For many people, the concept of a museum is associated with empty halls, caretaker grandmothers, paintings hung on the walls, and budget financing. These ideas, to some extent, are associated with the old approaches to museums, when their maintenance was completely taken over by the state. However, these days, a small private museum can be a great low-budget business for aspiring entrepreneurs.

Of course, the creation of a museum as a business will bring profit only in those cities in which there are large flows of tourists and city guests. Creating a museum in such tourist centers is not too difficult, which can bring its creators not only good money, but also a lot of pleasure from participating in an interesting business.

For example, in many small towns located along the Golden Ring of Russia, there are a huge number of private museums that are actively visited not only by Russian tourists, but also by foreign travelers. The very names of such museums serve as excellent advertising and attract visitors: the iron museum, the museum of cunning and ingenuity, the mouse museum, the chocolate museum, and so on.

What does it take to create a museum?

First of all, this is a room. It is desirable to place the museum in its own premises, since rent, especially at first, will not pay off with income from ticket sales. Private museums do not have to be located in large spacious rooms, as is customary in large cities.

Specialized and ethnographic museums are of particular interest to visitors.

Therefore, the placement of a private museum is possible simply in a village house or in several large rooms of a former private apartment. Expositions of private museums, as a rule, are not too large. Placing the exposition in a small space allows you to make the exhibition rich, and the tours are quite short, which increases turnover and income.

Antiques, private collections of objects from different eras, photographs, posters are of great interest among tourists.

Oddly enough, even museums dedicated to the very recent, Soviet period, the history of the city or local customs turn out to be popular. It is enough to travel around the nearest villages, collecting old, often unnecessary things from the population, or to purchase a collection of some collector to lay the foundation for the exposition.

For example, the museum of cunning and ingenuity contains various household items that demonstrate the remarkable ingenuity of the Russian people, used in everyday life on a variety of occasions. Here and a device for catching fish, and various kitchen utensils, and devices for agricultural work.

Wrappers can be demonstrated at the Chocolate Museum various kinds chocolates and chocolates, vintage photographs, advertising samples. All this arouses interest on the part of visitors and serves as a wonderful advertisement for excursions.

The cost of creating a private museum can be minimal, especially if the owner of at least a small collection is involved in this business. It is very important to show a sense of humor when creating an exposition of a private museum in order to make the tour lively and interesting.

Also important is correct selection caretakers and guide in the museum.

At first, the owner of the museum himself can act as a guide, but, as a rule, in order to increase the duration of the work, one has to hire staff.

Income from ticket sales can be supplemented by income from the sale of various souvenirs.

Therefore, in a private museum, it is necessary to immediately provide a room where souvenirs will be sold. In small private museums, the sale of souvenirs can be organized at the entrance, where souvenirs become, as it were, part of the exposition.

An important role for the profitability of the museum is played by its location.

The most profitable are museums located near the most visited places in the city center, near tourist bus stops.

Initial Costs for the creation of a private museum may be limited by the cost of repairs and equipment of the premises. In this case, for example, when placing an exposition in a village hut, such costs can be minimized. However, the museum cannot avoid advertising expenses. It is necessary to make and place signboards, banners, direction indicators to the museum, brochures and colorful booklets about the exposition.

The cost of an entrance ticket can range from 50 to 250 rubles. A visit to the museum even with one bus tour can bring income of at least 10 thousand rubles.

However, it must be taken into account that current expenses for the maintenance and protection of the museum, staff salaries, constant advertising can reduce the profitability of a private museum to zero.

Therefore, it is highly desirable, when creating a business on the basis of a private museum, to act pragmatically and systematically from the very beginning. How to do this will help you, which you can order on our website.

* Calculations use average data for Russia

Opening your own private museum seems like a promising undertaking to a small number of people, yet a trip to such an institution is perceived by few as an interesting form of leisure. However, there is still demand, and if you choose the right theme for your museum and properly organize it, you can count on a good profit. Moreover, there are a huge number of development options here, an entrepreneur can work in different formats, offer his visitors something unique, and the variety of topics allows you to occupy a niche that no one else is engaged in. good museum can be popular and generate income absolutely everywhere - both in small towns and in big cities, it is especially convenient to do such a business in historically significant places. Given some of the features of running this kind of business, you can start a business that will bring a stable and fairly high income. At the same time, for many entrepreneurs, such a business becomes an interesting undertaking, because it allows you to do exactly what he devoted his life to.

To begin with, in general, you need to study the market in order to determine what exactly is interesting to the population. When working in resort or simply popular cities with tourists, it is worth focusing not even on the local population, but on visitors, there are a lot of opportunities here. Determining the theme of the museum is the most difficult stage, here the entrepreneur has to do a full-fledged research, because in case of an unsuccessful choice, it will not even be possible to talk about covering expenses, not to mention making a profit. As for competitors, they are unlikely to significantly affect the conduct of their business, because no one will create two museums of the same subject, and when choosing a museum, people always go exactly where they themselves are interested, here a marketing campaign is unlikely to will affect their choice. However, there are museums that are just trying to attract their visitors through something new and unusual, these are, of course, most often museums in tourist cities, because it is difficult to attract the local population to the exhibition of some too unusual collection all the time. But tourists will be happy to visit not only historical sights, but also very unusual museum. In general, after finding out what people are interested in and making sure that there will be enough people as visitors, you can start opening your museum.

An important point is the registration process. At its core, an entrepreneur has one way out - to register a legal entity in order to make a profit on the provision of services, and his museum will simply be an entertainment, cultural and leisure institution. The process of registering a legal entity is standard, there are no special conditions here. But if he does not aim to make a profit, then he can register a non-profit organization, which will become an autonomous institution. It is quite difficult to obtain the status of a museum, which allows you to apply to the Ministry of Culture for any subsidies and support, usually private commercial organizations do not become them. But in any case, the application is submitted just to the Ministry of Culture, and there the value of the collection and its significance as a cultural asset are already assessed, as well as the state of the museum itself. In general, there is a difference here, commercial museums most often amass a collection that is unlikely to matter to the Ministry of Culture, and more "traditional" museums are almost always NPOs.

