An example of an essay in the direction "Loyalty and treason."

The relationship between people is one of the most extensive topics raised in Russian literature. The whole life of a person is a continuous series of various meetings and partings, awakening and fading feelings, quarrels and reconciliations, happiness, indifference and pain. Few people can say with complete certainty why one particular person is able to become a beacon in someone's destiny. However, even more internal confrontations, doubts and worries raise the question: “What can lead a person to change?”.

In the bottom line, treason is a violation of fidelity. Each of us, in theory, is able to change himself, his Motherland, change another person, and in most cases this capacious definition contains a huge amount of emotional experiences, doubts and pain and is put on a par with such concepts as "sin" and "betrayal"

In the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time", the author considers one of the examples of adultery, and, without drawing specific conclusions, invites the reader to speculate on this phenomenon. Why did Vera cheat on her husband? And can this be called treason? Of course, it is possible, but the most important betrayal of this heroine is betrayal of herself and her own feelings. The girl experienced a strong love for Pechorin, which, it seemed, could not be handled by anything, even marriage. Vera, being married to an unloved person, periodically tormented herself with thoughts of another. And despite the respect for her husband, the heroine was not always able to control herself and her emotions. Therefore, when Pechorin appeared on the horizon, Vera, knowing full well how their meeting could end, nevertheless takes this difficult step. This secret meeting soon led to the expected consequences: Vera confessed her love to her husband for another, and her husband, full of anger and resentment, took the girl away from the city in an unknown direction, leaving behind a trail of a damaged reputation and a soul doomed to suffering.

In N. Leskov's essay "Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District", adultery is described with a less dramatic coloring. The author appears as an outside observer and introduces us to a story that is sparing with emotions, but very deep. Unlike the heroine of the novel, M.Yu. Lermontov, Katerina is not tormented by that same uplifting love. This girl, being narrow-minded and surprisingly unspiritual, is bored in marriage and from this very boredom she commits a series of rash actions. The heroine's husband treated her with obvious indifference, but this is not the reason for Katerina's fall into sin. The girl met a man who awakened a blind passion in her, and without a shadow of a doubt, with amazing ease, completely without thinking about the consequences, she went on a betrayal. What caused such an act? Stupidity, lack of spirituality, irresponsibility and moral emptiness of Katerina, lack of love for her husband and, of course, in part, the indifference of the spouse himself. For not a single hero of this essay such concepts as "fidelity" and " family values” did not play any role, which was the reason for the tragic ending.

In fact, anything can lead a person to treason, if the same relationship between people is not based on love and mutual respect. In my opinion, people only cheat when they don't realize the true value of what they're about to destroy.

All sorts of computer and video games were invented with one single purpose - to entertain people. And hardly anyone could have imagined that in the 21st century this phenomenon would become a real problem. A problem that will even end up in the WHO International Classification of Diseases under the name "gaming disorder".

Today there are more than 2 billion gamers in the world, but this market continues to grow every day. Almost half of all players (45%) are women, but the most alarming thing is that these figures also include a considerable number of children and adolescents.

For some, the game becomes not just a life, but also a completely profitable business. Progaming is a job that requires regular practice to maintain and develop your skills. But few manage to turn a hobby into a profession, so the vast majority play purely for fun.

Games and diseases

In the summer of 2014, the results of a large-scale study conducted by experts from the University of Oxford with the participation of 5,000 teenagers aged 10 to 14 were published. It turned out that only 25% of them did not play games every day. Among the rest, there were groups that played less than an hour a day, from one to three hours a day, and more than three hours.

It was further revealed that children who played for less than an hour every day had a more positive perception of the world compared to those who did not play at all. By contrast, teens who played more than three hours were less satisfied with their lives and had emotional and behavioral problems.

But still, scientists are in no hurry to make loud statements, since they admit that the study was based on the answers of adolescents themselves, which means that there is a certain amount of subjectivity in it.

Against the backdrop of these data, others were published regarding video game TV. It turned out that more than three hours in front of the screen, seriously increase the risk of developing diabetes. Scientists came to this conclusion after examining almost 4.5 thousand children of different sexes 9-10 years old. After studying the health status of volunteers and conducting a survey on the number of video games in their lives, the experts concluded that the more time a child spends in front of the screen, the more adipose tissue in his body and the higher insulin resistance. But here it is impossible to speak unequivocally about the dangers of video games, most likely, the matter is in a sedentary lifestyle in general.

When talking about video games, many often recall the connection with hostility and antisocial behavior. Back in the early 2000s, researchers noted that games significantly increase aggression among children and adolescents. Today, there is other data - there is no clearly identified relationship between the time spent playing games and emotional or mental problems in children.

Well, of course, if the game begins to gradually crowd out all other interests, then there is no need to talk about its benefits. But here the responsibility lies entirely with the parents. It is in their power to diversify the lives of their children and show its versatility beyond the TV or computer screen.

The boundaries of reality

At the same time, it cannot be denied that video games blur the boundaries between the virtual and real world to some extent and sometimes force players to solve their problems exclusively through gaming methods. There was even a study on this subject that proved that avid players actually transfer certain techniques to real life. Many of the players (from 15 to 21 years old) said that it seems to them that in life they can press a button and change the course of events in an instant. The degree to which the game penetrates deep into real life also depends on the time that a person spends at the computer. But in the most neglected cases, the game completely replaces what is happening around the person.

Also, some admitted that they intentionally transfer any “chips” from the game, this helps them in communicating with people who rotate in the same area. At the same time, when it came to real violence or harm, all survey participants were unanimous - they would never be able to transfer violence to real life, even if they imagine such a scenario in their heads. It cannot be said that absolutely all emotional reactions and the state of the players are provoked exclusively by games. In addition, some of the volunteers' comments (for example, about the magic button) could simply be part of their fantasies, and not evidence of altered thinking. In general, it can be said that although research in this area answers certain questions, it leaves behind many new ones that have yet to be dealt with.

