It is generally recognized that the 20th century in the history of Russia is a bloody era that brought many terrible trials to the country and its people. One of them was the "Soviet regime", which led to the mass emigration of a huge number of talented people. However, you can go to another country and change citizenship, but nostalgia will still bring you back to your roots. Confirmation of this can be found in the work of many Russian writers, including the works of AI Solzhenitsyn.
“In the summer of 1956, from the dusty hot desert, I returned at random - just to Russia ... I wanted to get lost and get lost in the very interior of Russia - if there was such a place, I lived,” - this is how the writer’s story “Matrenin Dvor” begins.
It tells about the return of the hero, but not to "his own" - relatives or people who are close in spirit, culture, beliefs. This is the return of a person who went through Stalin's prisons and camps, a return to a society depersonalized and corrupted by social violence and lies. This is a futile attempt to find true Russia, to find lost values, moral support.
Together with Ignatich, we roam from one village to another in search of work, peace and home. In the process of these searches, the Russian hinterland appears before us, all its ins and outs. Initially, luck smiles at the hero, and he ends up in the place High Field, "where it would not be a shame to live and die." But this luck turns out to be illusory: “Alas, no bread was baked there. They didn't sell anything edible. The whole village dragged food in bags from the regional city.
The writer, with journalistic frankness, contrasts the High Field, which is entirely dependent on the city, with the "prosperous" regional center. And in this parallel one can guess the opposition of pre-revolutionary Russia and Russia of the Soviet, monarchical country and the "country of Soviets".
Symbol old Russia the Russian forest appears in the story. The roar of its trees, the rustle of branches is close to the narrator’s heart: “On a hillock between spoons, and then other hillocks, completely surrounded by forest, with a pond and a dam, High Field was the very place where it would not be a shame to live and die. There I sat for a long time in a grove on a stump…” The personification of Soviet Russia is the railway. That is why, at the beginning of the story, the hero dreams of “living forever somewhere away from railway". The heroine of Matryona’s story is also afraid of the railway: “How can I go to Cherust, the train will crawl out from Nechaevka, its hefty eyes will pop out, the rails are buzzing - it throws me into the heat, my knees are shaking. By God, it's true!"
Fatal inevitability leads Ignatich to the village of Torfoprodukt (“Ah, Turgenev did not know that it was possible to compose such a thing in Russian!”). This settlement is here a symbol of Soviet reality. “Dense, impenetrable forests used to stand in this place and stood up to the revolution. Then they were cut down - peat miners and the neighboring collective farm "- in these lines, the rejection of the Soviet present, which violated the centuries-old historical order, openly sounds.
In the image of the village Peat product is embodied new type civilization, which was formed as a result of the destruction of the patriarchal system. The first feature of this form of life is the lack of integrity, harmony. In this sense, the image of the house is very indicative, from which the human type of space leaves, and it turns out to be suitable only for public life (the walls do not reach the ceiling). The disappearance of the living soul of the people is expressed both in the fact that live singing is being replaced here by dances to the radiogram, and in the fact that traditional morality is being replaced by anarchic self-will (drunkenness and brawls in the village).
In the end, the narrator settles in Talnovo, where Russian is also placed in conditions of rigid dependence on Soviet. In order to secure a miserable pension for herself, the heroine of the story, Matryona, is forced to wander around various Soviet institutions, because "... social security from Talnovo was twenty kilometers to the east, the village council was ten kilometers to the west, and the village council was to the north, an hour's walk." The church - the place of spiritual communion of the heroine - is also located five miles from the village.
Ignatich's shelter becomes a house "with four windows hardly on the cold, non-red side" - Matrena's dwelling. But not Talnovo geographical feature warmed up Ignatich, and matrenin yard- symbol real Russia. Matryona is depicted in the story as a righteous man, who from time immemorial has kept our homeland in the days of trials, a righteous man, without whom "the village does not stand." Here it is, the original peasant hut Russia, thrown into the fire of the tragic trials of the century!
The author notes the originality of Matrona's speech, which also indicates her belonging to the "real" Russia: "I was struck by her speech. She did not speak, but sang touchingly: “Drink, drink with a desired soul. Are you a visitor?”; “Only it’s not so comfortable in her place, she lives in the wilderness, she gets sick”; “If you don’t know how, don’t cook - how will you lose?”
Solzhenitsyn's Matryona is the embodiment of the ideal of the Russian peasant woman. Her appearance is like an icon, her life is the life of a saint. Her house is through symbolic image story - like the ark of the biblical righteous Noah, in which he escapes from the "Soviet flood".
Matryona is righteous. But the villagers do not know about her hidden holiness, they consider the woman stupid, unable to live, too simple, although it is she who keeps the highest features of Russian spirituality.
The life of a saint must end with a happy death, uniting her with God. The actual death of Matrena symbolizes the death of post-revolutionary Russia, the cause of which lies in the "Soviet" train, which inspires panic in the heroine of the story. No wonder she dies from two coupled iron locomotives that smash the wooden Matrenin yard, makeshift sledges and herself.
Thus, Solzhenitsyn's story "Matryona's Dvor" depicts a Russian village in the 1950s. The writer portrays it as something that is losing its past and moving further and further away from its origins. Salvation Solzhenitsyn sees only in one thing - in those righteous people who remained in Russian villages, in those truly Russian characters who were able to survive all the trials and are able to save the country.

