“Mens sana in corpore sano” (a healthy mind in a healthy body) is an ancient saying. But greatest master of the paradox, Bernard Shaw argues the opposite: “A healthy mind in a healthy body” is a meaningless saying. A healthy body is the product of a healthy mind." These statements are opposite, but not contradictory. They are both true, they reflect two sides of the same thing - the unity of the body and spirit.

The first of these statements seems more obvious. The influence of the body on the psyche is well known to all. Probably each even on his own personal experience knows how difficult it is to keep a "cheerful spirit" when teeth hurt. Long-term chronic diseases of the internal organs can lead to distinct changes in character (it is not for nothing that they say about the "bilious character").

But what Bernard Shaw writes is also true: "A healthy body is the product of a healthy mind." And this has been seen for centuries. Since the Middle Ages, the poetic "Salerno Health Regulations" have been preserved, which then withstood a lot of printed editions and translated into a number of languages. His introductory verses read: “The Salerno school seeks with these lines to communicate health to the English king and indicate the need to keep the head free from care, and the heart from contrition; do not drink much wine, eat lightly, get up early, do not sit long after eating, use only three doctors: the first doctor - rest, the second doctor - fun and the third doctor - diet. So, not to be distressed and to be cheerful is one of the main recommendations for maintaining health...

In the 19th century, the discovery of microbes as the cause of contagious diseases and the development of pathological anatomy for a time reduced the respect of physicians for such advice.

And yet doctors noticed that sometimes the first signs of the disease refer to the time of serious life failures and difficult experiences; that in a patient who has lost faith in recovery and interest in life, the course of the disease often takes on a catastrophic character; that to please, to encourage the patient, to give him confidence in recovery is sometimes more useful than to give him medicine. Voltaire said that "the hope of getting well is half of getting well."

Excellent Russian clinician early XIX century M.Ya. Mudrov said: “In case of a general illness, soldiers should not allow the sick to “fear”, because an unpleasant feeling disposes the body to accept infection.”

In O. Tenri's story "The Last Leaf", a girl with pneumonia and having lost the will to live decided that she would die when she fell. last page with ivy outside the window. The wind rips off leaf after leaf, and the girl's condition gets worse and worse. “I'm tired of waiting. I'm tired of thinking,” she says. “When my patient begins to count the carriages in his funeral procession, I discount fifty percent of healing power medicines,” says the doctor treating her. The sick girl is saved by an artist who painted a leaf on the wall in front of her window that the gusts of autumn wind could not rip off.

Scientists specifically studied the influence of the psyche on the internal organs. It turned out that in a state of hypnosis it is possible to change the amount and chemical composition of gastric juice, suggesting to a person that he is eating broth, bread or milk. An x-ray examination of the stomach showed how, under the influence of suggestion, a pronounced picture of spastic phenomena of the stomach and intestines, a picture of atony and prolapse of the stomach, arises. It was possible to observe how the lowered stomach, under the influence of suggestion, returns to its normal place. When the subject was told that he was eating tasteless, disgusting food, the stomach on the X-ray screen took the form of a flaccid bag without any peristaltic movements. When the idea of ​​tasty, favorite food was instilled, the stomach contracted sharply and peristalted vigorously. If a person was told that he had drunk a lot of water (at the same time he was given an empty glass), then this led to an increase in the amount of urine excreted and such changes in the composition of the blood, which usually occur after heavy drinking.

The influence of emotions on the state of blood vessels and blood pressure is widely known. With fear, blood pressure rises, and under the influence of grief and mental depression, the increase in pressure can become persistent. Conversely, favorable effects on the psyche contribute to lowering blood pressure.

A major therapist-clinician R.A. Luria observed a number of cases of jaundice that arose under the influence of mental trauma. He explains the occurrence of jaundice in such cases by the fact that the innervation of the sphincters (muscle sphincter) that regulate bile secretion is disturbed.

R.A. Luria distinguishes between external and internal pictures of the disease. The external picture of the disease is everything that the doctor manages to obtain with the methods of research available to him, everything that can be described and recorded in one way or another. The internal picture of the disease is everything that the patient experiences and experiences, the whole mass of his sensations, his general well-being, his ideas about his illness and its causes - the entire inner world of the patient.

In the general course of the disease, its internal picture occupies a very large, sometimes dominant place. Sometimes it is much easier to eliminate a real microbe in the patient's body than to evict an imaginary microbe from his psyche. In such cases, the impact on the psyche of the patient, psychotherapy, may be the most important method of treatment.

There are also cases when only psychotherapy in a state of hypnosis frees the patient from the “suggested” illness and returns him to work. Sometimes the cause of the disease (or its exacerbation) may be a word carelessly spoken by someone and misunderstood by a person.

Any disease is a complex process that captures many body systems. The activity of various organs in the fight against the disease is coordinated by the nervous system. Its influence on the course of the disease is confirmed by many observations and studies.

HELL. Speransky believed that the disease occurs at the meeting point of the disease-causing beginning with the nerve ending sensitive to this beginning. The place of influence of the poison predetermines the deployment, and sometimes the fate of the process. Research carried out in the laboratory of A.D. Speransky, confirm his assumptions. It turned out, for example, that the lethal dose of streptococcus is different depending on which vein of the rabbit the culture of this microbe is injected into: the poison affects different nerve endings differently.

