First, the Provisional Government agrees to fulfill all conditions. But already on March 8, 1917, General Mikhail Alekseev informs the tsar that he "may consider himself, as it were, under arrest." After some time, from London, which had previously agreed to accept the Romanov family, a notification of refusal comes. On March 21, former Emperor Nicholas II and his entire family were officially taken into custody.

A little more than a year later, on July 17, 1918, the last royal family Russian Empire will be shot in a cramped basement in Yekaterinburg. The Romanovs were subjected to hardships, getting closer and closer to their gloomy finale. Let's look at rare photos members of the latter royal family Russia, made some time before the execution.

After the February Revolution of 1917, the last royal family Russia, by decision of the Provisional Government, was sent to the Siberian city of Tobolsk to protect it from the wrath of the people. A few months earlier, Tsar Nicholas II had abdicated, bringing to an end more than three hundred years of the Romanov dynasty.

The Romanovs began their five-day journey to Siberia in August, on the eve of Tsarevich Alexei's 13th birthday. The seven members of the family were joined by 46 servants and a military escort. The day before reaching their destination, the Romanovs sailed by native village Rasputin, whose eccentric influence on politics could have contributed to their gloomy end.

The family arrived in Tobolsk on August 19 and began living in relative comfort on the banks of the Irtysh River. In the Governor's Palace, where they were placed, the Romanovs were well fed, and they could communicate a lot with each other, without being distracted by state affairs and official events. The children put on plays for their parents, and the family often went to the city for religious services - this was the only form of freedom allowed to them.

When the Bolsheviks came to power at the end of 1917, the regime of the royal family slowly but surely began to tighten. The Romanovs were forbidden to visit the church and generally leave the territory of the mansion. Soon coffee, sugar, butter and cream disappeared from their kitchen, and the soldiers assigned to protect them wrote obscene and offensive words on the walls and fences of their dwelling.

Things went from bad to worse. In April 1918, a commissar, a certain Yakovlev, arrived with an order to transport the former tsar from Tobolsk. The empress was adamant in her desire to accompany her husband, but Comrade Yakovlev had other orders that complicated everything. At this time, Tsarevich Alexei, suffering from hemophilia, began to suffer from paralysis of both legs due to a bruise, and everyone expected that he would be left in Tobolsk, and the family would be divided during the war.

The commissar's demands for the move were adamant, so Nikolai, his wife Alexandra and one of their daughters, Maria, soon left Tobolsk. They eventually boarded a train to travel via Yekaterinburg to Moscow, where the headquarters of the Red Army was located. However, Commissar Yakovlev was arrested for trying to save the royal family, and the Romanovs got off the train in Yekaterinburg, in the heart of the territory captured by the Bolsheviks.

In Yekaterinburg, the rest of the children joined their parents - they were all locked in the Ipatiev house. The family was placed on the second floor and completely cut off from outside world boarding up the windows and posting guards at the doors. The Romanovs were allowed to go out into the fresh air for only five minutes a day.

In early July 1918, the Soviet authorities began to prepare for the execution of the royal family. Ordinary soldiers on guard were replaced by representatives of the Cheka, and the Romanovs were allowed to go to worship for the last time. The priest who conducted the service later admitted that none of the family spoke a word during the service. For July 16 - the day of the murder - five truckloads of barrels of benzidine and acid were ordered to quickly dispose of the bodies.

Early in the morning of July 17, the Romanovs were gathered and told about the advance of the White Army. The family believed that they were simply being transferred to a small lighted basement for their own protection, because soon it would not be safe here. Approaching the place of execution, the last tsar of Russia passed by trucks, one of which will soon contain his body, not even suspecting what a terrible fate awaits his wife and children.

In the basement, Nikolai was told that he was about to be executed. Not believing his own ears, he asked again: "What?" - immediately after which the Chekist Yakov Yurovsky shot the tsar. Another 11 people pulled their triggers, flooding the basement with the blood of the Romanovs. Aleksey survived after the first shot, but Yurovsky's second shot finished him off. The next day, the bodies of members of the last royal family of Russia were burned 19 km from Yekaterinburg, in the village of Koptyaki.

Yekaterinburg. At the place of execution of the royal family. Holy Quarter June 16th, 2016

Immediately behind you can not miss this high temple and a number of other temple buildings. This is the Holy Quarter. By the will of fate, three streets bearing the names of revolutionaries are limited. Let's go to him.

On the way - a monument to the Holy Blessed Peter and Fevronia of Murom. Installed in 2012.