How to help a gamer

You can suspect real gambling in an adult or a child by the so-called "red flags". First: a strong desire to play games always and everywhere. Second, the loss of control and the blurring of boundaries between the beginning of the game and its duration. Third: the game crowds out all other hobbies, including communication with friends. Fourth: people continue to play, even when a conflict situation arises around it. If you notice such manifestations and they last for more than a year, you can safely talk about the diagnosis of a gaming disorder in a person.

If we are talking about the child, it is worth trying with him to analyze the reasons that led to this state of affairs. Perhaps these are problems at school, difficulties in communicating with peers, or misunderstanding on the part of parents. Aggressive games are often used as a way to relieve stress, then it is worth looking for alternative methods. Not bad in such a situation, together with the child, develop clear rules regarding the place and time of games and try to follow them.

With adults, things are a little more complicated. It is important to understand whether more dangerous mental states are hidden behind gambling, and only a psychotherapist can help in this. If the diagnosis is confirmed, it will have to be treated. The range of methods is quite wide (from family counseling to daily walks on horseback), and the specialist will be able to advise the right specialist only after communicating with the patient. Moreover, non-drug methods are most often most effective, drugs, in particular antidepressants, are prescribed only in extreme cases.

Age crises: how to get out of them a winner

Sometimes it seems that our whole life is a series of endless age crises, which successively replace each other. It all starts with the notorious crisis of 3 years, which every mother probably knows about, and then it started: the crisis of 7-8 years, teenage years, a quarter-life crisis, and, of course, a midlife crisis. Psychotherapist Olga Miloradova will tell you what crises each of us inevitably goes through and how to survive them without loss.

Transitional age

The connection of this or that crisis with age is generally rather arbitrary, but one of the brightest and most noticeable periods falls on the period from 14 to 19 years. This is the one transitional age, which is associated with a huge number of social, psychological and physiological changes in the body. Puberty turns the life of a teenager into continuous swings of emotions, and sometimes it is not so easy to deal with this. Among other things, it is at this time that growing up children first begin to think about their immediate future and the time when they will have to grow up. You don't have to go far, even the choice future profession and places of study at the age of 16-17 is an impossible task for many.

Adolescence is, in fact, the first adult crisis in a person's life. And if in childhood crisis is the complete destruction of the old and the construction of the new, then for adults it is always some kind of choice and conflict of contradictions that no one will decide for you.

Today's children spend most of their time in the school system and this makes the decision making process even more difficult for them. The pressure of society, the endless parting words of parents and the feeling that your own feelings and experiences are of no interest to anyone. Sadly, sometimes such situations lead to the most deplorable consequences.

But hormones and overwhelming emotions prevent adolescents from accepting reality and soberly understanding what is happening, otherwise they would easily accept the normality of what is happening and finally stop worrying about trifles. As a rule, during this period, young people often give up their usual hobbies and look for new ones, seek to isolate themselves from their parents and show their independence.

Such an identity crisis is not just a misunderstanding of what to become when you grow up. In part, this is a full-fledged formation of personality and its assessment. And the point here is not only in the future profession, many are faced with a serious problem in accepting their body, which is rapidly changing. At the same time, you are also searching for yourself in society and among the people around you. And here, for a growing child, a loving and understanding family is very important, which will accept him as he is.

quarter life crisis

This crisis is often complained about in the period from 20 to 30 years. Some are at a crossroads after graduation, others are torn between the start of a career and personal life. And many do not want to live on their own at all, because they feel good next to mom and dad, who easily solve all problems. IN last years time of entry into adult life shifted noticeably, and this led to the fact that the previously known “crisis of 30 years” imperceptibly decreased to 25, but this is still a very conditional age.

To all this, nervousness is often added, which appeared against the backdrop of the general spread of social networks. We constantly think that something is wrong with us, because if you believe the world of Instagram and Facebook, friends and peers are doing much better. If you are familiar with this situation, remind yourself that any person's account is just a selection of the best of the best, and in some cases, this best is also contrived or exaggerated a considerable number of times. Just try not to compare yourself to others, rather try to focus on achieving your own goals.

This crisis cannot be regarded as destructive, since, on the contrary, it opens the way for personal growth and allows you to rebuild your life according to your own ideals, and not those that were imposed from outside.

The most common advice on how to get through this crisis most often comes down to Zen practices. Firstly, learn to plan and do not strive to do everything, secondly, accept the inevitability of mistakes, and thirdly, figure out what you are really interested in and what you would like to do in life. To some extent, this crisis is even useful, because it helps to put your thoughts in order and finally make changes in your life.

Middle age crisis

Unlike the previous crisis, which is based on the fear of the future, this one, on the contrary, is connected with the past. One day, a person wakes up and is horrified, because everything that he has suddenly loses all meaning. It seems that the life's work is boring and dull, love is a thing of the past, and the children completely forgot about you in the stream of their own affairs. It is with this age that the craving for expensive and meaningless purchases, romances with younger partners, divorces and other attempts to regain long-gone youth are often associated.

The midlife crisis is applicable to people aged 40 to 60 years, when there is a rethinking of everything that happened to a person before. But it is not easy to describe this crisis unambiguously. At different people it can proceed in its own way, as well as occur at different age intervals. And if for someone these thoughts become pleasant memories, then for another - a direct gateway to depression.

If the first two crises can safely be called periods of growth and change, then this is a classic crisis in the psychological sense. He pulls negativity, depression, depreciation of himself and his life, serious thoughts about death. And the most important thing here is to try to extract something useful and productive for yourself from the current situation.