Annotation. In this research work, the story of A.I. Solzhenitsyn "Matrenin Dvor". The article shows what the Russian village was like in the image of the author himself. The writer touches upon the theme of the peasantry and its way of life, which the researchers of this work drew attention to.

abstract. In this research work the story by A.I. Solzhenitsyn "Matryona's place" will be analyzed. In article it is shown what was the Russian village in the image of the author. The writer touches upon a subject of the peasantry and it is life what researchers of this work paid attention to.

Keywords. A.I. Solzhenitsyn, Matrenin yard, village, life, story, way of life, choice, character.

keywords. A.I. Solzhenitsyn, Matryona's place, village, life, story, life, choice, character.

Quite a few pages in the work of A.I. Solzhenitsyn tell about the history of Russia, the peasantry, and the Russian land. In the small genre, the writer tries to convey all his attitudes and knowledge of life.

The year 1956 is a time of liberation from violence and the tyranny of power for many people. It is generally recognized that the twentieth century became a bloody era for the history of Russia, which brought a lot of trials and suffering to the country and its people.

Man is the one on whom everything is focused, he carries a heavy load, under which the back bends. The life customs and living conditions of the people are quite well shown in the works of A.I. Solzhenitsyn. The story "Matryona Dvor", which describes injustice, poverty and pain, depicts a Russian village in the 50s of the last century.

It should be noted that almost all the works of the writer are saturated with the pain and suffering of people. Reading his stories to remain indifferent is simply impossible.

"Matryona Dvor" - was written by A.I. Solzhenitsyn in 1959. Considering the content-formal level of the work under study, we emphasize that the story begins with how a certain mathematics teacher tries to settle in the village. Having traveled several times, he fell in love with the village of Talnovo, in which Matryona lived, a lonely woman of about sixty, who, due to illness, was released from work on a collective farm. The village in which the heroine lived was not distinguished by wealth, but on the contrary, it was swallowed up by poverty.

The works show a typical village of that time. The author describes not only the material, but also the spiritual impoverishment of people. Matrona's house did not glow with cleanliness and was not well built. The author described Matrenin's shelter in detail, thus showing the poverty of the Russian peasantry. The writer is not only interested in the life of the people, this topic is connected for him with the idea of ​​heredity, with loyalty to traditions, as well as with moral problems. There is no harmony in this village, there is only envy, irresponsibility, stinginess, self-interest and deceit. According to A.I. Solzhenitsyn, collective farm life destroyed the village, people did not want to work for the collective farm, so they were forced to steal peat in order to earn a living. The only Matrena lives conscientiously among this warped world, but few people appreciate and respect the heroine among her fellow villagers. After the death of her six children, one by one, the village decided that there was corruption in it.

What was happening in the village was the result of a mass spiritual disease experienced by people. Matryona went through all the hardships of life. During the First World War, her fiancé, Thaddeus, went missing, he returned three years later, when Matryona was already married to his brother Yefim. The children died, the husband did not return from the second world. The woman has hard and unpaid work on the collective farm, hopeless poverty, loneliness and hunger.

