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Nicolas Poussin founder French classicism
Poussin, Nicolas Nicolas Poussin (1594, Les Andelys, Normandy - November 19, 1665, Rome) - the founder of French classicism, the famous French historical painter and landscape painter. Self-portrait, 1649 ( Picture gallery, Berlin).
Nicolas Poussin As a history painter, Poussin had a deep knowledge of drawing and a gift for composition. In the drawing, he is distinguished by strict consistency of style and correctness. The merit belongs to him that, thanks to the love for classicism, which he knew how to inspire in his compatriots, the developed French artists a taste for the pretentious and mannered. To the best historical paintings Poussin, of which a large part is kept in the Louvre Museum, in Paris, should be attributed to:
Nicolas Poussin " global flood”, “The Death of Germanicus”, “The Capture of Jerusalem”, “The Last Supper”, “Rebekah”, “The Harlot Wife”, “Moses the Child”, “Adoration of the Golden Calf”, “John the Baptist Baptizing in the Wilderness” and “The Arcadian Shepherds ".
Arcadian shepherds. (1650-1655. Louvre. Paris)
The shepherds in the picture of Poussin saw a tombstone with the Latin inscription "Et in Arcadia ego" (Latin - "And even in Arcadia there is"), which says that even the paradise region does not save from death. The inscription leads to sad reflections and at the same time causes shepherds to doubt the veracity of its meaning. The veracity is confirmed by the appearance of the Nymph, affirmatively lowering her hand on the shoulder of the incredulous shepherd.
Sleeping Venus (c. 1630, Dresden, Art Gallery)
The painting "The Kingdom of Flora" (1631, Dresden, Art Gallery), based on the poems of Ovid, strikes with the beauty of the picturesque embodiment of ancient images. This is a poetic allegory of the origin of flowers, which depicts the heroes of ancient myths turned into flowers. Kingdom of Flora (1631 Dresden, Art Gallery)
Echo and Narcissus (1628-30 Paris, Louvre)
The Imperial Hermitage possesses the 21st work of this master; of these, the most curious are: “Moses cutting water from a stone” “Esther before Artaxerxes” “The Triumph of Neptune and Amphritrite” “The Magnanimity of Scipio” “Tancred and Erminia Nicolas Poussin
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Artists of classicism NICOLAS POUSSIN The presentation was prepared by Pavlova O.V.
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Nicolas Poussin was born in 1594 in the Normandy town of Les Andelys. Already in his youth he received a good general education and then began to study painting. At the age of 18 he went to Paris, where he continued his studies under the guidance of the famous portrait painter Van Elle at that time, and then with other masters. They helped him greatly to hone his technique - visiting the Louvre, where he copied the paintings of the Italians of the Renaissance.
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During this period, Poussin gains some recognition. To further improve his skills, he went to Rome, which at that time was a Mecca for painters of all countries. Here he continued to hone his knowledge, studying the treatises of Da Vinci and Michelangelo, studying and measuring proportions in detail. antique sculptures by interacting with other artists. It was during this period that his work acquires the features of classicism, one of the pillars of which Nicolas Poussin is still considered to be.
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The artist drew inspiration from the work of classical and modern poets, in theatrical performances, in philosophical treatises, in biblical topics. But even the canonical plots allowed him to depict the reality around him, filling the canvases with impeccably executed characteristic images, landscapes and plans. Craftsmanship and already established own style brought recognition to the artist in Rome, they began to invite him to paint cathedrals, commissioned canvases for classical and historical subjects. It is to this period that the program canvas “Death of Germanicus” belongs, which brought together all the features inherent in European classicism.
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Germanicus - a courageous and valiant commander, the hope of the Romans - was poisoned by order of the suspicious and envious emperor Tiberius. The painting depicts Germanicus on his deathbed, surrounded by his family and loyal warriors. But not personal grief, but civic pathos - serving the motherland and duty - is the figurative meaning of this canvas. Germanicus, who is dying, takes an oath of allegiance and revenge from the Roman legionnaires, harsh, strong and full of dignity people. All characters arranged like a relief.
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In 1639, at the invitation of Cardinal Richelieu, Poussin came to Paris again to decorate the Louvre Gallery. A year later, Louis XIII, impressed by the talent of the artist, appoints him as his first painter. Poussin was recognized at court, they began to vying with him to order paintings for their castles and galleries.
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But the intrigues of the envious local artistic elite forced him to leave Paris again in 1642 and go to Rome. Here he lived until the end of his days, and last years life, of course, have become the most fruitful stage in ego creativity. Poussin at this time began to pay more attention to the image surrounding nature spending a lot of time drawing from nature.
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Like other paintings by the painter, these canvases harmoniously combined naturalism and idealism, throughout creative life Nicolas Poussin's works that did not leave him. The artist died in the autumn of 1665 in Rome.
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Poussin was the first French painter who adopted the tradition of the classical style of Leonardo da Vinci and Raphael. Turning to topics ancient mythology, ancient history, Bibles, Poussin revealed the themes of his contemporary era. With his works, he brought up a perfect personality, showing and singing examples of high morality, civic prowess. The clarity, constancy and orderliness of Poussin's visual techniques, the ideological and moral orientation of his art later made his work a standard for the Academy of Painting and Sculpture of France, which took up the development of aesthetic norms, formal canons and generally binding rules. artistic creativity(the so-called "academism").
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Poussin's landscapes are imbued with a sense of the grandeur and grandeur of the world. Heaping rocks, lush trees, crystal-clear lakes, cool springs flowing among stones and shady bushes are combined in a plastically whole, integral composition based on alternation spatial plans, each of which is parallel to the plane of the canvas. The restrained range of colors is usually based on a combination of cold blue and bluish tones of the sky, water and warm brownish tones of soil and rocks. Painting: Landscape with Diogenes Artist performer: Nicolas Poussin Date of completion of the painting: c.1647 Painting style: Classicism Genre of execution: Genre of performance painting Technique of execution: oil Material: canvas Dimensions of the canvas: 160 x 221 cm Gallery: Louvre, Paris, France
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Painting: Autumn (Gifts of the Promised Land) Artist performer: Nicolas Poussin Start date: 1660 Painting completion date: 1664 Painting style: Classicism Series: Seasons Genre of execution: Genre of performance painting Technique of execution: oil Material: canvas Dimensions of the canvas: 118 x 160 cm Gallery: Louvre, Paris, France
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The works of Poussin, saturated with deep thought, first of all conquer with the vital fullness of images. He was attracted by the beauty of human feelings, reflections on the fate of man, the theme of poetic creativity. Especially importance for the philosophical and artistic conception of Poussin had the theme of nature as the highest embodiment of reasonable and natural harmony.
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