Experiments have shown that if bismuth is applied to the nerve endings in the thoracic cavity before an animal is infected with tuberculosis, then the tuberculous process proceeds much more benignly. With the help of similar methods, A.D. Speransky managed to improve the condition of patients with certain diseases: the infection continued to nest in their body, but the altered nervous system of the patient became insensitive to it.

In the study of M.K. Petrova in dogs with prolonged overstrain of the nervous system, various degenerative diseases (eczema, chronic, ulcers, furunculosis) often occurred, and the appearance of these diseases was always preceded by nervous breakdowns. In the absence of such overvoltage, dystrophic processes occurred in dogs much less frequently. In some dogs, nervous strain has led to benign and malignant tumors.

The experiments of A.I. Valley. The dog was injected with morphine under the skin, always accompanied by a gurgle of water. After repeated repetition of this procedure, the dog developed a conditioned reflex: the introduction of water (instead of morphine), accompanied by gurgling, evoked in her a picture of morphine poisoning. Then they began to frequently repeat the introduction of water, accompanied by gurgling and ringing. In this case, the poisoning picture did not occur: the bell became a differentiating stimulus, it inhibited the poisoning reaction (which occurred in the absence of the bell). A dog thus prepared was once injected with morphine, accompanied by gurgling and ringing. The result was amazing: there was no poisoning! The inhibition of the symptoms of poisoning (the bell) acting through the nervous system turned out to be stronger than the effect of a strong poison - morphine.

Using a similar method (method of conditioned reflexes), it was possible to obtain conditioned reflex leukocytosis, a very important mechanism for fighting infection.

The highest function of the nervous system - mental activity - also strongly influences the course of disease processes. This influence can be both positive and negative.

If, in a state of hypnosis, you touch the skin and suggest that you have touched a red-hot iron, then after a while a blister appears in this place, as with a burn. The body reacts as if the burn really took place.

Belief in one remedy or another often greatly improves the effect of that remedy. This, in particular, explains the cases of “miraculous” healings on the relics of saints, cases of healings by healers, and by grandmothers “talking” diseases.

In the officers of a victorious army, wounds heal faster than in an army that is in defeat. This is, of course, not only the best care but also the best morale of the wounded.

The impact on the psyche is a powerful factor. However, in the wrong hands, it can also have a harmful effect. As already mentioned, a poorly spoken word by a doctor can instill unnecessary anxiety in the patient; he may even show signs of a suspected illness. Suggested illnesses are not uncommon. There are even cases of suggested pregnancy, where all the external signs of pregnancy were present and labor pains began in the ninth month.

The influence of the psyche leaves its mark on the course of a disease in a person. The doctor cannot be limited to biology. Psychological and social factors of the disease should always be in the field of his attention.

Mental processes affect the work of internal organs and the course of disease processes in them. And vice versa - painful processes in various organs affect the psyche. One of the strongest factors of this influence is the feeling of pain. Pain signals occupy a special place among the signals that the brain receives from various organs and uses to control. They can come from almost any part of the body and carry little information about the physical properties of the stimulus. And wherever they come from, they are always unpleasant.

Why are they? Does the body benefit from the fact that there is a feeling of pain? At first glance, even the question itself seems strange. In fact, pain gives us so much suffering. It may seem that a person would become happier if he lost the ability to feel pain ...

If you want to look for such "lucky ones", you will find them in neurological clinics. In these people, syringomyelia disease has destroyed the nerve pathways in the spinal cord that carry pain signals to the brain. The patient loses pain sensitivity in a certain part of the body, while tactile sensitivity - the ability to feel touch - is preserved. One of the symptoms of syringomyelia is scars from burns, the occurrence of which did not cause a feeling of pain and therefore was not noticed by the patient in a timely manner. In the burn department of the surgical clinic, a large number of patients who received burns while intoxicated, when sensitivity to pain is reduced, is striking.

Thus, the ability to feel pain is useful. It protects the body, forces it to take protective measures as soon as the damaging effect begins.

Pain is a signal of a threat to the well-being of the body. It is the most valuable acquisition of living organisms in the process of evolution. If any kind of animal were deprived of the ability to perceive pain, then it would be doomed to extinction.

Pain is a very unpleasant feeling. And it's useful. After all, pain requires an immediate reaction of the body. It is no coincidence that people chose the alarming and drowning out other sounds of the howl of a siren, and not some pleasant, melodic sound, as a fire danger signal.

But pain is useful only for the time being. It becomes harmful when, having already fulfilled the role of a danger signal, it continues to “sound” in the body, disorganizing its work. The disorganizing effect of prolonged pain is very great. It can cause palpitations, narrowing of blood vessels, dysfunction of the nervous system, digestion, and respiration. With pain, the content of various substances in the blood can change, blood clotting increases, pain can cause anuria - urinary retention.

Protracted pain negatively affects the human psyche. Everyone knows how difficult it is to focus on anything during pain. Pain can cause feelings of fear. In some cases (for example, with pain in the heart caused by a spasm of blood vessels supplying blood to the heart muscle), fear and anxiety can become extremely strong. Very severe pain can cause pain shock - a sharp decrease in blood pressure, loss of consciousness. It can even lead to death.

This means that one must be able to manage pain, to be able to relieve it when it does not serve as an alarm signal useful for the body. Without the ability to manage pain, modern surgery would be impossible. To eliminate a painful focus (for example, a tumor), the surgeon has to violate the integrity of the living tissue. And in the entire history of living beings, preceding the appearance of civilized man, damage to living tissue was a signal of danger. Therefore, in the process of evolution, a pain signal was developed in response to such damage. In the conditions of modern surgery, the operating wound does not pose a danger, and the pain from it is only harmful to the body.