But there are also things that almost everyone experiences during this period. This strong feeling frustration and a clear sense of mortality. In addition, age manifests itself in terms of physiology - more and more diseases develop, women begin menopause (something similar happens in the male body and is called andropause).

The most important thing in this crisis is not to miss its transition into depression; in this case, you cannot do without the help of a psychologist. In all others, the most important advice is to accept the changes that have come and learn to live in the circumstances offered.

What is learned helplessness

Acquired helplessness is a condition that occurs against the background of frequent stressful situations. At some point, a person comes to the conclusion that he cannot change the current situation, so he simply stops trying.

For the first time a similar syndrome was described in 1967 after several experiments on animals and humans. It has been proven that learned helplessness can exacerbate depression and anxiety. When a person realizes that he cannot change anything around him, he loses motivation. And even if there is a chance, the person still does not take any action. Against the background of such behavior, the risk of depression inevitably increases.

Psychologist Martin Seligman, who is often credited with coining the term learned helplessness, has detailed three features of this condition:

• The person is passive in the face of injury
• The person does not understand that reaction can control trauma
• A person's stress levels are high

To prove their theory, psychologists conducted a study on dogs, during which they subjected them to a series of electric shocks. The experiment showed that dogs that could not control the situation ended up showing signs of anxiety and depression, while those that could pull the lever did not.

In people, learned helplessness is manifested in the fact that they cannot adapt to difficult situations. life situations. Usually they just accept that something bad is going to happen and don't try to influence it in any way. And even if a potential solution to the problem flashes on the horizon, a person will not use it.

One of the most striking examples of learned helplessness is smoking. A person makes several attempts, then loses faith in himself and stops trying at all.

Sometimes acquired helplessness is formed in childhood. When parents do not satisfy the child's need for help, he begins to think that he cannot change the situation in any way. And if such events occur regularly, then the developed helplessness will pass into adulthood.

The most common signs of learned helplessness in children are: low motivation and self-esteem, low expectations, the child never asks for help, is sure that he will never succeed.

The most important factors for combating learned helplessness in children are the right attachment to parents, a sense of humor and independence.

It is much more difficult for an adult to overcome acquired helplessness. The most effective approach in this regard is cognitive behavioral therapy. In its course, people learn to receive attention and support, find ways to avoid helplessness, identify behavior that reinforces it, increase self-esteem, and set realistic goals and objectives.

Preparing for

final essay

"PLEASED MAN" (poem in prose) A young man is skipping along the streets of the capital. His movements are cheerful, lively; eyes shine, lips grin, pleasantly reddens a touched face ... He is all - contentment and joy. What happened to him? Did he inherit? Did he get promoted? Is he in a hurry for a love date? Or did he just have a good breakfast - and a feeling of health, a feeling of well-fed strength leaped up in all his members? Have they put your beautiful octagonal cross on his neck, O Polish King Stanislav! No. He composed a slander against an acquaintance, spread it carefully, heard it, this very slander, from the lips of another acquaintance - and he believed her. Oh, how pleased, how kind even at this moment this dear, promising young man! February, 1878

Poem in prose

"Happy Man"

I. S. Turgenev

What moral qualities of a person were condemned in the work?

Moral villainy and dishonor

"Happy Man"

Makes others evil

(composed slander)

"man of promise"

HONOR - ... HONOR

• Honour- this is that high spiritual force that keeps a person from meanness, betrayal, lies and cowardice. This is the core that strengthens the individual in choosing an act, this is a situation where conscience is the judge.
• Life often tests people, putting them before a choice - to act honorably and take a hit on themselves, or to be cowardly and go against conscience in order to gain benefits and get away from troubles, possibly death.
• A person always has a choice, and how he will act depends on his moral principles. The path of honor is difficult, but the retreat from it, the loss of honor, is even more painful.

Honor or dishonor?

Being a social, rational and conscious being, a person cannot but think about how others treat him, what they think about him, what assessments are given to his actions and his whole life. At the same time, he cannot help thinking about his place among other people. This spiritual connection of a person with society is expressed in the concepts of Honor and Dignity.

“Honor is my life,” Shakespeare wrote, “they have grown together into one, and to lose honor is equal to the loss of life for me.”

Possible topic formulations:

• Take care of honor from a young age ...
• Can honor resist dishonor?
• Do you agree with the statement of P. Corneille “We have no right to live when honor has perished”?
• Are there people of honor today?
• Is it easy to live without honor and conscience?
• Honor and honesty: how are these concepts related?
• What an honor if there is nothing to eat!

Aphorisms

Not strong the best, but honest. Honor and dignity are the strongest. (F. M. Dostoevsky)

Honor cannot be taken away, it can be lost. (A.P. Chekhov)

Our honor is to follow the best and improve the worst ... (Plato)

Honor is an outward conscience, and conscience is an inward honor. (Arthur Schopenhauer)

	Dishonor
To deprive the honor of another is to deprive one of one's own. Publius Cyrus	I will endure injustice, but not dishonor.
Honor is dearer than life. Schiller F.	Disgrace equal drags behind him the one who betrayed love and who left the battle. Corneille Pierre
I agree to endure any misfortune, But I will not agree that honor should suffer. Corneille Pierre	Every dishonesty is a step towards dishonor. V. Sinyavsky
True honor cannot tolerate untruth.	Shamelessness is the patience of the soul for dishonor in the name of profit. Plato
Honor is a reward given for virtue... Aristotle	Honor from the dishonest is also dishonor. Publius Cyrus
Honor is a diamond on the hand of virtue. Voltaire	A dishonest person is ready for a dishonorable deed. Proverb

Spring of honor, our idol!

