No sincere laughter, no glimmer of sympathy… what kind of life is this?” - Oblomov exclaims, considering communication with secular society an empty pastime. But suddenly the calm and measured life of Ilya Ilyich is interrupted. What happened? His friend of youth, Stolz, arrives, with whom Oblomov pins hopes for improving his situation.
“Stolz is the same age as Oblomov: and he is already over thirty years old. He served, retired, went about his business and actually made a house and money.” The son of a burgher, Stolz can be considered an antipode to the idle Russian gentleman of the 19th century, Oblomov. From the early childhood he was brought up in harsh conditions, gradually getting used to the difficulties and hardships of life. His father is German, his mother is Russian, but Stolz inherited practically nothing from her. His father was completely involved in his upbringing, so the son grew up just as practical and purposeful. “He is all made up of bones, muscles and nerves, like a blooded English horse.” Unlike Oblomov, Stolz "was afraid of any dream", "the mysterious, the mysterious had no place in his soul." If Oblomov’s normal state can be called lying down, then Stolz’s is movement. Stolz's main task was "a simple, that is, a direct, real view of life." But what then connects Oblomov and Stolz? Childhood and school - that's what connected people so different in character and in their views for the rest of their lives. However, in his youth, Oblomov was just as active and passionate about knowledge as Stolz. They spent long hours together reading books and studying various sciences. But upbringing and gentle character still played a role, and Oblomov soon moves away from Stolz. Subsequently, Stolz tries to bring his friend back to life, but his attempts are futile: Oblomovism has swallowed up Oblomov.
Thus, the reception of antithesis is one of the main techniques in the novel by I. A. Goncharov “Oblomov”. With the help of antithesis, Goncharov compares not only the images of Oblomov and Stolz, he also compares the objects surrounding them and reality. Using the technique of antithesis, Goncharov continues the tradition of many Russian writers. For example, N. A. Ostrovsky in his work “Thunderstorm” contrasts Kabanikh and Katerina. If for Kabanikhi “Domostroy” serves as the ideal of life, then for Katerina love, honesty and mutual understanding are above all. A, S. Griboyedov in the immortal work “Woe from Wit”, using the antithesis technique, compares Chatsky and Famusov.
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