Thus, Matryona is the embodiment of the author's ideal. A woman who spent her whole life in labor saw neither kindness nor warmth in her life. In this life, she was lonely, the people around her are deforming moral concepts: goodness - wealth. Greed takes over people. Matrena lives on the money she earns with her own hands, without begging for anything from either the authorities or the people. Even during the life of Matryona, her relatives begin to share the house. The dilapidated room is being transported on a tractor. The tractor gets stuck and gets hit by an express train. It is because of this that Matryona and two other people die. Greed takes possession of people, even Thaddeus at the funeral worries not about her death, but about logs. For him more expensive wealth than human life.

This is the environment in which these people live, the situation itself brings them to theft, stinginess and loss moral values. People deteriorate and become violent. But Matryona retained her humanity, not by chance, the author so well conveyed to us a purely Russian character main character works, her kindness and sympathy for all living things.

Where does it have so much warmth and humanism? We think that she draws strength from nature. The wretched life of Matryona did not make her soul and heart callous. The whole tragedy lies in all the absurdity and cruelty of the structure of society. We observe in the story how poverty brings a person to bestial deeds. In addition to our heroine Matryona, who has a purely Russian character, a person with a disinterested soul, an absolutely unrequited, humble, honest, fair righteous woman, according to the author himself.

The idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe work is that the author wanted to emphasize the idea that it is on the common people that any state rests, therefore people must not be forgotten, a person must be enlightened and taught goodness and truth from an early age. Only then will a spiritually rich person grow out of him. The most commonly used trope by a writer is the allegory.

Only after the death of Matryona does the narrator understand her true character and the meaning of her existence. “We all lived next to her and did not understand that she is the same righteous man, without whom, according to the proverb, the village does not stand. Neither city. Not all our land."

Undoubtedly, Matryona is a righteous woman not by faith, but by way of life. According to A.I. Solzhenitsyn, it is precisely on such people that society is held together, it is in such people that the essence of national character. It should be noted that the village prose of the writer began with the story "Matryona Dvor". The writer portrays the heroine as something that is losing its past and moving further and further from its origins. A.I. Solzhenitsyn sees salvation in only one thing - in those righteous people who remained in Russian villages, in those truly national characters who were able to survive all the trials and are able to save the country.

The death of the heroine is the death of the moral foundations of the village, which Matryona supported with her life. She was the only one in that village who lived in her own world, arranged her life with work, honesty, kindness and patience, she was able to save her soul and inner freedom. Despite the tragedy of events, very warm, bright, piercing notes sound in the story. The writer sets the reader up for good feelings and serious reflections. Through the dullness of life, hope for something “bright” breaks through, and this is embodied in the heroine of Matryona herself. Consequently, the story is permeated with the pathos of heroism and tragedy.

Thus, we came to the conclusion that almost all the works of A.I. Solzhenitsyn help to fight for peace and the good of mankind. They teach us to be kinder and more patient with each other. The author showed on the example of one individually taken fate of a person how a moral choice can change a person's life, and this choice depends on him. For our contemporaries, the works of A.I. Solzhenitsyn have not only cognitive, but also educational value. They help the reader to cultivate feelings of patriotism and love for the little one, without which there can be no great homeland.

In conclusion, we note that the positive heroine of A.I. Solzhenitsyn - Matryona - is a simple and outwardly inconspicuous woman, but it is she who is righteous without whom, according to the proverb cited by the storyteller teacher, “neither the village nor the city is worth it.” The whole country rests on the hard work of people like her.

A.I. Solzhenitsyn managed to create and convey to readers the image of a hero who embodies an incredibly moral and spiritual strength. Such was the main character of the story Matryona.

Bibliography:

1. Solzhenitsyn A.I. Matrenin yard // Stories. M., 1990. S. 112-146
2. Solzhenitsyn A.I. Matrenin yard// Collected works. T.Z. Vermont-Paris, 1997, pp. 7 - 122.

The writing

The name of Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn was forbidden a few years ago, but now we have the opportunity to admire his works, in which he demonstrates exceptional skill in depicting human characters, in observing the fate of people and understanding them. All this is revealed especially vividly in the story Matrenin Dvor. From the first lines of the story, the reader will learn about the seemingly completely inconspicuous and ordinary post-war life of the Russian village. But Solzhenitsyn was one of the first to define in Russian literature of the second half of the twentieth century a range of topics and problems of rural prose, which had not been raised or hushed up before. And in this sense, the story Matrenin Dvor occupies a very special place in Russian literature.