The Church-on-the-Blood was built in 2000-2003. on the spot where on the night of July 16 to July 17, 1918, the last Russian Emperor Nicholas II and his family were shot. At the entrance to the temple, their photographs.

In 1917, after the February Revolution and abdication, the former Russian Emperor Nicholas II and his family were exiled to Tobolsk by decision of the Provisional Government.

After the Bolsheviks came to power and began civil war, in April 1918, permission was received from the Presidium (VTsIK) of the fourth convocation to transfer the Romanovs to Yekaterinburg, in order to deliver them from there to Moscow in order to conduct a trial of them.

In Yekaterinburg, a large stone mansion, confiscated from the engineer Nikolai Ipatiev, was chosen as the place of imprisonment for Nicholas II and his family. On the night of July 17, 1918, in the basement of this house, Emperor Nicholas II, along with his wife Alexandra Feodorovna, children and close associates, were shot, and after that their bodies were taken to the abandoned Ganina Yama mine.

September 22, 1977 on the recommendation of the chairman of the KGB Yu.V. Andropov and the instructions of B.N. Yeltsin's Ipatiev house was destroyed. Later, Yeltsin would write in his memoirs: "...sooner or later we will all be ashamed of this barbarity. We will be ashamed, but we won't be able to fix anything...".

When designing, the plan of the future temple was superimposed on the plan of the demolished Ipatiev house in such a way as to create an analogue of the room where the Tsar's family was shot. At the lower level of the temple, a symbolic place for this execution was envisaged. In fact, the place of execution of the royal family is outside the temple in the area of ​​​​the carriageway of Karl Liebknecht Street.

The temple is a five-domed structure with a height of 60 meters and a total area of ​​3000 m². The architecture of the building is designed in the Russian-Byzantine style. The vast majority of churches were built in this style during the reign of Nicholas II.

The cross in the center is part of the monument to the royal family descending into the basement before being shot.

Adjacent to the Church-on-the-Blood is the Church in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker with the spiritual and educational center "Patriarchal Compound" and the museum of the royal family.

Behind them you can see the Church of the Ascension of the Lord (1782-1818).

And in front of him is the Kharitonov-Rastorguev estate of the early 19th century (architect Malakhov), which became Soviet years Palace of Pioneers. Now - the City Palace of Creativity for Children and Youth "Giftedness and Technology".

What else is in the vicinity. This is the Gazprom Tower, which has been under construction since 1976 as the Tourist Hotel.

The former office of the now defunct airline Transaero.

Between them - buildings of the middle of the last century.

Residential house-monument of 1935. Built for Workers railway. Very beautiful! Athletes' Street, on which the building is located, has been gradually built up since the 1960s, as a result, by 2010 it was completely lost. This residential building is the only building listed on a virtually non-existent street, the house has number 30.

Well, now we are going to the Gazprom tower - an interesting street begins from there.

The commandant of the House of Special Purpose, Yakov Yurovsky, was entrusted with the execution of the members of the family of the former emperor. It was from his manuscripts that it was subsequently possible to restore terrible picture that unfolded that night in the Ipatiev House.

According to the documents, the execution order was delivered to the place of execution at half past one in the night. Forty minutes later, the entire Romanov family and their servants were brought to the basement. “The room was very small. Nikolai stood with his back to me, - he recalled. —

I announced that the Executive Committee of the Soviets of Workers', Peasants' and Soldiers' Deputies of the Urals had decided to shoot them. Nicholas turned and asked. I repeated the order and commanded: "Shoot." I shot first and killed Nikolai on the spot.

The emperor was killed the first time - unlike his daughters. The commander in charge of the execution of the royal family later wrote that the girls were literally “booked in bras from a continuous mass of large diamonds,” so the bullets bounced off them without causing harm. Even with the help of a bayonet, it was not possible to break through the “precious” bodice of the girls.

Photo report: 100 years since the execution of the royal family

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“For a long time I could not stop this shooting, which had taken on a careless character. But when I finally managed to stop, I saw that many were still alive. ... I was forced to shoot everyone in turn, ”wrote Yurovsky.

That night, even the royal dogs could not survive - together with the Romanovs, two of the three pets belonging to the emperor's children were killed in the Ipatiev House. The corpse of Grand Duchess Anastasia's spaniel, preserved in the cold, was found a year later at the bottom of a mine in Ganina Yama - the dog's paw was broken and its head was pierced.

Belonging to Grand Duchess Tatiana french bulldog Ortino was also brutally murdered - presumably hanged.