The study of pain has its history, its heroes.

One of the pioneers in the study of pain in the last century was the English neurologist Head. The experiments needed to study pain cannot be painless, so Head decided to do them on himself. So, at his request, one of his colleagues performed an operation on him - he cut the branch of the radial nerve at the base of the thumb. This operation allowed Head to study how sensation in the finger is restored as the damaged nerve regenerates (repairs). The study took five years. As a result, Head found that sensitivity is restored in two stages - first pain, then tactile. The fibers that conduct the feeling of pain recover faster than the fibers of tactile sensitivity.

The idea that pain sensitivity is a special kind of sensitivity was also confirmed in the observations of other scientists. When examining the skin under a microscope, several types of receptors were found - formations at the ends of nerve fibers that perceive various stimuli. Along with the receptors for cold, heat, touch, pressure, free nerve endings were also found that perceive stimuli that cause pain.

Pain signals go to the brain along their own pathways, separate from those of tactile sensitivity. In order for a person to feel pain, nerve impulses traveling through the conductors of pain sensitivity must come to the corresponding centers of the brain. If these pathways are disrupted (as is the case with syringomyelia), pain does not occur, although irritated pain receptors send appropriate impulses.

Pain plays an important role in the diagnosis of many diseases. It is not for nothing that the first question of a doctor is often the question: “Where does it hurt you?” Pain signals can go to the brain not only from the skin, but also from the internal organs, which have their own receptors (they are called interoreceptors). Excitation of interoreceptors occurs under the influence of changes in the state of internal organs or the composition of the internal environment of the body. Impulses from the internal organs enter the same parts of the spinal cord, which receive impulses from certain areas of the skin. Therefore, in diseases of the internal organs, pain can be localized in certain areas of the body surface. The fact that certain internal organs correspond (in this respect) to certain zones of the skin surface has great importance for diagnostics. It is known, after all, that heart patients often go to the doctor complaining of pain in the left shoulder.

We have already said that if the paths of pain sensitivity are disturbed somewhere and do not pass impulses to the brain, then damaging effects on the corresponding part of the body will not cause pain. But it happens otherwise. The conductor of pain may be irritated not at its origin, but in some other area. From the place of irritation, impulses go to the nerve centers. And the arrival of impulses in these centers is perceived as pain in the organ where the corresponding (going to this center) nerve fibers begin. And a person localizes pain not where the focus of irritation is really located, but where the receptors are located, on the way from which irritation arose.

A typical example of this phenomenon is the so-called phantom pains (from the French fantome - a ghost), i.e. pain in the missing organ. For example, after amputation of a leg, a scar in the stump begins to irritate the circumcised nerve, the fibers of which carried sensitivity from the amputated organ. The signals coming to the brain are perceived as pain in the foot, which has been amputated.

Pain signals that have come to the central nervous system are not perceived in isolation, but in interaction with signals from other types of sensitivity. Exacerbation of pain sensations after operations associated with transection of nerve trunks, in a period when tactile sensitivity has not yet recovered, L.A. Orbeli explained precisely by the fact that normally tactile sensitivity weakens pain.

The interaction of pain sensitivity with tactile sensitivity is also manifested in the ability to accurately localize the site of pain irritation. Orbeli very ingeniously investigated this in experiments on a cat. If a healthy cat is put on a clip on its tail, then it bends its head and tail so that it can reach the clip with its teeth and drops it. Same experience L.A. Orbeli and M.A. Pankratov was carried out on a cat in which the posterior columns of the spinal cord, through which signals of tactile sensitivity are transmitted to the brain, were cut, while the lateral columns, along which signals of pain sensitivity are transmitted, were preserved. If such a cat is put on a clamp on its tail or hind paw, then its reaction to pain manifests itself more violently than before the operation - the cat scratches, squeals. But her attempts to remove the clamp with her teeth remain ineffectual: the cat, deprived of tactile sensitivity, cannot localize the site of pain irritation.

Localization of pain stimulation is possible only if tactile receptors are excited simultaneously with pain receptors. Pain arising from irritation of internal organs without concomitant tactile irritation is often perceived as diffuse, not strictly localized.

The interaction of pain sensitivity with other types of sensitivity is clearly manifested in causalgia - excruciating pains of a burning nature that sometimes occur after nerve damage. Prolonged irritation of the damaged nerve leads to the fact that a persistent focus of excitation appears in the nervous system, which is perceived as pain. Light, sound, smell, taste irritation sharply increase the pain. These irritations seem to be summed up with persistent pain irritation.

We have already said that pain can affect various processes in the body, including the mental state of a person. But mental processes can also affect the feeling of pain. In a state of fear, anxiety, the sensation of pain can occur under the influence of stimuli that usually do not cause pain. Engaging in something can reduce or even temporarily eliminate the feeling of pain. When falling asleep, weak signals from the internal organs can reach consciousness. Therefore, sometimes in the initial stage of the disease of any organ, the first symptom that the patient notices is a dream about the disease of this organ.

In a state of hypnosis, a person can be suggested the absence of pain, while pain stimuli (injections, burns) are applied to the skin. A person who has been instilled with analgesia (painlessness) of a certain area of ​​the skin during hypnosis ceases to feel pain. This can be judged by the fact that he does not react in any way to the injection (when other areas of the skin are injected, he withdraws his hand). However, at the moment of pain irritation of the "insensitive" area of ​​the skin, the biocurrents of the brain clearly change. This means that signals from the receptors of this area continue to enter the brain.