And this is where the world revolves!

(A. S. Pushkin)

The direction is based on polar concepts related to the choice of a person: to be true to the voice of conscience, to follow moral principles, or to follow the path of betrayal, lies and hypocrisy.

Many writers focused on depicting various manifestations of a person: from loyalty to moral rules to various forms of compromise with conscience, up to a deep moral fall.

Introduction based on FIPI comments to the direction

Honor… Disgrace… Life and society put before each person moral choice: live according to conscience, follow moral principles or follow the path of dishonor, achieve everything in life through betrayal, lies and hypocrisy. ….

I think that... Undoubtedly... It seems to me that.... To my mind, ….

Many writers focused on depicting various manifestations of a person: from loyalty to moral rules to various forms of compromise with conscience, up to a deep moral decline. So, …

Your opinion on this topic

+ transition to arguments from the literature

Code of noble honor on the pages of literary works

The history of the Russian duel of the 19th century is the history of human tragedies, high impulses and passions. The concept of honor in the noble society of that time is connected with the dueling tradition. There was even a code of noble honor. The readiness to pay with life for the inviolability of one's personal dignity presupposed a keen awareness of this dignity.

A.S. Pushkin, "a slave of honor", defending the honor of his wife and his honor, challenged Dantes to a duel, because. could not live “slandered by rumors” and put an end to dishonor at the cost of his own life. M.Yu. Lermontov also fell victim to dishonest and vicious envious people.

In many works of literature, honor is a measure of the humanity and decency of heroes.

Honor as the embodiment of the hero's spiritual power Honor as the embodiment of the hero's spiritual power

Family honor - category folk morality. The merchant Kalashnikov in the famous "Song about the Merchant Kalashnikov ..." M.Yu. is the defender of popular ideas about honor and dignity. Lermontov. Having based the plot on a real event, Lermontov fills it with deep moral sense. Kalashnikov comes out to fight "for the holy truth, mother", for family values, for the honor of his wife. The image of the merchant Kalashnikov is close to the popular ideal. Just like the heroes folk epics, Stepan fights for honor and justice, defends eternal values.

Honor as the embodiment of the hero's spiritual power

« But your honor is my guarantee, and I boldly entrust myself to her”, - lines from a letter from Tatyana Larina from the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin", completing a declaration of love, not only expresses the hope of a young girl for the decency and dignity of the chosen one. They sound faith in the fact that the honor of the heroine herself will not be abused.

For Larina, the concept of honor, moral purity is the basis of the worldview. Guided by her idea of ​​duty, she remains faithful to her husband, rejecting Onegin's love. It is possible to sacrifice love, but not to sacrifice honor.

Honor as the embodiment of the spiritual power of the hero Antithesis honor-disgrace in 20th century literature

(V. Bykov "Sotnikov").

The problem of preserving honor is not bypassed by the literature about the Great Patriotic war. Become a coward, dishonor yourself with betrayal and continue to live with it - this is the choice Rybak makes. He agrees to serve as a policeman, knocks out a support from under the feet of a former fellow soldier and becomes the executioner of the one with whom he fought shoulder to shoulder yesterday. He stays alive and suddenly catches on himself a look full of hatred. Hate him, a coward and a traitor, a dishonorable person. Now he is an enemy - both for people and for himself too ... Fate deprives Rybak of the opportunity to commit suicide, he will live with his stigma of dishonor.

Literature to help

• D. Fonvizin "Undergrowth"
• A. Griboedov "Woe from Wit"
• A. Pushkin Captain's daughter»
• A. Pushkin "Dubrovsky"
• M. Lermontov "Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich ..."
• M. Lermontov "The Fugitive"
• N. Gogol "Taras Bulba"
• L. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
• F. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"
• A. Green "Green Lamp".
• M. Sholokhov "The fate of man"
• V. Bykov "Obelisk"; "Sotnikov"
• B. Vasiliev "I was not on the lists"
• Prosper Merimee "Matteo Falcone"

Argumentation

Poem in prose

"Happy Man"

• Formulation of your position in the form of a thesis;
• Making a micro-withdrawal,

using quote

I. S. Turgenev

Disgrace, in my opinion, is …………….. Recall …………….. The writer draws …………………….. By asking a series of rhetorical questions, the author tries to understand the reason ………………………… The answer strikes us: ………… Understand the author’s position irony allows us……………………………. Reading this work, I remember the words .... (proverb) .... + micro output. Let us recall the poem in I. S. Turgenev's prose "A Satisfied Man". The writer draws a young man who is all contentment and joy. Asking a series of rhetorical questions, the author tries to understand the reason for this mood. The answer strikes us: the hero is pleased that he composed a slander about another. The bitter irony allows us to understand the author's position: "a promising young man." Reading this work, I remember the words of Publius Syrus: "To deprive another of the honor is to lose one's own." The hero of Turgenev, I think, dishonored himself first of all.

So, in conclusion, I want to say that………………. I think that ………………………………. At the end, I want to remember the lines …………………..

So, in conclusion, I want to say that each of us will go our own way in life, each of us has our own path, full of ups and downs. And yet, I think that the main thing for a person is to be honest with himself and with others. In the end, I would like to recall the lines of A. S. Pushkin:

Spring of honor, our idol!

And this is where the world revolves!

Perhaps honor is a heavy burden for everyone, and only strong personality brought up in honesty and morality. Of course, everyone chooses for himself whether to follow the path of honor or live without it, omitting all unnecessary moral prejudices and pangs of conscience. However, it becomes sad at the moment when such a concept as “honor” is not initially invested in the upbringing of a person, because in the future it becomes a tragedy for the whole society. After all moral decay, the fall of moral principles leads to the collapse of both the individual and the whole nation.