Miraculously, only Tsarevich Alexei's spaniel named Joy was saved, who was then sent to recover from what he had experienced in England to the cousin of Nicholas II - King George.

The place "where the people put an end to the monarchy"

After the execution, all the bodies were loaded into one truck and sent to the abandoned mines of Ganina Yama in the Sverdlovsk region. There, at first, they tried to burn them, but the fire would have been huge for everyone, so it was decided to simply dump the bodies into the shaft of the mine and throw them with branches.

However, it was not possible to hide what had happened - the very next day, rumors spread around the region about what had happened at night. As one of the members of the firing squad, forced to return to the site of the failed burial, later admitted, ice water washed away all the blood and froze the bodies of the dead so that they looked like they were alive.

The Bolsheviks tried to approach the organization of the second burial attempt with great attention: the area was first cordoned off, the bodies were again loaded onto a truck, which was supposed to transport them to a more secure place. However, even here they were in for a failure: after a few meters of the way, the truck was firmly stuck in the swamps of the Porosenkov Log.

Plans had to be changed on the fly. Some of the bodies were buried right under the road, the rest were filled with sulfuric acid and buried a little further away, covered with sleepers from above. These cover-up measures proved to be more effective. After Yekaterinburg was occupied by Kolchak's army, he immediately gave the order to find the bodies of the dead.

However, the forensic investigator Nikolai y, who arrived at Porosenkov log, managed to find only fragments of burnt clothes and a cut off female finger. “This is all that remains of the August Family,” Sokolov wrote in his report.

There is a version that the poet Vladimir Mayakovsky was one of the first to know about the place where, in his words, "the people put an end to the monarchy." It is known that in 1928 he visited Sverdlovsk, having previously met with Pyotr Voikov, one of the organizers of the execution of the royal family, who could tell him secret information.

After this trip, Mayakovsky wrote the poem "Emperor", in which there are lines with a rather accurate description"The graves of the Romanovs": "Here the cedar was touched with an ax, notches under the root of the bark, at the root under the cedar there is a road, and the emperor is buried in it."

Confession of execution

At first, the new Russian government tried with all its might to assure the West of its humanity in relation to the royal family: they are all alive and in a secret place in order to prevent the implementation of the White Guard conspiracy. Many high-ranking politicians of the young state tried to avoid answering or answered very vaguely.

So, the People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs at the Genoa Conference of 1922 told reporters: “The fate of the daughters of the king is not known to me. I read in the papers that they were in America."

Pyotr Voikov, answering this question in a more informal setting, cut off all further inquiries with the phrase: "The world will never know what we did to the royal family."

Only after the publication of the investigation materials of Nikolai Sokolov, which gave a vague idea of ​​the massacre of the imperial family, did the Bolsheviks have to admit at least the very fact of the execution. However, the details and information about the burial still remained a mystery, shrouded in darkness in the basement of the Ipatiev House.

Occult version

It is not surprising that a lot of falsifications and myths appeared regarding the execution of the Romanovs. The most popular of them was a rumor about a ritual murder and about the severed head of Nicholas II, which was allegedly taken away for storage by the NKVD. This, in particular, is evidenced by the testimony of General Maurice Janin, who oversaw the investigation of the execution from the Entente.

Supporters of the ritual nature of the murder of the imperial family have several arguments. First of all, attention is drawn to the symbolic name of the house in which everything happened: in March 1613, who laid the foundation for the dynasty, he ascended the kingdom in the Ipatiev Monastery near Kostroma. And after 305 years, in 1918, the last Russian Tsar Nikolai Romanov was shot in the Ipatiev House in the Urals, requisitioned by the Bolsheviks specifically for this.

Later, engineer Ipatiev explained that he bought the house six months before the events unfolding in it. There is an opinion that this purchase was made on purpose to give symbolism to the gloomy murder, since Ipatiev communicated quite closely with one of the organizers of the execution, Pyotr Voikov.

Lieutenant General Mikhail Diterikhs, who investigated the murder of the royal family on behalf of Kolchak, concluded in his conclusion: “It was a systematic, premeditated and prepared extermination of the members of the Romanov House and those who were exceptionally close to them in spirit and beliefs.

The direct line of the Romanov Dynasty ended: it began in the Ipatiev Monastery in the Kostroma province and ended in the Ipatiev House in the city of Yekaterinburg.