The change in the biocurrents of the brain in the absence of a subjective sensation of pain can be explained on the basis of the modern concept of signal paths from receptors to the cerebral cortex. As mentioned in the essay On the Brain, signals from different receptors are sent to different areas of the cerebral cortex: from visual receptors to the occipital lobes, from auditory receptors to the temporal lobes, from skin receptors to the parietal lobes. The receipt of signals in these areas of the cortex causes the corresponding sensation. But, in addition, branches depart from each specific path to the reticular, or reticular, formation - an accumulation of nerve cells located in the medulla oblongata and midbrain. From the reticular formation, however, signals arrive in all areas of the cortex (from whatever receptors - visual, auditory or skin - these signals begin their journey). The arrival of signals to the cerebral cortex along this non-specific pathway causes a change in the biocurrents of the brain - depression of the alpha rhythm.

Thus, if the sensory pathway is blocked below (i.e., closer to the receptors) than the point of branching to the reticular formation, then irritation of the receptors will not cause either sensation or depression of the alpha rhythm. If the central part of the specific pathway is blocked, above the branch to the reticular formation, then there is no sensation, but the depression of the alpha rhythm occurs (since the non-specific pathway is preserved). Experiments with pain stimulation in a state of hypnosis show that during hypnotic suggestion of painlessness, the central section of a specific pathway is blocked.

Modern medicine has a large arsenal of effective means of dealing with pain. Reliable methods of local anesthesia and general anesthesia have been developed. Anesthesiology has developed so much that it has separated from surgery into an independent specialty. But in order to successfully use painkillers (stopping or weakening pain) and painkillers (preventing pain sensations), it is necessary to know the nature of pain well: to know what it comes from in each case, when it is our enemy, and when it is a friend.

Pain causes not only "internal" changes in the body - heartbeat, narrowing of blood vessels, etc., it also causes "external" changes - in movements, in facial expressions, in the timbre of the voice, in crying. These outward expressions of pain are present in both man and animals. And they perform an important role - they inform other individuals of this species that one of them is in danger, that he needs help, that he himself must take measures against the impending danger.

External expressions of pain are addressed to others, they contain hope for help from impending danger. And in hope - and a drop of relief. The pain is less excruciating "if there are friends who are ready to help. This is what the verses with which I want to end the essay are about:

When a person is in pain And he will scream in pain and someone will hear him And he will clench his hand into a fist, It is easier then for a person, It is easier to deal with pain, It is easier - because someone is nearby Life is arranged like this ...

Feigenberg I.M. BRAIN PSYCHE HEALTH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES USSR
Series "Problems of modern science and scientific and technological progress".
- M.: "NAUKA", 1972

Do not underestimate the influence of colors on the human psyche. The color scheme in the interior of the house can turn into irritability, aggressiveness of the household. In the office - reduce efficiency. And in clothes - to change your personality beyond recognition.

The task of psychology is to study the influence of the environment on the human psyche (whatever it is expressed in) and to teach everyone who wants to apply this knowledge for their own benefit. Hence the emergence of all kinds of interpretations, which are very useful for creating desired image"I". Do you want to be successful and be able to present yourself to people? Change your wardrobe, psychologists advise. Do you want your child to develop in a calm and favorable environment? Make repairs. Purposefully use the effect of color on the human psyche, and this will serve you well.

The main characteristics of colors

For analysis, we will take only the primary colors according to the generally recognized color mixing models that exist today: white and black, yellow, blue, red, green. And since purple is also interesting from a psychological point of view, let's consider it.

According to one model, white is the embodiment of the absence of color, according to another, black is such. However, from the point of view of psychologists, it is black that symbolizes the denial of color, and with it all social norms, the rejection of bright colors life, from the pressure of society. White, on the other hand, does not carry a special load, but mentally it is always associated with purity, impeccability.

Red is said to be the color of passion. The way it is. If a person prefers the color red, this indicates certain features of his character, that the following traits dominate in his personality: impulsiveness, unbridledness, emancipation, purposefulness. These are power-hungry people. Some of the brightest representatives of this category do not manifest themselves in the most ethical way in the desire to achieve their own: "go over their heads."

People who prefer have opposite traits, but at the same time, they have a “creative streak” due to their sensitive nature, and a craving for travel. As well as a high sense of proportion and responsibility.

Yellow color is preferred by cheerful people, who are said to be "the soul of the company." They want to go on an adventure.

Green reflects which, unlike many, can boast of a stable position, he is self-confident, quite savvy in his field, which gives him the courage to walk through life.

Purple is associated with the immaturity of the personality: emotional, and with a pronounced preference for this color, as well as pink, and intellectual.

The influence of colors on the human psyche is especially pronounced through environment and clothes.

Color in the interior of the house, office

Blue color creates the illusion of a more spacious room, but also cold. It is not recommended to use it in the interior for more than 40% of the total color scheme. Because in abundance Blue colour causes a feeling of pressure: even the most self-confident person can doubt his own abilities. The soothing effect that many designers associate with blue is more likely to be found in lighter shades of blue, i.e. blue (not suitable for office decoration).

Green color in the interior will be preferred by individuals striving for unity with nature. In addition, this color really evokes in the soul a sense of harmony, tranquility, a sense of the magnificence of life. A person in a room with a predominance of green will be devoted to contemplation, and only to him. Therefore, in the children's room, he will create the necessary conditions for the development little man. And in the office it is suitable for a smooth, unhurried, but purposeful achievement of labor tasks. However, if you are already a rather calm and unflappable person, and the working conditions require a quick response, then you should choose the opposite color scheme for decorating your office (for example, soft red within reasonable limits).