Yuri Levitansky

Everyone chooses for himself

Everyone chooses for himself

woman, religion, road.

Serve the devil or the prophet -

everyone chooses for himself.

Everyone chooses for themselves

a word for love and for prayer.

Dueling sword, battle sword

everyone chooses for themselves.

Everyone chooses for themselves.

Shield and armor, staff and patches,

measure of final retribution

everyone chooses for themselves.

Everyone chooses for himself.

I also choose as best I can.

I have no complaints against anyone.

Everyone chooses for himself.

Homework Create and write down a complex outline for each of the following topics:

• How are the concepts of "honor" and "fatherland" related?
• What does it mean to walk the path of honor?
• What drives a person to dishonorable acts?

Final essay on the topic: “What qualities should a man of honor have? "

What qualities should a man of honor have? Of course, he must be decent, honest, true to his word. And he also needs to have the courage to defend his honor in difficult situations. He must have the strength of mind to face danger with dignity, perhaps even death. A man of honor is characterized by altruism, readiness, if necessary, to sacrifice himself in the name of higher values. Such a person is ready to stand up not only for himself, but also for others. Let's illustrate the above with examples.

Here is Sotnikov, the hero of the story of the same name by V. Bykov. Having been captured, he courageously endures torture, but does not tell his enemies anything. Knowing that he will be executed in the morning, he prepares to face death with dignity. The writer focuses our attention on the thoughts of the hero: “Sotnikov easily and simply, as something elementary and completely logical in his position, now made the last decision: to take everything upon himself. Tomorrow he will tell the investigator that he went to reconnaissance, had a mission, wounded a policeman in a shootout, that he is a commander of the Red Army and an opponent of fascism, let them shoot him. The rest are not here." It is indicative that before death a partisan thinks not about himself, but about the salvation of others. And although his attempt did not lead to success, he fulfilled his duty to the end. The hero courageously meets death, not for a minute does the thought come to him to beg the enemy for mercy, to become a traitor. We see that the hero has such qualities as fidelity to duty and the Fatherland, courage, readiness to sacrifice oneself. This hero can rightly be called a man of honor.

Such is Pyotr Grinev, the hero of A.S. Pushkin's novel The Captain's Daughter. The author talks about the capture Belogorsk fortress Pugachev. The officers had to either swear allegiance to Pugachev, recognizing him as sovereign, or end their lives on the gallows. The author shows what choice his hero made: Pyotr Grinev showed courage, he was ready to die, but not to dishonor the honor of the uniform. He found the courage to tell Pugachev to his face that he could not recognize him as sovereign, refused to change the military oath: “No,” I answered with firmness. - I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the empress: I can’t serve you.” With all frankness, Grinev answered Pugachev that he might fight against him, fulfilling his officer's duty: “You know, it’s not my will: they tell me to go against you - I’ll go, there’s nothing to do. What will it be like if I refuse service when my service is needed? The hero understands that honesty can cost him his life, but a sense of duty and honor prevails in him over fear. It was the sincerity and courage, honesty and directness of the hero that helped him get out of a difficult situation with dignity. His words so impressed Pugachev that he saved Grinev's life and let him go.

We know that in another situation, Grinev was ready to sacrifice his life, defending the honor of another person - Masha Mironova. He fought in a duel with Shvabrin, defending the honor of Masha Mironova. Shvabrin, being rejected, in a conversation with Grinev allowed himself to offend the girl with vile allusions. Grinev could not bear it. As a decent man, he went out to fight and was ready to die, but to defend the good name of the girl.

We see that Pushkin's hero is characterized by the best human qualities: courage and courage, fidelity to duty and honesty, directness, readiness to stand up for others. He is a fine example of a man of honor.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that there will be as many such people as possible.

Final essay on the topic: “How can you get out of a difficult situation with honor? "

Life often puts us in difficult conditions, and it is very important to be able to get out of a difficult situation, preserving our dignity, without tarnishing honor. How to do it? It seems that there cannot be a ready-made recipe for all occasions. The main thing is to always remember what is most important. And the most important thing is loyalty to duty and given word decency, feeling dignity and respect for other people, honesty and directness. The moral compass will always point you in the right direction.

Let us turn to the novel by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter". The author tells about the capture of the Belogorsk fortress by Pugachev. The officers had to either swear allegiance to Pugachev, recognizing him as sovereign, or end their lives on the gallows. The author shows what choice his hero made: Pyotr Grinev showed courage, he was ready to die, but not to dishonor the honor of the uniform. He found the courage to tell Pugachev to his face that he could not recognize him as sovereign, refused to change the military oath: “No,” I answered with firmness. - I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the empress: I can’t serve you.” With all frankness, Grinev answered Pugachev that he might fight against him, fulfilling his officer's duty: “You know, it’s not my will: they tell me to go against you - I’ll go, there’s nothing to do. What will it be like if I refuse service when my service is needed? The hero understands that honesty can cost him his life, but a sense of duty and honor prevails in him over fear. It was the sincerity and courage, honesty and directness of the hero that helped him get out of a difficult situation with dignity. His words so impressed Pugachev that he saved Grinev's life and let him go.

Another example is the story of M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man". Main character, Andrey Sokolov, was taken prisoner. For carelessly spoken words, they were going to shoot him. He could beg for mercy, humiliate himself before his enemies. Perhaps a weak-minded person would have done just that. But the hero was ready to defend the honor of a soldier in the face of death. On the offer of the commandant Müller to drink for the victory of German weapons, he refused. Sokolov behaved confidently and calmly, refused snacks, despite the fact that he was hungry. He explained his behavior as follows: “I wanted to show them, damned, that although I’m dying of hunger, I’m not going to choke on their handouts, that I have my own, Russian dignity and pride and that they didn’t turn me into cattle, as didn't try." Sokolov's act aroused respect for him even from the enemy. The German commandant recognized the moral victory of the Soviet soldier and saved his life. We see that self-esteem, courage, and directness helped this hero to get out of a difficult situation with honor.