In this story, the author touches upon such topics as the moral and spiritual life of the people, the relationship between power and man, the struggle for survival, the opposition of the individual to society. The writer focuses on the fate of a simple village woman, Matrena Vasilievna, who worked all her life at the state farm, but not for money, but for sticks. She got married before the revolution and from the very first day family life took up household chores. The story Matrenin Dvor begins with the fact that the narrator, a former Soviet prisoner Ignatich, returns to Russia from the steppes of Kazakhstan and settles in Matryona's house. His story, calm and saturated with all sorts of details and details, gives everything described a special life depth and authenticity: In the summer of 1956, from a dusty hot desert, I simply returned at random to Russia.

Matrena Vasilievna is a lonely woman who lost her husband at the front and buried six children. She lived alone in a big old house. Everything was built long ago and soundly, for a large family, and now there lived a lonely woman of about sixty. Topic home, the hearth in this work of Solzhenitsyn is stated very sharply and definitely.

Despite all the hardships and hardships, Matryona has not lost the ability to respond to someone else's misfortune. The heroine is the keeper of the hearth, but this sole mission of hers acquires true scale and philosophical depth under Solzhenitsyn's pen. In the simple life of Matrena Vasilievna Grigorieva, that same unostentatious righteousness shines through, without which Russia cannot be reborn.

She suffered a lot from the Soviet regime, worked tirelessly all her life, but she never received anything for her work. And only love and the habit of constant work saved this woman from everyday longing and despair. I noticed that she had a sure way to regain her good mood work. Immediately she either grabbed a shovel and dug potatoes. Or with a bag under her arm, she went for peat. And then with a wicker body for berries in a distant forest. And she bowed not to the office tables, but to the forest bushes, and having broken her back with a burden, Matryona returned to the hut already enlightened, pleased with everything, with her kind smile.

Without accumulating wealth and without having acquired any good, Matrena Grigorieva managed to preserve for those around her a sociable disposition and a heart capable of compassion. She was a rare person with immense good soul, has not lost the ability to respond to someone else's misfortune. So, not a single plowing could do without it. Together with other women, she harnessed herself to the plow and dragged it on herself. Matryona could not refuse her help to any relative, even if she herself had urgent business. The absence of any self-interest and the desire to preserve her property leads to the fact that Matryona resignedly gives Kira and her husband the upper room, cut off from the old house.

It was not a pity for the chamber itself, which stood idle, as Matryona never spared any labor or goodness of her own. And the chamber was bequeathed to Kira anyway. But it was terrible for her to start breaking the roof under which she had lived for forty years ... But for Matryona, this was the end of her life. In the second part of the story, the reader learns about Matrena Vasilievna's youth. From a young age, fate did not spoil the heroine: without waiting for her only love, Thaddeus, she married his younger brother, and when her beloved returned, he uttered terrible words that Matryona remembered for the rest of her life: ... if not for my brother, I would killed both of you.

Image righteous woman Matryona in the story is opposed by Thaddeus. In his words about the marriage of Matryona with his brother, fierce hatred is felt. The return of Thaddeus reminded Matryona of their wonderful past. In Thaddeus, nothing faltered after the misfortune with Matryona, he even looked at her dead body with some indifference. The train crash, under which both the room and the people who transported it, was predetermined by the petty desire of Thaddeus and his relatives to save on small things, not to drive the tractor twice, but to get by with one flight.

I saw little good in life, there were more losses and suffering: I gave birth and buried six children, my husband did not return from the last war ... The whole village decided that Matryona was damaged. But a person is so arranged that he cannot only suffer and suffer all the time. Finds bright sides life and Matryona. They gave me a pension, albeit a small one, but permanent. The tenant pays, but they add from the school. Matrona would live in peace even in her old age. Yes, that was not the fate.

The husband's relatives prevailed, they demand to give the upper room to the young people to set up a household. Matryona does not feel sorry for property, as she never spared for others, but it’s scary to break the roof under which she lived for forty years. It was not in vain that vague forebodings crowded in the soul of the heroine. Somehow life collapsed along with the upper room. The hostess walked these days as if lost. And with the upper room they did everything in Russian, tyap-blunder, just to take them away. Human greed led to tragedy. It's always like this: one builds on top of the other. Thaddeus was greedy to give a good forest on a sleigh, the tractor driver wanted to take everything away in one trip ... and people died. No Matryona. A loved one was killed, the author notes sadly.