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A separate conversation if the entrepreneur has objects of important cultural and historical significance, if they are really in private collection, then the Ministry of Culture will be interested in having these exhibits on display, but it will be very difficult to rent items of this kind. This is in case the entrepreneur assumes the possibility of renting some valuable things in other museums or other institutions. In general, from a legal point of view, there are no restrictions on the conduct of their activities, the main thing (in the case of a commercial organization) is to pay taxes, but to one degree or another historical Museum in any case, on many issues I have to contact the Ministry of Culture in my district. Therefore, before starting work, it makes sense to contact there in order to find out about the requirements and some provisions in the region, because, for example, there may be a restriction on the use of any items obtained during even a private archaeological expedition, this may be for example, if the excavations took place on the territory of hostilities in the past.

The next step is to find a place to work. There are many options here, but they depend, just on the chosen format of work. Some private museums are even located in the houses or apartments of their founders, but these are rather small museums that are of interest only to a small group of like-minded people. A normal museum needs at least one exhibition hall approximately 100 m 2 in size. True, there are smaller halls, and much larger ones, museums in general are very, very different. An important point maybe it is the location in the city, the best, of course, is located in the center, but there the cost of rent will be very high. 100 m 2 will cost 70 thousand rubles a month on average, but this is a very rough indicator, in large cities this money will not be enough, in a small town, on the contrary, it will be possible to save money. When working in a smaller room, of course, the savings will be more significant. In general, the museum in this regard is a rather complicated undertaking, because in some cases there is seasonality (for example, in tourist cities), and not every month the flow of visitors is equal, but the rent is constant, and it must be paid without delay.

In general, it is better to have a reserve fund of funds in order to be able to pay rent for at least six months in advance without the risk of being left without a room. With 70 thousand rubles for rent, such a fund will amount to 420 thousand rubles. For six months, at least work will be done to attract visitors, after which the risks will decrease. And the museum, which is subject to seasonality, should plan its budget for the year ahead. Some entrepreneurs, by the way, find temporary places to place their expositions, thanks to which they can not engage in this activity at all for several months, but also not pay rent. For example, you can negotiate with an already operating museum to open its exhibition only for the summer months. Here you already need to explore the possibilities in order to find the best way out of your situation.

In general, if a decision was made to open a museum, then the organizers probably already have some exhibits, that is, the exhibition is ready to one degree or another. In extreme cases, a decision has already been made about what and where to buy. It must be said here that the cost of the exhibits can be very different. These may be the finds of archeological students who sold them for a symbolic amount, these may be things made by the entrepreneur on their own (some people who are fond of some kind of creativity subsequently think about opening a museum of their crafts, and some it succeeds), and it can also be real works of art, antiques, things of great historical value - such expositions can be estimated at millions of dollars. That is, to name even approximate cost the purchase of exhibits is impossible, the range is very, very wide, in fact, from “free” to “astronomical sums”. It all depends on what exactly you are doing. And, of course, you need to consider what size the exposition will be, and in general, how many of them there will be in one museum.

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You also need to take care to properly equip your rooms. To do this, you will need to purchase the appropriate equipment. In general, placing exhibits in museums may require the purchase of somewhat unusual equipment (for example, racks for armor), but we will consider ordinary shelving and display cases. They are usually made from simple materials, but sometimes you need an increased degree of protection if you have to deal with valuable items, that is, when there is a possibility of theft. Of course simple local history museum hardly needs a complex and expensive security system, but in some cases it is critically necessary. The cost of a rack 4-5 meters long is 30-40 thousand rubles, small showcases are 1.5-2 times cheaper, that is, one average museum hall can be equipped with furniture for 200-300 thousand rubles. Of course, there are many options here too, a lot depends on the exhibits themselves, sometimes you don’t even have to buy something more expensive than a simple table. Additionally, a security complex is installed, for this you can contact a specialized private security organization, which will be able to connect a security system for an amount of about 50 thousand rubles, but in the future you will have to pay for security. Here, too, much depends on the complexity of the system, on the level of security, you need to count on the amount of 5 thousand rubles. For protection big museums the amount will be several times higher. A separate item of expenditure will be the creation of a design project, if this, of course, is appropriate when creating a museum. Some of these institutions are really equipped in accordance with any theme, so it makes sense to contact a specialized office that performs such work. The cost of a design project (its development) is approximately one thousand rubles per square meter of a room (taking into account that the size is 100 m 2, that is, if it is a large room, otherwise it is 1.5-2 times larger). Thus, about 100 thousand more rubles are needed for a design project.

It is also worth considering who exactly will work in the museum. It should be noted that the entrepreneur himself is quite able to serve a small institution, but if the museum has a huge number of exhibits, and many of them are valuable, then it is worth attracting special employees. Well, if they already have experience in similar positions, many museum workers who have worked in public institutions will almost certainly be interested in the higher level of salaries that a private museum can offer them. A staff of 4-5 people will be enough to serve an average museum, the salary of one person here lies within 20 thousand rubles for an average city. Of course, in large settlements, people will have to pay a little more. In fact, the entrepreneur himself can also continue to take part in the work of the museum, especially if he forms a collection that is of interest to him. Here you will need a person responsible for the exhibits, their accounting and maintenance, an administrator, and in some cases a guide. Sometimes cheap labor is additionally involved in organizing exhibitions; this is necessary, for example, when working with big pictures or heavy sculptures. Thus, the salary fund is about 100 thousand rubles a month, but this figure only applies to really large museums, which are visited by a lot of people. At the same time, it is better to outsource all business processes that are not related to making a profit, this includes the already mentioned security activities, as well as bookkeeping. Either an additional knowledgeable person or the entrepreneur himself should deal with the issues of regulating relations with the Ministry of Culture, but even a specialist from the outside does not have to be hired, but contacted only if necessary.