Thus, we can conclude: in difficult circumstances, one should remember about moral guidelines. It is they who will indicate the way out of their darkness to the light.

Final essay on the topic: “When does the choice arise between honor and dishonor? "

When does a choice arise between honor and dishonor? In my opinion, a person can face such a choice under a variety of circumstances. For example, in war time the soldier comes face to face with death. He can die with dignity, remaining faithful to his duty and not tarnishing military honor. At the same time, he may try to save his life by embarking on the path of betrayal.

Let us turn to the story of V. Bykov "Sotnikov". We see two partisans captured by the police. One of them, Sotnikov, behaves courageously, endures severe torture, but does not tell the enemy anything. He retains self-respect and, before execution, accepts death with honor. His comrade, Rybak, is trying to escape at all costs. He despised the honor and duty of the defender of the Fatherland and went over to the side of the enemy, became a policeman and even participated in the execution of Sotnikov, personally knocking out a stand from under his feet. We see that it is in the face of mortal danger that the true qualities of people are manifested. Honor here is loyalty to duty, and dishonor is a synonym for cowardice and betrayal.

The choice between honor and dishonor arises not only in times of war. The need to pass the test of moral strength may be before everyone, even a child. To preserve honor means to try to protect one's dignity and pride, to know dishonor means to endure humiliation and bullying, being afraid to fight back.

V. Aksyonov tells about this in the story “Breakfasts of the forty-third year”. The narrator was regularly the victim of stronger classmates who regularly took away from him not only breakfasts, but also any other things they liked: “He took her from me. He took everything - everything that was of interest to Him. And not only for me, but for the whole class.” The hero was not just sorry for the lost, the constant humiliation, the awareness of his own weakness, was unbearable. He decided to stand up for himself, to resist. And although physically he could not defeat the three overage hooligans, but the moral victory was on his side. An attempt to defend not only his breakfast, but also his honor, to overcome his fear became an important milestone in his growing up, the formation of his personality. The writer brings us to the conclusion: one must be able to defend one's honor.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that, faced with a choice between honor and dishonor, we will remember honor and dignity, we will be able to overcome spiritual weakness, we will not allow ourselves to fall morally.

Final essay on the topic: “What can lead a person to a dishonorable act? "

What can lead a person to act dishonestly? It seems that the answers to this complex question may be different. In my opinion, one of the reasons for a dishonorable act can be selfishness, when a person puts his own interests and desires in the first place and is not ready to give them up. His "I" is more important than generally accepted moral principles. Let's look at a few examples.

So, in the “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, a young guardsman and a daring merchant Kalashnikov” M.Yu. Lermontov tells about Kiribeevich, guardsman of Tsar Ivan the Terrible. He liked Alena Dmitrievna, the wife of the merchant Kalashnikov. Knowing that she was a married woman, Kiribeevich still allowed himself to solicit her love, moreover, in public. He did not think about the disgrace he would bring to a decent woman and her entire family. For him, above honor was passion, the desire to possess the object of his love. His selfish aspirations eventually led to tragedy: not only the oprichnik himself died, but also the merchant Kalashnikov, Alena Dmitrievna became a widow, and her children became orphans. We see that it is selfishness that makes a person neglect moral principles and leads him to a dishonorable act.

Let's turn to another example. In the work of V. Bykov "Sotnikov" the behavior of the partisan Rybak, who was captured, is described. Sitting in the basement, he only thought about saving his own life. When the police offered him to become one of them, he was not offended, not indignant, on the contrary, he “felt sharply and joyfully - he would live! There was an opportunity to live - this is the main thing. Everything else - later. An inner voice told Rybak that he had embarked on the path of dishonor. And then he tried to find a compromise with his conscience: “He went to this game to win his life - is this not enough for the most, even desperate, game? And there it will be visible, if only they would not be killed, tortured during interrogations. The writer shows the successive stages of Rybak's moral decline. So he agreed to go over to the side of the enemy and at the same time continued to convince himself that "there is no great fault for him." In his opinion, “he had more opportunities and cheated in order to survive. But he is not a traitor…” And so Rybak took part in the execution of Sotnikov. Bykov emphasizes that Rybak tried to find an excuse even for this terrible act: “What does he have to do with it? Is it him? He just pulled out this stump. And then by order of the police. We see that a person became a traitor to the Motherland, the executioner of his comrade for one reason: he put his own life above duty and honor. In other words, cowardice and selfishness push a person to the most terrible deeds.

In conclusion, I would like to express the hope that in a situation where our selfish motives are on one side of the scale, and moral principles, duty, and honor are on the other, we will be able to make the right choice and not commit dishonorable acts.

Final essay on the topic: “What act can be called dishonorable?”

What act is dishonorable? In my opinion, this can be called an act of a person who behaves vilely, tries to discredit someone, slander him. An example is an episode from the work of A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", which tells about the conversation between Shvabrin and Grinev about Masha Mironova. Shvabrin, having received a refusal from Masha Mironova, in retaliation slanders her, allows himself insulting allusions to her. He argues that it is not necessary to seek Masha’s favor with verses, hints at her accessibility: “... if you want Masha Mironova to come to you at dusk, then instead of gentle rhymes, give her a pair of earrings ...

Why do you have such an opinion about her? I asked, holding back my indignation with difficulty.
“Because,” he answered with an infernal grin, “I know from experience her temper and custom.”