Living under the same roof with this woman, he did not think what a wonderful person she was. Only now I began to realize that I was hardworking, cordial and somehow especially disinterested. Her neighbors condemn, not realizing that it is not Matryona's shortcomings, but her virtues.

The author frankly admires the heroine's language, which includes dialect words. A duel, she says of the strong wind. Portion calls spoilage. This woman has kept a bright soul, a sympathetic heart, but who will appreciate her. Unless the pupil Kira is a guest, and most of them are unaware that a righteous woman lived among them, a beautiful soul! Reading Solzhenitsyn's story, you involuntarily think that his heroine is akin to Nekrasov's hardworking and persistent women, on whom the world has always rested.

Other writings on this work

"Get lost in the interior of Russia." (According to the story of A. I. Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor".) “A village does not stand without a righteous man” (the image of Matryona in A. I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryona Dvor”) "There is no village without a righteous man" (according to the story "Matryona Dvor") Analysis of the story by A.I. Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor" The image of the village in the story "Matryona Dvor" (according to the story of A.I. Solzhenitsyn) The image of the Russian national character in Solzhenitsyn's work "Matrenin Dvor" What artistic means does the author use to create the image of Matryona? (Based on Solzhenitsyn's story "Matrenin Dvor"). Comprehensive analysis of the work of A. Solzhenitsyn "Matrenin Dvor". Peasant theme in A. Solzhenitsyn's story "Matryona's yard" The land is not worth without a righteous man (According to the story of A. I. Solzhenitsyn "Matryona Dvor") The land is not worth without a righteous person (according to A. Solzhenitsyn's story "Matryona Dvor") Moral problems in A. I. Solzhenitsyn's story "Matrenin Dvor" The Image of a Righteous Man in A. I. Solzhenitsyn's Story "Matrenin Dvor" The problem of moral choice in one of the works of A. I. Solzhenitsyn (“Matrenin Dvor”). The problem of moral choice in the story of A.I. Solzhenitsyn "Matrenin Dvor" The problems of Solzhenitsyn's works Review of A. Solzhenitsyn's story "Matrenin Dvor" Russian village in the image of A.I. Solzhenitsyn. (According to the story "Matryona Dvor".) Russian village depicted by Solzhenitsyn The meaning of the title of the story by A. I. Solzhenitsyn "Matrenin Dvor" Composition based on the story of A.I. Solzhenitsyn "Matrenin Dvor" The fate of the main character in the story of A. I. Solzhenitsyn "Matryona Dvor" The fate of a man (according to the stories of M. A. Sholokhov “The Fate of a Man” and A. I. Solzhenitsyn “Matryona Dvor”) The fate of the Russian village in the literature of the 1950s-1980s (V. Rasputin "Farewell to Matera", A. Solzhenitsyn "Matryona Dvor") The theme of righteousness in A. Solzhenitsyn's story "Matrenin Dvor" The theme of the destruction of the house (according to the story of A. I. Solzhenitsyn "Matrenin Dvor") The theme of the Motherland in the story of I. A. Bunin "Dry Valley" and the story of A. I. Solzhenitsyn. "Matryona Yard" Folklore and Christian motifs in A. I. Solzhenitsyn's story "Matryona's Dvor" The history of the creation of the story "Matrenin Dvor" Matrenin Dvor by Solzhenitsyn. The problem of loneliness among people A brief plot of A. Solzhenitsyn's story "Matrenin Dvor" The ideological and thematic content of the story "Matrenin Dvor" The meaning of the title of the story "Matrenin Dvor" Review of Alexander Solzhenitsyn's short story "Matrenin Dvor" The idea of ​​a national character in A. I. Solzhenitsyn's story "Matrenin Dvor" The plot of the story "Farewell to Matera" The image of the main character in the story of A.I. Solzhenitsyn "Matrenin Dvor" 2 Comprehensive analysis of the work "Matrenin Dvor" by A.I. Solzhenitsyn 2 Characteristics of the work "Matryona Dvor" by Solzhenitsyn A.I. "Matrenin Dvor" by A. I. Solzhenitsyn. The image of the righteous. The Life Basis of the Parable There is no Russia without the righteous What is the righteousness of Matryona and why was it not appreciated and noticed by others? (according to the story of A. I. Solzhenitsyn "Matrenin Dvor") Man in a totalitarian state The image of a Russian woman in A. Solzhenitsyn's story "Matrenin Dvor" Artistic features of the story "Matryona Dvor" Review of the work of Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn "Matrenin Dvor" The image of a Russian woman in A. Solzhenitsyn's story "Matryona's yard" 1 Peasant theme in Alexander Solzhenitsyn's story "Matryona's Dvor" What is the essence of Matrona's righteousness in A. I. Solzhenitsyn's story "Matryona's Dvor" From Gorky to Solzhenitsyn The life of a righteous woman (according to the story of A. I. Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor") Moral problems of A. I. Solzhenitsyn's story "Matrenin Dvor" The harsh truth in the story "Matryona Dvor" Get lost in the interior of Russia Review of the story by A.I. Solzhenitsyn