Conspiracy theorists also drew attention to the connection between the murder of Nicholas II and the Chaldean ruler of Babylon, King Belshazzar. So, some time after the execution in the Ipatiev House, lines from Heine's ballad dedicated to Belshazzar were discovered: "Belzatsar was killed that night by his servants." Now a piece of wallpaper with this inscription is stored in State Archive RF.

According to the Bible, Belshazzar, like him, was the last king of his kind. During one of the celebrations in his castle, mysterious words appeared on the wall, predicting his imminent death. That same night, the biblical king was killed.

Prosecutorial and ecclesiastical investigation

The remains of the royal family were officially found only in 1991 - then nine bodies were discovered buried in the Piglet Meadow. Nine years later, the missing two bodies were discovered - severely burned and mutilated remains, presumably belonging to Tsarevich Alexei and Grand Duchess Maria.

Together with specialized centers in the UK and the USA, she conducted many examinations, including molecular genetics. With its help, DNA isolated from the found remains was deciphered and compared, and samples of the brother of Nicholas II Georgy Alexandrovich, as well as his nephew, the son of Olga's sister Tikhon Nikolaevich Kulikovsky-Romanov.

The examination also compared the results with the blood on the king's shirt, stored in. All researchers agreed that the found remains really belong to the Romanov family, as well as their servants.

However, the Russian Orthodox Church still refuses to recognize the remains found near Yekaterinburg as authentic. According to officials, this was due to the fact that the church was not initially involved in the investigation. In this regard, the patriarch did not even come to the official burial of the remains of the royal family, which took place in 1998 in the Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg.

After 2015, the study of the remains (which had to be exhumed for this) continues with the participation of a commission formed by the patriarchate. According to the latest conclusions of experts, published on July 16, 2018, complex molecular genetic examinations “confirmed that the discovered remains belong to the former Emperor Nicholas II, members of his family and people from their entourage.”

The lawyer of the imperial house, German Lukyanov, said that the church commission would take into account the results of the examination, but the final decision would be announced at the Bishops' Council.

The canonization of the martyrs

Despite the unceasing disputes over the remains, back in 1981 the Romanovs were canonized as martyrs of the Russian Orthodox Church abroad. In Russia, this happened only eight years later, since from 1918 to 1989 the tradition of canonization was interrupted. In 2000, the murdered members of the royal family were given a special church rank - passion-bearers.

As the scientific secretary of the St. Philaret Orthodox Christian Institute, church historian Yulia Balakshina told Gazeta.Ru, the martyrs are a special rite of holiness, which some call the discovery of the Russian Orthodox Church.

“The first Russian saints were also canonized precisely as passion-bearers, that is, people who humbly, imitating Christ, accepted their death. Boris and Gleb - from the hands of their brother, and Nicholas II and his family - from the hands of the revolutionaries, ”Balakshina explained.

According to the church historian, it was very difficult to rank the Romanovs among the saints in fact of life - the family of rulers was not distinguished by pious and virtuous deeds.

It took six years to complete all the documents. “In fact, there are no terms for canonization in the Russian Orthodox Church. Nevertheless, disputes about the timeliness and necessity of the canonization of Nicholas II and his family are ongoing to this day. The main argument of the opponents is that by transferring the innocently murdered Romanovs to the level of celestials, the Russian Orthodox Church deprived them of elementary human compassion, ”said the church historian.

There were also attempts to canonize the rulers in the West, Balakshina added: “At one time, the brother and direct heir of the Scottish Queen Mary Stuart turned to such a request, citing the fact that at the hour of her death she demonstrated great generosity and commitment to faith. But she is still not ready to positively resolve this issue, referring to the facts from the life of the ruler, according to which she was involved in the murder and accused of adultery.

One of the most interesting historical topics for me is the high-profile murders of famous personalities. In almost all these murders and the investigations that were then carried out, there are many incomprehensible, contradictory facts. Often the killer was not found, or only the perpetrator, the scapegoat, was found. Main characters, the motives and circumstances of these crimes remained behind the scenes and made it possible for historians to put forward hundreds of different hypotheses, constantly interpret known evidence in a new and different way and write interesting books which I love so much.

In the execution of the royal family in Yekaterinburg on the night of July 16-17, 1918, there are more secrets and inconsistencies than the years of the regime, which approved this execution and then carefully concealed its details. In this article, I will only give a few facts that prove that Nicholas II was not killed on that summer day. Although, I assure you, there are many more of them and still many professional historians do not agree with official statement that the remains of the entire royal family were found, identified and buried.