Shvabrin, without hesitation, is ready to tarnish the honor of the girl just because she did not reciprocate. Such an act is, without a doubt, dishonorable.

Sometimes it happens that a physically strong person uses his superiority, humiliating and offending the weaker ones. For example, in A. Likhanov's story "Clean Stones", a character named Savvatei keeps the whole school in fear. He takes pleasure in humiliating small children who cannot stand up for themselves. The hooligan regularly robs students, mocks them: “Sometimes he snatched a textbook or notebook out of his bag instead of a bun and threw it into a snowdrift or took it for himself, so that, after stepping back a few steps, he would throw it under his feet and wipe his felt boots on them.” His favorite technique was to run a "dirty, sweaty paw" across the victim's face. Even his “sixes” he constantly humiliates: “Savvatei looked angrily at the guy, took him by the nose and pulled him down hard,” he “stood next to Sasha, leaning on his head.” Encroaching on the honor and dignity of other people, he himself becomes the personification of dishonor.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that people will avoid dishonorable acts, adhering to high moral principles.

Final essay on the topic: “Do you agree with the Latin proverb: “It is better to die with honor than to live in dishonor”?”

Do you agree with the Latin proverb: “It is better to die with honor than to live in dishonor”? Reflecting on this issue, one can come to the conclusion: honor is above everything, even life. It is better to die with honor than to live in dishonor, for the one who gave his life in the name of high moral values ​​will always be worthy of respect, and the one who chose the path of dishonor will be doomed to the contempt of others and will not be able to live peacefully and happily. Let's take a literary example.

So, in the story of V. Bykov "Sotnikov" it is said about two partisans who were taken prisoner. One of them, Sotnikov, courageously withstood torture, but did not tell his enemies anything. Knowing that he would be executed the next morning, he prepared to face death with dignity. The writer focuses our attention on the thoughts of the hero: “Sotnikov easily and simply, as something elementary and completely logical in his position, now made the last decision: to take everything upon himself. Tomorrow he will tell the investigator that he went to reconnaissance, had a mission, wounded a policeman in a shootout, that he is a commander of the Red Army and an opponent of fascism, let them shoot him. The rest are not here." It is significant that before his death, the partisan thought not about himself, but about the salvation of others. And although his attempt did not lead to success, he fulfilled his duty to the end. The hero chose to die with honor, but not to become a traitor. His act is an example of courage and true heroism.

Comrade Sotnikova, Rybak, behaved quite differently. The fear of death took over all his feelings. Sitting in the basement, he only thought about saving his own life. When the police offered him to become one of them, he was not offended, not indignant, on the contrary, he “felt sharply and joyfully - he would live! There was an opportunity to live - this is the main thing. Everything else - later. Of course, he did not want to become a traitor: “He had no intention of giving them partisan secrets, let alone joining the police, although he understood that it would not be easy to evade her.” He hoped that "he would get out and then he would certainly pay off these bastards ...". An inner voice told Rybak that he had embarked on the path of dishonor. And then Rybak tried to find a compromise with his conscience: “He went to this game in order to win his life - is this not enough for the most, even desperate, game? And there it will be visible, if only they would not be killed, tortured during interrogations. If only to break out of this cage, and he will not allow himself anything bad. Is he his enemy? Faced with a choice, he was not ready to sacrifice his life for the sake of honor.

The writer shows the successive stages of Rybak's moral decline. So he agreed to go over to the side of the enemy and at the same time continued to convince himself that "there is no great fault for him." In his opinion, “he had more opportunities and cheated in order to survive. But he is not a traitor. In any case, he was not going to become a German servant. He kept waiting to seize the opportunity, maybe now, maybe a little later, and only they would see him. »

And so Rybak took part in the execution of Sotnikov. Bykov emphasizes that Rybak tried to find an excuse even for this terrible act: “What does he have to do with it? Is it him? He just pulled out this stump. And then by order of the police. And only walking in the ranks of policemen, Rybak finally realized: "There was no longer any way to escape from this ranks." V. Bykov emphasizes that the path of dishonor chosen by Rybak is a path to nowhere. There is no future for this man.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that we, faced with a difficult choice, will not forget about the highest values: honor, duty, courage.

Honor and dishonor.

Each of us has come across people of honor. People who can selflessly help a person. Such people can come to the aid of even a stranger without demanding anything in return. But there is, and dark side honor, one that is gaining its strength day by day. Disgrace is a negative quality of a person, which is expressed in meanness, deceit, deceit and betrayal. Dishonest people value only their ego, they help others for their own benefit. Can such people be trusted? Is it possible to rely on them in difficult times? Of course not.

Today we understand that dishonor is growing, gaining momentum, while destroying the moral values ​​of a person. Nowadays it is difficult to find a person who will help, understand and console.

"Take care of honor from a young age," - this is exactly the epigraph that Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter" has. The concept of honor has become central to the work. Honor is decency moral purity heroes such as Pyotr Grinev, his parents, the whole family of Captain Mironov; this is military honor, loyalty to the oath, this, by and large, is love for the Motherland. Pyotr Grinev and Aleksey Shvabrin are contrasted in the story. Both are young, of the nobility, officers, but how different they are in character, moral principles. Grinev is a man of honor, whether it concerns his relationship with Masha Mironova, or whether it is his loyalty to the oath, steadfastness to the end during the Pugachev rebellion. Without honor and conscience Alexey Shvabrin. He is rude to Masha, it doesn't cost him anything to go over to the rebels, violating officer honor. Causes deep sympathy for Captain Mironov, the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress. He did not drop his dignity, remained faithful to the oath, did not kneel before Pugachev. In the Grinev family, the concept of honor was the basis of the character of Father Petrusha. Despite the fact that Peter, like all children, loved to play pranks, they brought up the main thing in him - human dignity, decency, and this is honor. The hero shows it by returning the card debt, and not humiliated by betrayal, as Shvabrin did.