Many pages in Solzhenitsyn's work tell about the history of Russia. This topic is not randomly chosen by the author. In it, he tries to convey all his knowledge and experiences of that time. 1956 is a time of violence and despotism. The people carry a heavy burden under which the back bends. The vital customs and living conditions of the people will be shown in his works. True, the bitter truth of life will not be hidden in Solzhenitsyn's stories. The writer's works are saturated with pain and suffering of people. Reading his stories, it is impossible to remain indifferent. An example is Solzhenitsyn's famous story "Matryona's Dvor", where poverty, pain and injustice will also be described.

This story begins with a math teacher trying to settle in a village. Having traveled to several villages, he liked the one where Matryona lived, a woman of sixty. This place was similar to many places of that time. It did not differ in wealth, but on the contrary, it was absorbed by poverty.

Matryona's house did not glow with cleanliness and was not well-made: "Matryona's house stood right there * nearby, with four windows in a row on the cold, non-red side," covered with wood chips, on two slopes and with an attic window decorated under a tower. The house is not low - eighteen crowns. However, the wood chips rotted, the logs of the log house and the gate, once mighty, turned gray from old age, and their top was thinned out. The author described Matrenin's house in detail, thus showing the poverty of the Russian peasant.

“The spacious hut, and especially the best window-side part of it, was lined with stools and benches - pots and tubs with ficuses. They filled the loneliness of the hostess with a silent but lively crowd. They grew freely, taking away the poor light of the northern side. In the rest of the light, and besides, behind the chimney, the roundish face of the hostess seemed to me yellow and sick. And in her cloudy eyes one could see that the disease had exhausted her. Matryona was “wearied down by the disease” - and this is true. Matryona was sick a lot, and sometimes she would not get up from the stove. A woman who spent her whole life in labor saw neither kindness nor warmth in her life. Fifteen years ago she was married and had six children. But the husband did not return from the war, and the children died one by one. In this life, she was lonely: "Besides Matryona and me, they also lived in the hut: a cat, mice and cockroaches."

This woman experienced a lot in her life, but was not even awarded a well-deserved pension: “There were many injustices with Matryona: she was sick, but was not considered an invalid; she worked for a quarter of a century on a collective farm, but because she was not at a factory, she was not entitled to a pension for herself, and she could only get a pension for her husband, that is, for the loss of a breadwinner. Such injustice reigned at that time in all corners of Russia. A person who does good for the country with his own hands is not valued in the state, he is trampled into the mud. Matrona has earned five such pensions in her entire working life. But they don’t give her a pension, because on the collective farm she received not money, but sticks. And in order to achieve a pension for her husband, you need to spend a lot of time and effort. She collected papers for a very long time, spent time, but all in vain. Matryona was left without money. This absurdity of laws is more likely to drive a person into a fob than to ensure his financial situation.

So life is unfair to Matryona. The state is not interested in how people like Matryona live. The bureaucratic apparatus is shown, which does not work for a person. Crossed out the slogan "Everything for man!". Wealth does not belong to the people, people are serfs of the state. It is these problems that A.I. Solzhenitsyn.

The main character does not even have livestock, except for a goat: "All her bellies were - one dirty white crooked-horned goat." Her food consisted of one potato: “I went for water and cooked in three cast irons: one cast iron for me, one for myself, one for a goat. She chose the smallest potatoes from the underground for the goat, small ones for herself, and for me - the size of a chicken egg. The swamp of poverty is sucking people in, and a good life is not visible.

Take the case of peat: “We stood around the forest, but there was nowhere to get fireboxes. Excavators in the swamps roared all around, but they only carried it to the authorities. This suggests that everything goes only to those who distribute, that is, to the authorities. And honest people have to steal, because there is no other way out, otherwise - death. "Well, they stole used to be a forest from the master, now they were pulling peat from the trust. This shows the obedience of the people. Peasants tolerate arbitrariness and steal.