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Now let's take a closer look at the possible formats of work. The simplest example is an ordinary historical or similar museum, which is mostly interesting for a certain group of people, but "general cultural" institutions often host entire school classes or even student groups if their exhibits consist of objects of research in a certain field of science. Here already people go to the museum for the sake of enlightenment (and in the case of schoolchildren - often simply on a voluntary-compulsory basis). Therefore, when organizing a museum of this kind, it is worth starting cooperation with educational institutions, offering a discount on mass trips. The entrepreneur only benefits from this, because the discount on tickets does not affect the level of income, because many people come at the same time. However, the most interesting for schoolchildren, students and their teachers are registered museums, which, as already noted, are most often non-profit enterprises.

A different format of work is museums with unusual themes, there are a huge number of such small institutions in the world that collect things that are incomprehensible to a simple layman. The most banal example is the Museum of Celebrity Items. Everything is determined by the founder's imagination, but the biggest risk in this direction is not finding an audience. On the other hand, there are examples of museums of this format that people from all over the world go to. The cost of a ticket to such institutions is usually an order of magnitude more expensive than a ticket to a simple museum, although only a well-known institution can set such a price. The next category is museums designed for tourists, these are precisely the institutions that are most dependent on the season, but they can special occasions earn in a couple of months many times more than a regular museum. Usually these museums are devoted to the history of the city, its architecture, art, some events that took place in the life of the city. It is clear that such a museum will be successful only in a city that is initially interesting to tourists. And a separate category is museums that are dedicated to some unusual direction, which the organizer himself is fond of. What distinguishes such museums is that most of the exhibits are the product of the creative thought of the museum owner himself, such institutions just start with exhibitions in their own apartment or house. It can also be anything, but here you need to be sure that there will be enough like-minded people to make money on it. An additional (and sometimes the main or even the only) item of income is the sale of made things; in general, any museum can deal with the sale of exhibits.

Thus, the cost of opening a museum can be both very small and very significant, an average simple museum can be opened (without taking into account the collection, the cost of which, as was noted, cannot be estimated at all and is always calculated individually) for the amount of about one million rubles with taking into account reserve funds for maintaining work in the first months. The amount of monthly expenses is 200 thousand rubles, and it should be noted that this is a very large figure. To cover the costs, you need to maintain at least a page on the Internet about your museum, and for this you need to invest at least an additional 50 thousand. The cost of a ticket to the museum starts from 50 rubles (but not even the one described here, but much simpler), the average cost is 300 rubles. Thus, to cover the costs, almost 670 people will have to be involved every month, or about 30 people per day (a working month with 22 days is taken into account).

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In this material:

Private museums are a promising and interesting direction for organizing your own business. This niche is in stable demand in Russia, especially in cities with developed tourism. How to open own museum and make money on it? A ready-made museum business plan will help to understand these issues.

Advantages and disadvantages of opening a museum

Each business has positive and negative sides that an entrepreneur will certainly face - the simplicity and complexity of the organization, competition, payback, etc.

Advantages of the museum business:

1. Does not require licensing. To open such a business, you do not need to obtain a license to operate. For example, to create a magazine, you need a license from the Ministry of Press. For a museum enterprise, such documents are not required.
2. The relevance of the idea. Museums always attract tourists and lovers of antiquity. Among them are major collectors who prefer to book private tours.
3. Ease of organization. There is no need to maintain a large staff.
4. Fast payback.

Flaws:

1. Location dependent. If the museum is located far from cultural center city, it will not be interesting for tourists.
2. Seasonality. Most of the visitors are tourists from other cities and countries. They usually travel in the summer. There will not be a large flow of visitors during the off-season.
3. Availability of specialized knowledge. It is important to correctly arrange the items in the expositions so that they complement each other and create a single composition. In addition, special storage conditions must be created for each exhibit - temperature and humidity conditions, and special lighting for written sources and paintings.
4. Reliable security is needed - even the most major museums rob if they contain valuable items for collectors.

Definition of subject matter

The choice of topics is determined by a number of factors:

1. The presence or absence of experience in the museum field. If there is no experience, consultations of specialists are necessary - professional museum workers and collectors.
2. Knowledge of the topic. It makes no sense to choose an unfamiliar topic - this is a sure sign of failure. For the project to be successful, an entrepreneur must work with topics familiar to him or gain this knowledge by reading literature, communicating with colleagues, attending conferences and webinars of professionals.
3. Having your own collections. Most private museums were formed from private collections and gradually expanded. Own collection is a big plus. Majority famous museums were formed on the basis of such collections.
4. Competition. All existing museums are potential competitors. The primary task is to lure visitors from them. It will not be easy, but quite feasible with the right approach to project implementation and a good advertising campaign.
5. tourist attraction of the region. For example, creating your own museum enterprise in St. Petersburg or the Crimea is much more profitable than somewhere in the outback.

When choosing a topic, it is necessary to take into account all these factors, they are all interconnected and complement each other.

Additionally, it is necessary to analyze the target audience. It will show how visited the museum of a particular subject will be.

Since the primary task of an entrepreneur is to make money on visitors, this factor should be the main one.

After choosing a topic, you need to decide on the type of enterprise.

Museums are of two types:

• closed;
• open air.

Business organization

Registration

Any business must be registered.

There are two registration options:

• entity;
• individual entrepreneur.

Most private museums in Russia are registered as individual entrepreneurs. There is no need to register the status of a legal entity.

To obtain an IP, the following documents are required:

1. Copy of the passport.
2. Receipt for payment of state duty.
3. Application form P21001.
4. Application to the tax office.