Let us turn to the work “The Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and daring merchant Kalashnikov” by Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov. The writer touches on one of the most important problems facing a person - the problem of honor. How to protect your honor and loved ones, no matter what, how to remain a man in any situation?

The action takes place in the distant sixteenth century, during the reign of Ivan the Terrible, when the guardsmen could act outrageously, knowing that they would not be punished by the tsar. Kiribeevich is shown as such a guardsman, who, not thinking about the fate of the woman, Alena Dmitrievna, puts her in a terrible position. Neighbors see how he tries to caress her - a married woman, which in those years was considered the greatest sin. Shame on an innocent woman. Her husband, the merchant Kalashnikov, is outraged, and he challenges the guardsman to an open battle. Defending the honor of his wife and family, he went to a duel, realizing that he would not have mercy from the king in any case. And here a duel is played out between truth, honor and dishonor. Because of a man devoid of morality, the noble Kalashnikov dies, his children are left without a father, and a young innocent girl is a widow. So Kiribeevich ruined the life not only for himself, but also for his beloved woman. And all because of this, that a person who does not have spiritual values ​​\u200b\u200bwill never be able to comprehend true love, which he lifts to good deeds in which honor remains pure and innocent. This work teaches a lot: that it is always necessary to protect the honor of the family, loved ones, not to offend anyone.

In conclusion, I would like to call people to conscience. To the fact that at all times it was the concept of honor. Honor is one of the highest moral qualities of a person. It is formed from childhood. After all, the foundations of human dignity are a long and thorny path from selfishness to the laying of moral principles. From person to person, from generation to generation, the foundations of honor, etiquette and human dignity were passed on, and only the person himself chooses which moral ideals to choose as a guide in this life. So let's not be dishonest people, let's not become like those who have already been swallowed up by their own ego, selfishness and selfishness. After all, the manifestation of honor is a feat not only for oneself, but for the whole world!

Dubrovny Egor

It is better to be poor with honor than rich with dishonor.

Honor... What is it? Honor is the moral qualities of a person, his principles, worthy of respect and pride, it is a high spiritual force that can keep a person from meanness, betrayal, lies and cowardice. Without honor there is no man real life. It is better to be poor with honor than rich with dishonor.

Classics of the world fiction created many works that tell about heroes who have different attitudes to the concept of honor and dignity. So in the poem in the prose of Charles Baudelaire "Fake Coin" the meanness of a person and the choice of dishonor are shown. The protagonist gives the poor man a counterfeit coin, not thinking that this unfortunate person can be arrested. Arrest is the least that could be done, he could be whipped, beaten and even simply killed. This poor fellow's life is already not sugar, and so it will become even worse. The person who gave this coin committed dishonorable act, he chose wealth instead of honor, although he would not have become poorer from one coin. The author wants to convey to us the idea that it is unforgivable to be evil, and even worse - to do evil out of stupidity. This is the most dishonorable act! Even the most kind deed in the depths can hide great meanness.

In Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol's poem "Dead Souls", the main character Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov is a vivid example of dishonor. Throughout the poem, he deceives people for his own benefit. Pavel Ivanovich wanted to get rich by buying up "dead souls". These were documents for the possession of peasants who died, but are listed as alive. Chichikov is buying up "dead souls" in order to deceive the whole society. Pavel Ivanovich did not think about people, brazenly lied to them and did everything for himself. Looking at these two examples, we see that more often people choose wealth. But I think it's better to be poor with honor than rich with dishonor.

“Honor is like a precious stone: the slightest speck deprives it of its brilliance and robs it of all its value,” Edmond Pierre once said. Yes, it really is. And sooner or later everyone will have to decide how to live - with honor or without it.

Cheboltasov Igor

Where do dishonest people come from?

Disgrace is a negative quality of a person, which is expressed in meanness, deceit, deceit and betrayal. It entails shame, destruction of oneself as a person. Even in the most difficult moment, a person must continue to follow the honest path, without a moment's hesitation. From birth, parents educate children to be honest, where do dishonest people come from?

It seems that different answers can be given to this question, but I believe that dishonor is, first of all, a lack of respect for oneself and others. Therefore, it is very important that we understand that the main value in life is honor and conscience. But, unfortunately, not everyone understands this and chooses the wrong path. By committing any kind of deception, we approach dishonor. And with each subsequent betrayal, we become dishonorable.

The theme of dishonor is touched upon in the story of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter". In this work, two heroes are opposed: Pyotr Grinev and Alexei Shvabrin. You can judge a person by his actions in difficult times. For the heroes, the capture of the Belogorsk fortress by Pugachev, where Shvabrin showed his dishonor, became a test. He saves his life by deceit. We see him on the side of the rebels, while whispering something in Pugachev's ear. Grinev is ready to share the fate of Captain Mironov and stand up for his Motherland.

Let's turn to the novel by Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace". The main character Anatole Kuragin is an irresponsible and hypocritical person. He does not think about the consequences of his actions, does not think about the future and does not pay attention to the opinions of others. Kuragin's dishonor is his desire to marry Marya Bolkonskaya because of her wealth. It shows how the hero is ready for any dishonorable act for his own good and his own benefit. The author wants to convey to us that a dishonest person is ready for a vile act for his own benefit.

Summing up what has been said, we can conclude that dishonor means the loss of one's moral character. Having acted dishonestly once, a person cannot stop, becoming a traitor and a liar. We often meet dishonest people in our time, but we would like to see as many honest people as possible.

Evstropova Victoria