Red is able to awaken passions in the bedroom, only it should be at a minimum (about 20%): it is enough to emphasize the interior of the room (paint one wall). It warms the soul and increases physical activity. But its excess in the room will give rise to quarrels, aggressiveness, irritability. In the children's room is not recommended for already hyperactive children. In a working environment, it will increase efficiency, but for a short time, and then there will be a sharp decline.

The yellow color will add sun to a poorly lit apartment (if the windows do not face south) and a little happiness in everyday life, give vivacity. So, it is suitable for the bathroom, kitchen, for the nursery. Moderate tones of yellow will be appropriate in the office, unless you have creative profession.

The influence of colors on the human psyche in the interior is great. It is especially noticeable in the negative effect of the violet color: the desire for knowledge, work decreases, any activity is replaced by passivity, depression.

Black is rarely used in interior design, and if used, then in a minimal amount. And this is reasonable, because gloom, cold and fear have no place in comfortable housing.

But white allows you to expand the space. In small apartments, it becomes saving: the crushing walls will turn out to be dear and loved if they are painted in pure white.

Clothing color

White clothing demonstrates purity, light his kindness, even if these features are completely uncharacteristic of him. Psychologists recommend wearing snow-white clothes to people prone to illness, so that a feeling of purity penetrates into the depths of consciousness and clears them of thoughts about illness.

People who prefer to wear exclusively black things are rather gloomy personalities who protest against society and the norms accepted in it. Sometimes wearing clothes means serious stress, prolonged depression. And clothes only exacerbate this condition. Yes, sometimes the influence of colors on the psyche can be dangerous. To dispel the effect of negative emotions, psychologists advise you to start wearing clothes in bright colors.

purple shades prefer people who are emotionally open, kind, sociable. For others, such a person is associated with spiritual purity, innocence. He gives a sense of harmony, calmness to the person himself.

Red clothes scream and inspire a lot of emotions around people: sometimes irritation, sometimes fear, sometimes suppresses the will in such a society. bright person. For people who are insecure, this is a great way to feel "on the other side of the barricades."

Predominantly blue clothes create the appearance of a serious, businesslike person who wants to trust and do business with him. To make the same impression, gray suits should also be selected, sometimes beige suits are appropriate (for meetings with business partners with whom you have been dealing for more than a year).

Those who prefer green in clothes are balanced, calm, harmonious people both in relations with others, and with themselves, and with the world as a whole. Surrounding them are perceived extremely positively and calmly.

The influence of colors on the human psyche has been thoroughly studied not only by professional designers and fashion designers. Even doctors use it to treat patients. It's time for us to bring the necessary colors into our lives.

Timur Bekmambetov's Bazelevs film company, together with VKontakte and RuTube, launched. For two weeks now, 8 people have completely replaced real life with a virtual one: they live in a closed space with a minimum set of clothes, food and water - and without money. They earn money by completing the tasks of the audience. "Afisha" turned to a doctor and a psychologist who are watching the characters, who are locked in the rooms, for answers to the most pressing questions.

Maria Zatulovskaya, producer: “The idea of ​​“On Screen” was born by Timur Bekmambetov even before the release of the film, which was also filmed in the screen share format. We began to develop this idea, tweaked the format together with director Alexei Repnikov and creative producers Natalia Kapustina and Victoria Repnikova. We focused on the chat forum as a familiar format for viewers of online broadcasts. We moved gradually. Much has changed when we added interactivity to the site, made it playable, added tasks.

The project is completely unpredictable. In my opinion, this is the first reality show in which reality is shaped by the audience on the air. They not only give tasks and vote for them, thus forming the content, but also constantly communicate directly with the participants - tell them what is happening on the screens of other guys, suggest how to complete the tasks. Every day we have some surprises - in fact, everything is changing right now. We are constantly finding some new solutions to how the dialogue with the audience should be set up. How should the day of heroes be built. What content should they create. It's a very living organism."

The influence of the Internet on personality

Olga Kuznetsova, psychologist of the On Screen project: From the point of view of psychology, a complete withdrawal into virtual reality leads to a loss of emotional empathy, emotional emasculation. If there is the right balance between online and offline communication, then this, most likely, does not affect the psyche in any way. But this is the ideal situation. The world is becoming virtual, and the Internet is now our new reality.

Modern man often loses the ability to dialogue. On the Internet, we do not need to immediately respond to witty or offensive comments of the interlocutor. We can think, weigh everything, and then respond or ignore the message altogether. This significantly reduces the anxiety that is present in live communication, because you can get away from an unpleasant conversation. This makes online communication less honest and more limited. We can learn something objective: the political and religious views of the interlocutor, for example. But otherwise, we are easily deceived by some, for example, a funny emoticon. After all, we do not hear intonation, we do not see facial expressions. Perhaps, only with a very close person, we can relatively accurately predict the course of thoughts, reactions and actions. But even in this case, communication remains within the framework of the world of our fantasies.

How social networks, chats and instant messengers affect offline communication

Olga Kuznetsova: It is unlikely that Internet communication will greatly affect an adult with a formed model of behavior, which cannot be said about teenagers and people with a mobile psyche, who may well be affected by such a manner of communication. As a rule, the consequences can be sad: up to the loss of a sense of responsibility for their words.