To register an IP you need:

1. Apply. There are two ways - at the place of residence and through the Internet. The second option is the most common.
2. Select OKVED code. This code tells the authorities how the type of business activity is registered.
3. Write an application (form Р21001).
4. Pay the state fee in the amount of 800 rubles.
5. Register with the tax office.

There are examples of registration of private museums as non-profit associations. This status does not prohibit the entrepreneur from deriving commercial benefits from his activities and gives him the opportunity to receive financial support from the state.

Location and search for premises

The ideal place is the cultural or historical center of the city. The main flow of visitors is tourists. Most of them will not look for a museum on the other side of the city, especially if it has just opened and has not yet gained mass popularity.

Advantages of opening a museum in the city center:

• convenient transport interchange;
• higher visitor flow.

• high rent - you will have to compete with large offices and enterprises for which the high cost of rent is not a problem;
• the dense development of the city center creates difficulties for organizing a tourist destination - this is an additional cost for rent.

Museums that cannot afford to rent in the city center also find a way out - they open in abandoned industrial and historical sites - factories, workshops, military hospitals, barracks, libraries, galleries, houses where prominent personalities lived.

If there is no money to rent or buy premises, the expositions can be shown in other museums. They will take a part of the profit for themselves, but they will independently solve all organizational issues.

Exhibits

Expositions of private museums are formed by:

• private collections;
• rental of individual exhibits or entire collections in other museums.

REFERENCE: The first museums in Russia were formed on the basis of private collections. Thus, the Hermitage, which arose in 1764, was replenished for the first time only with private collections. For example, the famous Siberian collection of gold jewelry first belonged to Peter the Great and only in the second half of the 18th century was transferred from the Kunstkamera to the Hermitage, where it is still kept.

Recruitment

Recruitment is an important and responsible moment. The staff is the face of the museum. The success or failure of this business depends on how well he performs his work.

To organize a museum you will need:

1. Guide. He must know the expositions perfectly, find the connection between the exhibits and understand the historical context of the finds. Ideally, this is a professional historian or museum worker. In addition, he must have foreign languages- to arrange excursions for foreign tourists.
2. Restorer. Most archaeological finds need to be restored. For example, ceramic dishes usually arrive at museums broken - they need to be restored. This can only be done by a professional restorer.
3. Security guard. It makes no sense to open a museum without proper security - it can be quickly robbed.
4. Cashier-accountant. In small museums, the position of accountant is usually assigned to the cashier. This allows you to save on the maintenance of employees.
5. Appraiser. Collections need to be replenished regularly. It is impossible to buy exhibits without a professional appraiser - there is a risk of overpaying or stumbling upon a fake.

Financial plan

Start-up investments and running costs

Initial investment:

• purchase or rental of premises - from 50 thousand rubles;
• purchase of furniture for expositions - 200 thousand rubles;
• purchase of equipment to support the temperature and humidity regime - 100 thousand rubles;
• payment state duty- 800 rubles;
• advertising - 60 thousand rubles;
• salary of employees - 150 thousand rubles;
• purchase of exhibits - from 100 thousand rubles.

Income

The profitability of such an enterprise depends on:

• tourist attraction of the city;
• the location of the museum;
• seasonality;
• exhibits and public interest in them.

The average cost of an entrance ticket is 200 rubles. Additional income - the services of a guide and paid permission to photograph the exhibits.

Guide services - 1000 rubles. The fee for using the camera is 100 rubles.

Monthly earnings - 400 thousand rubles.

Profit calculation

Every month, the income from the work of the museum is 400 thousand rubles. Taxes, utility bills, as well as wages employees.

Net profit - 200 thousand rubles.

Payback - from 1 year.

The museum business is not new, but still relevant type of entrepreneurial activity. Most domestic museums were formed from private collections. You can still make money on this today. Exhibits can be bought absolutely legally - without the fate of black archaeologists and other antiquities hunters.

According to market experts, private museums, due to their characteristics, form a new format for collecting and increase the audience of those interested. Depending on the direction, museums of private owners increase the investment attractiveness of a particular collectible item/theme. Under the concept of private museum » Most often, there are projects that have their own or rented venues with an exposition that includes thematic private collections and access to which is open to everyone for a fee. According to statistics, over the past decade there has been a significant increase in private museums. At the forefront of the world positions are Europe, the USA and China. Private museums in Russia are actively cooperating with state programs, providing the latter with their expositions.

The reason for the increase in the number of private museums lies in the fact that private projects can be more flexible in decision-making and can create mobile collections, some of which can be purchased at auctions with a worldwide reputation.

We remind you that state museums are prohibited at the legislative level from participating in auctions held in the West. Another indisputable advantage of a private museum is its right to sell part of its collection. At the same time, state museums are prohibited from selling even part of their assets. Private museums can quickly respond to fashion trends, sell old collections and purchase newer and more relevant ones for visitors. This right allows private projects to update their expositions in time and attract more clients.

Market features

Private museums essentially form the collections market themselves and monopolize the pricing process in certain niches. By attracting clients, showing certain expositions, private museums create demand and new elements of the target audience who are ready to buy the items they like. Museums-trendsetters (English Trendsetter; from English Trend - a tendency, to set - to establish, start) become not only active participants in auctions, but also their founders and the main driving force.

Such cooperation is very beneficial for auctions - a huge number of not just interested people come to them, but entire institutions with developed potential and investment opportunities. In addition, it is worth emphasizing that participation in auctions is marked not only by excitement, but also by a high cultural level and the scale of fees. The art market of the world is constantly updated with the emergence of new and diverse private museums. Experts argue that the development of private museum business in Russia will follow the Western scenario and over time will be able to strengthen and create its own distinctive features. So, basically, a private museum collects a board of trustees (investors), which eventually unite into a fairly large resource. The current legislation strongly encourages this scenario.