But Solzhenitsyn shows not only material impoverishment, but also spiritual. The people around Matryona are deformed in moral concepts: goodness - wealth. During the life of Matryona, relatives begin to share the house (room). The dilapidated room is being transported on a tractor. The tractor gets stuck and gets hit by an express train. Because of this, Matryona and two other people die. Greed takes over people. Thaddeus, who in the past loved

Matryona, at the funeral she worries not about her death, but about the logs. Wealth is dearer to him than human life.

This environment in which people live brings them to theft, greed and loss of moral values. People deteriorate and become violent. But Matryona retained her humanity. The purely Russian character of Matryona is perfectly shown. Kindness and sympathy for all living things. Matryona has been offended all her life. But what is the source of her soul? In work - distraction from everything, inspiration, care. She draws strength from nature. The wretched life of Matryona did not make her heart and soul wretched.

The tragedy lies in all the absurdity and cruelty of the structure of society. Poverty and wretchedness of conditions bring a person to bestial deeds. The state rests on the people, and all efforts must be invested for the good of the people. If the people live well, the state will also live well. We must not forget people, but enlighten and teach goodness and truth. Only then spiritually rich personalities will grow out of people.

In the magazine " New world Several works by Solzhenitsyn were published, among them Matrenin Dvor. The story, according to the writer, "is completely autobiographical and authentic." It talks about the Russian village, about its inhabitants, about their values, about kindness, justice, sympathy and compassion, work and help - qualities that fit in a righteous man, without whom "the village does not stand."

"Matryona Dvor" is a story about the injustice and cruelty of a person's fate, about the Soviet order of the post-Stalin era and about the life of the most ordinary people who live far from city life. The narration is conducted not on behalf of the main character, but on behalf of the narrator, Ignatich, who in the whole story seems to play the role of only an outside observer. What is described in the story dates back to 1956 - three years have passed since the death of Stalin, and then Russian people did not yet know and did not realize how to live on.

Matrenin Dvor is divided into three parts:

1. The first tells the story of Ignatich, it begins at the Torfprodukt station. The hero immediately reveals the cards, without making any secret of it: he is a former prisoner, and now works as a teacher at a school, he came there in search of peace and tranquility. In Stalin's time, it was almost impossible for people who had been imprisoned to find a job, and after the death of the leader, many became school teachers (a scarce profession). Ignatich stops at an elderly hardworking woman named Matrena, with whom he is easy to communicate and calm at heart. Her dwelling was poor, the roof sometimes leaked, but this did not mean at all that there was no comfort in it: “Maybe, to someone from the village, who is richer, Matryona’s hut didn’t seem well-lived, but we were with her that autumn and winter good."
2. The second part tells about the youth of Matryona, when she had to go through a lot. The war took her fiancé Fadey away from her, and she had to marry his brother, who had children in his arms. Taking pity on him, she became his wife, although she did not love him at all. But three years later, Fadey suddenly returned, whom the woman still loved. The returned warrior hated her and her brother for their betrayal. But the hard life could not kill her kindness and hard work, because it was in work and caring for others that she found solace. Matrena even died doing business - she helped her lover and her sons drag a part of her house over the railway tracks, which was bequeathed to Kira (his own daughter). And this death was caused by Fadey's greed, greed and callousness: he decided to take away the inheritance while Matryona was still alive.
3. The third part talks about how the narrator finds out about the death of Matryona, describes the funeral and commemoration. People close to her cry not from grief, but rather because it is customary, and in their heads they only think about the division of the property of the deceased. Fadey is not at the wake.

main characters

Matrena Vasilievna Grigorieva - elderly woman, a peasant woman who was released from work on a collective farm due to illness. She was always happy to help people, even strangers. In the episode when the narrator settles in her hut, the author mentions that she never intentionally looked for a lodger, that is, she did not want to earn money on this basis, she did not even profit from what she could. Her wealth was pots of ficuses and an old domestic cat that she took from the street, a goat, and also mice and cockroaches. Matryona also married her fiancé's brother out of a desire to help: "Their mother died ... they did not have enough hands."