I will very briefly remind you of the circumstances as a result of which Nicholas II and his family found themselves under the rule of the Bolsheviks and under the threat of execution. For the third year in a row, Russia was drawn into the war, the economy was in decline, popular anger was fueled by scandals related to the tricks of Rasputin and German origin the emperor's wife. Unrest begins in Petrograd.

Nicholas II at that time was going to Tsarskoe Selo, because of the riots, he was forced to make a detour through the Dno station and Pskov. It is in Pskov that the tsar receives telegrams with requests from the commanders-in-chief to abdicate and signs two manifestos that legitimize his abdication. After this turning point for the empire and his own event, Nikolai lives for some time under the protection of the Provisional Government, then falls into the hands of the Bolsheviks and dies in the basement of the Ipatiev house in July 1918 ... Or not? Let's look at the facts.

Fact number 1. Contradictory, and in some places simply fabulous testimonies of the participants in the execution.

For example, the commandant of the Ipatiev house and the leader of the execution, Ya.M. Yurovsky, in his note, compiled for the historian Pokrovsky, claims that during the execution, the bullets ricocheted off the victims and flew around the room in a hail, as the women sewed precious stones into their corsages. How many stones are needed for the corsage to provide the same protection as cast chain mail ?!

Another alleged participant in the execution, M.A. Medvedev, recalled not only a hail of ricochets, but also stone pillars that had come from nowhere in a room in the basement, as well as a powder fog, because of which the executioners almost shot each other! And this, given that smokeless powder was invented more than thirty years before the events described.

Another killer, Pyotr Ermakov, argued that he single-handedly shot all the Romanovs and their servants.

The same room in the Ipatiev house, where, according to both the Bolsheviks and the chief White Guard investigators, the family of Nikolai Aleksandrovich Romanov was shot. It is quite possible that completely different people were shot here. More on this in future articles.

Fact number 2. There is a lot of evidence that the whole family of Nicholas II or one of its members were alive after the day of execution.

The railway conductor Samoilov, who lived in the apartment of one of the tsar's guards, Alexander Varakushev, assured the White Guards interrogating him that Nicholas II and his wife were alive on the morning of July 17. Varakushev convinced Samoilov that he saw them after the "execution" at the railway station. Samoilov himself saw only a mysterious car, the windows of which were painted over with black paint.

There are documented testimonies of Captain Malinovsky, and several other witnesses who heard from the Bolsheviks themselves (in particular from Commissar Goloshchekin) that only the tsar was shot, the rest of the family was simply taken out (most likely to Perm).

The same "Anastasia", which had a striking resemblance to one of the daughters of Nicholas II. It is worth noting, however, that there were many facts indicating that she was an impostor, for example, she knew almost no Russian.

There is a lot of evidence that Anastasia, one of the Grand Duchesses, escaped execution, managed to escape from prison and ended up in Germany. For example, the children of the court physician Botkin recognized her. She knew many details from the life of the imperial family, which were later confirmed. And most importantly, an examination was carried out and the similarity of the structure of her auricle with the shell of Anastasia was established (after all, photographs and even videotapes depicting this daughter of Nikolai were preserved) in 17 parameters (according to German law, only 12 are enough).

The whole world (at least the world of historians) knows about the note of the grandmother of the Prince of Anjou, which was made public only after her death. In it, she claimed that she was Mary, the daughter of the last Russian emperor, and that the death of the royal family was an invention of the Bolsheviks. Nicholas II accepted certain conditions of his enemies and saved the family (although later it was separated). The story of the grandmother of the Prince of Anjou is confirmed by documents from the archives of the Vatican and Germany.

Fact number 3. The king's life was more profitable than death.

One side, populace they demanded the execution of the tsar and, as you know, the Bolsheviks did not hesitate much with executions. But the execution of the royal family is not an execution, it is necessary to sentence to execution, to hold a trial. Here there was a murder without trial (at least formal, indicative) and investigation. And even if the former autocrat was still killed, why didn’t they show the corpse, didn’t prove to the people that they fulfilled his desire.

On the one hand, why should the Reds leave Nicholas II alive, he can become the banner of the counter-revolution. On the other hand, the dead are also of little use. And he could, for example, be exchanged alive for freedom for the German communist Karl Liebknecht (according to one version, the Bolsheviks did just that). There is also a version that the Germans, without whom at that time the communists would have had a very hard time, needed the signature of the former tsar on the Brest Treaty and his life as a guarantee of the fulfillment of the contract. They wanted to secure themselves in case the Bolsheviks did not hold on to power.