Federal law on the export and import of cultural property ( No. 435 “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in Connection with the Improvement government controlled in the field of export and import of cultural property and archives” and No. 430 "On Amendments to Part Two of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation" ) dated December 28, 2017, says that there are benefits that can only be used by state and municipal institutions culture.

This law also applies to non-state museums ( paragraph 2 of Art. 333–34 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation ).

In addition, objects of cultural value that were purchased or donated to private galleries will not be subject to VAT (paragraph 3 of Article 333-35 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation), and private museums, according to the decree of the President of the Russian Federation, are exempt from paying state duty on the right temporary export, which gives them the opportunity to participate in international projects.

Director of the Hermitage, head of the Union of Museums of Russia Mikhail Piotrovsky, notes that private collections are often very professional and distinguish them favorably from academic ones. classical museums reflect the personality of their creator.

He also notes that " Museum in our understanding is an institution that has funds. If there are no funds, this is a gallery ... ". The specialist also talks about the current trend in Russia towards the creation of a single museum zone, in which today three main types of museums are noted - these are state, private and public. There is healthy competition in this space. Mikhail Piotrovsky lists leisure and entertainment complexes. Among the important components of success, the expert calls the need to declare exhibits, preserve the country's museum fund, and ensure the integrity of collections. In addition, the funds earned by the museum should be spent on its immediate needs, and not deducted in favor of the state when subsidies are reduced. cultural heritage nation.

The specialist emphasizes that modern museums in Russia need a special concept that will distinguish them from leisure activities and the service sector.

Michael is convinced that our mission is to preserve, study and pass on everything we have received from previous generations. This is the main thing, not entertainment ...". Art is a kind of therapy, and it should be offered by those who know educated people. Among the best private museums in Russia, he names the Metropolitan Museum and emphasizes that it perfectly combines the mission of the museum and its dialogue with urban space and visitors.

State museums, unlike private ones, can take advantage of a number of tax incentives and receive some support from the state.

At the same time, private projects do not have to draw up such a document as an agreement on the immunity of their paintings from arrests imposed by legal claims. The specialist notes that a similar problem is observed in the organization of exhibitions in the United States, whose representatives, nevertheless, can freely bring their expositions for demonstration in Russian cities.

The best way to develop the industry will be the close cooperation of private and state museums- thus, a single museum space will have the opportunity and potential for expansion and diversity.

It could be:

• Publication of literature on art history topics.
• Exchange of experience of curators.
• Development of the infrastructure of small towns and even villages.

What information should a business plan contain?

Summary of business plan for opening a museum from scratch

This project is a plan to create a private enterprise to organize a museum in 24 months. First of all, we will list the key points of the process of creating a business plan for starting a private museum business plan from scratch.

First of all, the Idea of ​​the project arises, and the Goals of the project, such as:

1. Building an enterprise with high .
2. in a legal way, indicating the legal address, passport data of the head and founder of the project, data on employees.
3. Satisfying consumer demand to fill a niche in the art market in Russia.
4. Search and conclusion of contracts with investors.
5. Project cost: 3,690,000 rubles.
6. Financing of the project: It is carried out by obtaining a commercial loan in the amount of 3,690,000 rubles.
7. Payback period: 2 years.
8. The investor's income will be 237,385.22 rubles.
9. Interest payments on the loan begin from the first month of the implementation of this project.
10. The repayment of borrowed funds starts from the first month of the project implementation. This circumstance is introduced in this business plan to simplify the understanding of the structure for calculating the discounting flow and regulating the cash flow.
11. The mortgaged interest rate on borrowed funds is 14%. It should be borne in mind that banks are currently revising the rate of interest for investment projects downward.
12. The total amount of accrued interest will be 237,385.22 rubles.
13. The payback period from the beginning of the project is 8 months.
14. The payback period, taking into account discounting, is 2 years.
15. The total economic effect from the implementation of the project for the conditional life cycle is 73,783,840.85 rubles.

Project stages

Project stages	Execution conditions	Deadlines
Project start		1.5-2 years
Conclusion of an investment agreement	1 month project	1 -30 banking days
Getting a loan	Availability corresponding package of documents	30 calendar days
Entering into the state register, registration with administrative and tax authorities	Conclusion investment agreements	30 calendar days
Location selection and documentation	preliminary	30 calendar days
Purchase of exposition items (conclusion of contracts for the exposition)	preliminary	30 calendar days
Purchase of equipment	Conclusion investment agreements	1-30 calendar days
Equipment installation	Receipt investment	1-30 calendar days
Hiring	Production activity	1-30 calendar days
Training	End of the stage of organization of the production process	1-30 calendar days
Carrying out a marketing campaign	360 calendar days	1-360 calendar days
End of the project		12 months - 24 months

Algorithms of action prescribed in the business plan

The business plan contains the following algorithms of actions for starting a business:

1. Ways and methods of analyzing the target audience, drawing up a portrait of the ideal client, his level of solvency.
2. Registration of business in state supervisory and tax authorities.
3. Hiring qualified employees who are able to fulfill the wishes of the client and be ready to work. Another item of expenditure is the hiring of employees. Specialists will fill vacant positions on a competitive basis, being employees of a general, service and temporary nature with decent competitive pay. Candidates for positions will be considered within 30 calendar days.
4. Services provided by the enterprise.
5. Choice of business format.

Museum business plan: step by step guide

In private collections, exhibits collected from private collections are most often shown. According to the Association of Private Museums, many private museums have grown into serious organizations from the combined collections that were part of the expositions of various large projects. Sometimes the premises are required for interactive museums to attract more visitors and monetary returns.

According to the current legislation of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to register a museum as a form of private property and pay a single tax on activities. The main advantage of this type of entrepreneurial activity is the fact that the purchase and registration of a license is not required to open a museum.