Matryona herself also had children, six, but they all died in early childhood, so she later took her youngest daughter Fadeya Kira to be raised. Matryona rose early morning, worked until dark, but did not show fatigue or discontent to anyone: she was kind and sympathetic with everyone. She was always very afraid of becoming someone's burden, she did not complain, she was even afraid to call the doctor once again. Matryona, who had matured, Kira, wanted to donate her room, for which it was necessary to share the house - during the move, Fadey's things got stuck in a sled on the railway tracks, and Matryona fell under a train. Now there was no one to ask for help, there was no person ready to selflessly come to the rescue. But the relatives of the deceased kept in mind only the thought of gain, of sharing what was left of the poor peasant woman, already thinking about it at the funeral. Matryona stood out very much against the background of her fellow villagers; she was thus irreplaceable, invisible and the only righteous man.

Narrator, Ignatich, to some extent is the prototype of the writer. He left the link and was acquitted, then set off in search of a calm and serene life, he wanted to work as a school teacher. He found refuge at Matryona. Judging by the desire to move away from the bustle of the city, the narrator is not very sociable, he loves silence. He worries when a woman mistakenly takes his quilted jacket, and finds no place for himself from the volume of the loudspeaker. The narrator got along with the mistress of the house, this shows that he is still not completely asocial. However, he does not understand people very well: he understood the meaning that Matryona lived only after she passed away.

Topics and issues

Solzhenitsyn in the story "Matryona Dvor" tells about the life of the inhabitants of the Russian village, about the system of relationships between power and man, about the high meaning of selfless labor in the realm of selfishness and greed.

Of all this, the theme of labor is most clearly shown. Matryona is a person who does not ask for anything in return, and is ready to give herself everything for the benefit of others. They don’t appreciate it and don’t even try to understand it, but this is a person who experiences a tragedy every day: at first, the mistakes of youth and the pain of loss, then frequent illnesses, hard work, not life, but survival. But from all the problems and hardships, Matryona finds solace in work. And, in the end, it is work and overwork that lead her to death. The meaning of Matrena's life is precisely this, and also care, help, the desire to be needed. Therefore, active love for neighbor is the main theme of the story.

The problem of morality also occupies an important place in the story. Material values ​​in the village are exalted over human soul and her work, over humanity in general. The secondary characters are simply incapable of understanding the depth of Matryona's character: greed and the desire to possess more blind their eyes and do not allow them to see kindness and sincerity. Fadey lost his son and wife, his son-in-law is threatened with imprisonment, but his thoughts are how to save the logs that they did not have time to burn.

In addition, there is a theme of mysticism in the story: the motive of an unidentified righteous man and the problem of cursed things - which were touched by people full of self-interest. Fadey made Matryona's upper room cursed, undertaking to bring it down.

Idea

The above themes and problems in the story "Matryona Dvor" are aimed at revealing the depth of the pure worldview of the main character. An ordinary peasant woman is an example of the fact that difficulties and losses only harden a Russian person, and do not break him. With the death of Matrena, everything that she figuratively built collapses. Her house is being torn apart, the rest of the property is divided among themselves, the yard remains empty, ownerless. Therefore, her life looks pitiful, no one is aware of the loss. But won't the same thing happen to palaces and jewels the mighty of the world this? The author demonstrates the frailty of the material and teaches us not to judge others by wealth and achievements. The true meaning is the moral image, which does not fade even after death, because it remains in the memory of those who saw its light.

Maybe, over time, the heroes will notice that they are missing a very important part of their lives: invaluable values. Why disclose global moral issues in such poor scenery? And what then is the meaning of the title of the story "Matryona Dvor"? The last words that Matryona was a righteous woman erase the boundaries of her court and push them to the scale of the whole world, thereby making the problem of morality universal.

Folk character in the work

Solzhenitsyn argued in the article “Repentance and Self-Restriction”: “There are such born angels, they seem to be weightless, they seem to glide over this slurry, without drowning in it at all, even touching its surface with their feet? Each of us met such people, there are not ten or a hundred of them in Russia, they are the righteous, we saw them, we were surprised (“eccentrics”), we used their good, in good minutes answered them the same, they dispose, - and immediately plunged again into our doomed depth.

Matryona is distinguished from the rest by the ability to maintain humanity and a solid core inside. To those who shamelessly used her help and kindness, it might seem that she was weak-willed and malleable, but the heroine helped, based only on inner disinterestedness and moral greatness.

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