Here we get a vicious circle. A person goes online, he watches the cat of some blogger, and is not interested in the affairs of friends and relatives. This is such a saving escape from reality, from the unbearable sensations from contacts with other people who constantly owe something. People sit in social networks, play online games, turn off their brains and run into the world of their fantasies.

How strong is the influence of public opinion on the network

Olga Kuznetsova: Everyone reacts to negative comments, but everyone experiences it differently. Someone avoids certain resources, someone is rude and swears. Unpleasant emotions affect everyone. Even, for example, Sergei Shnurov, who says he doesn't care about the reaction on the network, is unlikely to make such statements if his clips did not collect 2 million views per day. If there is no instant feedback on the Internet, then this saddens sometimes even more.

How specific Internet humor affects the psyche

Olga Kuznetsova: The Internet does not teach morality. Ideas about what is good and what is bad, a person receives from the family, and the Internet will not be able to influence this. Therefore, it is very important for an adult not to conflict with the interests of the child, but to integrate into his hobbies, to be with him and share values, to teach him to finish what he has started, and not to rush to different tasks (this, by the way, is very typical for clip thinking).

The formation of clip thinking and a decrease in the ability to memorize

Olga Kuznetsova: Clip thinking has become our reality thanks to social networks and the Internet. The brain gets used to quickly receiving information in small portions. Today's teenagers mostly read and are interested in what they see in their social media feeds. It's convenient, fast, spontaneous and very affordable. The percentage of read articles found through search engines is much less than those found on VKontakte or Facebook.
However, if we are talking about the already formed type of thinking, then new technologies affect to a much lesser extent and will not change its essence.

In addition, addiction to search engines reduces the ability to remember. In order to form and bodily memory, physical activity is necessary. If we do not train memory, then it does not develop. This is especially reflected in people with clip thinking, who, instead of memorizing something, quickly find what they need on the network. Also, clip thinking assumes that a person receives information in a dosed manner, and this does not strengthen memory. Remember school: you could read a paragraph of text, learn it, tell it in class and immediately forget it; but if you have read a whole chapter, then, as a rule, you nevertheless took something out of it, which means that you are unlikely to forget it quickly.

What if you completely abandon real life for the sake of virtual

Olga Kuznetsova: Too active involvement in social networks can lead to the loss of live communication skills. These skills are mainly developed only in real life, and active virtual life atrophies them. Socialization problems may result: inability to communicate, lack of real friends. Empathy and emotional reactions may also decrease: after all, on the Internet you do not need to blush and quickly answer questions. Since actions in the network have almost no irreversible consequences, a person will not be able to assess the degree of risk from his actions to himself and others. This means that he will not be able to adequately evaluate his own behavior.

Work on the Internet from home in terms of psychology

Olga Kuznetsova: Freelance work is not for everyone. Someone copes well, for someone Groundhog Day comes - within four walls at a computer in a dressing gown and without much joy about it. For many people, rituality is important: get up in the morning, drink coffee, get dressed and go to work, where there is communication with colleagues, smoke breaks, planning meetings, not always needed meetings and scheduled lunches. The lack of rituals and change of scenery often leads to the development of depression. Not so long ago, it was fashionable to quit your job “for your uncle”, leave the office to implement your own projects. But then a whole wave of people arose who dreamed of returning to a measured and stable office life.

How internet addiction is formed

Olga Kuznetsova: There are different options for the formation of Internet addiction. Let me tell you about two main ones. First, social media irritates our pleasure centers. We rejoice when someone comments on our smart posts or likes our pictures. Therefore, we, like Pavlov's dog, come to the Internet again and again in order to get the attention that we lack in our real world.

Secondly, the Internet and social networks are like a kind of chewing gum for our brain, which gets used to the constant flow of information. It is difficult for us to stop: we need changing information. We need to twist and chew something new all the time. Otherwise, our brain gets nervous. We do not think about our problems, but fill the resulting vacuum with empty news. This is a way to relieve anxiety and escape from reality. Someone gnaws seeds, someone aimlessly scrolls through the Instagram feed, someone bursts soap bubbles in a game about a frog and sorts fruits on an iPhone.

One of the participants in the show "On the Screen" before the project almost did not surf the Internet and did not communicate on social networks. Now he is happy, because new opportunities have opened up before him. The Internet still gives a huge amount of bonuses. We can communicate with people in New York, Paris or Prague without leaving our room in Teply Stan. It’s easier for us to say no or say something unpleasant when we don’t see the other person. We send a message - and the job is done.

Physiological changes with excessive interest in the Internet

Roman Fishkin, doctor, vascular surgeon: You are sitting at the computer and, perhaps, will spend more than one hour at the screen. Already watery and red eyes, the lines are floating, and the back is aching. From sitting at the computer for a long time, fatigue and pain in the shoulders accumulate, but this is not the biggest trouble that you can expect. Fatigue can be relieved by getting up and stretching. Sitting at a computer for a long time can threaten the development of quite serious pathologies on the part of the musculoskeletal system and organs of vision. In addition, a sedentary lifestyle threatens to overweight and delicate diseases - such as hemorrhoids. I would divide the evil that the computer brings to our health into several groups.

Eyes

From constant sitting in front of the monitor, vision may decrease and the so-called false myopia may form. Small vibration of the text and flickering of the screen overloads the muscles of the eyes, and this leads to a gradual decrease in visual acuity. When working at a computer, the blinking frequency of the eyes decreases by about a third, which causes partial drying of the tear fluid film, which is the cause of the development of the so-called dry eye syndrome - this is the most common disease of people working at a computer. Fatigue, photophobia, pain, a feeling of a mote in the eye, accompanied by itching, burning, irritation and redness of the eyes, are all symptoms of dry eye syndrome.