Entrance to a private museum can be voluntary, but it is worth setting a lower limit of, for example, 50 rubles. The sale of souvenir and information products on electronic media is also taxed.

Additional profit can be obtained by renting out the museum premises for excursions, master classes and entertainment events. Expensive rent will pay off only if there are a lot of visitors and they come constantly, therefore, in order to open a private museum in your city, you must also enlist the support of travel agencies and tour operators - a visit to your project included in a ready-made tour in the cities of the Russian Federation for foreign tourists or residents of our country, will bring income to both the travel agency and your museum.

The main difference between a private museum and a state one is ownership rights and the presence of a charter. A cultural institution that has a documented museum fund and a plan can formally be considered a state institution. further development. The advantage of this kind of activity is the ability to put your institution on the balance sheet of the municipality, city.

If the museum institution is completely private, then the owner will have to bear all the costs himself. You can register as individual, as well as the company. There is no need to report to the departments, and all the exhibits are in private collections, in other words, belong to the owners. At the same time, some exhibits can be shown at thematic events (for example, the “Museum of Little Stories” and “Drum House”) sometimes the space itself becomes a museum - such as the White Tower in Yekaterinburg.

Today, during the change of generations, private museums and unusual spaces will become interesting for different age groups and citizens with different income levels. A modern museum is an interactive platform, a kind of creative laboratory that does not require silence and stiffness. A museum for today's client is a space in which you can take an active part: touch the exhibits, try them on, take pictures with them. A good return is shown to the museum, where you can taste certain original dishes, watch educational videos.

The relevance of opening a museum business plan

A museum opened by private collectors has every chance of becoming a brand of its city, region, country. Those private projects become part of the image of the urban space. Another difference between such projects and large state institutions is emotionality, closeness to visitors, dialogue with them.

In order for a private museum to generate a stable income, a clear planning structure for a future project is needed. The practice of existing museums shows that cheap tickets and an extensive entertainment program attract more visitors.

Advantages and disadvantages of business at the opening of the museum

1. Expensive room rental. To solve this gap, there are several ways. Sublease. So, some private museums rent out their space for 7,000 rubles per hour for burgers and other catering establishments. Any other interested company can hold a promotional action in the museum. Additional income, which will cover the cost of renting the premises, can also be brought by renting the museum premises for commercial event projects. The proceeds from lecture/concert tickets are usually split 50/50 between the organizers and participants of the event.
2. The profit of the museum is directly curled from the income of the target audience and the interest rate on rent, which can be legally reduced. Selling tickets shows great returns in the very premises of the museum. About 3% of visitors buy e-tickets and a little more than 5% of the total profit is brought by the organization of corporate parties, festivals and the sale of souvenirs. Most often, souvenirs are sold at cost and are produced/purchased to support the brand of the museum.
3. Before opening a museum in a particular city of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to carefully monitor the income of citizens - for example, if in the capital the price for entering a private museum can vary from 300 to 1500 rubles, then, for example, in Kazan, the population simply does not have such income to attend an expensive event, no matter how interesting it may be.
4. Each private museum can receive a grant from the state if it proves the viability and relevance of the project.

Modern private museums are most often self-financing, as according to the budget code, the city authorities have the right to allocate grants only for projects that are under their jurisdiction. The city authorities of many regions of the Russian Federation note that recently the tendency for the appearance of mini-private museums has increased significantly. Mayors of cities are ready to support private projects, provided that the owners provide full information about the functioning and development of start-ups and confirm their usefulness for the city.

If a private museum project belongs to a municipality, the authorities will assist in finding a safe and cheap place to rent, or help reduce interest rates on rent and utilities. The remaining projects will be supported by advertising and other means.

The process of including a private project in the museum fund may not be necessary if the project does not have artifacts. The most popular among the population today are the so-called "research centers". At the same time, the owners of private collections argue that the supply to the state register only complicates the conduct of private cultural museum activities, imposes a number of restrictions, but at the same time does not protect against negative factors arising in the country's economy.

A private museum without state registration can show a higher coefficient of mobility. A private cultural institution has the right to draw up its own action plan, which does not have to be coordinated and approved by representatives of the Ministry of Culture. The experts emphasize that small private museums can quickly respond to any significant cultural event that has taken place in the city and can quickly and efficiently make their proposals.

Services that a private museum can provide

1. Demonstration of expositions, both on the basis of a permanent nature, and mobile.
2. Organization and holding of cultural events for citizens.
3. Production and sale of photo and video materials dedicated to museum events and expositions.
4. Realization of gifts and memorable souvenirs.

The modern museum is distinguished by interactivity and the ability to dialogue with the viewer.

Estimated period of services provided by the museum business plan of the museum

Period	Name of the type of service	Sales volume per month (unit)	Price	Sales proceeds (thousand rubles)
1-12 month investment	Entrance fee	From 300 to 3,000 people	From 300 r.	From 90,000 to 900,000 rubles.
1-12 month investment	Collection of expositions, units	From 1 unit	From 10 000 rubles	From 10 000 rubles
1-12 month investment	Holding cultural- massive events,	From 12 units	From 30 000 rubles.	From 360 000 rubles.
1-12 month investment	Production and distribution of video cassettes, CD-R, DVD, souvenirs, units.	From 100,000 units	From 300 r.	From 30,000,000 rubles
13-24 months of operation	Entrance fee	From 330 to 3300 people	From 350 rubles	From 115,500 to 1,155,000 rubles.
	Collection of expositions	From 2 units	From 12 000 rubles.	From 24 000 rubles.
13-24 month functioning	Holding cultural- mass events	From 13 units	From 35000 rubles	From 455000 rubles
13-24 months of operation	Production and distribution of video cassettes, CD-R, DVD, souvenirs	From 110,000 units	From 350 rubles	From 3 8500 000 rubles.