Also, do not forget that Wilhelm II was the cousin of Nicholas. It is hard to imagine that after almost four years of war, the German Kaiser had some kind of warm feelings towards the Russian Tsar. But some researchers believe that it was the Kaiser who saved the crowned family, since he did not want the death of his relatives, even if they were yesterday's enemies.

Nicholas II with his children. I would like to believe that they all survived that terrible summer night.

I don’t know if this article could convince anyone that the last Russian emperor was not killed in July 1918. But, I hope that many had doubts about this, which prompted them to dig deeper, to consider other evidence that contradicts the official version. Much more evidence suggests that official version about the death of Nicholas II you can find false, for example, in the book of L.M. Sonin "The mystery of the death of the royal family". Most of the material for this article I took from this book.

The question "Who shot the royal family?" in itself is immoral and can only interest lovers of "fried" and fans of conspiracy theories. For example, the Russian Orthodox Church was only interested in the identification of the remains, which is why the canonization of the royal family was carried out only in 2000 (19 years later than in the Russian Orthodox Church abroad), and all its members are numbered among the New Martyrs of Russia. At the same time, the question of who gave the order and was the executor of the execution is not exaggerated in church circles. In addition, up to today there is no exact list of persons of the "firing" team. In the twenties and thirties of the last century, many people involved in this act of vandalism vied with each other to boast about their participation (like the anecdotal associates of V.I. Lenin, who helped him drag the log on the first subbotnik) and wrote memoirs about it. However, almost all of them were shot during the Yezhov purges of 1936-1938.

Today, almost everyone who recognizes the execution of the royal family believes that the basement of the Ipatiev House in Yekaterinburg was the place of execution. According to most historians, the following people were directly involved in the execution:

• member of the collegium of the Ural Regional Extraordinary Commission Ya.M. Yurovsky;
• head of the "Flying Squad" of the Ural Cheka G.P. Nikulin;
• Commissioner M.A. Medvedev;
• Ural security officer, head of the guard service P.Z. Ermakov;
• Vaganov S.P., Kabanov A.G., Medvedev P.S., Netrebin V.N., Tselms Ya.M. are considered ordinary participants in the execution.

As can be seen from the above list, there was no dominance of “Jewish Masons” or Balts (Latvian shooters) in the firing squad. Some researchers also question the number of people directly involved in the execution. The execution cellar had dimensions of 5 × 6 meters, and such a number of executioners simply would not have fit there.

Speaking about who from the top leadership gave the order for the execution, it can be said with confidence that neither V.I. Lenin and L.D. Trotsky did not know about the upcoming execution. Moreover, in early July, Lenin ordered the transfer of the entire royal family to Moscow, where it was supposed to organize a demonstrative people's trial of Nicholas II, and the “fiery tribune” L.D. Trotsky. The question of what Ya.M. knew about the upcoming execution. Sverdlov, also debatable, but not indisputable. The fact that the order was given by I.V. Stalin, let it be on the conscience of the democrats of the times of perestroika and glasnost. In those years, Joseph Stalin was not a prominent figure in the top of the Bolsheviks and most of the time he was absent from Moscow, being at the fronts.

At one time, rumors started by Ya.M. Yurovsky, that one of the participants in the execution was brought to Moscow to be shown to V.I. To Lenin and L.D. Trotsky, the alcoholized head of the last emperor. And only the burial found and the genetic examinations carried out dispelled this heresy.

According to the "Jewish" version, the immediate leader and main executor was Yakov Mikhailovich Yurovsky (Yankel Khaimovich Yurovsky). The "execution" team consisted mainly of foreigners: according to one version - Latvians, according to another - Chinese. Moreover, the execution itself was organized as a ritual action. A rabbi was invited to it, who was responsible for the religious correctness of the ceremony. The walls of the execution cellar were painted with Kabbalistic signs. However, after, on the orders of the First Secretary of the Sverdlovsk Regional Party Committee B.N. Yeltsin, the house of special maintenance (Ipatiev House) was demolished in 1977, you can invent and invent anything.

In all these theories, it is not clear why the relatives of Emperor Nicholas II - neither "cousin" Willy (the German Kaiser Wilhelm II), nor the King of England, cousin of the Russian autocrat George V - insisted to the Provisional Government on granting political asylum to the royal family. And here there are many conspiracy theories why neither the Entente, nor Germany and Austria-Hungary needed the Romanov dynasty. However, this is a topic for a separate study.

In addition, there is a group of historians-researchers of the question "Who shot the royal family?", who believe that there was no execution, but only its imitation. And no genetic examinations and skull reconstructions can convince them otherwise.