Back

When working at a computer, you sit in one position for a long time. This leads to a constant load on some muscle groups and to a constant absence of it on other muscle groups. The lack of load on the back muscles leads to their degradation, and since the metabolism in the spine occurs with their help, accordingly, it is also disturbed, as a result, degradation (destruction) of the intervertebral discs occurs - osteochondrosis. It is also worth noting that in a sitting position, the load on the intervertebral discs is much greater than in a standing or lying position. Thus, all these negative factors can cause the appearance of a herniated disc, and it can cause pain in the head, limbs and internal organs, depending on its location.

Small pelvis

One of the problems for people who just like to sit at the computer is the stagnation of blood in the pelvic area - these are the genitals, rectum and urinary system. This can lead to the development of such unpleasant and delicate problems as hemorrhoids, prostatitis, cystitis and impotence in men, and in women - the development of menstrual irregularities, impaired sexual desire and infertility.

All this is not as scary as it seems, and many problems can be avoided if you do gymnastics for the body and eyes once an hour, as well as monitor your physical and mental health.

Olga Kuznetsova: Now people have the opportunity not to sit constantly at the computer, but to go online with mobile devices- tablets and phones. It relieves a number of back problems, for example. But the fact that we cannot tear ourselves away from the Internet in principle thanks to these gadgets affects our fatigue. The brain is terribly overloaded, tired and stressed. We are in a constant flow of information and cannot get out of it and relax even on vacation.

Fans of the psychology of management, manipulation and those who are looking for a secret secret about how to make any person do anything by influencing his psyche can relax.

There will be nothing interesting in this article for you.

We will talk about the very important thing - about how the brain reacts to what we do to ourselves. Specifically influence on the human psyche as such.

I will describe as simply as possible without terminology, for those who want to dig deeper, download .

The thing that most of all kills the ability to achieve something, to think sensibly and in general washes away the ground under your feet, offending psychological immunity every minute is fear.

Since fear affects the human psyche, nothing affects.

For as long as a person is afraid of something, he is not able to do anything.

Many will say that fear is a defense mechanism and is necessary for survival - so it is. But it is survival that begins and ends BEFORE fear fills the brain, not after.

It seems that tigers do not run along the street and are especially afraid modern man there is nothing, but if you take and, figuratively speaking, write down the contents of the brain, then there often slips the fear of being left without money, fear for children, fear of loneliness, old age, fear that nothing will work out, and so on.

At these moments, the brain seems to turn off. A person ceases to be adequate and is even more incapable of creative tasks or anything else, as long as he keeps his fear of his inner vision.

Therefore, it is imperative to deal with this feeling, it is not so difficult and no matter how strange it is “not scary”, as it might seem at first glance.

For if fear devours a person totally, then he literally degrades as a person, his abilities, if there were any, they begin to collapse, social problems also begin, and diseases of the body are not far away in this case.

Most the right way work with fear to do what you are afraid of, concentrating not on feelings, body or experiences, but on the process of doing.

We have already talked a lot about this and considered far from one technology and method of working with fear in practice, just use whoever needs it to find what you need.

Emotionality is also negative in terms of its effect on the brain, abilities, adequacy and psyche in general.

And any - no matter positively or negatively colored.

As long as a person dominates in emotions, he is not able to think, reason and act adequately, but he approaches behavior in a state of passion and other big problems.

In fact, at first a person thought something - then he reacted emotionally to it - this is not an exact scheme, but an approximate skeleton of the process.

So it’s worth taking a step back, instead of drowning in emotions of bliss or anger and sorting out where and what they thought and whether there are enough facts to draw such conclusions that they caused such strong emotions and so on.

The training of the emotional sphere gives a huge advantage over those who are ready to react emotionally for any reason.

Think about it and draw conclusions for yourself by implementing it into your practice.

Studies have shown that loneliness also negatively affects the human psyche.

Loneliness loneliness strife.

A person can kill himself with the thought that he is alone and he doesn’t even have anyone to talk to and that no one needs him, or he can convince himself that this is a necessary hermitage for him, which will help him understand himself and give him enough time for perfection.

Do you understand the difference?

These are two completely opposite stories with different results in life, but with the same entrance.

And it's not about loneliness, but about how a person treats him. In general and in essence, our attitude determines a lot, and not just the item related to loneliness.

Pro influence on the human psyche one can talk endlessly, because there are too many factors, ranging from ecology, nutrition and ending with the programs of the family, but ... One way or another, we will come to a person’s thoughts about himself or towards his attitude towards himself and to what is happening outside.

For it is not in vain that they say that “thought is material”.

The influence of flowers on the human psyche was noticed in ancient times by various shamans, healers and sorcerers. They can cause joy and grief, bring comfort or irritation, having amazing capabilities.

colorful life

Everyone noticed the impact of color when they put on a red jumper, attracting the eyes of others. For Western society, people dressed in black will look gloomy, but the snow-white dress of the bride speaks of a solemn moment and the purity of the event. If you are interested psychological impact colors, you will find answers to many questions in the presented article.

Why is this happening?