In order to fully implement the museum project, it is necessary

1. Take out a loan in the amount of at least 3,690,000 rubles for 24 billing months with a discount rate of 14%.
2. Entering the break-even level of the enterprise will begin from the 4th billing month. During this period, the first amount of profit with the correct calculations of the entrepreneur will be 607,041.87 rubles.
3. At the end of the crediting period, the amount of profit will be 6,237,730.
4. rub. In this case, the bank's profit will amount to 237,385.22 rubles. for 24 billing periods. Monthly payments of expenses amounted to 516,770 rubles.
5. The total gross profit of the project was: 112,574,000 rubles. The profit of the project was: 73,783,840.85 rubles.

Project costs (in rubles)

Name of the item of expenditure	Price
	Quantity, pcs)	per month	in year	One-time	Total expenses in
Purchase (rent) of a building, premises	From 100	62 500	750 000	125 000	125 000
Purchase of equipment	10			508 820	508 820
Acquisition of exhibit items	From 100			1 700 000	1 700 000
Purchase of computer equipment	1			100 000	100 000
Website, hosting, purchase of necessary scripts,	1			250 000	250 000
Fixed advertising costs, including on the Internet	12	100 000	1 200 000	200 000	1 200 000
Salary	12	354 270	4 251 240		4 251 240
including taxes	12	113 270	1 359 240		1 359 240
Unexpected expenses				288 380	288 380
Total:		516 770	6 201 240	3 172 200	8 423 440

Advantages and disadvantages of opening a museum business plan project

1. The main advantage is that no licensing documentation is needed to carry out activities. Agreements and permits are needed when drawing up a lease agreement and will relate to the general requirements that are usually presented by the sanitation station and Roskomnadzor. FROM complete list such documentation can be found below.
2. A small private project is quite capable of doing without staff.
3. Owning rare objects by a startup will increase attendance, and if the project owner can afford to purchase high-quality equipment and provide the proper modern level of interactivity, then an influx of customers on weekends and during the holiday season is guaranteed.

On video: Helpful Hints start-up businessmen from the owners of the museum business

What you should pay attention to

• Rent of premises and its price, condition of structures.
• Business seasonality.
• Skills and abilities that will help in compiling a collection and providing the technological base of a cultural institution.
• The concept of establishments is the spectrum of emotions that you want to give to your customers. So, it can be spicy entertainment for a certain circle of people - a museum of torture or erotica, or an exposition for more a wide range admirers, including for teenagers and young children.
• The concept of the museum can be the simplest - for example, businessman A. Sergienko nurtured the idea of ​​the project for about a year, implemented it in a matter of months. The museum's website says that the institution has seven rooms, each of which is dedicated to a certain emotion. Installations, art objects, sound and video tracks are selected in such a way as to lead a person through certain emotional states that we most often experience or, on the contrary, lack them in Everyday life. For this, the author of the project had 200 square meters. meters.

In tourist centers, breaking even is usually easier and faster. Tourists will be able to find your museum faster if you mark it on Google maps, hire competent SEOs to develop the site and, if possible, appear in guidebooks and maps.

Documentation for opening a museum

Choice museum concept business plan

Usually, in order to open a museum, you need:

• Having your own apartment (if you are ready to open doors to numerous strangers).
• Separate premises owned or rented.
• Land in the open air.
• The actual elements of the exposure that you are going to demonstrate.

You can open a mixed museum or a mono-museum, in other words, united by one theme or dedicated to many topics that do not contradict one another.

A good return, according to experts, is given by the eclecticism of entertainment and educational components. The museum program may include a demonstration of the show, ordering color music, video materials, presentations. The owner of the museum must also take care of the timely replenishment of the collection.

Most often, private museums work in the direction of painting and art treasures - customers can purchase the works they like. This includes galleries, passages that showcase paintings, photographs and installations. Additional fees for photo and video filming will also bring a net income to the museum.

What to choose to start: a virtual or a regular museum?

Parameter	Virtual Museum	regular museum
Creation cost	From several hundred thousand dollars	From several million dollars
Terms of museum creation, months	From several months	From several years
Number of museum visitors per day	Several hundred to several thousand visitors	From several tens to several hundreds of visitors
Number of museum visitors per year	Several hundred thousand to several million visitors	From several tens of thousands to several hundred thousand
Geography and coverage visitors	From any country in the world	Basically from this locality
Museum area, sq.m.	From several square meters	From several hundred square meters
Museum payback period, months	A few months	Some years
Advertising opportunities of the museum	Live update at any time	Updating ads takes time
Location	In any country, in any city	Economically feasible only in the capitals of countries, or in large cities
Language support museum visitors	The number of supported languages ​​is unlimited	As a rule, no more than 6-7 languages
Number of museum exhibits	Not limited	No more than a few thousand
Efficiency in learning new museum exhibits	Anytime	There are restrictions
Issuance of a building permit	Not required	Required
Renovation of the museum exposition	Anytime	As a rule, according to a pre-arranged plan and traffic
Museum opening hours	24 hours a day, no lunch break, no weekends or holidays	Limited hours of work, with breaks
Museum staff	May reside in any country in the world	Live in the village where the museum is located
Remote work in the museum	Possible and welcome	Extremely limited
Museum fame	World fame	Limited
Museum promotion costs	The virtual museum, in itself, is already an advertisement	Promotion costs required
Legal formalities of creating a museum	Minimum	Requires time, effort, knowledge and money
Export of museum exhibits abroad for demonstration	No restrictions
Re-registration of ownership of the museum	Minimum formalities	Formalities required
The cost of creating a branch of the museum	no cost and no investment required	Compliance with formalities and financial investments is required
Prospects for the development of the museum	Unlimited	Depend on many indicators and have a number of limitations

How to open a private museum business plan in your city

In order to launch a museum project in your region, you need to conduct market research and monitor the activities of your direct and indirect competitors.