Everything that is incomprehensible attracts a person, kindling cognitive interest. The influence of colors on the human psyche is due to the emission of electromagnetic waves by each color. These waves, due to their length, have different effects. They possess healing properties, since we not only see color with our eyes, but also feel electromagnetic radiation with our skin. By choosing the "right" colors specifically for themselves, a person can feel healthier and more cheerful.

The psychological impact of color lies in the fact that it is a kind of "emotional food", and, accordingly, in order to function normally, our body needs various shades in different proportions. They can help restore a person's mental balance and even some aspects of physical health. Food, clothing items, make-up, surrounding furniture affect the human condition. Thanks to many studies, we now know a sufficient amount of information about the effect of color on the human psyche. In this regard, you can combine tones and improve mood and overall well-being.

What do red and yellow tell us?

Elements of the surrounding world of red color cause excitement in the psyche and are a kind of compulsion to activity. Thanks to him, the muscles are tensed and movements are accelerated, and this leads to an increase in efficiency.

Being in a room where there is red lighting, people show the highest performance. But over time, as the body adapts to this hue, performance levels drop and problem solving becomes more difficult. This is due to color fatigue.

If you need to overcome difficulties, be more determined and resilient, then we advise you to use red in your life.

To stimulate brain activity, awaken intellectual abilities, increase the level of visual perception, use yellow. Contraindications: neuralgia and overexcitation of the cortex. Well, if you are accompanied by disappointments and disappointments, then yellow is just right.

What is green and blue for?

The color of spring greens ensures the normalization of blood and eye pressure, respiration, pulse, an increase in the sharpness of perception, concentration and intellectual potential. If you want peace, relaxation and rest - feel free to use green, because it will give you what you need. The impact of color plays a huge role in our Everyday life.

Deep blue color, constantly affecting the psyche, can lead to high levels of fatigue or even depression in some cases. But if a strong shock has happened to you, then this color can restore strength. It will reduce tension in muscle tissue, dull pain sensations, weaken the pulse and have a calming effect on spontaneous impulses in an ardent personality.

Influence of purple, blue and brown

Violet color has a contradictory effect on the human condition, as it can both increase stamina and reduce performance, suppress intellectual abilities, or even lead to depressive states.

To reduce anxiety, lower blood pressure and relieve pain, use things blue color. But do not overdo it, because the long-term influence of this color leads to fatigue and inhibition of some of the functional capabilities of the human body.

Brown tells us about the need for relaxation, bodily comfort. Therefore, if you feel such needs, then think about how to bring this color into your life and get a little distracted from working moments.

Contrast black and white

lovers white color characterized by a need for freedom, breaking burdensome ties and a desire to start over from scratch. If you want to forget something and free yourself from the shackles of memories, surround yourself with white.

The black tone characterizes a person who rebels against his own destiny. This color has important healing properties, as it absorbs other shades and has a rather positive effect on the body.

By determining your color preferences, their persistence or volatility, you will be able to recognize your own emotional and physical reactions, general well-being and mood.

The influence of color on the psyche of children

Children are constantly surrounded by different colors, they learn about the world, and you should be smart about the color scheme of children's rooms, furniture, toys and clothes. There is no doubt that the influence of color on the psyche of a child is one of the most topical issues for young parents. According to Norwegian scientists, young children registered with the internal affairs bodies, or juvenile delinquents opted for black. People who are suicidal also choose this tone.

The influence of colors on the psyche of a person, especially a small one, is based on several principles. Firstly, the daily life of a baby should be filled with a large number of different shades, one thing is important - their competent combination.

Secondly, the walls and ceiling in the children's room should be either white or light, but not dark, as this will affect both the emotional state of the baby and his cognitive abilities.

Thirdly, use the blue color, and it will help save you and your baby from stressful influences, relieve pain.

Fourthly, a stable state of the nervous system will provide you with green shades and white-blue colors. Green, taken separately, can regulate pressure and relieve fatigue.

Fifthly, psychologists argue that the influence of color on the psyche is also expressed in the impact on the development of speech. Therefore, association games will become relevant in the period from one to three years (for example, strawberry-red, sun-yellow).

Sixth, if your baby has lethargy, poor appetite, lethargy and mood swings, then the use of red, yellow and orange will help you.

Knowing the intricacies of color exposure, parents and educators will be able to stabilize the mood, if necessary, calm or cheer.

Some color tricks

To feel the influence of colors on the human psyche, you do not need to put on things of only one tone, because a stylish red scarf or bag will already make a difference and increase your life potential. The main thing is to focus. You can "scatter" bright elements in the room, such as pillows or toys, and then the energy of color will fill the room.

In the living room or bedroom, you can use light bulbs or lamps of different colors. Colorful stickers for window glasses have a similar effect, because not every person can afford multi-colored stained-glass windows.

Scientists advise changing the color of the bedroom, if you have a bad dream, to calm shades (pale purple, pink, light blue).

Yellow sunflowers and an orange dress will perfectly cheer up and work. A wonderful option for filling everyday life with bright colors is decorative crystals and jewelry made from precious (or not so) pebbles.

Having received such information at your disposal, knowing your needs, you can make bouquets that will emit exactly the colors that are needed for you. To feel light after eating, add more colored foods, because they are easier to digest.

Also, with the help of color, you can send signals to people around you, so use cosmetics (varnishes, shadows, lipsticks) wisely. At home, you can use lavender or geranium aromatic oils, because they emit blue and red, respectively.

Conclusion

The above information is quite useful, because the influence of color on the psyche is huge. And if your mood has deteriorated or you feel unwell, you can easily adjust it with the help of colors, bright and saturated or pale and calm.