Registration of an enterprise can be carried out in the form of an LLC, an individual entrepreneur or a non-profit association. A non-profit association is chosen by those businessmen who subsequently want to achieve the acquisition of a national cultural status and receive financial support from the state in the form of subsidies. Coordination with the Ministry of Culture is mandatory if the exposition will involve archaeological finds and exhibits of great material value. The premises are rented for their intended purpose, the lease of a land plot is necessary for a period of 20 years or more, therefore, to organize such a museum format, it is better to purchase a land plot in permanent ownership.

In order to save money, closed exhibitions are sometimes organized at production sites that can no longer be used for production (these are the territories of factories, workshops, etc.), but you should take care of the safety of customers.

Additional expenses

• Purchase and installation of fire and security systems.
• Glass or plexiglass shelving.
• Showcases.
• fasteners.
• Furniture for the convenience of customers (sofas, tables, chairs, armchairs).
• Quality lighting.
• Microclimate and ventilation system.
• If you plan to open an interactive exhibition, you will need expensive equipment.
• The items of expenditure will include the purchase of screens, audio systems, computer panels and much more.

Main taxes paid

An additional income for an entrepreneur can be brought by the launch of catering at the museum - for example, the “Apartment of Time” project offers not only a visit to the exposition - an apartment completely stylized for a certain Soviet period, but also to try dishes that are fully consistent with the era and prepared in accordance with the technological maps of that time, in other words, the chefs of the museum-restaurant use information from the Book of Tasty and Healthy Food, which was published in 1952.

You can spend a romantic evening, a wedding, a corporate party or a birthday in the museum. It is also good to focus museums on the connection of generations and strengthening family values. So, the Museum of Soviet Slot Machines can serve as an example - children of 2000 are used to playing on smartphones, tablets and other gadgets, and when they see their parents' excitement, they begin to understand that their parents are not as backward as some children sometimes think. At the same time, not all teenagers can understand the rather simple mechanics of Soviet-era machine guns, and here parents already have to explain to their children the intricacies of control.

"The creation of a museum is necessary so that the younger generation has the opportunity to form a purpose in life, ethical images of the present and future, and the ability of high-quality scientific and engineering thinking", - noted the authors of the concept of the museum dedicated to the life and work of the Strugatsky brothers.

In order for both staff and visitors to feel comfortable, the owner of a private museum needs to take care of the interior and exterior decoration of the premises. The design should not only meet the basic safety requirements, but also be interesting to customers - as topics. Who came as part of an excursion group, and when visiting independently.

According to preliminary estimates of experts, the format of the museum in the form of a scientific and entertainment center also satisfies the population's need for educational and entertainment services. In such centers, the client can participate in experiments, observe rare phenomena, or even conduct a series of experiments on his own.

This format of the museum has two features.

Firstly, most often the exhibits are made by hand, and this incurs additional serious costs, and secondly, it is necessary to find a reliable investor and a favorable location.

In order to choose an effective, profitable and capable of living and developing further the concept of the museum, it is necessary to first analyze the fullness of the market of a particular region of the Russian Federation.

Components of marketing research

1. Analysis of the problems of the target audience and the study of its composition
2. Determining the composition of the future exposition and the format of the exhibits, their size, color, shape, performance material, the quantitative composition of the placement of exhibits in a particular territory.
3. Exposition interior design.
4. The owner of the museum will receive additional income from the creation of a separate area for master classes for children/teenagers.

Staff

It is better if they are people with work experience, or young professionals - teachers, guides and animators. Some museums are aimed at career guidance, and this should also be taken into account when selecting staff. Employees in the regular mode must be registered in accordance with all legal norms, however, at the start of the project, volunteers can be hired who will gain experience for a small fee and without issuing work books.

Without knowledge of the past, it is sometimes difficult to build prospects for the future. Therefore, if the enterprise appreciates and honors its history of development, then the entire team of the company deserves great respect. The idea of ​​creating a museum and its further implementation into reality will help to preserve the history of the enterprise, as well as reflect its real activities. As a rule, it is advisable to organize a museum of an enterprise on the territory of the institution or not far from the central office of the company. The corporate museum can serve as an excellent place for conducting excursion programs for employees, interns, students, and any third parties who are interested in the history and type of activity of the enterprise. In addition, such a museum can become an excellent place for meetings with guests and partners of the company, for negotiations, for presenting awards to distinguished employees, a meeting place for former employees, etc. The enterprise museum is a place that influences the culture and development of the team, taking into account its traditions and historical values.

It is very important that the museum of the enterprise gradually reflects the main historical milestones in the development of the company and gives a clear idea of ​​its activities. The theme of the corporate museum should be presented in such a way that it is understandable and interesting to visitors of all ages and professions. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to correctly and competently define the main concept of the museum and attract maximum amount experts on the history of the enterprise, its main achievements, etc.

Today, interactive museums are very popular. They allow visitors to not only receive useful information from the guide, but also to interact with the presented exhibits. An interactive corporate museum can become a kind of hallmark not only of an enterprise, but also of a city, if it is made open and accessible to its residents and guests.

It should be borne in mind that the organization of a new museum is a long and painstaking work of many specialists. Former employees of the company, specialists in specific subject areas, fellow architects and designers, as well as sponsors of the company can help in creating the museum of the enterprise.

To create a museum, as a rule, you have to work continuously for many years, because history does not stand still. It is important not just to create a museum, the main thing is to maintain and develop it, reflecting all the important facts from the life of the company at the present stage of development. Otherwise, the relevance of the corporate museum will very quickly decline and lose the interest of visitors.

Keywords: About museums of enterprises, to preserve the history of the enterprise, the museum of the enterprise, the concept of the museum, interactive museums, the organization of a new museum, important facts from the life of the company, the relevance of the corporate museum